Boat Building Research Articles

Subterranean Maritime Archaeology in Sigtuna, Sweden: excavated evidence of Viking Age boat building and repair

International Journal of Nautical ArchaeologyVolume 42, Issue 1 p. 196-204 Note Subterranean Maritime Archaeology in Sigtuna, Sweden: excavated evidence of Viking Age boat building and repair Rune Edberg, Rune Edberg rune.edberg@yahoo.se Svartbäcksgatan 108 A, S–753 35 Uppsala, SwedenSearch for more papers by this author Rune Edberg, Rune Edberg rune.edberg@yahoo.se Svartbäcksgatan 108 A, S–753 35 Uppsala, SwedenSearch for more papers by this author First published: 04 February 2013 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.2012.00366.xCitations: 2Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume42, Issue1March 2013Pages 196-204 RelatedInformation

Obliterative bronchiolitis in fibreglass workers: a new occupational disease?

Rationale and objectivesObliterative bronchiolitis (OB) is a rare disease with a small number of established occupational aetiologies. We describe a case series of severe OB in workers making glass-reinforced plastics.MethodsWorkplace...

폴리에틸렌 플레저 보트의 구조설계에 관한 연구

Boat or yacht hulls are mainly built using FRP composite materials. FRP boat hull manufacturing has been restricted since 2000 under international regulations on ocean environment safety. FRP composite materials cannot be recycled and require more than 100 years to biodegrade. Therefore, alternatives to FRP have been proposed by many boat builders. Steel, aluminum, and FRP are commonly used as boat hull materials. Their design specifications are proposed as Korean register of shipping. However, the design specifications for inexpensive materials for a small boat have not yet been studied. Small shipbuilders manufacture and sell HDPE canoes or HDPE kayaks. In this study, a hull form was designed based on actual boats. The thickness of an HDPE boat hull was determined based on ISO 12215-5 structural design specifications.

Occupational skin disease—findings of a two years study in Auckland

BackgroundOccupational skin disease (dermatitis) is one of the most widespread causes of discomfort and ill-health at work. Chronic dermatitis can make working impossible and causes workers to lose their jobs.AimThe...

Metal pollution and ecological risk assessment in marine sediments of Karachi Coast, Pakistan

Concentrations of 12 metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, U, V, Zn, and Zr) in surface sediments of Karachi Coast, Pakistan were determined to evaluate their distribution and pollution assessment. The measured metals in the sediments were found to be in the range of Fe, 0.84-6.96 %; Mn, 300-1,300 μg/g; Cr, 12.0-319.84 μg/g; Mo, 0.49-2.03 μg/g; Ni, 1.53-58.86 μg/g; Pb, 9.0-49.46 μg/g; Se, 0.25-.86 μg/g; Sr, 192-1185 μg/g; U, 0.19-1.66 μg/g; V, 15.80-118.20 μg/g; Zn, 15.60-666.28 μg/g; and Zr, 44.02-175.26 μg/g. The mean contents of the metal studied were: Fe, 3.07 %, Mn, 0.05 %; Cr, 96.75 μg/g; Mo, 1.34 μg/g; Ni, 31.39 μg/g; Pb, 23.24 μg/g; Se, 0.61 μg/g; Sr, 374.83 μg/g; U, 0.64 μg/g; V, 61.75 μg/g; Zn, 204.75 μg/g; and Zr:76.27 μg/g, and arrangement of the metals from higher to lower mean content in this area is: Fe > Zn > Mn > Sr > Zn > Cr > Zr > V > Ni > Pb > Mo > U > Se. There is no significant correlation among most of these metals, indicating different anthropogenic and natural sources. To assess ecotoxic potential of marine sediments, Numerical Sediment Quality Guidelines were also applied. The concentration of Pb in all the sediments except one was lower than the threshold effect concentration (TECs) showing that there are no harmful effects to marine life from Pb. On the other hand, the concentrations of Cr, Ni, and Zn exceeded TEC in three stations, indicating their potential risk. The degree of pollution in sediments for metals was assessed by calculating enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index (PLI). The results indicated that sediments of Layari River Mouth Area, Fish Harbour, and KPT Boat Building Area are highly enriched with Cr and Zn (EF > 5). Sediments of Layari River Outfall Zone were moderately enriched with Ni and Pb (EF > 2). The pollution load index was found in the range of 0.98 to 1.34. Lower values of PLI (≤ 1) at most of sampling locations imply no appreciable input from anthropogenic sources. However, relatively higher PLI values (>1) at Layari River Mouth Area, Fish Harbour, and KPT Boat Building Area are attributed to increased human activity in the area.

파라메트릭 설계법에 의한 파워보트 설계를 위한 연구

The hull form design technique for high speed power boat based on the parametric design method is presented in this paper. While the design methods of conventional vessels that are currently in use have been well developed in various aspects from existing database. However, an easy and simple design program for high speed power boats needs to be provided for the relatively small boat builders who are in lack of experience and skilled manpower. This paper presents a parametric design technique which is aimed to provide an easier creation of a new model by inputting several parameters, such as angles and lengths, which correlate with hydrodynamics characteristic for high speed boats. The paper also introduces the prototype program developed to design power boat with parametric design technique.

Collaborating on composite craft

The demand for bigger, faster boats and the continued evolution of composites materials means than boat building today is very different from the way it was in its infancy three decades ago. Freelance journalist George Marsh visits Green Marine to see the state of the art in composites boat building and learns how a long-term partnership between boat builder and materials supplier brings big benefits.

The chemical constituents of calabash (Crescentia cujete)

Virtually, all parts of the calabash ( Crescentia cujete ) tree have been found to be useful; the wood for tool handles, ribs in boat building, cattle yokes, and the gourd is used for cups, containers and musical instruments. The calabash ( C. cujete ) fruit was studied for its chemical constituents- proximate and mineral composition as well as phytochemical properties. The sugar content, energy content, electrical conductivity and pH of the fruit were also determined. The value of the fat, protein, nitrogen, crude fibre, moisture content, sucrose, fructose, galactose and energy content are quite high viz; 1.13, 8.35, 1.34, 4.28, 84.92, 59.86, 25.09, 18.24 and 88.69%, respectively. The pH of the fruit falls within the acidic range (4.80) and the mean value recorded for the electrical conductivity was 163.24 μS/cm. The results obtained for the mineral elements show that sodium and phosphorus have high mean concentrations, while low mean concentrations were recorded for others. Also, the results show relatively low mean concentrations for the heavy metals; but high mean concentrations for manganese, iron, zinc and copper. The presence of phytochemicals like saponins, flavonoid, cardenolides, tannins and phenol as well as the presence of hydrogen cyanide were observed in the fruit sample. The findings on the phytochemical constituents, mineral composition and proximate composition of the C. cujete suggest that the fruit can make useful contribution to both human and animal nutrition and possesses medicinal values. Key words : Crescentia cujete , chemical constituents, like saponins, flavonoid, cardenolides, tannins.

Chris Nielsen: the forgotten Dane

Professional sculling was a leading international sport during the latter half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Not only did the sport produce champions, household names and elements of hero worship, it also provided opportunities for boatbuilders, technicians, sports managers and coaches to develop their skills and expertise, which enriched aquatics generally worldwide. It was a period when organised sport, on an international scale, was beginning to intensify and consolidate. The Dane, Christian Nielsen, was one who seized the opportunities presented by professional sport. Nielsen revolutionised the art of boat building and the structure of boat racing, while he provided modern impetus into sports coaching and sports psychology. His contribution to sports history and aquatics is largely unknown or has been ignored, yet his genius and craftsmanship gave rise to a silent reach that extended to most parts of the globe.

Better boat building — trend to closed-mould processingcontinues

The recreational boat building industry is a major consumer of composite materials. But the global economic downturn left material suppliers and boat builders alike struggling to survive in dangerous waters. Boat manufacturers have gone through a period of consolidation and downsizing, looking for ways to cut costs and boost productivity. Meanwhile, the industry has never stopped developing new materials, processing techniques and innovations that contribute to better boat construction and better on-water performance. Richard Stewart reports.

A GENERALIZED APPROACH TO THE SOLUTION OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL STOCK-CUTTING PROBLEM FOR SMALL SHIPYARDS

A generalized approach is introduced for the optimization of one-dimensional cutting stock problem (1D-CSP), which occurs in wide variety of engineering manufacturing processes especially in ship building industry, Instead of making preliminary specifications and accordingly ignoring many alternative arrangements, the suggested optimization technique selectively considers feasible arrangements by eliminating majority of the possible but inefficient arrangements thus rendering the problem solvable for practical applications. The introduced approach, which minimizes the piece arrangement plans and trim losses in the material, achieves the ideal solution implied by the analytical methods. Another important advantage of the present method is its ability to produce integer results, which usually cannot be obtained by means of analytical methods used in linear programming. Overall, the solution of the problem has been drastically simplified even to allow hand calculations instead of long computer runs. Thus the introduced approach can be very functional for small shipyards and single boat builders. The introduced approach is evaluated by two numerical examples.

A New and Accurate System for Measuring Cruising Yacht Freeboards With Magnetostrictive Sensors

Knowing the freeboard levels of a yacht is crucial for boat builders and hull designers because it allows them to easily obtain precise information about the ship displacement, as well as about its trim. This paper describes a system that automatically performs the freeboard acquisition (substituting the rudimental and inaccurate manual reading currently used) with a great improvement of the measurement automation and accuracy. It consists of a wireless sensor network, the nodes of which are three magnetostrictive water level sensors, an inclinometer, and a personal-computer-based central unit. The major error sources in the measurements have been investigated and controlled to be below a desired accuracy by compensating for temperature and water-density variations. In fact, one node of the network is equipped with an additional level meter that allows the direct and automatic measurement of the water density, i.e., a fundamental parameter to calculate the boat displacement. The experimental results show the functionality of the system and also its great potential in extracting additional information for yacht characterization by means of postprocessing the acquired data.

Prepregs boost marine quality

George Marsh reports on why some boat builders are choosing to use prepregs in their production.

PERAHU PINCUK DARI GRESIK (SUMBANGAN PENGETAHUAN ETNOGRAFIS BAGI KHASANAH PERAHU NUSANTARA)

The history of the Indonesian Archipelago has demonstrated the glorious ages of large maritime kingdoms which governed this vast area, e.g Sriwijaya, Mataram Hindu, Singasari and Majapahit. During that age the maritime transportation must have been well developed and varieties of watercrafts might have been created to support interisland communication. Unfortunately, the hard evidence for this maritime technology are hardly recovered, so that our knowledge on watercraft construction technigue used at that time is very limited. In order to bridge that gap, ethnographic data may provide invaluable information to reconstruct the ancient maritime technology.One of the important information to reconstruct ancient watercraft building technigue are terms and names used for referring parts and components of the watercraft. Such information is still available among the traditional boat builder community in the village of Campurejo, near Gresik, East Java. Situated in the north coast of Java, Gresik had played a great role in the ancient maritime trade linking the eastem and western parts of the archipelago. Presumably, the traditional boat building technigue used here, as reflected in terminology for boat components, still represents the ancient Javanese boat technology. This paper describes the terms and construction method to build the unigue “pincuk” boat in Gresik area. These data will hopefully provide useful information to reconstruct ancient knowlegde on some aspects of maritime technology of Ancient Java

Twenty-six tons of lead oxide used per year in wooden boat building and repairing in southern Thailand

In southern Thailand, the wooden boat building and repair industry uses powdered lead oxide (Pb(3)O(4,) or red lead) in the caulking process. This had been shown to be a significant source of contamination in the workplace and the communities. This cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the amount of lead oxide used in the region and to document the management of hazardous waste product in this industry. All boatyards in southern Thailand registered to the Ministry of Industry were visited with walk-through observation. After consent, questionnaire-based interviews were conducted among workers and boatyard owners who rented out the space for building and repairing the boats. Of the 63 active boatyards identified, approximately 26 tons of lead oxide was used to repair approximately 8,000 boats each year. Due to the casual employment system in this industry, no facility for the protection of workers and the environment from lead contamination exists. The findings indicate the need for further studies on the extent of contamination in the broader area. Intervention programmes are also urgently needed to reduce the release of this hazardous waste into the community.

Understanding the Programme Theories Underlying National Strategies to Improve the Working Environment in Small Businesses

AbstractLittle is known about how knowledge of the particular features of small businesses can be transformed into national occupational safety and health programmes that can successfully prevent accidents and occupational diseases. This paper describes a theoretical framework for an analysis of occupational safety and health programmes aimed at small businesses, based on ‘programme theory’ — the fundamental rationale and driver(s) underlying what makes a programme work. It describes the existing programmes in New Zealand and an in-depth analysis of three specific types of programme — general (the Workplace Safety Discount scheme), sector (FarmSafe) and local (the Waitakere City Council Cleaner Production: Boat Building Project) — each representing a particular strategy for reaching out to small businesses. In doing so, the rationales and mechanisms underlying each programme were sought and described in order to make them transparent. The programme theory for each was further examined through analysis of ...

Mapping shipbuilding clusters in Tuscany: main features and policy implications

The subject of cluster identification takes on a new value today: it is no more only a methodological question, but a point of tactical importance, since both firms and regional administrations are founding their present policies on cluster-based localization strategies. The shipbuilding industry constitutes an interesting case study, being generally clustered and having a peculiar localization near harbour infrastructures. The Italian peninsula has a very active traditional shipbuilding industry, which developed in industrial districts and represents a leading made-in-Italy sector. Using the methodology of local labour systems, we identify, in particular, the clusters of pleasure and sporting boat building in Tuscany – a major player in this industry – and offer support to policy-makers and economic actors to develop the most appropriate policies and strategies for this sector. After the introduction, in Section 2, we briefly illustrate the competitive advantages of clustering and recall the attention to the need of a suitable methodology of cluster identification. In Section 3 we illustrate the method used and the widened notion of nautical filière adopted, while in Section 4 we present and discuss the main results obtained both for Italy and Tuscany. Finally, we offer some conclusive remarks and regional policy implications.

Hodgdon employs core thermoforming in yacht build

US boat builder Hodgdon Yachts employed thermoformed core material and a cold moulding infusion process to construct its new 65’ carbon composite yacht. Matthew Bodoff, SP Technical Sales Representative, reports.

Occupational styrene exposure, colour vision and contrast sensitivity: a cohort study with repeated measurements

Associations between occupational styrene exposures and impairment of visual functions were investigated with a view to answering three questions: (1) are the published findings for colour vision deficiencies and impaired contrast sensitivity to reproduce in a new study approach, (2) if such effects exist, are they related to current or chronic exposures and (3) if effects exist, are there reductions in the effects during an exposure-free period? Workers from a boat building plant were examined in groups of current low [n = 97, mean mandelic acid (MA) + phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) = 51 mg/g creatinine], medium (n = 115, mean = 229 mg/g creatinine) and high (n = 30, mean = 977 mg/g creatinine) level exposure to styrene. Job tenure was about 6 years. In addition, subgroups chronically exposed to low-short (n = 34, lifetime weighted mean 200 mg/g creatinine for 6 years) and high-long (n = 17, mean = 660 mg/g creatinine, 15 years) styrene levels were analysed. The examinations were carried out during normal working days and during the company holidays. Colour vision was investigated with the Lanthony desaturated panel D-15d using the colour confusion index (CCI) as a relevant variable. Contrast sensitivity was investigated with the Vistech charts VCTS 6500 using frequency-related results as well as total scores as variables. Co-variance analyses with repeated measurements and multiple linear regressions were used for statistical analysis. There was no evidence of significant associations between exposure parameters and CCI. This is true for the analyses with all participants as well as for those with the subgroups with high-long versus low-short exposure. Thus, no exposure related changes in the relevant variables were found during the exposure-free period. The analyses for contrast sensitivity show similar results. The largest portions of the variances in both tests were explained by age. German as mother tongue covered a considerable portion of the CCI variances. Education, long-term alcohol use and job tenure explain only partly significant portions of the test variances exhibited. Both acute styrene exposure levels of 40 ppm (range of standard deviation up to 54 ppm) and long term exposures to 27 ppm (range of standard deviation up to 44 ppm with higher exposure levels in the past) for a period of about 15 years were not identified as causing elevated risks for the investigated parameters of colour vision and contrast sensitivity. This statement contradicts the published results for styrene-related colour vision deficiencies but it seems to be compatible with published results for contrast sensitivity due to styrene exposure.

Composites boost superyacht performance

Ship and boat builders (many superyachts are more ship than boat) are achieving superyacht distinction and augmenting seaworthiness by placing composite superstructures on hulls of steel or aluminium. George Marsh reports.