Boat Trip Research Articles

„Sztuczne raje” — motywy i sposoby upiększania krajobrazu w literaturze i kulturze początków XIX wieku

The present article focuses on a tendency to artificially beautify landscape, a tendency that was particularly strong in European culture of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, having been anticipated in Renaissance and Baroque culture. This is associated with landscape being assigned a cultural character, transformed by humans on the basis of natural resources. This tendency became a fluid process partially documented by literature. The process ranged from the introduction of decorative elements into gardens (statues like the famous Apennine Colossus in the garden of the Villa di Pratolino), through unique garden designs to the creation of landscape parks adapting natural spaces for purposes dictated by aesthetic theories (English landscape parks). French landscape gardens, which brought to the fore anthropologically viewed human beings living in a world built with geometric precision and order, were contrasted with the English landscape parks designed completely differently. The transformations taking place in culture, literature and art at the turn of the nineteenth century (Romanticism) went hand in hand with actions aimed at aestheticising landscape on the basis of natural resources. This was accompanied by important changes in customs resulting from new concepts of viewing landscape. The resulting development of tourism, consisting in its gradual popularisation, led to the emergence in the way of viewing nature of a certain hierarchy of values of various topographic sites (famous mountains, valleys, waterfalls, lakes, springs etc.). The desire to increase their attractiveness assumed the form of artificial beautification through the addition of artificial elements to landscape (grottos, temples, ruins, cascades, bowers). Many technical novelties were used to increase the effectiveness of hydrological elements (galleries under waterfalls, displays of waterfalls through coloured glass, boat trips to waterfalls). This tendency evolved further with the development of tourism. The period saw a rise in the role and attractiveness of health resorts, with an increasing role being played in their spatial arrangement by parks with fountains, bowers, artificial waterfalls. Access to sites known for beautiful vistas in the mountains was facilitated (steps cut in rock and stairs built on mountain slopes, galleries, gloriettes, viewing decks or even viewing towers). In this process of artificial aestheticisation of landscape an increasingly important role was played by the railways enabling people to observe landscapes through the windows, which was impossible for those travelling by stagecoaches. Artificial sluices above waterfalls were used to bank up water, released upon a fee. Changes in their infrastructure were accompanied by a theatricalisation of the setting (Ossianesque imitation, artificial folklorisation, blind musicians, children offering flowers to tourists, special acoustic effects like echo).

A mother travelling through motherland: Louise Erdrich’s family trip in Ojibwe Country

ABSTRACT American novelist Louise Erdrich is an enrolled member of the Turtle Mountain band of Chippewa Indians. In 2003, she published Books and Islands in Ojibwe Country, a travel narrative in which she evokes her trip North with her youngest daughter into original Ojibwe land, an area on both sides of the Canadian–US border. This article examines how her journey becomes a quest for origins involving a remapping of North America as Native land. As her life-narrative moves from the intimate to the collective, from the family to the tribe, it becomes an exploration of the exceptional sense of space and history of Native people in North America and a forceful questioning of hegemonic rules and standards. The road and boat trips at stake also turn into a semiological voyage leading to the telling of another story of North America, thus flouting normative, national discourse.

American Tragedies: Dreiser and Faulkner

American TragediesDreiser and Faulkner Gary Harrington (bio) When commenting on his prospects of receiving the Nobel Prize, William Faulkner would habitually remark that he would rather be associated with Theodore Dreiser and Sherwood Anderson, who never received the prize, than with Sinclair Lewis and Pearl Buck, who did (for example, see Selected Letters 299). He maintained this opinion— with reference to the same writers— even after hearing that he had won the award (Blotner 525). And when an interviewer asked Faulkner whom he considered to be the “greatest American novelists up to the end of the 19th century,” he named three: Twain, Melville, and Dreiser (Lion 167). Putting aside any chronological quibbles, Faulkner thereby places Dreiser in estimable literary company. These comments and other evidence indicate that Faulkner was quite well-acquainted with Dreiser’s work and held him in high regard. In another interview, Faulkner went on record as considering Dreiser to be the literary “older brother” of Sherwood Anderson, whom Faulkner referred to in that same response as “the father of my generation of American writers.” He went on to speak of Mark Twain as “the father of them both” (Lion 249–50). Faulkner makes patent use of all three of these writers— Twain, Anderson, and Dreiser— in his 1939 novel The Wild Palms. In this novel, Faulkner arguably displays his influences more openly than in his other major works, perhaps relating to the fact that The Wild Palms is one of his few mature novels set outside his fictional county of Yoknapatawpha, where his allusions tend to be more muted. Many have noted the rather evident affinities of the boat trip down the Mississippi taken by the anonymous convict and his female passenger in The Wild Palms and that of Huck and Jim in Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Others have detected the rather more obscure influences [End Page 201] of Anderson in the novel (see McHaney 3–24), including those pertaining to the never-completed Al Jackson stories upon which Anderson and Faulkner half-seriously collaborated and never published (Harrington 76–77). Thus far, however, no one has pinpointed substantial specific allusions in The Wild Palms to that third author, Dreiser. Nevertheless, Faulkner seems to have drawn upon Dreiser’s An American Tragedy for many of the features in both the “Wild Palms” and the “Old Man” sections of his bipartite novel.1 As often in Faulkner’s allusions to other authors, those involving Dreiser in The Wild Palms consist of a mixture of homage, parody, and competition— the last of these constituting part of a process roughly analogous to that which Hemingway, whose thumbprint (as others have mentioned) is also all over The Wild Palms, compared to entering the boxing ring with another writer (Hemingway 673). One example of Faulkner’s nodding towards Dreiser in The Wild Palms appears in the presentation of the more or less goofy tall convict. In An American Tragedy, the District Attorney Orville Mason feels that Clyde Griffiths is not merely a “poor plotter” but an actual “dunce” as a lawbreaker (588). Mr. Catchuman, the attorney whose name seems appropriate in a Dickensian way, concurs in that opinion. After talking with Clyde following his arrest, Catchuman concludes that “as a plotter of crime Clyde was probably the most arresting example of feeble and blundering incapacity he had ever met” (619). But of course Catchuman never encountered Faulkner’s tall convict in the “Old Man” segment of The Wild Palms. Had Catchuman done so, he might have categorized the convict as a serious rival to Clyde’s dubious distinction of being the premier all-time oaf of criminal conduct. The convict’s complete ineptitude in his train robbery attempt, following as he does the minutiae prescribed by the pulp fiction he has so diligently ingested, has a ludicrous outcome: he had been captured as soon as he entered the express car. . . . He had shot no one because the pistol . . . was not that kind of a pistol . . . later he admitted to the District Attorney that he had got it . . . [and] the dark lantern in which a candle burned and the black handkerchief to wear over the face, by peddling among...

Trust and Technology Repair Infrastructures in the Remote Rural Philippines

This paper analyzes the processes and challenges of technology repair in remote, low-income areas far from standard ICT repair infrastructure. Our sites of study are the fishing and farming villages of Dibut, Diotorin, and Dikapinisan in Aurora Province, Philippines, located in coastal coves against a mountain range. Residents are geographically isolated from urban areas, with the nearest peri-urban center of Baler a boat trip of several hours away, infeasible in some sea conditions. Unlike prior work in more connected rural areas, there are no local repair shops and device repair is uncommon, despite frequent breakage due to harsh conditions for electronics. The scarcity of local electronics repair limits technology access and leads to accumulation of e-waste. While prior work demonstrates that local electronics repair capability does arise in many rural areas around the world, we must also acknowledge that the successful emergence of this infrastructure depends on the intersection of many structural conditions and cannot be taken for granted. We present the material hardships of achieving local repair in terms of seams between heterogeneous urban and rural infrastructures, which illustrate the cove communities' marginality with respect to many forms of public infrastructure. However, intermittent and informal repair infrastructures based on trust relationships emerge to patch these seams in remote settings. We show how trust affects the way people dynamically construct repair infrastructure and why, based on their remoteness and the resulting value propositions of repair. Networks of trust between repairers, their clients, suppliers, fellow repairers, and certifying or training institutions crucially facilitate the movement of resources and expertise across the Philippines, but also reinforce the marginality of residents and repairers in the coves. Despite these structural challenges, local people are able to maintain a robust ecosystem for rural electrical line repair, from which we generalize the model of training grounds as a strategy for sustaining local communities of repair experts.

AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF EFFLUENT FROM THE WATER TREATMENT PLANT PINEDO TO SUSTAIN THE ALBUFERA NATURAL PARK

The aim of this research is to elaborate of the impacts on the use of the effluent of the water treatment plant Pinedo in the North of Albufera Natural Park in Valencia, Spain. Interviews and observations were conducted, which together created an Impact Assessment. To be able to see the influence of effluent on the water quality, an observation point in the north was compared to another observation point in the south. Besides that, a boat trip was made to observe the water quality on the lake. The result shows that eutrophication occurs as a cosequence of the wastewater from water treatment. Farmers have no choice and are happy to have a constant source. Fishermen have experienced a disastrous change in the seventies, but now see an improvement of the water quality. Environmentalists are most negative about the effluent inflow. The government understands the concerns and wants a higher quality of the effluent, but they do not have means to improve it. Water treatment plant Pinedo recognizes the corncerns either; however, the water quality already meets the requirements. Forecasting the future, everybody is slightly positive. The improvement of the quality of the effluent is a good thing and should carry on.

(Re)inventing a People on the Sea: Instances of Creolization in Amitav Ghosh’s Sea of Poppies

While the East India Company made huge profits from the opium trade between its Indian dominion and China in the 1830s, many people in the colony, Indians and Europeans alike, felt their future was hopeless. Ruined by the compulsory cultivation of opium to the detriment of traditional agriculture that guaranteed self-reliance, or condemned by social prejudice, men and women were left with no other option than to seek a future elsewhere. Forced to share a confined place during a lengthy boat trip to an unknown destination in the Indian Ocean, people of opposed social and cultural backgrounds had to adjust to the unwritten laws of a community formed by chance. The characters of Amitav Ghosh's historical novel, Sea of Poppies, belong to the early waves of indentured workers that traveled throughout the Indian Ocean in the hope of a less arduous future. Notwithstanding their individual fate, Ghosh’s narrative shows that the ship constitutes a transitory “society” where each one has to re-negotiate his or her relationship to diversity.

A Catalogue of Harbours in the Province of Ĝirsu/Lagaš Documented in the Administrative Texts of the Ur III Period

As is well known, boat trips on rivers and canals were an essential part of Mesopotamian economy at the end of the 3rd millennium BC; the Tigris and Euphrates, with their tributaries and canals, served as major highways in Mesopotamia. In the Ur III period, inland traffic by waterway was very extensive (more so than interregional water transport). This paper aims at highlighting ports/harbours of the province of Ĝirsu/Lagaš recorded in the administrative texts from the end of the 3rd millennium, by cataloguing the name of the places where these harbours are located.

Analyses of Visitors’ Experiences in a Natural World Heritage Site Based on TripAdvisor Reviews

Danube Delta is the second largest European delta, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and a famous paradise for nature lovers and bird watchers, which attracts increasing numbers of tourists every year. The article uses mixed methods, qualitative (i.e., narratives) and quantitative (i.e., computer) analyses, to examine the main components of visitors' subjective experiences of the Danube Delta. Data is represented by online visitor reviews, posted between 2011 and 2017 on the TripAdvisor website.The results showed that experiences of the Danube Delta are mostly positive and centered on direct contact with nature and wildlife. However, managerial aspects linked to visit organization, such as boat types, trip itinerary, duration, or food, were more prominent in the tourists’ impressions and recommendations, compared to destination attributes. Experiences of the Danube Delta are mostly passive, dominantly visual, with low visitor emotional and physical engagement. The cultural and environmental dimensions are underrepresented in people's reviews.

Environment and anthropogenic activities influence cetacean habitat use in southeastern Brazil

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 616:197-210 (2019) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12937 Environment and anthropogenic activities influence cetacean habitat use in southeastern Brazil Rodrigo H. Tardin1,2,3,*, Yongwan Chun4, Clinton N. Jenkins5, Israel S. Maciel2, Sheila M. Simão2, Maria Alice S. Alves3 1Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, Department of Ecology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil 2Laboratory of Cetacean Bioacoustics and Ecology, Department of Environmental Studies, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 23897-000, Brazil 3Department of Ecology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil 4School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA 5IPÊ - Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, Nazaré Paulista, São Paulo 12.960-000, Brazil *Corresponding author: rhtardin@gmail.com ABSTRACT: Investigating the influence of coastal development on marine environments is a priority to maintain healthy seas. Cetaceans are top predators, keystone and umbrella species and thus are good candidate models to evaluate the extent of anthropogenic impacts on coastal habitats. We employed a generalized linear model with spatial eigenvector mapping (SEV-GLM) to understand the influence of environmental and anthropogenic activities on migrant (humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae) and non-migrant (Bryde’s whale Balaenoptera brydei and common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus) cetacean habitat use off Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We hypothesized that both environmental and anthropogenic activities influence their habitat use. Data were collected during 118 boat trips between December 2010 and June 2014. The best SEV-GLM predicted humpback whales would increase linearly with distance to coast, with minimum sea surface temperature (SST) around 19.4-19.8°C and maximum SST around 25.5-26°C, with low variations in chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations. The model also predicted that humpback whales would occur up to 10 km from diving areas, increasing linearly with distance to fishing grounds. The best non-migrant cetacean SEV-GLM predicted that they would occur more frequently around depths from 30-60 m, increasing with low SST and high chl a concentration. For the anthropogenic component, the model predicted that non-migrant cetaceans would occur up to 10 km from fishing grounds. Our study modeled the influence of anthropogenic activities on cetaceans, and indicates specific priority areas for cetacean conservation, contributing at a local and national scale. KEY WORDS: Species distribution modeling · Balaenopteridae · Delphinidae · Spatial eigenvectors · Modeling · Spatial prioritization · Upwelling Full text in pdf format Supplementary material PreviousNextCite this article as: Tardin RH, Chun Y, Jenkins CN, Maciel IS, Simão SM, Alves MAS (2019) Environment and anthropogenic activities influence cetacean habitat use in southeastern Brazil. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 616:197-210. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12937 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 616. Online publication date: May 09, 2019 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2019 Inter-Research.

ВНЕСОК А. П. АЛЕКСАНДРОВА У ВИВЧЕННЯ ДНІПРОВИХ ПОРОГІВ

ВНЕСОК А. П. АЛЕКСАНДРОВА У ВИВЧЕННЯ ДНІПРОВИХ ПОРОГІВ

«Og det er ikkje vits i å seie noko» – om Jon Fosses "Eg er vinden"

I Am the Wind is one of the last works Jon Fosse wrote for theatre. The piece was first staged during the Bergen Festival in 2007. Even though it was only a few years later that Fosse declared the end of his dramatic career, his playwriting with this play is clearly moving on its way out of the theatre and into a borderland between thought and action; it manifests an extremely subjective and the physical presence in which items from Fosse’s poetry are more clearly seen. In this article, I want to read I Am the Wind primarily as a theatre piece, that is, a text written for the stage, and emphasize the use of poetic elements. The piece’s sections of dialogue revolve around existential and individual psychological questions at the boundary of the banal; it thematizes both the need and the fear of loneliness. It also deals with nature’s magical attraction to humans and with the importance of silence on several levels. The work stages the death wish of late modern humanity, and provides lyrical and language-philosophical interpretations of this, which I wish to read into the apparently simple plot of the piece.
 I Am the Wind can be described through a number of features that also characterize both earlier and later pieces of Fosse’s writing. Simply put, the play is about two people’s voyage to the open sea in a boat; one of the characters jumps overboard and commits suicide. The situation in the play takes place either in the head of the one who witnesses the suicide, or there is a meeting between the two characters after death. Either way, this is a basic situation which assumes that the expectations of a realistic stage action are to be set aside. But what is the reason why Fosse shifts his piece against a dramatic zero point? What is the purpose of reducing the stage expression to a lyrical outline that almost destroys the theatrical form? Fosse often opts for silent moments in his pieces. I Am the Wind is an infinite and enigmatic boat trip that requires us to look at the play as a landscape without being forced to define it in words: for the words disappear during the boat trip; they are taken and gone with the wind; “there is no point in saying anything.”

Decompression illness and other injuries in a recreational dive charter operation.

Health and safety within the recreational diving industry are poorly described. We aimed to obtain the true prevalence of decompression illness (DCI) and other diving and non-diving injuries, including occupational injuries, in a large recreational diving charter operation. A New Zealand recreational diving operator keeps detailed records of diving activity and event/incident reports. We extracted passenger and crew numbers, dive numbers and incident statistics from all boat trips and associated work-related injuries between 01 January 2008 and 31 December 2014. The records of divers referred to the regional hyperbaric unit for suspected DCI were reviewed retrospectively. Using these data the prevalence of DCI and non-diving injuries were calculated. There were 65,536 person-trips to sea and 57,072 divers undertook 97,144 dives. Fifty-five injury events were documented over seven years, 31 in customers and 24 in staff. Four divers (including one staff member) diagnosed with DCI underwent recompression therapy, giving a prevalence of 0.41 cases requiring recompression per 10,000 dives, or one case per 24,386 dives, whilst five other divers were assessed as not having DCI. There was one cardiac-related fatality. Thirty-five non-diving injuries (mainly lacerations and minor musculoskeletal injuries) were documented in 30 people resulting in 10 consulting a general practitioner and seven presenting to the local regional hospital emergency department. DCI requiring recompression was relatively rare in this supervised recreational diving operation. Minor non-diving injuries were the most common adverse event. Compared to other adventure sports, the prevalence of injury in recreational scuba diving is low.

24th NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION IN A COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL – 2018”: CONFERENCE REVIEW

Having already become traditional, scientific practical conference “Natural science education in a comprehensive school – 2018” took place in Šilutė, a beautiful Pajūris lowland city. On the first conference day, plenary reports and two section work took place. It was discussed about the exceptional geological exhibit importance to non-formal natural science education and about Lithuanian and Latvian student attitude to natural science disciplines and mathematics. Traditionally, methodological natural science education questions were discussed. One plenary report was made remotely. Dr. Solange W. Locatelli from Brazilian Federal ABC university shared her personal experience applying metacognitive strategies in chemistry teaching. Most conference reports were presented in the form of articles and published in the conference proceedings. One can find full texts in the database at: http://oaji.net/journal-archive-stats.html?number=1984&year=2018&issue=12477 On the initiative of Šilutė district municipality, a cognitive conference participants’ boat trip down the Nemunas river to Kuršių lagoon was organised. Conference participants had a unique possibility to get acquainted with the lagoon district, to see off the Sun, and also to taste traditional lagoon fish soup. On the second conference day, the reports were also presented. It was discussed about teaching based on researching. The main report idea was educational activity object selection and pedagogical scenarios preparation. Pilot empirical research results were presented. Natural science education organisation and improvement in a primary school was discussed. The carried-out research allows stating, that primary school teacher professional preparation in a natural education sphere remains actual. Practical work organisation is considered the most appropriate activity. The teachers try the least to satisfy / to take into consideration individual students’ differences. Though teachers are inclined to demonstrate various experiments, research activity is not dominating. Natural science education “journey” continues. 25-th conference will take place on 26-27 April 2019 in Kupiškis Povilas Matulionis progymnasium. So, from Pajūris lowland we travel to Kupiškis, which is in the outskirts of eastern middle Lithuania lowland and in which the Kupa river flows through the centre of the city. Key words: national conference, science education, science and technological education movement.

A summer wave of vertebral fractures: the "deck-slap" injury.

Every summer, several patients who suffer from vertebral fractures are hospitalized at the Sainte-Anne Military Hospital after going on a boat trip around the French Riviera. The uniqueness of these fractures lies in their mechanism of injury, called the "deck-slap" injury. The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of the "deck-slap" injury. The data of 26 vertebral fractures that occurred during boat trips between January 2010 and September 2017 were collected and analyzed. The mechanism of injury observed was similar for every patient. Patients sitting on the front of the boat, or bow, (77% of cases, n= 20); patients being on a rigid-inflatable boat (65% of cases, n= 17); and when the sea state was calm (62% of cases, n= 16). The patients were bounced up in the air because of a strong wave and landed in a sitting position. The affected population was young (mean age of 42.5years) and women were the main victims (sex ratio of 0.3). The lesion topography was found near the thoracolumbar junction in each case. It was always a vertebral body compression. Twenty-three percent of them (n= 6) suffered from neurologic complications. This type of fractures, frequently encountered during the summer, has not previously been described in the literature, yet is a relevant cause of hospital admissions to the emergency departments of the south of France. A better knowledge of this mechanism would provide a more efficient approach to prevention measures that should be imposed to potential boat passengers.

A historical perspective on the life cycle of a tourist activity: dolphin watching in Brazil’s Fernando de Noronha archipelago

In Brazil, the whale watching is practiced with different species, such as whales, dolphins, and porpoises. This activity facilitates the growth of the economic activities of communities in many regions of the country, and it may be a tool for awareness about the marine preservation and conservation. Moreover, the whale watching also impacts native species. Fernando de Noronha (FN) is a worldwide watching tourism site due to the time of the development of watching activities in the region and the ease to watch cetaceans, mainly the spinner dolphin ( Stenella longirostris ). The history of dolphin watching tourism in FN was developed concomitantly with the tourism destination of the archipelago as a whole. The aim of this study was to characterize the dolphin watching in FN by considering the development, supply and demand, laws and future perspectives of the region. We also aim to identify the main events or stages that promoted a more significant change throughout the history of the activity in the archipelago. Additionally, we will investigate the applicability of the “Tourism Area Life Cycle” (TALC) approach for a tourism activity. We observed that both land-based and boat-based (boat trips) are available in FN. The boat trips are more common and involve the triple of tourists than land-based watching. However, the last provides more informative and educational component. Through TALC analysis, dolphin watching in FN had its development together with the destination development and, currently, both areas present stagnation stage indicators. In addition, the land-based watching, for being less impacting and more educative, has potential to increase the visitation.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Using Time‐Lapse Cameras to Assess Angling Use: An Example from a High‐Use Metropolitan Reservoir in Arizona

AbstractCreel surveys are the most common angler use survey used by fisheries managers but can be time intensive and expensive to conduct. Time‐lapse cameras have been evaluated as a cost‐efficient alternative to creel surveys on small lakes, streams, and nearshore marine systems but have yet to be evaluated on a reservoir. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of using time‐lapse cameras to assess angling use on a high‐use reservoir and provide methodology for use by fisheries managers. One time‐lapse trail camera was installed at a heavily used boat ramp at Lake Pleasant, a large reservoir located near Phoenix, Arizona, from December 2015 to May 2016. A single observer counted fishing and recreational boats and tracked individual fishing boat trips using a randomized schedule. Camera data were first validated against creel counts conducted in person, and subsequent corrected counts were used to estimate both angling and boating use for the study period. Camera counts were easily corrected using the validation approach and were more cost effective than traditional creel survey methods. Overall, we found that time‐lapse cameras can efficiently and accurately collect angler use data on a high‐use reservoir and thus provide a useful alternative to stand‐alone creel surveys.Creel surveys are the most common angler use survey used by fisheries managers but can be time intensive and expensive to conduct. Time‐lapse cameras have been evaluated as a cost‐efficient alternative to creel surveys on small lakes, streams, and nearshore marine systems but have yet to be evaluated on a reservoir. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of using time‐lapse cameras to assess angling use on a high‐use reservoir and provide methodology for use by fisheries managers. One time‐lapse trail camera was installed at a heavily used boat ramp at Lake Pleasant, a large reservoir located near Phoenix, Arizona, from December 2015 to May 2016. A single observer counted fishing and recreational boats and tracked individual fishing boat trips using a randomized schedule. Camera data were first validated against creel counts conducted in person, and subsequent corrected counts were used to estimate both angling and boating use for the study period. Camera counts were easily corrected using the validation approach and were more cost effective than traditional creel survey methods. Overall, we found that time‐lapse cameras can efficiently and accurately collect angler use data on a high‐use reservoir and thus provide a useful alternative to stand‐alone creel surveys.

The Economic Value of Changes in Harvest Regulations to Anglers on Charter and Private Boat Trips: Results from a Choice Experiment Survey in Southeastern U.S. Waters

The Economic Value of Changes in Harvest Regulations to Anglers on Charter and Private Boat Trips: Results from a Choice Experiment Survey in Southeastern U.S. Waters

Informing management strategies for a reserve: Results from a discrete choice experiment survey

It is well-known that operating within the boundaries of a national park provides commercial actors with the opportunity to charge a price premium, though this has to a lesser degree been demonstrated for marine protected areas. We estimate national tourists' willingness-to-pay a price premium for boat trips in the Nha Trang Bay Marine Protected Are, Vietnam, using a discrete choice experiment. Our results show that tourists are willing to pay an average price premium of 18 USD per trip for a large improvement in environmental quality, and that avoiding the loss of jobs for local fishermen is of minor importance. Furthermore, the economic benefits generated from management scenarios that combine biodiversity restoration and environmental quality improvement within the reserve sufficient to cover additional costs of such improvements.

Group structure of Guiana dolphins, Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea, Delphinidae) in Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil

Cetaceans present a group structure of great complexity and display a wide behavioral plasticity. Many efforts have been made to understand the group structures of the various species, however, this type of information is still lacking for some species. Therefore, our objectives were to 1) characterize the structure of the Sotalia guianensis groups in Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and 2) investigate how both behavior and season influence the group structure of this population. This species is considered “data deficient” by the IUCN. We conducted 28 boat trips using group focal procedures, and a total of 1,314 groups were observed. Of these groups, 1,268 (94.4%) contained calves, the largest percentage ever reported for the species. Groups with calves were larger than those without them, suggesting a strategy to protect these individuals with underdeveloped physiology. The mean group sizes reached 17.6 ± 18.3 individuals. Within these groups, we observed that both behavior (H = 112.5, d.f. = 2, P < 0.05) and season (number of simulations: 10,000; sample size of fall-winter = 544; sample size of spring-summer = 684; P < 0.05), demonstrated a statistically significant influence. The most common degree of cohesion was mixed, and cohesion also varied with behavior (χ² = 10.1, P < 0.05) and season (χ² = 31.0, P < 0.05). This paper contributes towards understanding the highly variable nature of S. guianensis group dynamics. These data may be important in understanding the structure of groups in a site that is being increasingly impacted by different human activities. Moreover, this area contains the largest aggregation ever observed for this species and may therefore represent an important source of genetic diversity for the species as a whole.

Hutton’s Great Unconformity at Siccar Point, Scotland: Where deep time was revealed and uniformitarianism conceived

The classic angular unconformity at Siccar Point became a landmark location in the history of geology after a boat trip to the site by James Hutton and his colleagues Professor John Playfair and Sir James Hall in 1788. Hutton successfully used the unconformity to support his view that the Earth’s landforms and geological record resulted from uniform natural processes such as sedimentation, uplift, erosion, and renewed sedimentation through deep geologic time. At Siccar Point, gently dipping Devonian fluviatile Old Red Sandstones unconformably onlap vertical Silurian deep-water greywackes (schistus) to produce the most classic of angular unconformities that remains a must-see outcrop for geologists to this day. The relevance of this outcrop for the petroleum geologist is that it provides the opportunity to view an end-member stratal relationship in the continuum of unconformable surfaces (i.e., angular unconformity, disconformity, paraconformity, correlative conformity). The locality also aids the visualization of geometries relevant to unconformity (subcrop) traps and to onlap and pinchout (supracrop)–type traps. Although most Scottish geoscientists will have seen this outcrop in their student days, as a teaching aid to illustrate basic principles, a trip later in life can remind us of the importance of the site in a historical geology context. The location continues to inspire and instills a sense of duty in us, as scholars of the Earth’s formation, to communicate and share the principles of deep time with those who have not had the privilege of an education that included the fundamentals of geology.