Board Of Governors Research Articles

Board Characteristics and Dividend Pay-Out Policy in Nigerian Consumer Good Firms

This study interrogates the interplay between board attributes and dividend payout policy amongst listed in Nigerian manufacturing firms. The research focuses on various board attributes, including board size, board independence, gender diversity, and board ownership, to determine their influence on the dividend decisions of firms. Using panel data from a sample of Nigerian manufacturing companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) from 2013 to 2022, the study employs multiple regression analysis to evaluate the effect of these variables on dividend per share. The results indicate that board independence positively influence dividend payouts, while board diversity and board ownership have negative non-significant effect on the criterion variable using t-statistics. These findings suggest that a well-structured board can enhance firm decision-making, leading to higher shareholder returns. The study recommends that policymakers and firm managers should consider the composition and governance of boards when devising strategies related to dividend payouts to optimize corporate performance and shareholder value.

The Mediating Effects of Board Role Performance in the Relationship Between Board Capital and Survival of Financial Cooperatives in Uganda

Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOs) in Uganda face persistent survival challenges, often associated with governance limitations and board effectiveness issues. This study investigates the association between board capital, which encompasses both human and social capital, and SACCO survival—measured through liquidity and gearing—with board role performance as a potential mediator. Data were collected from 311 participants across 60 SACCOs in a cross-sectional survey. Structural equation modeling analysis indicates that although board capital does not directly influence SACCO survival, it positively correlates with board role performance, which in turn is significantly associated with SACCO survival outcomes of liquidity and gearing. These findings underscore the importance of board engagement in translating board members’ collective expertise, knowledge, and external connections into enhanced liquidity and balanced gearing for SACCOs. Practical implications suggest that SACCOs could benefit from initiatives to strengthen board members' skills and networking capabilities through targeted training, mentorship, and structured networking opportunities. Establishing clear board roles, strengthening accountability mechanisms, and implementing regular performance evaluations are essential practices to bolster SACCO survival. This study contributes a novel perspective by integrating Role Theory with Agency and Resource Dependency Theories, providing a multi-theoretical framework to better understand SACCO survival in a developing economy context. This integration enriches the theoretical landscape and provides actionable insights for strengthening SACCO survival in Uganda’s challenging economic context.

Board Characteristics and Internal Control Risk Management in Urban Investment Companies: A Case Study of Guangxi Urban Investment Group

This study explores the relationship between board characteristics and internal control effectiveness and risk management practices in Chinese urban investment companies. Using a mixed research method combining questionnaire surveys and case studies, an empirical study was conducted on 104 urban investment companies, with the Guangxi Urban Investment Group as a case study. The study found that board characteristics are significantly and positively correlated with internal control effectiveness and risk management practices. Among these, the impact of board expertise is the most significant, followed by board independence and diversity. Board size is positively correlated with internal control effectiveness, but has no significant relationship with risk management practices. The study also found that company size has a moderating effect on the relationship between board characteristics and governance practices. This study provides theoretical and practical guidance for the corporate governance of urban investment companies, emphasizing the importance of improving the professionalism, independence and diversity of the board of directors. The study suggests that urban investment companies should adjust the composition of the board of directors according to their size and complexity, and adopt a comprehensive governance framework to integrate internal control and risk management practices. Future research can further explore the relationship between board characteristics, governance practices and company performance, as well as the impact of emerging technologies on the governance requirements of urban investment companies.

Exploring the Impact of Board Structure and Governance Practices on Integrated Reporting Quality: CSR as A Moderating Variable

Presentation report integrated (IR) in Indonesia is still naturally voluntary and partly big studies previously conducted in developed country capital markets, and studies conducted in emerging country markets Still seldom as well as companies that voluntarily choose to adopt IR possible to own Lots of flexibility in matter disclosure information. Purpose study this is to influence a positive board of directors and Governance Company to quality reporting moderated integratedcorporate social responsibility (CSR). Study this uses agency and stakeholder theory which emphasizes that governancecompanies can increase quality reporting integrated that can strengthen connection with the existence of CSR and companies obliged to give report as information to stakeholders. Retrieval technique sample uses method purposive sampling. Sample in study this is the incoming companythe LQ-45 index is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with as many his observations as many as 175 observations. For the test, the hypothesis used analysis regression multiple and MRA using application stata. The results of the research show the board of directors and governance companies are influential in the quality of reporting integrated and corporate social responsibility (CSR) strengthens the connection between the board of directors and governance companies in the quality of reporting integrated.

Climate board governance and carbon assurance – European evidence

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of climate board governance based on (1) carbon change committees, (2) critical mass of female board members and (3) carbon-related executive compensation, on the voluntary implementation and quality of carbon assurance. Design/methodology/approach Using stakeholder and critical mass theories, 978 firm-year observations for European Union firms for the 2017–2021 period are collected. Climate board governance and carbon assurance proxies come from the Carbon Disclosure Project. Findings Correlation and logit regression analyses show that climate board governance significantly improves carbon assurance (quality). The findings are robust to various robustness and endogeneity checks and are of great importance for researchers, regulators and business practice. Originality/value This analysis mainly contributes to previous studies by using a combined sustainable board governance score as a major driver of corporate carbon assurance practices for the first time.

The Influence of Business Ethics and Diversity on ESG Disclosure: Empirical Evidence from Indonesian Firms

This study examines the impact of corporate governance mechanisms, board characteristics, and ethical leadership on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance in Indonesian companies. The analysis investigates how board ethics, independence, tenure, ownership structure, and other governance factors influence ESG scores. The findings reveal that board ethics and independence significantly improve ESG performance, supporting the role of ethical leadership and resource dependence theory in shaping corporate sustainability. Additionally, the study highlights the role of institutional ownership in driving ESG outcomes, particularly in emerging markets. Cultural factors, such as board culture, also contribute to the variability in ESG performance, suggesting the importance of aligning corporate governance practices with local values and global sustainability standards. The results have important theoretical implications, extending corporate governance theories to the context of developing economies. Practically, the findings provide insights for policymakers, corporate leaders, and investors to enhance ESG performance through effective governance reforms and ethical leadership. This study offers a significant contribution to the growing literature on ESG in emerging markets and provides a foundation for future research on corporate sustainability in different institutional settings.

Influence of Industrial Relations with Ukhuwwah (brotherhood), ‘Adl (justice) and Ihsan (benevolence) among Islamic Universities

The existence of industrial relations with the industrialization drivers has been argued with the persistent competition among different entities, including workers, capitalists, bureaucrats, and authorities, to reduce operating costs while maximizing financial profits. While industrial relations have been relevant through the human resource management of organizations, from the perspectives of Islam, three core values, ukhuwwah (brotherhood), ‘adl (justice), and Ihsan (benevolence) are essential in establishing a harmonious and ethical relationship between employers and employees, which serves as a solid foundation for creating a positive work environment. This study used the grounded theory method through focused group discussion to explore the integration of Islamic values into the industrial relations of Islamic universities. It focuses on insights from participants who emphasized the significance of promoting positive human relationships, incorporating Islamic teachings, and maintaining a balance between procedural work and community-building activities. The study's findings suggest that incorporating these principles can establish a cohesive and morally upright work environment that is advantageous for both employees and organizations. Suggestions for the industrial relations unit, top management, board of governors, and the government involve cultivating strong unity through team-building, maintaining fairness with clear and open policies, and promoting excellence by supporting professional growth and empathetic work conditions.

PENGARUH CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN DIVIDEND POLICY TERHADAP KINERJA PERBANKAN DI INDONESIA

This research aims to examine the influence of corporate social responsibility, good corporate governance (institutional ownership and board size), and dividend policy on the financial performance of banking in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period of 2018 to 2022. A sample of 44 was selected using purposive sampling. The analysis was conducted using E-Views, and the results indicate that corporate social responsibility, good corporate governance, and dividend policy simultaneously affect financial performance. CSR and GCG (institutional ownership and board size) do not significantly influence banking performance in Indonesia, while dividend policy has a significant negative effect on banking performance. This study provides insights for banks and investors to consider dividend policy in managing their businesses and making investment decisions.

Good data relations key to Indigenous research sovereignty: A case study from Nunatsiavut.

Although researchers are committed to Indigenous data sovereignty in principle, they fall short in returning data and results to communities in which or with whom they conduct their research. This results in a misalignment in benefits of research toward researchers and settler institutions and away from Indigenous communities. To explore this, we conducted a case study analyzing the rate researchers returned data to Nunatsiavut, an autonomous area claimed by Inuit of Labrador, Canada. We assessed the data return rate for all research approved by the Nunatsiavut Government Research Advisory Committee between 2011 and 2021. In two-thirds of projects, researchers did not return the data they had collected. Based on our results and their contextualization with researchers and Nunatsiavut Research Centre staff members, we compiled recommendations for researchers, academia, government bodies, funding bodies, and Indigenous research governance boards. These recommendations aim to facilitate data return, thus putting data sovereignty into practice.

The Influence of Audit Tenure, Audit Fee, and Institutional Ownership on Audit Delay: Study of Companies in Various Industrial Sectors Listed on The Indonesian Stock Exchange 2018-2022

ABSTRACT Purpose: This research aims to analyze the influence of audit tenure, audit fee, and institutional ownership on audit delay.Design/methodology: To do this research, the method chosen is quantitative. The sample used included 21 companies from various industries listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange and data collected over five years, from 2018 to 2022. The logistic regression test is the analysis used.. Findings: The results showed that the probability values of audit tenure, audit fees, and institutional ownership were less than the significance level of 0.05, suggesting that the increase and decrease in the number of audits in tenure, audit fees, and institutional ownership were not large enough to indicate a significant influence on the audit delay proposed as a hypothesis.Practical implications: The author organized the diverse factors and findings inside the structured literature review, while this study, which focuses on Institutional Ownership and board governance, provides valuable insights into earlier studies. The writers guide academics, regulatory agencies, and company practices in this corporate governance topic.Originality/Value: This research is relatively new because it uses varying audit fees and various industrial sectors, which include various industrial sectors, so that the research results can be more acceptable.

Influence of Strategic Human Capital Development on the Performance of Tourism Organizations in Tanzania

Purpose: The study aimed to determine the influence of strategic human capital development on the performance of tourism organizations in Tanzania. Methodology: The study employed cross-sectional survey design to achieve the objective. The target population of this study included private and public tourism-related organizations with their umbrella organizations such as Government boards, Authorities, and Associations. A total number of registered and licensed tourism organizations that had more than 10 years was 1005. The researcher sampled 280 respondents from 140 organizations that included all categories established in this study. Data was collected using both primary and secondary procedures which were analyzed by statistical tools aided by the SPSS program. Reliability of the questions was done by use of Cronbach’s alpha where the adequate threshold was considered. A normality test was done for dependent variable to aid subsequent analysis. Factor analysis was also done to reduce the qualitative data to a meaningful size. Logit model analysis was used to understand the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variables. Results: Logistic regression model was statistically significant, χ2(1) = .747, p < .05. Results revealed that strategic human capital plays a sensitive role in influencing the tourism performance in organizations. Conclusion: The study concluded that human capital plays a contributory role in the performance of tourism in the country. It was expected that strategic human capital will play a unique role in growth of revenue in the organization hence return on investment is realized. Therefore, the results marked a strong relationship that exists between strategic human capital and the performance of tourism in Tanzania.

Steering the Atoms for Peace and Development: Legal Aspects of the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is the leading international organization in the field of nuclear energy and nuclear non-proliferation. This paper examines the most important policy body of the Agency, the Board of Governors (BoG). The legal foundation of the BoG will be discussed in light of its constitutional documents, most notably the Statute of the IAEA and the Rules of Procedure of the BoG. The research question will be approached from the theoretical angle of functionalism. The paper suggests that in fact, the practical role of the BoG is even more important than could be concluded on the basis of the legal documents whence the powers of the BoG derive. Over the years, the normative framework of the IAEA has enabled the BoG to adapt to rapidly changing decision-making environments and political situations. Furthermore, this has made it possible for the BoG to contribute in a relatively effective manner to the development of substantive international nuclear policy and law.

Does environmental regulation truly enhance corporate green environmental investment? Evidence from the supervision of independent directors in listed companies.

With the increasingly prominent environmental issues in China, the government and citizens alike have intensified their focus on corporate investments in green environmental protection. Nevertheless, as government regulations become more stringent, there is substantial debate over whether environmental regulatory policies can consistently encourage listed companies to increase green environmental investments. Simultaneously, independent board supervision plays a crucial role in promoting the compliance and sustainability of listed companies regarding environmental protection. This paper selected a sample of 246 Chinese listed companies from 2010 to 2019, and used a fixed effects model to examine the impact of environmental regulation on the environmental investment of listed companies in China. Moreover, we used a mediation effect model to analyze the role of independent director supervision in influencing the relationship between environmental regulation and companies' green environmental investment. Additionally, we discuss the heterogeneous impact of environmental regulations on corporate environmental investments. Our findings are as follows: first, during the sample period, the tightening of environmental regulations significantly reduces the growth of environmental investment among the studied firms. As government environmental regulatory policies gradually intensify, the negative impact on environmental investments by listed companies becomes increasingly evident. Second, independent directors help alleviate the adverse impacts of environmental regulations on the environmental investment levels of listed companies. This suggests that the inclusion of independent directors in board governance plays a role in assessing government environmental regulatory policies and overseeing corporate decisions related to environmental investment. Lastly, the heterogeneity analysis indicates that environmental regulation significantly negatively impacts the environmental investment of listed companies in pollution-intensive industries and those located in the western regions. Furthermore, environmental regulatory policies impose greater constraints on the environmental investments of small-sized listed companies compared to their large-sized counterparts.

Who Makes Decisions in Hospital? A Scoping Review and Meta-Synthesis

Context: The aim of this study was to identify decision-making issues and key decision-makers within the hospital. Methods: This scoping review was conducted by searching the databases of Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed in January 2024. Additionally, articles related to Newhouse's main article were searched on Google Scholar to identify decision-makers in the hospital and their areas of decision-making. The 37 articles were analyzed using the framework analysis technique with Atlas-ti software. Results: Decision-makers addressed 160 issues, which were identified and categorized into 7 areas: Strategic management, human resource management, financial management, physical resource management, employee compensation payment, service delivery management, and hospital reputation. Additionally, 21 decision-makers were identified and classified into 6 categories: Group of managers, group of physicians, group of nurses, board of directors, government, and political groups. Hospital managers were identified as the primary decision-makers, responsible for making decisions independently in three areas and jointly with the board of directors in one area. Conclusions: It can be concluded that no single decision-maker holds a dominant role in the decision-making process. Several decision-makers exert varying degrees of influence depending on the issue. Among these decision-makers, managers play a more significant role in decision-making than others.

Tác động của quản trị công ty và thu nhập phi tín dụng đến hiệu quả tài chính của các ngân hàng thương mại Việt Nam

The roles of non-interest income and corporate governance on bank operations in the literature have not been a cooperative explanation. Therefore, the paper determines corporate governance and non interest income on the Vietnamese banks' financial performance from 2011 to 2021. SYS-GMM demonstrates that non-interest income, fees, and other income enriches Vietnamese commercial bank’s financial performance. Regarding bank corporate governance, the board size, CEO ownership, state ownership, and foreign ownership negatively impact ROA and ROE. Conversely, the number of female boards, board ownership, and board compositions enhances the banks' financial performance. The interesting judgment is the corporate governance factors will lessen the intensity of the effect of noninterest income and its components on the banks’ financial performance. The paper proposed some implications for optimizing corporate governance (board characteristics and ownership structure) and increasing non-interest income to improve Vietnamese commercial banks’ financial performance.

Board reforms and managerial risk-taking incentives: evidence from Chinese central state-owned enterprises

PurposeThis paper examines the effect of board reforms on managerial risk-taking incentive provision in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) whose managers are undue risk-averse.Design/methodology/approachWe use the staggered implementation of board reforms in Chinese central government-controlled state-owned enterprises (CSOEs) as an exogenous shock to board governance. We collect data on board reforms for a set of pilot CSOEs during the period 2005 to 2020 from the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) website by hand. We use a generalized difference-in-difference (DID) design to test the effect of staggered board reform adoption on managerial risk-taking incentive provision.FindingsWe find a positive relationship between board reforms and risk-taking inventive provision, i.e. pay-performance sensitivity, promotion-performance sensitivity and performance target difficulty. The documented relationship is stronger when the value of risk-taking is higher. We also find that board reforms lead to greater risky but value-enhancing investments and that managerial risk-taking incentive provision acts as an important channel through which board reforms improve value-enhancing risk-taking.Originality/valueOur findings suggest that board reforms that improve board governance are effective in addressing risk-related agency conflicts in emerging markets. The findings also highlight the importance of managerial risk-taking incentive provision in inducing risky but value-enhancing investments.

The composition of listed family firm boards in South Africa: Alignment to best practices and governance codes

Purpose: As elsewhere in the world, family firms (FFs) play a critical role in the South African economy. There is, however, scant research on how, if at all, listed South African FFs differ from their non-family counterparts concerning board composition and independence. The purpose of this study was to address this knowledge gap by investigating director and chair independence, chair-chief executive officer (CEO) role duality, board race and gender diversity, as well as board rotation at FFs listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) over the period 2006 to 2022. The study was informed by the agency, socioemotional wealth, and stewardship theories.Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected on 753 directors who served on the boards of 37 JSE-listed FFs. Data sources included Bloomberg and the FFs’ integrated reports and websites. Data were analysed by examining trends in the considered variables over time.Findings/results: While family involvement at board level remained relatively constant, considerably fewer family members served as board chairs and CEOs towards the end of the research period. Board independence increased significantly over the research period.Practical implications: Shareholder activists’ requests for improved board governance of JSE-listed FFs seem justified. Activists should, however, also consider the benefits of family stewardship when evaluating director and chair independence in these firms. This study also identifies practical implications for nomination committees and investor education.Originality/value: The use of multiple theoretical lenses provides a balanced view of board governance at JSE-listed FFs. The study contributes to the scant body of knowledge on board composition and independence in listed FFs in South Africa, which will enable future FF research.

Nonprofit Chief Executive Compensation: Implications of Board Governance Activities

Using secondary data collected as part of a national survey of nonprofit organizations, this research examines compensation outcomes of 704 nonprofit Chief Executives (CEO), integrating and social and performative aspects of governing/governance to explain compensation (in)equity. Theorizing governance as a socially complex and functionally consequential arena, we examine the impact of social categorization and identity fit between CEO Ethno-Racial Demography and Board Ethno-Racial Variety prior to overlaying the influence of three forms of governance activity: Fiduciary Oversight, Internal Awareness, and External Engagement. We employ serial multiple mediation regression analysis to test direct and indirect effects of demographic diversity and governance activity for nonprofit CEO compensation outcomes. We found compensation of ethno-racialized CEOs is higher when their organizations have diverse boards. Therefore, boards of directors must be cognizant of board composition, the potential for subjectivity and bias, and the impact these factors can have on CEO compensation and compensation equity.

Determinants of the effective tax rate: Board composition of South African firms listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange

Motivation Numerous international studies have been conducted to determine the effect of board composition on tax aggressiveness, and ultimately the effective tax rate (ETR) of firms, but to the best of the author's knowledge, no similar research from a South African perspective has been conducted. Purpose This study explores the association between board composition and the ETR of South African Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE)-listed firms for the period 2012 to 2021 to obtain an understanding of how corporate governance attributes affect the ETR of firms. Design and methodology A sample of 40 firms is purposively selected from the top 200 JSE-listed firms based on market capitalisation on 31 December 2021. The study employs a quantitative approach by applying the panel data multivariate regression model. Main findings The study shows that board size, as a corporate governance attribute, is a determinant of the ETR of South African JSE-listed firms. Additionally, other board composition-related corporate governance attributes such as independence, gender diversity, and director shareholding showed no substantial association with the ETR. Practical implications The results of this study indicate that the board of directors – specifically its composition – is successful in its role of ensuring that the firm is, and is seen to be, a responsible corporate citizen by paying its fair share of taxes. Novelty This study is the first to offer empirical evidence linking board composition to South African JSE-listed firms’ ETRs. The result of the study therefore fills a research gap and has the potential to guide board governance committees and increase directors’ awareness of their tax-related roles.

College President Departure After No-Confidence Votes: An Event History Analysis

ABSTRACT Faculty-led no-confidence votes against college presidents have increased over the past decade. These votes often aim to create conditions that lead to the president’s departure. In this study, I used event history analysis to investigate the influence of faculty-led no-confidence votes on the tenure of college presidents. The analysis reveals that nearly 70% of presidents leave their positions within four semesters of a no-confidence vote. The study further explores the influence of various factors, including institutional and presidential characteristics, on the likelihood of presidential departure after no-confidence votes. The results indicate that student enrollment size is the only significant predictor, with smaller institutions more likely to experience leadership turnover following a vote. The study concludes that no-confidence votes are a powerful tool for facilitating presidential change across diverse institutional types. These findings have important implications for faculty governance bodies and boards of trustees, highlighting the need for strategic planning in response to such votes.