Boat Owners Research Articles

Daha: “Chasing More Hope, Questing More Humanity”

The 2018 Turkish film Daha, inspired by Hakan Günday's novel and directed by Onur Saylak, deals with the experiences of immigrants during border crossings and the migrant smuggling networks through the father and son relationship. It is the second film directed by Saylak, one of the most well-known actors in Turkey. Saylak explains that he directed this film with the motivation that cinema should teach people and the aim that makes the audience consider the topic of the film. Daha takes place in Kandalı, a fictional town on the Aegean coast of Turkey where migrant smuggling is intense. It indicates the journey of the migrant smuggled by sea, and presents the migrant smuggling networks and the actors who have different roles in this network: the smuggler, the leader of the safe house, and the boat owners. Ahad, the smuggler, and his 14 years-old son Gaza, the leader of the safe house, are the starring of the film. The plot of the film is presented from Gaza's perspective and narration. The text "the first tool used by a human is another person" reflected on the screen at the beginning of the film draws attention to migrant smuggling.

Legalitas Retribusi Angkutan Laut Speed Boat Letti-Moa dan Lakor-Moa oleh Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya

People has the right to receive services in the field of sea transportation, protection and legal certainty in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, so that the Regional Government stipulates Regional Regulation of Southwest Maluku Regency Number 7 of 2013 concerning Regional Retribution. This research used normative legal research. The results showed that Articles 87 to 92 of the Regional Regulation of Southwest Maluku Regency Number 7 of 2013 concerning Regional Retribution regulate Port Service Retribution and the party collecting the Levy that port service users must be provided with strong and sustainable services. The Levy against Speed Boad Owners of the Letti – Moa and Lakor – Moa routes is not facilitated with facilities and infrastructure in accordance with national shipping standards, resulting in harm to the community. The imposition of Speed Boad transportation service rates set by Speed Boat owners is not based on the provisions of valid laws and regulations. In terms of regional revenue, the authority to collect levies carried out by KPLP is contrary to Regional Regulations of Southwest Maluku Regency Number 7 of 2013 concerning Regional Retribution.

COVID-19, Politico-Economic Crises and the Precarity of Actors in the Tourism Industry in Kariba Resort Town, C 2000–2021

The tourism industry sustains the economies of many nations across the globe through contributing to the Gross Domestic Products (GDP); creation of employment and infrastructure development. However, its sustainability is vulnerable to various temporal and spatial environmental, socio-economic and political events. In the Zimbabwe case, the politico-economic crises of the 2000s and the COVID-19 pandemic have variedly impacted on the prevalence of tourism with the actors (such as employees, tourists and recreational facility owners) involved in this industry having been seriously impacted. Using the precarity conceptual framework, this article critically analyses the impact of the politico-economic crises induced by the Fast Track Land Reform Programme of the early 2000s and the COVID-19 pandemic on the actors involved in tourism. Information regarding the impact of the political crises and COVID-19 pandemic on tourism in Kariba town is missing in the literature, yet Kariba is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Zimbabwe and Southern Africa. The article discusses the precarity of these tourism actors in the context of the politico-economic crises as well as the COVID-19 pandemic. We define ‘precarity’ as a condition of vulnerability and uncertainty. Our results indicate that for employees, these factors have resulted in uncertainty in the tourism business with some shutting down and others scaling down their operations resulting in redundancy and vulnerability of the workers. For tourists, the successive lockdowns and surge in COVID-19 cases in Zimbabwe resulted in (re)booking and (re)cancellation of bookings; the politico-economic crises resulted in fear among the potential clients and a drop in the number of international tourists. The recreational and accommodation service operators have had the challenge of making food (and other resources) orders for trips that are eventually cancelled due to the surge in the COVID-19 cases. The article draws from data gathered in 2021 through face-to-face interviews with different stakeholders in the tourism industry including employees, hotel and boat owners, Zimbabwe Tourism Authority officials and local politicians in Kariba resort town.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN PROPORSI BAGI HASIL NELAYAN PURSE SEINE BERDASARKAN KAPASITAS KAPAL DI DESA BALIMU KECAMATAN LASALIMU SELATAN KABUPATEN BUTON

This study aims to determine how much income the fishermen who own the purse seine fishing gear and the profit sharing system get based on the capacity of the ship. This study used a census method with 6 respondents and was carried out in Balimu Village, Lasalimu Selatan District, Buton Regency during the period November 2020. The types of data used were primary data and secondary data. Data were collected using interview techniques, questionnaires, documentation and literature study. The data obtained were analyzed using Revenue analysis (TR = PQ), Cost Analysis (TC = TFC.TVC), Income Analysis (π = TR - TC), and Profit Sharing System Analysis (π = Profit (Rp). The results showed that the highest level was obtained by Mr. Safaria, namely Rp. 500,126,880, while the smallest income was obtained by Mr. Hasanuddin, which was Rp. 128,728,827. The profit sharing system treated by fishermen who owned the purse seine was divided by 50:50, meaning the boat owner. get 50% profit from previous income and 50% for ABK. Keywords: Buton Regency; Purse Seine; Income

PEMANFAATAN TRANSPORTASI LAUT TRADISIONAL DALAM MENUNJANG AKTIVITAS MASYARAKAT

This study aims to determine the Utilization of Traditional Sea Transportation in supporting community activities in Ponelo Kepulauan District, North Gorontalo Regency. With a focus on research namely availability, affordability, and security. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive research type. Data collection techniques used are: observation techniques, interviews and recording of secondary data. The results of the study show that seen from the aspect of availability, it is still lacking or not yet supportive. Because the number of traditional sea transportation owned by the community is still limited, and there are still many traditional sea transportation that do not use engines as a propulsion device. Judging from the affordability aspect, it is still lacking or not yet supportive. Because there are still some people who use traditional sea transportation complain about the amount of payment set by boat owners or traditional sea transportation. Because the costs or tariffs are very high and burdensome for users of traditional sea transportation. Judging from the security aspect, it is still lacking or not yet supported. Due to the condition of the boat used for traditional sea transportation in the Ponelo Islands, it is less comfortable and very worrying for the user community. So it can be concluded that sea transportation in supporting community activities is not sufficient so that an increase in the transportation fleet becomes the security and safety of the community. Therefore, the government's attention is also needed to assist the community in procuring adequate means of transportation.

PROBLEMS FACED BY SMALL SCALE FISHING COMMUNITY IN ODISHA

The present study is an attempt to understand the problems and issues faced by the fishing community in Kendrapara district of Odisha. The study mainly focused on the reasons behind their deprivation and poor condition. The data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The fishermen are mainly dependent on fishing as their only source of livelihood. The fishermen have various problems faced in their daily life cycle. So, they are mostly from merchants where the interest rate is high and they become poor. The food, poor healthcare, poor sanitation, and increased intake of alcohol were found to be the major issues. The most important thing changing the climate is seasonal unemployment. We all know fishermen are in the domain of economic and social backward sector of society. The majority of the fishermen do not have their boats. The majority of them work as daily wage labor. Consequently, the absolute benefits of fishing are enjoyed by rich boat owners instead of the daily waged fishermen.

Status of the Fishery in Mount Lavinia, Colombo, Sri Lanka

Mount Lavina has become popular due to its unique ecological and recreational qualities which is a limited resource within the Colombo Metropolitan Area. But it also consists of a small fisher community. However the scale of this community is still unknown. Therefore this project was initiated to analyze and review the status of the fisher community in the area. The study was conducted for a 4 month period in weekly intervals. Sociological survey was conducted to assess the status of fishery while separate study conducted to identify the Bycatch species of beach seine fishery. According to the results, there were a total 160 fishermen and 60 boats. Four different mesh sizes were used and almost half of the fishermen used 6 mm size. The main targeted species were squids, Caranx spp., Tuna spp., rock fishes and lobsters which depend on the season and the type of the net. According to statistics, the daily salary ranged between Rs.500-15,000. Crew members were paid by the boat owner and it deepened on the amount of catch and fuel prices. For the non-working days crew members rely on other part time jobs. There were three traditional beach seines operated in the area only in specific seasons (September-January). Study identified 52 species caught in the beach seine fishery. Among them, 27 were Bycatch species. Most Bycatch species were puffers, sharks and rays by weight. Most of them were discarded while others were sold to dry fish markets. Moreover turtles and jellyfishes were recorded as non-fish Bycatch. The study is being continued as a long-term by-catch study to evaluate the intensity of the Bycatch in traditional fishery
 Keywords: Bycatch, Caranx species, Beach seine, Sociology survey, Sri Lanka

Impacts, Diversity, and Resilience of a Coastal Water Small-Scale Fisheries Nexus during COVID-19: A Case Study in Bangladesh

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected many world regions’ coastal social-ecological systems (SESs). Its extensive consequences have exposed flaws in numerous facets of society, including small-scale coastal fisheries in developing countries. To this extent, by focusing on two coastal districts in Bangladesh, namely Chittagong and Cox’s Bazar, we investigated how the lockdown during COVID-19 impacted small-scale coastal fishers in Bangladesh and which immediate measures are required to develop and implement insights, on the role of the scale of governance attributes, in facilitating or impeding the resilience of small-scale fisheries (SSFs). We analyzed both qualitative and quantitative data obtained through semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews (n = 120). Data were further validated using two focus group discussions in the study areas. The impact of the pandemic on the fishers’ livelihood included halting all kinds of fishing activities; limited time or area for fishing; livelihood relocation or alternative work; low fish price; fewer fish buyers, causing difficulty in selling; and travel or free-movement restrictions. Additionally, the study discovered several coping skills and found that the most prevalent coping strategy against the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic was to take out loans (48%) from different organizations and NGOs and borrow money from relatives, neighbors, friends, or boat owners. Finally, the current research analysis identified possible recommendations to enhance the resilience of coastal fishers during COVID-19, emphasizing arrangements that should be made to provide alternative livelihood opportunities for coastal fishermen via need-based training, technical and vocational education and training, and microcredit to keep them afloat and earning during the pandemic, not relying only on fishing.

Ekonomik etkinliğin belirlenmesi: Güney Karadeniz’deki deniz salyangozu (Rapana venosa) avcılığına (balıkçılığına) ilişkin bir çalışma

The inevitable increase in the numerical and technological capacity of fishing fleets in developed and developing countries has major implications for the management and distribution of limited natural resource capacity, as well as the ecological and socio-economic sustainability of fisheries. It is important to determine these effects to make the right decisions in fisheries management. This study aims to assess the fishing capacity, technical efficiency, scale efficiency, and capacity use in a specific subset of Rapa whelk fishers, those in Turkey's Black Sea. Economically efficient and inefficient boats were also compared in the study. The data obtained through face-to-face interviews with 452 boat owners constitute the main data of the study. Data were collected about the economic efficiency of the boats for one year. While economic efficiency ranged between 0.27 and 1, the average value was found to be 0.60. It was concluded that the age of the owner, the education period, and the length of the fishing boat positively affected economic efficiency (p<0.05). In the boats studied, technical efficiency scores were greater than economic efficiency scores. This suggests that rather than technical information, fishers require information on selecting the optimum input combination at the data cost level.

Tradisi Makkuliwa Lopi Pada Masyarakat Mandar Balanipa Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam

The focus of the research discussion is on: The history of the makkuliwa lopi tradition in the Mandar Mandar community in the Balanipa District, Polewali Mandar Regency, the process of implementing the makkuliwa lopi tradition in the Balanipa Mandar community, Polewali Mandar Regency and the perspective of Islamic law in the makkuliwa lopi tradition in the Balanipa Mandar community, Polewali Mandar Regency. This study shows that fishing traditions such as makkuliwa lopi by the Mandar Majene community have the intent and purpose of celebrating the new boat and asking for prayers for safety and blessings for the boat. The implementation of the tradition can take place at any time but the time and its implementation still take into account the time and day that are considered good. The perpetrators of this tradition are boat owners, local priests, boat builders and mustard (captain) boats. The implication of this research is that Mandar fishing traditions such as makkuliwa lopi need to be maintained and get more attention from the younger generation in order to know the diversity of local wisdom

Attitudes and Perceptions of Recreational Boat Owners on Waste Management Processes: A Case Study of Chichester Harbour, United Kingdom

The paper analyses the current Port Waste Management Plan (PWMP) of Chichester Harbour, United Kingdom. The perceptions and attitudes of recreational boat owners on the waste management process in the Harbour were examined using a web-based survey and a selected semi-structured interview by examining their demographics, vessel choice, and perception of the effectiveness of the PWMP in managing Harbour waste. Our findings revealed that boat owners had little or no awareness of what the PWMP is all about. In addition, they have limited use of the waste reception facilities made accessible by the Harbour despite knowing most of the Harbour’s Environmental Designated Areas (EDAs). Education on the purpose of the PWMP increased publicity and the availability of more affordable pump-out facilities are critical for improving waste management and developing best practices in the Harbour. The research bridged a knowledge gap regarding the perception of the waste management process in Chichester Harbour.

Socio-Economic Systems Response to Upwelling Variability in Small-Scale Fisheries: The Case of a Beach Seine Fishery in Ghana

The paper examines how variability in sea surface temperature and upwelling influenced fish catch in a small-scale beach seine fishery for nearly two years (covering two major seasons, a minor season and an off season), and how socio-cultural agreement on profit sharing further dictated disproportionate disparities in income of boat or net owners (considered as “employers”) and their fishing crew (“employees”). In this fishery, half of the total profit is allocated to the net owner and the remaining half shared among the crew. The year with higher sea surface temperature and weak upwelling intensity recorded lower fish catch and lower profits, which further worsened the economic plight of the fishermen. Crew earned less than Ghana’s national monthly minimum wage of GH¢ 120.96 (≈US$65.0) in 2012, and GH¢ 141.48 (≈US$75.8) in 2013 for most months in the two years. A net owner generally had more than 25 times the earning of a crew. Results are discussed within the broader contexts of socio-economic plight of small-scale fishers in the face of climate-induced weakening upwelling intensity and declining fish catches. Policy interventions for ensuring economic safety nets for small-scale fishermen in the country including a pension scheme for the fishers are proposed.

KELAYAKAN DAN KEADILAN DALAM PENETAPAN UPAH NELAYAN KAPAL PUKAT LANGGAR KUALA LANGSA DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF ETIKA BISNIS ISLAM

Wages are a form of income as a reward given by the owner of the boat to fishermen for services that have been provided. Wages serve as a guarantee for the survival of fishermen so that boat owners must provide wages in accordance with their work and fishermen must work according to the agreement. The problem occurs if there is no written work agreement regarding the determination of wages, so that if the policy in work activities is fully controlled by the handler, the handler may act fraudulently in setting wages and also in taking an action such as unilaterally terminating the job without the ship owner’s knowledge. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility and fairness in determining the wages of fishing trawlers in Kuala Langsa and to find out the views in Islamic Business Ethics. This type of research is a field study (field research) with descriptive qualitative research methods. Primary data were obtained from interviews with boat owners and fishermen in 5 trawler businesses in Kuala Langsa, while secondary data were obtained through books, scientific papers and documents used to answer problems in research. The researcher concludes that the determination of wages for fishing trawlers in Kuala Langsa is not against Islamic Business Ethics because there is willingness from each party and the fish income obtained is also calculated in a transparent manner. In this case, the fishermen don’t feel wronged because each party receives a legal wage according to the level of their work without being wrongful to the other and the rights and obligations of each party (boat owners and fishermans) have been fulfilled

Visitors’ perception when participating in a poorly planned ecotourism activity: the case of dolphin watching in Northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT The present study aimed at assessing the environmental perception of tourists about the impacts of an onboard excursion into nature, referred as an ecotourism activity. We interviewed 347 tourists after they attended a dolphin-watching activity at the Pipa Beach located within a protected area in Northeastern Brazil. We gathered socioeconomic information, such as gender, age, income, and schooling as well as tourists’ perceptions about positive or negative impacts of the excursion, and the knowledge obtained. Of the total of interviewees, 47% identified the activity could bring negative impacts on the environment. This pattern reflects tourists’ inability to detect the environmental impacts their practices can cause. Presumably, the lack of environmental education during the excursion in our study site helped maintaining a misleading perception. We strongly recommend an educational project that firstly aims at the boat owners and employees to inform them about the impacts of the excursion. Secondly, it seems of foremost importance the implementation of an educational program for tourists that attend the excursion in order to raise their environmental awareness and perception.

Gender participation in fisheries for sustainable livelihood in the coastal region of Ondo State, Nigeria

This study examined gender participation in fisheries and sustainable livelihood in the coastal areas of Ondo State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the respondents and the study area. Data were collected from 100 fisher folks from Ilaje and Ese-Odo Local Government Areas (LGAs), using a well-structured questionnaire and interview schedule. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Kruskal Wallis test (KWt) was used to determine the level of livelihood diversification among the fisher folks. The most prominent roles of men in the study area are fishing both offshore and inshore (66%), boat owners (61%), and gear preparation (56%). On the other hand, the participation of women in fisheries is mostly sorting of fish caught (81%), salting for processing (79%), washing of fish and fishing gears (69%), and smoking (66%). Women also dominate fish distribution and marketing activities which include transporting of fish from home to the market place, display and bargaining. The result of the Kruskal Wallis test (KWt) revealed that the main occupation of the different groups is fishing, where the married class was the most predominant group. For gender, fishing remains the most engaged main occupation with more male than female at 0.01 level of significance.
 Key words: Sustainable Livelihood, Fisheries and Gender

Benefit sharing from whale shark tourism in Botubarani, Gorontalo and Labuhan Jambu, Teluk Saleh

Whale shark tourism is a growing industry in the world. This study aimed to determine the benefits local people earn from whale shark tourism at two sites in Indonesia, Botubarani in Gorontalo Province and Labuhan Jambu, Teluk Saleh, Nusa Tenggara Barat Province. This study involved dive centres, fishermen, community tourism groups, village enterprises (BUMDES), home stay owners, car rental companies, boat owners, lift net owners, snorkelling equipment rental businesses and ecotourism operators. In Botubarani, dive centres sold whale shark watching dive trips for US$42.3/pax, and snorkelling trips for US$23/pax, of which, US$4.6 and US$2.7 went to the Pokdarwis, and US$33.5 to the dive centre. For nondivers, trips cost US$11.5, of which US$1.5 was for whale shark bait, US$1.5 went to the Pokdarwis, and US$4.6 to fishermen. Whale shark watchers in Labuhan Jambu paid US$211.5-US$270 to ecotourism operators plus US$7.7/pax to the BUMDES. From that money, US$119 was paid to lift net owners, US$42 to boat operators, and US$19.2-US$76.9 to ecotourism operators. On average, car rental companies received US$46.1, home stays received US$7.6, and US$11.5 was paid for rental equipment.

Politics of vulnerability: Impacts of COVID-19 and Cyclone Harold on Indo-Fijians engaged in small-scale fisheries

The global COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the shortcomings of our health, social, and economic systems. While responding to the health crisis, governments are scrambling to understand and address the knock-on economic effects from market disruptions, and respond to other major disturbances (e.g. natural disasters). We conducted 61 key informant interviews with Indo-Fijian small-scale fisheries (SSF) actors (i.e. fishers, boat owners (that may or may not fish), crew members, and traders) in May 2020, two months after Fiji got its first case of COVID-19 and a month after Cyclone Harold hit the country. We examined how these SSF groups whose access to resources depends on their ability to navigate existing social relations of power, have lived through, experienced, and responded to the two stresses. We found the main impact of COVID-19 on SSF actors was the reduction in sales of fish (73.8 % of respondents) likely a result of reduction in local consumption and/or the loss of tourism markets. Loss of purchasing power meant almost a fifth of Indo-Fijian SSF actors interviewed (comprising 44.4 % of crew members, 16.4 % fishers, 11.5 % boat owners, 8.3 % traders) were unable to obtain sufficient food to meet their families’ daily needs. Many of these SSF actors do not have access to social security or similar safety nets leaving them vulnerable to the current crisis as well as to other shocks and changes. Furthermore, social inequities and power relations surrounding access to fisheries resources and government aid contributed to their vulnerability to economic stresses from COVID-19 and a severe cyclone. An understanding of early impacts of COVID-19 on SSF through an intersectional lens can assist decision-makers to quickly mobilise assistance to help people who are most vulnerable, and avoid widening inequities among social groups.

A cross-sectional study to identify the determinants of non-communicable diseases among fishermen in Southern India

BackgroundIndia is currently facing a rising epidemic of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Identification of modifiable risk factors is of paramount importance to curb this menace. Fishermen are one of the most vulnerable occupational groups with unique characteristics that make them prone to acquire NCDs, as a significant share of their life is spent at sea. Hence, this study was planned to ascertain the burden of NCDs, determine various risk factors of NCDs, and measure the association between risk factors and NCDs among fishermen of Coastal Karnataka in South India.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 681 fishermen aged 18 years and above as per the semi-structured interview schedule for two years (2017–2019). A convenience sampling strategy was adopted. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS v.15.0. The results were described in terms of proportions and their 95% confidence intervals. Continuous data were summarized using the mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range depending on the skewness of data. Chi-square test was used to study the association between NCDs and modifiable risk factors. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors of NCDs.ResultsThe mean (SD) age of the population was 42.5 (SD 12.5) years. The mean years involved in fishing was 19.8 years (SD 10.9). More than half (59.5%) of the study participants had severe stress and most (80.3%) were ever substance users. Advancing age, not being able to contact family while at sea, poor dietary practice, ever substance use, increasing waist circumference were significant correlates of NCDs.ConclusionsThe commonly prevalent risk factors of NCDs among fishermen included poor dietary practice, higher stress levels, substance use, increasing waist circumference, and inability to contact with family while at sea. Hypertension and Diabetes were the two common NCDs in the study population. There is a need for immediate attention in managing NCDs’ risk factors by promoting a healthy lifestyle by primary health care providers through a sustainable community awareness program targeting fishermen at a convenient time and location, either at the sea-port or meeting places. Harmful effects of substance use, healthy dietary practices, and the importance of physical activity outside their job need emphasis. In addition, screening programs should be organized with the help of boat owners and fishing associations at-least once a year to pick up NCDs at an early stage.

ANALISIS BAGI HASIL TANGKAP IKAN PADA NELAYAN DI PULAU BAAI KOTA BENGKULU

This research aims to determine the mudharabah profit sharing system for fishermen in the Kampung Melayu sub-district, Bengkulu City. The data used are primary data from 95 selected samples. The profit sharing system for the mudharabah muqayyah carried out by boat owners and fishermen is 4 (four) types, namely 50 percent share for boat owners 50 percent fishermen, 60 percent share for boat owners 40 percent share for fishermen, 30 percent share for boat owners 70 percent for fishermen, and labor fishermen who are paid a daily wage of Rp. 70.00 per day. The profit sharing system used is profit and loss sharing, none of which uses revenue sharing. The impact of the sharing system for 50 percent of boat owners and 50 percent of fishermen is more profitable for fishermen than other systems.

Marine Transportation Errors to Support the Flow of Goods and People

This study aims to determine the role of marine transportation in supporting the flow of goods and people in Maligano District, Muna Regency. Seven informants were used in this study, consisting of: the Maligano sub-district head (key informant); two traders; two farmers; and two boat owners. Data analysis involved the descriptive analysis method. The results led the researchers to conclude that the construction of the port and the procurement of KM Rembulan and speed boats played a role in increasing the number of traders and other individuals involved in economic activities around the port, resulting in increased community income, higher flows of goods and people, and an increase in the quantity and type of goods transported via the Maligano-Raha route.
 Keywords: Sea Transportation, Flow of Goods, People