Board Of Commissioners Research Articles

FINANCIAL RATIOS AFFECTING FIRM VALUE AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AS MODERATING VARIABLE

The goal of this research is to gather the empirical data regarding the influence of financial performance, leverage, board of commissioner, sales growth, firm size, liquidity, and dividend policy on firm value. Moreover, corporate governance moderates the impact of financial performance on firm value. The non-financial company used in this research is the consumer cyclicals and non-cyclicals companies with total 43 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2020 to 2022. The hypothesis testing method used is multiple regression method that resulting financial performance, board of commissioner, sales growth, firm size, and liquidity impact the value of a firm. Strong financial performance will attract investors to invest in company, which will grow stock price. Independent commissioner monitors company’s financial statement that is align with company’s real condition, so it increases investor’s trust as well as firm value. Higher sales growth, the lower firm value due to higher tax expense and production cost. Higher total asset causes lack of efficiency in supervising operational activities and strategies by management. Greater current assets, reflect higher current ratio, have lower return than fixed assets. Therefore, the firm value will decrease. Corporate governance negatively moderates the influence of financial performance on firm value. In decision-making, investors consider high managerial ownership due to opportunistic management’s propensity. Meanwhile, leverage and dividend policy have no impact on firm value.

Impact of The Corporate Governance on Sustainability Report Disclosure with Environmental Performance as A Moderation Variable in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the effect of corporate governance on sustainability report disclosure, with environmental performance acting as a moderating variable. The analysis focuses on the role of the board of directors, independent commissioners, audit committees, and financial performance in influencing the quality of sustainability reporting, particularly within the Indonesian context. Environmental performance is measured using the PROPER scale. The study utilizes data from the annual and sustainability reports of 20 companies in the basic materials and energy mining sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2022, amounting to 100 observations. The data is processed using SPSS 23. The results show that the presence of female directors significantly enhances the quality of sustainability disclosures, as they tend to prioritize social responsibility. Moreover, financial performance, as measured by Return on Assets (ROA), positively affects sustainability reporting, with companies in better financial health being more transparent in their disclosures. Environmental performance, when combined with strong independent oversight, further improves reporting quality, reflecting the positive influence of independent commissioners and sound financial governance. The study concludes that environmental performance, as measured by the PROPER scale, plays a significant role in improving sustainability disclosures in Indonesia. It recommends that the Indonesian government provide stronger support and clearer regulations to help companies improve their sustainability practices and contribute to the G20 agenda.

Early Operative Risk Assessment Using the Modified Mannheim Peritonitis Index in Patients With Generalised Peritonitis at a Tertiary Hospital in Abuja, Nigeria.

Introduction The use of validated prognostic scoring tools in resource-poor environments has been hampered by the cost of procuring and maintaining devices, such as arterial blood gas analysers, to measure critical physiological derangements.Attempts need to be made to adapt these applicable risk stratification tools so they can be easily adopted in developing countries like Nigeria. Aim This study assessed the usefulness of a modified Mannheim peritonitis index (mMPI) as arisk stratification tool in predicting surgical outcomes in managing patients with generalised peritonitis in Abuja, Nigeria. Methods This was a prospective study of consecutive adult patients managed for generalised peritonitis at a tertiary hospital in Abuja over 12 months. Approval numbers NHA/EC/037/2019 and AF/013/17/110/1514 were ascribed to the project by the Institute Review Board Committee (IBR) of the National Hospital Abuja (NHA) and the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria. The MPI was modified using respiratory rate and suboptimal percentage oxygen saturation (SpO2). Patient characteristics and treatment outcomes obtained were entered into a structured proforma, checked, and analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0 (Released 2017; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). The threshold score of the modified MPI and the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were derived from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and its coordinates. The level of statistical significance was set at a p-value of <0.05. Results There were 49 patients with generalised peritonitis during the study period with a male-to-female ratio of 2.5:1. The commonest cause of peritonitis in this study was penetrating abdominal injury (n=15, 30.6%), followed by complicated appendicitis (n=12, 24.5%). This study's mortality and morbidity rates were 14.3% and 63.3%, respectively. On the ROC curve, the modified MPI best predicts mortality at a threshold score point of ≥26 (accuracy of 79.4%, sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity of 61.9%, p=0.013) and morbidity at a threshold score of ≥23 (accuracy of 78.4%, sensitivity of 77.4%, specificity of 72.2%, p=0.001). Conclusion The modified MPI can be used as a risk assessment tool to predict postoperative outcomes in adult patients operated on for generalised peritonitis within 30 days of operative intervention at Abuja.This modification may be helpful in low-resource centres with limited access to arterial blood gas analysers. However, the original MPI might be a more accurate tool.

Cross-region feature fusion of global and local area for subtype classification prediction in cervical tumour

Background and objectivesTo develop a cross-regional feature fusion model for the classification of cervical tumour subtypes using non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we aimed to explore feature representation in both global and local areas, and to compare their effect on predictive performance. Method and materialsThis retrospective study included 100 patients with cervical cancer, approved by the Ethical Review Board Committee. Self-supervised learning-based global features were fused with local features for subtype classification modelling. Global features were extracted from the bottleneck of our 3D autoencoder network, while local features were derived based on a radiomics tool. Utilizing the global and local features, the classification model is based on machine learning algorithms to predict two subtypes with pathologically confirmed cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Comparison performance was accessed using area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and precision. ResultThe cross-regional feature fusion model showed the best performance (accuracy: 0.95 vs 0.65 in the fusion model and global model) by the support vector machines (SVM) classifier. Even when applied to axial slices with various classification methods, the fusion model consistently yields the best results. ConclusionOur approach preliminary evidence suggests that the fusion of global and local features provides a significant advantage in the clinical diagnosis of cervical cancer subtypes, warranting further investigation and potential application in cervical cancer diagnosis.

Corporate Governance Attributes and Sustainability of Selected Commercial State Corporations in Kenya

The sustainability of an organization means a lot, for it guarantees social responsibility, financial savings, preservation of resources, reduction of waste, and environmental protection. Kenya's commercial State Corporations face instances of mismanagement, financial improprieties, and inadequate disclosure and have expressed concerns regarding the sustainability and efficacy of these institutions. Specifically, this investigation sought to address these issues by examining the link between corporate governance characteristics and the viability of commercial state corporations in Kenya. The objectives were to evaluate the effect of board members' occupational expertise, board committee meetings, board tenure and board size on the sustainability of commercial state corporations in Kenya. The research can be pegged on 5 major theories, which encompass the Triple Bottom Line Model, Agency Theory, Stakeholders Theory, and Resource Dependence Theory. The Explanatory research design and research design were used in the research. Panel regression analysis was the chosen empirical model, considering the panel data nature of the research. The audited financial reports of the five firms served as the source of secondary data using a data collection schedule guide. Census was utilized because the target population of five commercial state corporations was below the central limit theorem threshold of the normal population. Diagnostic tests for the study were multicollinearity, normality, stationarity, heteroscedasticity, and the Hausman specification test, which were conducted to ensure the sturdiness of the results. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive analysis involves means and standard deviations, while inferential analysis utilizes panel regression analysis. Finally, the data analysis output was presented using tables. The study further concluded that the coefficient for board committee meetings was not significant, suggesting that meeting frequency does not significantly affect sustainability. Board tenure demonstrated a significant positive impact on sustainability, while board size also showed a significant positive effect. In an increasingly dynamic business environment, commercial state corporations should embrace innovation and adaptation to remain resilient and sustainable. This may involve leveraging emerging technologies, exploring new business models, and anticipating and responding to evolving market trends and regulatory requirements. Boards should encourage a culture of innovation and agility to drive long-term value creation and competitiveness.

LEGAL PROTECTION FOR NOTARIES IN MAKING A DEED OF STATEMENT OF MEETING RESOLUTION (PKR) BASED ON CIRCULAR DECISIONS OUTSIDE THE GENERAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS (GMS) MADE BY SHAREHOLDERS (Case Study at the Office of Notary Mulyani, S.H., M.Kn)

A notary is a public official authorized to make an authentic deed. The General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) is an organ of a limited liability company that has the highest authority in the company that is not given to the Board of Directors and the Board of Commissioners. This study examines how circular decisions are made outside the GMS at PT WSA and how legal protection for notaries against the preparation of a deed of Meeting Decision Statement (PKR) based on Circular Decisions outside the GMS according to Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Notary Positions. This study aims to find out the circular decision making outside the GMS at PT WSA and the legal protection for notaries against the preparation of a deed of Meeting Decision Statement (PKR) based on the Circular Decision outside the GMS according to Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Notary Positions. The research method used is qualitative with a normative juridical approach. The hypothesis in this study is that the circular decision of PT WSA is carried out without being attended or carried out in the presence of a Notary. The notary does not play a role in making circular decisions of PT WSA, the notary only pours the contents of the circular decision into an authentic deed. So that the Notary cannot be prosecuted criminally or civilly, because in making the deed, the statement of the meeting decision has been in accordance with the content of the circular decision outside the GMS made by the shareholders of PT WSA without reducing, adding and changing its content

Is the Nexus between Gender Diversity and Firm Financial Distress Moderated by CEO Duality?

This study examines the impact of gender diversity in the positions of board commissioners, executive directors, and audit committee members on the financial performance of firms experiencing financial trouble. It also evaluates whether the presence of a CEO with multiple responsibilities moderates this relationship. The analysis encompassed 224 publicly traded companies from the non-financial sector, spanning the years 2012 to 2021. The study employed the dynamic panel model system GMM to address issues of endogeneity, simultaneity, and heterogeneity in the data. The findings indicate that the presence of women on supervisory boards and in senior positions has a substantial impact. Companies with a higher number of female board members have reduced financial hardship among Malaysian listed enterprises. Female directors exhibit a greater level of caution and risk aversion while participating in management choices, which is a significant conclusion. Research indicates that the majority of financial variables are inherently endogenous, so dynamic models are better suited for analyzing the interaction between these variables. This study also presents the notable correlation between gender diversity on boards of management, CEO duality, and financial difficulty.

Association of SLCO1B1 gene variants with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough in a Pakistani hypertensive cohort.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are prescribed for individuals with high cardiovascular (CV) risk; however, persistent cough limits the use of ACEIs in a large number of patients. The current study aimed to identify the genetic variants in the SLCO1B1 gene that might be associated with ACEI-related cough in a Pakistani hypertensive population. A prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. A total of 74 patients who had been treated with ACEIs were recruited through a convenient sampling method. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board & Ethics Committee of the Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad. Patients provided 2ml of blood for sequencing after signing informed consent. Partial gene sequencing of SLCO1B1 was carried out to find single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes. It was found, through a structured questionnaire, that thirty-eight (38) patients experienced cough within 2weeks of ACEI administration and were considered as a case group (cough), and thirty-six (36) patients were considered as a control group (no cough). The incidence of cough was 51%. We found six different SNPs and 9 haplotypes in the partial gene sequences of SLCO1B1. Haplotype H4 was associated significantly with cough after adjusting for sex and smoking status. Other SNPs and haplotypes were not significantly associated with ACE-Is-induced cough. These findings emphasize the significance of SLCO1B1 genetic variants, specifically H4, as a potential predictor of ACEI-induced cough. It could be included in clinical practice as a possible risk factor for ACEI-induced cough once confirmed in larger clinical trials with bigger sample sizes. The replication of these findings in larger and more diverse populations is likely to contribute to the therapeutic use of ACEIs by predicting ACEI-induced cough.

Do the specific characteristics of female directors work as alternative governance mechanisms to restrict earnings management in a developing country?

AbstractThis inquiry probes whether or not female directors and their specific characteristics effectively restrict earnings management (EM) measured by accrual‐based earnings management (AEM) and real‐based earnings management (REM) in a sample of 217 Pakistani companies from 2016 to 2021. The outcomes of the ordinary least squares with panel corrected standard errors demonstrated that boards with female directors are more effective in restricting EM than others. The results also explain that the proportion of female directors on the board and audit committee and the experience of the former are significantly and inversely associated with AEM and REM. However, women directors should be at least two or more on the board to effectively control AEM and REM since the role of a lone female director is insignificant in their mitigation. The positive effect of the female directors' master's or above qualification is slightly higher than their bachelor's or below education in opposing AEM and REM. Furthermore, the business education of female directors significantly, while their non‐business education insignificantly reduces AEM and REM. The findings are consistent and reliable for being validated by the generalised method of moments as an alternative estimator. Overall, the inquiry complements the literature, theory, practice, and policy in several ways.

Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance terhadap Nilai Perusahaan yang dimediasi oleh Return on Asset pada Perusahaan Sektor Healthcare yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2019-2022

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of GCG on company value and its indirect influence through Return on Assets (RoA). The research sample consisted of 15 Healthcare sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the 2019-2022 period, with data analysis techniques using path analysis. The research results show that the variable size of the board of commissioners, board of directors and institutional ownership on RoA has no influence on Tobin's Q, while RoA on Tobin's Q has a positive influence. In addition, RoA is unable to mediate the influence of the size of the board of commissioners, board of directors and institutional ownership on Tobin's Q.

The Effect of Institutional Ownership, Independent Board of Commissioners and Profitability on Tax Avoidance in Technology Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

This study aims to analyze the effect of institutional ownership, independent board of commissioners, and profitability on tax avoidance in technology companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2021-2023 period. The research method used is quantitative with secondary data analysis from financial reports published through the Indonesia Stock Exchange website. Analysis techniques include descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. The results of the study partially show that Institutional Ownership has a significant but negative effect on tax avoidance with a t-value of -6.350 and a significance of 0.028, which is greater than 0.05. The Independent Board of Commissioners has a significant but negative effect on tax avoidance, reflected in the t-value of -5.395 and a significance of 0.034, which is greater than 0.05. Likewise, profitability has a significant but negative effect on tax avoidance with a t-value of -1.758 and a significance of 0.048 greater than 0.05. Simultaneous analysis shows that the combination of these three variables as a whole has a significant effect on tax avoidance. In conclusion, each variable partially and simultaneously shows a significant influence on tax avoidance, which indicates that these factors need to be considered in the company's strategy related to tax avoidance. Keywords: Independent Board of Commissioners, Institutional Ownership, Profitability, Technology Companies, Tax Avoidance

PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN DENGAN PROFITABILITAS SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI

This study aims to examine the effect of Good Corporate Governance proxied with independent board of commissioners, audit committee, and institutional ownership on company value proxied with Tobin's Q with profitability proxied with Return On Asset (ROA) as a mediation variable. The population in this study was obtained using purposive sampling method on Banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2019-2021 and based on predetermined criteria, a sample of 68 companies was obtained. The analysis method used is path analysis and sobel test with SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) Version 25 application tools. The results of the research analysis prove that: 1) The independent board of commissioners has an effect on profitability, 2) The audit committee has no effect on profitability, 3) institutional ownership has an effect on probability, The independent board of commissioners has an effect on the value of the company, 4) The independent board of commissioners has an effect on the value of the company, 5) The audit committee has no effect on the value of the company, 6) Institutional ownership has an effect on the value of the company, 7) Profitability has no effect on the value of the company, 8) Profitability as a mediating variable is not able to mediate the influence of the variable of the independent board of commissioners on the value of the company, 9) Profitability as a mediating variable is not able to mediate the effect of audit committee variables on company value, 10) Profitability as a mediation variable is not able to mediate the influence of institutional ownership variables on company value

PENERAPAN MEKANISME CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN DI INDONESIA

This research aims to examine the influence of corporate governance mechanisms on company performance. The sample for this research is banking companies listed on the IDX in 2019 - 2021. Data was taken from the company's annual report. Four corporate governance variables, namely the size of the board of directors, the size of the board of commissioners, managerial ownership, and the independent audit committee are used to explain company performance. Regression analysis is used to test the influence of corporate governance mechanisms on company performance. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis, it shows that the size of the Board of Directors and Independent Internal Auditors has a significant effect on banking company performance, while the Size of the Board of Commissioners and Managerial Ownership do not have a significant effect on performance. banking companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange

Board of Commissioners, Chairman of Board of Directors, and Performance Audit Reports on Indonesian Banking Sector: The GMM System Approach

In addition to increasing the banking industry’s relevance, timely audit reporting builds the industry’s credibility, dependability, and confidence. Still, bank delays in audit reporting are a constant in practically every nation, including Indonesia. The chairman of the board of directors and the board of commissioners’ roles in audit reporting performance are investigated in this study. This study examines three significant variables that have not been examined by prior researchers, namely the number of female commissioners, the chairman of the Board of Directors’ term of office, and the independence and size of the Board of Commissioners, in relation to the performance of audit reporting in the banking sector. The study samples were 43 commercial banks in the Indonesian capital market during the 2014-2021 period. Data is estimated using the generalized method of moments (GMM). The results show that the reporting performance of the banking sector audit in the current year is positively influenced by the performance in the previous year. The size and independence of the board of commissioners increase the banking sector audit reporting performance, conversely. The term of office of the chairman of the board decreases audit reporting performance. This study did not find the significant role of the board of commissioners and the age of the chairman of the board of directors on the reporting performance of the banking sector in Indonesia. Keywords: board of commissioners, chairman of board of directors, audit report lag, GMM system approach

INFLUENCE OF THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS AND FINANCE PERFORMANCE ON SUSTAINABILITY REPORTS

This research aims to determine the influence of the board of commissioners, company size and profitability on sustainability reports. The population used in this research is state-owned companies that report annual reports consistently in 2021-2022. The analytical method used in this research is logistic regression with the SPSS version 25 for Windows program. The population in this research is all state-owned companies, totaling 63 companies. The sample was determined based on the purposive sampling method totaling 126 companies. The data used in this research is secondary data. Partially, the results of this research show that the board of commissioners and company size influence the sustainability report. Profitability does not have a significant effect on the sustainability report. Simultaneously, the results of this research show that the board of commissioners, company size and profitability simultaneously influence the sustainability report.

The Influence of Good Corporate Governance Mechanism and Audit Quality on the Level of Accounting Conservatism

The objective of this study is to determine whether Managerial Ownership, an Independent Board of Commissioners, a Board of Directors, an Audit Committee, and Audit Quality influence Accounting Conservatism in Manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2019 and 2022. The sampling technique was purposive sampling of 37 companies that satisfied the criteria. The technique employs panel data regression analysis with the Eviews 12 software. The outcomes of the study show that partial managerial ownership and the board of directors have an impact on accounting conservatism. Meanwhile, the independent board of commissioners, audit committee, and audit quality all demonstrate that they have little impact on accounting conservatism. Simultaneously, the research findings reveal that managerial ownership, an independent board of commissioners, a board of directors, an audit committee, and audit quality all have an impact on accounting conservatism.

The Influence of Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Ownership Structure and Board of Commissioners on Risk Management Disclosure

The Influence of Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Ownership Structure and Board of Commissioners on Risk Management Disclosure

The Impact of Independent Board of Commissioners, Institutional Ownership, on ROE through Managerial Ownership

The Impact of Independent Board of Commissioners, Institutional Ownership, on ROE through Managerial Ownership

Corporate Governance and Organizational Growth: A Case of Nepalese Commercial Banks

This study examines the impact of corporate governance on the organizational growth in the context of Nepalese commercial banks. The selected dependent variables are return on equity and return on assets. Similarly, the selected independent variables are board meeting, board diversity, audit committee size, board interdependence, firm age and board size. The study is based on secondary data of 15 commercial banks with 105 observations for the period from 2015/16 to 2021/22. The data were collected from Banking and Financial Statistics published by Nepal Rastra Bank, publications and websites of Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) and annual reports of the selected commercial banks. The correlation coefficients and regression models are estimated to test the significance and importance of corporate governance on the organizational growth in the context of Nepalese commercial banks. The study showed that board independence has a positive impact on return on equity. It means that higher the number of independent directors on the board, higher would be the return on equity. Similarly, board diversity has a positive effect on return on assets and return on equity. It means that increase in proportion female directors on board leads to increase in return on assets and return on equity. The results of the study also showed that audit committee has a positive impact on return on assets and return on equity. It implies that larger the size of audit committee, higher would be the return on assets and return on equity. However, firm age has a positive impact on return on assets. This shows that increase in firm age leads to increase in return on assets. Similarly, board size has a positive impact on return on assets and return on equity. It implies that larger the board size, higher would be the return on assets and return on equity.

Factors Affecting The Integrity of Company Financial Statements

This research aims to test and gather empirical evidence of Factors Affecting the Integrity of the Company's Financial Statements. Factors examined in this study include Audit Committee, Board of Commissioners, Institutional Ownership, Audit Tenure, Auditor Industry Specialization and Financial Distress as independent variables. Meanwhile, the dependent variable is the Integrity of Financial Statements. The sample chosen for this study is Consumer Goods Industry Sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2020-2022, then purposive sampling method was implemented as the sampling technique. This study uses secondary data: the company's financial statements and annual reports. The collected data were then analysed by multiple linear regression using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The study’s findings reveal that the Audit Committee positively affects the integrity of Financial Statements. Meanwhile, the Board of Commissioners, Institutional Ownership, Audit Tenure Auditor Industry Specialization, and Financial Distress do not affect the Integrity of Financial Statements. It is recommended that further research consider adding variables as independent variables, moderating variables or intervention variables that have the potential to increase their influence on the integrity of financial reports.