Board Of Commissioners Research Articles

Beyond the bottom line: exploring the role of governance mechanisms in promoting corporate tax responsibility

PurposeBecause of growing corporate tax scandals, there is an enhanced focus on corporate taxation by governments, institutions and the general public. Transparency in tax matters has been identified as critical for effectively managing and promoting socially responsible tax behaviour. This study aims to explore the impact of ownership structure, board and audit committee characteristics on corporate tax responsibility (CTR) disclosure.Design/methodology/approachThis research collected data from the annual reports of Pakistani-listed firms over 12 years, from 2009 to 2020. Consequently, the data set encompasses a total of 1,800 firm-year observations. This study uses regression analysis to test the relationship between corporate governance and CTR disclosure.FindingsThe results show that board gender diversity, managerial ownership and audit committee independence promote tax responsibility disclosure. In contrast, family board membership, CEO duality, foreign ownership and family ownership negatively impact tax responsibility disclosure. Additional analyses reveal the specific information categories that produce the overall effects on tax responsibility disclosure and assess the moderating impact of family firms on the governance and CTR disclosure nexus.Practical implicationsCorporations can use the results to encourage practices that enhance transparency and improve the quality of disclosures. Regulatory authorities can use the findings to stipulate better protocols. Doing so will be vital for developing countries such as Pakistan to improve tax revenue and cultivate economic growth.Originality/valueWhile this research represents, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, one of the first empirical investigations of the association between corporate governance and CTR, the results contribute to the corporate governance literature and offer fresh insights into CTR, an emerging dimension of corporate social responsibility.

Beyond Expectations: Corporate Governance's Insufficiency in Fraud Prevention

Objective –The specific objectives to be achieved in this research are to (1) test the Beneish model (1999) as a predictor of reliable manipulation or indicator to reveal signals or symptoms of financial reporting fraud. (2) Test whether corporate governance effectiveness reduces financial statement fraud.Design/Methodology –The research analyzed publicly listed non-financial firms listed in Indonesia's stock exchange (IDX) from 2017 to 2022. Simple random sampling was used to select 86 companies per year, resulting in 617 year-firm observations. Data analysis was carried out by logistic regression multiple with panel data. The test was carried out by adopting the Beneish benchmark index (Z-score) model which is effective for predicting indications of fraudulent financial statements. Results –The test results show that there is 99.8% of incidents indicated financial statement fraud and the other 0.2% did not indicate financial statement fraud. Corporate governance mechanisms consisting of institutional ownership, audit committees, and audit quality does not mitigate fraud. It is anticipated that the research's contribution will serve as a practical guide and reference for the examination of indicators of fraud in corporate finances. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights for policymakers and regulators seeking to improve corporate governance practices.Research limitations/implications –This research does not incorporate the competency and capability specifications of governance structures such as the board of commissioners, audit committees, and external auditors. Future investigations are anticipated to delve more profoundly into the internal and external corporate governance capabilities and specifications.Novelty/Originality –This study reveals that, on the whole, a significant proportion of companies are implicated in fraudulent activities, while corporate governance mechanisms are deemed inadequate in overseeing management activities conducive to fraud. The outcomes of this research challenge the prevailing paradigm of corporate governance as an effective deterrent against fraudulent behavior.

THE EFFECT OF MILITARY EXPERIENCED BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON INTEREST RATES (CASE STUDY OF BANKING COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE 2019-2022)

This study aims to prove the influence of military-experienced boards through the presence of military-experienced commissioners of banking companies. Then, this study also proves whether companies that use organizational culture in their financial performance can affect the interest rates set by the company. We applied purposive sampling method with various criteria in selecting the sample for this study. A total of 46 banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2022 were taken as samples, and the analysis was conducted using the panel data linear regression method as well as the Random Effect Model (REM) method through the Eviews 12 application to test the hypothesis. Simultaneously, this study concludes that the board of commissioners with military experience and organizational culture simultaneously have a significant effect on interest rates of banking companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). However, partially this study concluded that the presence of a military-experienced board of commissioners has no influence on banking interest rates. Some organizational culture measurements such as market culture and adhocrachy culture also have no effect on banking interest rates, while other organizational culture measurements, namely clan culture and hierarchy culture have an influence on banking interest rates.

Impact of Saudi corporate governance code and governance structures on industrial firms' performance in Saudi Arabia

This research focuses on examining how the recent Saudi Corporate Governance Code (SCGC) and internal governance structures within companies affect the performance of industrial firms listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange. The authors studied 62 industrial firms from 2012 to 2020. They analyzed data using two models to test their hypotheses, looking at firm performance through two financial indicators: return on assets (ROA) for the first model and return on equity (ROE) for the second. Both models considered the same factors: SCGC, the size and independence of the board, the size and independence of the audit committee, how often the audit committee meets, and how concentrated the ownership is. The results indicated that applying the SCGC leads to better company performance based on ROA. However, there was no noticeable impact on performance from the board or audit committee size. Likewise, having more audit committee meetings did not improve performance. On the other hand, the independence of the board and audit committee, along with ownership concentration, did have a positive effect on performance. This study adds to the discussion on the economic impacts of the SCGC in the Saudi market, offering valuable insights for companies, investors, and policymakers like the Capital Market Authority (CMA) and the Saudi Organization for Chartered and Professional Accountants (SOCPA). These insights could guide adjustments to the SCGC that better suit the unique aspects of the Saudi market.

Preface

The Proceedings present selected contributions from the international GIREP Conference 2022, which took place from 4th to 8th July 2022 at the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Education. The conference was organized in cooperation between the International Research Group on Physics Teaching (GIREP) and the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Education and Faculty of Mathematics and Physics.The conference was held live after two years of webinars due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The main theme of the conference was therefore Effective Learning in Physics from Contemporary Physics to Remote Settings which highlights the possibilities of contemporary topics for enhancing the motivation, context, and general literacy in modern technology, combined with the challenges and opportunities of distance learning. During the conference, a variety of topics on contemporary physics, remote settings and other important aspects of physics education research and practice were discussed.The GIREP Conference 2022 was attended by 204 international researchers and practitioners representing 37 countries. The scientific programme offered a total of 161 contributions (81 oral and 80 poster presentations) and 7 invited keynote speeches. It consisted of plenary talks, parallel oral sessions, symposia, workshops and poster sessions.The entire programme was held in a hybrid format. Most of the programme took place live, but participants also had an opportunity to participate in the conference and present their work online. The rooms were equipped with multidirectional microphones and the chair repeated any questions from the audience for the online presenters. The hybrid contributions were integrated into the regular sessions to allow for live feedback, questions and answers.After the conference, 86 papers were received on all conference topics. The papers went through a rigorous process of double-blind peer review to ensure the quality of the content of this contribution. As a result, two publications are issued, the book Effective Learning in Physics: From Contemporary Physics to Remote Settings, published by Springer and GIREP Conference 2022 Proceedings book, which is presented here in nine parts:• Invited Talks: Plenary speakers invited to share their lifelong experience on teaching and learning.• Strategies and Methods to Improve Physics Learning and Teaching: From good practices to new tested approaches.• Physics Curriculum Materials: Development, Implementation, and Assessment: From the development of new materials to effective teaching of existing topics.• Lab work and Experiments in Physics Education: From productive use of experiments in learning and teaching to integrating laboratories and lessons.• Contemporary Physics and Modern Physics in School: From non-traditional topics to new approaches in learning and teaching modern physics topics.• Teaching and Learning in Remote Settings: From good practices to new findings that emerged during the time of the pandemic.• Informal Learning and Non-Formal Learning of Physics: From science centers and outreach to learning from everyday experience• Physics Teacher Education: From preparing future physics teachers to building physics teacher community.• Students’ Identity and Wellbeing as Learners of Physics: From diversity, inclusion, and equity to special needs and gifted students.We would like to thank all participants of the GIREP Conference 2022 for an interesting and productive conference, and for submitting their work for these proceedings. Our particular thanks goes to the reviewers, who helped ensure that the papers published herein are of good quality and can contribute to the improvement of teaching and learning at all levels. We further thank the Scientific Advisory Board and the GIREP Board for productive discussions and help in preparing the conference and its publications. Last, but not least, we thank all the colleagues involved in the event, without whom the event would not have been the same.We hope that these Proceedings will be of interest to physics teachers, teacher educators and physics education researchers around the world with a commitment to effective learning in Physics.EditorsSergej Faletic, Saša Dolenc, Jerneja Pavlin, Katarina Susman, Anja Kranjc HorvatList of Scientific Advisory Board and Local Organizing Committee are available in this pdf.

PENGARUH GCG, STRUKTUR MODAL, DAN CAPITAL EXPENDITURE TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN TRANSPORTASI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI TAHUN 2018 – 2022

This study aims to determine the influence of independent board of commissioners, institutional ownership, audit committee, capital structure, and capital expenditure on company value. This research was conducted on transportation companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2018 – 2022 using the purposive sampling method. The number of samples in this study was 67 transportation companies. The sampling technique in this study used the purposive sampling method, where the sample in this study was 24 companies with a total of 67 observations. The methods used in this study are descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, partial test, simultaneous test, and coefficient of determination (R2). Based on the results of this study, it shows that: (1) The independent board of commissioners has a significant positive influence on the value of the company. (2) Institutional ownership has a significant positive effect on the value of the company. (3) The Audit Committee has a significant positive effect on the value of the company. (4) Capital structure has a significant negative effect on the value of the company. (5) Capital expenditure has a significant negative effect on the value of the company.

Green Accounting, Corporate Governance and Firm Value in Southeast Asia Region

Objective –This study is to investigate the relationship between green accounting, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, independent commissioners and audit committees on firm value of mining companies in Southeast Asia region including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam.Design/Methodology –The method used is OLS with 500 samples of mining company observation data in the Southeast Asia for the 2016-2020 periods. GMM estimation is to address the potential endogeneity of the multiple variables used in the estimation, unobserved heterogeneity, and autocorrelation, which cannot be resolved with a fixed effect.Results –This study found that institutional ownership has positive significant effect on the firm value. Independent commissioners and audit committees have negative significant relationship with firm value of mining companies in the Southeast Asia, while green accounting and managerial ownership have no effect on the firm value.Research Limitations/Implications –There is no availability of data to access company’s annual reports from several countries and the annual reports of several countries are not made in English, educational background and social relations are not considered in measuring the independent board of commissioners and the audit committee. The results of this study can be used by company management in providing information about the percentage required for institutional ownership as a consideration in making decisions to increase company value.Novelty/Originality –The researcher's knowledge, this is the first research to investigate green accounting on firm value in mining company in the Southeast Asia region which is included in emerging markets.

PENGARUH IMPLEMENTASI MEKANISME TATA KELOLA PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS DENGAN KEPEMILIKAN PEMERINTAH SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING PERUSAHAAN BUMN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI TAHUN 2019-2022

This research was written with the aim of determining the size of the board of commissioners, independent commissioners, and audit committee on profitability with government ownership as a moderating variable for state-owned enterprises in 2019-2022. This type of research is a causal study that is cause and effect. The type of data used in this study is quantitative data in the form of data on the size of the board of commissioners, independent commissioners, audit committee, government ownership, and profitability. The data source in this study is financial reports found on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for 2019-2022 for a period of 4 years. The population in this study is state-owned enterprises listed on the IDX. The sample in this study is 26 companies. The sampling technique used in this study is non-probability sampling. The results of this study show that the size of the board of commissioners, independent commissioners, and audit committee have a positive effect on profitability. Meanwhile, government ownership successfully moderates (strengthens) the influence of the size of the board of commissioners and independent commissioners on profitability. However, government ownership does not successfully weaken the influence of the audit committee on profitability.

Experiences of commissioning mental health services for children and young people in England: qualitative study of commissioners’ perspectives

IntroductionCommissioners play a central role in coordinating and planning CAMHS. However, there is little research on their experiences and approaches to understanding the needs of their populations. An improved understanding is likely to benefit the translation of research into practice, by ensuring research outputs meet the needs of key stakeholders and in optimising the sharing and use of data to improve services.ObjectivesTo better understand commissioners’ experiences of commissioning child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and the challenges they face.MethodsBetween May to June 2023, we conducted twelve individual, semi-structured interviews with Integrated Care Board commissioners of CAMHS across England. We analysed data using framework analysis; a qualitative analysis method which involves systematically charting and organising data using a framework to generate themes.ResultsWe generated five core themes from the data: 1) ‘Reflections on role’ – how commissioners’ roles are informed by their background and ‘positioning’ within the system in which they work, 2) ‘Priorities and Tensions’ – the wider context in which commissioners work and how this may present challenges, 3) ‘Insights and evidence’– how commissioners develop an understanding of child mental health need and the different roles of quantitative and qualitative data, 4) ‘Children’s mental health in the limelight’ – commissioners’ perceptions of changes in child mental health in their populations, 5) ‘Responding to need’ – how commissioners are addressing the needs of their populations and the challenges they perceive.ConclusionsCAMHS commissioners are negotiating a complex and changing political, social and economic environment with differing priorities and pressures. Commissioners draw heavily on insights from providers and their role is shifting towards managing relationships and bringing the system together. A key challenge is balancing investment in prevention/early intervention versus specialist services needed by children with more severe and complex problems.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

VaNoLaH trial: a study protocol—a multinational randomised controlled trial including two identical substudies comparing vaginal versus vNOTES (vaginal natural orifice transluminal surgery) hysterectomy or laparoscopic versus vNOTES hysterectomy

IntroductionHysterectomy is one of the most common surgeries performed in women. Minimally invasive methods are on the rise globally as they have been shown to decrease surgical morbidity compared with...

Apakah Dewan Komisaris Independen Mempunyai Peran Sebagai Variable Moderasi atas Related Party Transaction, Struktur Modal dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Nilai Perusahaan?

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of related party transactions and overall business value on capital structure, company size, and an independent board of commissioners. The manufacturing businesses in the food and beverage subsector that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2021 are the focus of this study. The research sample consisted of 60 data points from 12 firms that fulfilled predefined parameters, chosen through the use of purposeful sampling. This study employs a quantitative methodology, with Eviews software serving as the analysis tool. The study's findings demonstrate that the value of a firm is not significantly impacted by transactions involving related parties. On the other hand, a company's value is greatly influenced by its size and capital structure. The independent board of commissioners does not lessen the effect that capital structure and related party transactions have on the value of the company. Nonetheless, the effect of a company's size on its value might be lessened by an impartial board of commissioners. The following policies can be implemented by the business world based on the consequences of the research: First, the business sector needs an optimal capital structure, which includes using debt with suitable limits, in order to draw investors and build company value. In addition, using debt might lessen the tax liability of the business. Secondly, in order to draw in investors, big businesses need to manage their assets well.

The Influence of Sharia Financial Performance Towards Islamic Social Reporting with Islamic Corporate Governance as a Moderate Variable

This study examine to retest the influence of Sharia Financial Performance towards Islamic Social Reporting with Islamic Corporate Governance as a moderate variable (empirical study on Indonesia Islamic Commercial Bank from 2014-2021). The hypothesis examine by using MRA regression and panel data regression. The population in this research are all the Islamic Commercial Banks that listed on OJK from 2014-2021. The sampling methods that used in this research is purposive sampling and could manage to obtained 96 sample from 12 Islamic Commercial Banks. The results shows that: (1) Return On Assets, Capital Adequacy Ratio, and Debt to Equity Ratio did not influenced the Islamic Social Reporting; (2) Financing to Debt Ratio influenced the disclosure did Islamic Social Reporting; and (3) Board of Commissioner could influenced Return On Assets towards deepening of Islamic Social Reporting, Islamic Supervisory Board could be moderating Return On Assets, Financing to Debt Ratio and Capital Adequacy Ratio towards strengthening Islamic Social Reporting, While the age of the companies could moderating Return On Assets, and Financing to Debt Ratio towards Islamic Social Reporting.

Threats and Opportunities: Perceptions of Female Accounting Students Towards Career Development on a Company's Board of Commissioners

Threats and Opportunities: Perceptions of Female Accounting Students Towards Career Development on a Company's Board of Commissioners

The Impact of Financial Distress, Women on Boards and Profitability on Corporate Tax Avoidance

Taxes are one of the highest sources of state income, especially in developing countries, but taxes are actually one of the biggest expenses for companies which will reduce the profits they get. Companies will of course be encouraged to reduce expenditure to increase income, one of which is by avoiding taxes. Tax avoidance is a strategy employed to lawfully minimise company expenditures by reducing the amount of corporate tax paid to the government. While this practise is permissible, it has the potential to diminish the state's tax revenue. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of financial distress, women on boards, and profitability on corporate tax avoidance. The population for this study consisted of companies that were classified under the LQ45 category on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) between 2013 and 2022. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique. This study use the statistical method of multiple regression for data analysis. The results of these study indicated that research with financial distress, Profitability, and Women on Board Commissioners has positively effect on corporate tax avoidance. Meanwhile, the Women on Board Director had no effect on tax avoidance.

The Influence of Corporate Governance, Leverage and Environmental Performance on Firm Value (Case Study of Plantation Subsector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2014-2022)

The decline in company value amidst high demand for domestic palm oil is interesting to study. The research was conducted to determine the influence of the Independent Board of Commissioners, Managerial Ownership, Audit Committee, Leverage and Environmental Performance on Company Value as measured by Tobins'q with Company Size as a control variable. The object of the research is the agricultural plantation subsector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2014-2022. This research uses secondary data obtained from the IDX and company websites. Determining the sample using purposive sampling found 16 companies. Data analysis uses panel data regression using the Eviews 12 analysis tool. The research results partially show the influence of Managerial Ownership on Company Value. The Independent Board of Commissioners and Audit Committee do not influence Company Value. New findings on the Environmental Performance and Leverage variables have a negative effect on Company Value. Independent variables simultaneously influence Company Value.

Environmental Performance and Firm Value: Profitability as a Moderator

The objective of this study was to ascertain how the firm's value is influenced by environmental performance, using profitability as a moderating factor. Additionally, it sought to compare firm value, profitability, and ecological before, during and after Covid-19. The study used secondary data for a sample size of 50 manufacturing companies and participants in PROPER from 2019 to 2022. The results show no discernible relationship between firm value and environmental performance. The correlation between firm value and environmental performance is strengthened by the noteworthy positive moderation effect of probability. The firm value continued to drop both during and after the Covid-19 era. Environmental performance and profitability during COVID-19 show a decrease, but after 2022, both tend to be able to increase again, similar to the pre-COVID-19 period. The originality of this research lies in examining the comparisons before, during and after COVID-19 on environmental performance, firm value and profitability. Future research ideas include utilizing additional independent variables (e.g., CSR, company size, board of commissioners) that can impact firm value, as well as using alternative environmental performance measurements other than PROPER

Evaluation of The Implementation of POJK No.4/POJK.03/2015 Concerning The Implementation of Governance for Rural Banks at PT. BPR Dana Multi Guna

Good corporate governance or GCG is an important component for all types of businesses, especially rural banks (BPR). The main objective of GCG is to safeguard the interests of stakeholders, increase productivity in the organization, and minimize risks. Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) No. 4/POJK.03/2015 concerning the Implementation of Governance for Rural Banks was issued by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in 2015. The application of GCG principles in BPR, including elements of transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence, and justice, is strictly regulated in this POJK. According to this law, BPR must apply governance principles in every aspect of its business, at every level of the organization. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent to which rural banks (BPR) have complied with POJK No. 4/POJK.03/2015, especially related to the duties and obligations of the Board of Directors and Board of Commissioners. The purpose of this study is to collect information about the BPR governance process through interviews with PT. BPR Dana Multi Guna. After that, the data is checked and compared with related regulations to see if they are complied with. The evaluation findings show that PT. BPR Dana Multi Guna has fulfilled all directives of the Financial Services Authority regarding governance as outlined in POJK No. 4/POJK.03/2015. However, the study also reveals that rural banks should be more committed to implementing good governance and raising awareness of it. This is important so that BPR can improve performance, reduce potential risks, and safeguard the interests of stakeholders effectively.

The role of multiple directorships in minimizing idiosyncratic risk due to the presence of large shareholders: Evidence from Indonesian companies

This study aims to evaluate the role of multiple directorships in the relationship between large shareholders and idiosyncratic risk in Indonesian companies for 2017-2021. The study model included dynamic panel data for estimation and a two-step GMM system to address endogeneity issues. Multiple directorships and long-term shareholders have low-frequency data whereas idiosyncratic risk is associated with high-frequency data. The robustness test employed the Fama-Frenchhee factor model while the single factor model was used to evaluate idiosyncratic risk. Indonesia adheres to a two-tier system that separates the roles and functions of the board of directors and the board of commissioners. Furthermore, the concentrated ownership structure of Indonesian companies can cause agency problems between large and small shareholders. The study results show that large shareholders can strengthen the relationships of busy directors to reduce idiosyncratic risk. As a result, this research recommends increasing the role of multiple directorships in monitoring and predicting business conditions internally and externally to minimize interference from large shareholders which can cause expropriation due to agency problems.

Manajemen Risiko Reputasi Perbankan Syariah

Inherent risk is the risk attached to the business activities of Islamic banks, whether quantifiable or not, which has the potential to affect the financial position of the bank. Risk management applications, especially the risk of reputation for Islamic banks, either individually or for banks by way of confirmation by The children's industry does not include the active supervision of the board of commissioners, the board, and the DPS, policies, methods, and determination of limits, as well as methods of identification, measurement, control, and risk management and risk SIM. This risk arose, among others, due to the presence of media reports and rumors about banks having a negative attitude and the existence of an inefficient bank communication strategy. A negative announcement to one Islamic bank would tarnish the good name of another Islamic bank, even though other Islamic banks did not participate in this responsible action. The best reputation risk management method is to implement a predictive or preventive action program and a reputation maintenance program. Risk A good name is an abstract risk and is an intangible asset for the industry. Prosecution of reputational risks should be in a preventive way because the cost of handling this risk is very large and can eventually disrupt and kill the industry.

Performance of gender diversity on board of directors: The case of Indonesia

This study further explores women’s role in top management in Indonesia, where men still dominate that position. This study underlines the role of women’s boards of commissioners in producing better financial performance in the specific sectors, manufacturing and service sectors, where the power of women to lead these sectors is more optimal. The sample is selected from the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2009–2018. The final sample is 780 observations. This study applies panel data, which is more robust when controlling heterogeneity. Data panel regression is applied to analyze data. This study finds that gender diversity harms market-based performance, while from accounting-based measures, gender diversity has a significant positive effect. This study is applied explicitly in the manufacturing and services industrial sectors; therefore, carefully generalizing the results is necessary. Research in other specific sectors is very open to obtaining specific results in various industries, including developing countries other than Indonesia. The market has not trusted the role of women in top management; there is still a kind of ‘hidden distrust’ about the capabilities of women in running the top leadership captain. The market needs more substantial evidence to believe in women’s performance on the board of directors. Therefore, it is necessary to provide wider opportunities for women to sit on the board of commissioners, as much as men have.