BO4 Structural Units Research Articles

Effect of Dy3+ ions on physical, structural and thermal properties of ZnNaPbB glasses

In this report, inspired by the excellent spectroscopic characteristics of dysprosium (Dy3+) ions doped borate glasses, a series with the composition (70-x)B2O3-10ZnO-10PbO-10Na2CO3-xDy2O3 (here ‘x’ have the values as 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 in mol % ) was made using the melt quenching process and named as ZnNaPbBDy0.1 to ZnNaPbBDy2.0. Here we study the physical, structural and thermal properties of Dy3+ ions doped Zinc Sodium Lead Borate (ZnNaPbB) glasses through different characterization techniques like Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and decay spectroscopy. Several physical parameters were evaluated to assess the effect of Dy3+ inclusion. FT-IR and Raman spectra confirm the presence of BO3 and BO4 structural units. The data recorded by DSC spectra have been used to predict the glass transition temperature (Tg). The nature of decay spectra was estimated which diverges from exponential to non-exponential at higher concentrations. The decay spectral data is used to calculate the experimental lifetimes for all the glass samples. The Inoakutti Hirayama (I-H) model and Dexter’s plot are used to confirm the type of interaction between the donor and acceptor Dy3+- Dy3+ ions is dipole–dipole in nature that is responsible for the emission intensity quenching with concentration. All the above results might be advantageous for variety of applications in photonic devices.

Compositional impacts of high CdO content on the structure and radiation shielding efficiency of CoO–Na2O–B2O3 glass system

Here, this study investigated the structural changes and radiation shielding efficiency of a borate glass host modified by varying cadmium oxide (CdO) concentrations. The glass composition consisted of boron oxide (B2O3; 80:56 mol%), sodium oxide (Na2O; 19.6 mol%), and cobalt oxide (CoO; 0.4 mol%), with cadmium oxide (CdO; 0:24 mol%). The glass structure was analyzed utilizing mass density and FT-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in the 400 to 1600 cm−1 range, while radiation shielding properties were investigated utilizing the online Phy-X software in the 0.284–1.333 MeV energy window. Notably, the addition of CdO significantly impacted the glass density, increasing it by approximately 93 % as the added CdO concentration rose from 0 to 24 mol% (i.e., from 2.507 g/cm3 to 4.849 g/cm3). FTIR analysis revealed a concurrent increase in BO4 structural units with increasing CdO/B2O3 ratios. This observation was supported by the calculated N4BO4/(BO3+BO4) ratio, which increased from 40.73% for the CdO-free sample to 52.00% for the highest CdO content. This increase in BO4 units, denser than BO3 units, explains the observed density increase. Conversely, the concentration of non-bridging oxygens decreased from 10.14% to 4.34% with increasing CdO contents, indicating a more tightly packed glass network. Radiation shielding studies demonstrated that increasing CdO concentration from 0 to 24 mol% enhanced the shielding efficiency, evidenced by a decrease in the half-value layer parameter (HVL). The radiation protection efficacy (RPE) also increased from 0.214 to 0.426 for the CdO-free sample to the sample containing 24 mol% CdO at the investigated energy level. This finding highlights the superior shielding capability of the CdO-rich sample. Furthermore, the transmission factor (TF) was investigated for a constant thickness of 0.75 cm for glasses. The CdO-rich sample exhibited a lower TF compared to the CdO-free sample, particularly at lower energies. This finding confirms that, for a given thickness and energy, raising the cadmium oxide content in the current composition leads to an observed mitigation in the transmitted radiation.

Structural, thermal and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic properties of boro-tellurite based quaternary glass system

The structural, functional and thermal properties of the TeZnCaB glass system were investigated in this work. The thermal properties of the glass system were studied using DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), and the glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased from 470 °C to 438 °C with increasing TeO2 concentration. The vibrational and bending modes of the TeZnCaB glass samples were depicted by Raman spectroscopy analysis. FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) was performed to investigate the functional groups of TeO2 and B2O3 in the samples. The TeZnCaB glass samples consist of TeO3, TeO4, BO4 and BO3 structural units. XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) was investigated to reveal information about the chemical environment and the creation of NBO (non-bridging oxygen) and BO (bridging oxygen) for the different glass systems. The high-resolution Te3d spectrum confirms the presence of various tellurium-based structural units such as TeO4, TeO3, and TeO3+1. The deconvolution of B1s spectra confirmed the existence of two forms of boron (B) such as BO4 (four coordination) and BO3 (three coordination) in the TeZnCaB glass system.

Evaluating the role of Er3+ ion on the structural, optical and thermal properties of CaO–ZrO2–Y2O3–B2O3–SiO2 glasses

The present work is involved in synthesizing, characterizing, and evaluating the role of Er3+ ion on structural, optical, and thermal properties of 20CaO–10ZrO2–10Y2O3-30 B2O3-(30-x)SiO2-xEr2O3 (x = 0.3, 0.6, 1.0, and 1.5 mol%) compositions. The as-synthesized samples are characterized by various experimental techniques such as XRD, FTIR, Raman, UV visible spectroscopy, and DSC to study their suitability for optoelectronic applications. The density of glasses increases, whereas the molar volume decreases with the doping of Er2O3 in place of SiO2. The amorphous nature of the prepared samples is confirmed by the X-ray diffraction pattern. FTIR and Raman spectra confirm the presence of BO4 and BO3 structural units in the prepared glass samples. The UV–visible absorption spectra show 4G9/2, 4G11/2, 2G9/2, 4F5/2, 4F7/2, 2H11/2, and 4F9/2 transitions with the Er2O3 doping. The optical band gap increases from 3.25 to 3.61 eV, whereas the refractive index decreases from 2.33 to 2.24 with increasing doping of Er2O3, except for the SE-1.5 glass sample. The molar refraction decreases with Er2O3 doping. The glass transition temperature increases from 472 to 512 °C with Er2O3 doping in place of SiO2, except for the SE-1.5 glass. SE-0.3 glass shows the highest thermal stability, while SE-1.5 glass shows the lowest thermal stability. Therefore, these glasses can be considered for application in optoelectronics.

Synergistic optimization of physical, thermal, structural, mechanical, optical and radiation shielding characteristics in borate glasses doped with Bi2O3

This paper presents the effect of Bi2O3 on physical, thermal, structural, mechanical, optical, and radiation shielding properties of borate-based glasses having a composition (60-x)B2O3–25Na2O–13BaO-2Gd2O3-xBi2O3; x = 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mol%. XRD analysis confirms the amorphous structure of the prepared glasses. As Bi2O3 content increases from 0 to 20 mol%, density of the glasses increases from 2.729 to 3.896 g/cm3, and molar volume rises from 30.947 to 42.017 cm3/mol. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the samples decreased with Bi2O3 content. FTIR analysis reveals the presence of BO3, BO4, BiO3, and BiO6 structural units in the prepared glasses. Optical absorption studies indicate a decrease in band gap energy from 3.006 to 2.573 eV for indirect transitions implying non-bridging oxygen atom formation and this inference is supported by both physical and FTIR results. The elastic parameters, derived from Makishima-Mackenzie model decreased with increased Bi2O3 concentration suggesting a reduction in mechanical properties. The mass attenuation coefficient (μm), determined through experimental measurements and using Phy-X/PSD software, yielded closely aligned values. Other shielding parameters such as half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), and effective atomic number (Zeff) were also calculated. The glass containing 20 mol% Bi2O3 exhibited a significant gamma-ray shielding potential due to its high μm value, (0.1260 cm2/g at 0.511 MeV and 0.0960 cm2/g at 0.662 MeV) and Zeff together with low HVL and MFP. A Comparative analysis of the μm values for the present glasses and that of other glasses containing Bi2O3 is also presented.

Effects of composition on the structure, thermal and some physical characteristics of Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO-SiO2 glasses

The influence of composition on the structure, thermal, and some physical characteristics of bismuth borate glasses, formulated as 55Bi2O3–(35-x-y)B2O3–(5+x)ZnO–(5+y)SiO2 (where 0 ≤ x, y ≤ 15 mol%), was investigated. Comprehensive analyses were conducted using techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), and Dilatometry. XRD confirmed the amorphous nature of the glass samples, while FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the glasses are primarily composed of BO4, BO3, BiO6, BiO3, ZnO4, and SiO4 structural units. DTA provided further evidence of the samples' glassy state and insights into key temperatures like glass transition (Tg), crystallization (Tc), and melting (Tm). The study finds that substituting B2O3 with SiO2 increases all characteristic temperatures, whereas replacing it with ZnO decreases Tg and Tc but increases Tm. The maximum thermal stability, indicated by a ΔT of 99°C, was observed in the glass with a 55Bi2O3–20B2O3–20ZnO–5SiO2 composition. Dilatometric measurements showed that the investigated glasses have a high coefficient of thermal expansion (10.0–10.7 ppm/°C) values, a low glass transition temperature (345–376°C), and a low dilatometric softening temperature (364–392°C). Additionally, the density and molar volume of the samples were accurately determined.

Physical, thermal, optical, shielding and elastic properties of Bi2O3–B2O3–TeO2 glass system doped with Fe2O3

For the present study, Bi2O3–B2O3–TeO2 glass system is doped with Fe2O3 to determine its effect on the various properties of the system. Six samples of compositions 35 Bi2O3-40 B2O3-(25-x) TeO2-x Fe2O3 mol %, where x = (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 mol %), are prepared via the melt quenching technique and their physical, thermal, optical, radiation shielding and elastic properties investigated. Raman spectra reveals that the glass network is comprised of BO3, BO4, TeO4 and BiO6 structural units which are disrupted by Fe, acting as a network modifier. XRD patterns confirmed the amorphous nature of the samples. EPR spectra reveal that dopant iron is present in Fe3+ state, at various spins, in the glass network system. Optical absorption measurements (UV-VIS) show that increasing Fe2O3 concentration decreases optical band gap energies which in turn increase refractive index, polarizability and optical basicity of the samples. Metallization criterion indicates that the synthesized glass system non-metallic nature slightly decreases with increasing dopant concentration. Bandgap energy decreased with doping, indicating a decrease in the disorder in the glass network system. Decreases in density and cross-link density were observed with doping whilst increases in molar volume, oxygen molar volume and oxygen packing density occurred. An increase in Hruby's parameter indicates that the thermal stability and glass-forming ability of the samples increased with doping. Elastic moduli increased with doping, increasing the stiffness and damage resistance of the samples. Doping causes a slight decrease in radiation shielding ability; however, radiation shielding ability remains greater than that of concrete.

The role of Nb2O5 on structural, mechanical, and gamma-ray shielding characteristics of lithium molybdenum borate glasses

A series of glasses with the formula 64B2O3–16MoO3- (20-x) Li2O- xNb2O5 where x = 0 to 12, were synthesized. Utilizing XRD profiles, the amorphous state of the investigated glasses has been established. With an increase in Nb2O5 it is found that the gradual replacement of Li2O by Nb2O5 increases the density from 2.43 to 3.09 g/cm3 and the molar volume of the studied glasses decreases from 30.27 × 10−6 m3 mol−1 to 24.91 × 10−6 m3 mol−1. The addition of Nb2O5 increases the number of bridge oxygens and alters the coordination number of the glasses by forming BO4 structural units, according to the FTIR results. As the Nb2O5 increased ultrasonic velocities VL&VT also increased. VL increased from 4780 to 5150, and VT increased from 2295 to 2715 m/s. Ultrasonic velocity and elastic moduli increase as a result of structural changes brought on by an increase in BO4 at the expense of BO3. It is noted that the theoretically predicted elastic moduli utilizing Makishima-Mackenzie models (MMM) and the experimental elastic moduli indicate a very good agreement. The features of gamma-ray shielding were evaluated using the Phy-X/PSD program. It has been noted that the greatest mass & linear attenuation coefficient (MAC) & (LAC) occurred at 0.02 MeV. With an increase in energy, the half- and tenth-value layers HVL and TVL increased, while decreasing with an increase in Nb2O5. These observations suggest that the synthesized glasses are better candidates for gamma radiation shielding.

Effect of B2O3 on the Structure, Properties and Antibacterial Abilities of Sol-Gel-Derived TiO2/TeO2/B2O3 Powders.

This paper studies the influence of B2O3 on the structure, properties and antibacterial abilities of sol-gel-derived TiO2/TeO2/B2O3 powders. Titanium(IV) butoxide, telluric(VI) acid and boric acid were used as precursors. Differences were observed in the degree of decomposition of Ti butoxide in the presence of H3BO3 and H6TeO6 acids. The phase transformations of the obtained gels in the temperature range of 200-700 °C were investigated by XRD. Composite materials containing an amorphous phase and different crystalline phases (metallic Te, α-TeO2, anatase, rutile and TiTe3O8) were prepared. Heating at 400 °C indicated a crystalline-to-amorphous-phase ratio of approximately 3:1. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed the preparation of plate-like TiO2 nanoparticles. The IR results showed that the short-range order of the amorphous phases that are part of the composite materials consists of TiO6, BO3, BO4 and TeO4 structural units. Free B2O3 was not detected in the investigated compositions which could be related to the better connectivity between the building units as compared to binary TiO2/B2O3 compositions. The UV-Vis spectra of the investigated gels exhibited a red shift of the cut-off due to the presence of boron and tellurium units. The binary sample achieved the maximum photodegradation efficiency (94%) toward Malachite green dye under UV irradiation, whereas the ternary sample photoactivity was very low. The compositions exhibited promising antibacterial activity against E. coli NBIMCC K12 407.

Effect of CuO on physical, structural and optical properties of lithium borosilicate glasses

This paper reports the effect of copper on the physical, structural and optical properties of lithium borosilicate glasses with the composition of 50B2O3-30SiO2-(20-x) Li2O-xCuO (x = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mol %) synthesized by the conventional melt-quench technique. The prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy to study their structural and optical properties. Various physical parameters such as density, molar volume, oxygen packing density, ionic concentration and their inter-ionic distance are investigated. The band gap decreases from 3.64 to 2.70 eV with CuO doping into Li2O. The BO4 structural units change into BO3 units with the addition of CuO. The change in dielectric constant, extinction coefficient, refractive index and skin depth as a function of wavelength is also discussed. The theoretical optical basicity and oxide ion polarizability are found to increase with Li2O doping in place of CuO.

Structural and optical properties of tungsten-sodium-zinc-borate glass doped α-Fe2O3 nanoparticle

The effect of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the structural, physical, and optical properties of the synthesized glass (45-x) B2O3 + 10WO3 + 20Na2O +25ZnO + xα-Fe2O3 (where x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1) via melt quenching technique was investigated. XRD and FTIR analysis confirmed the glass's amorphous nature in the absence of peaks in the spectrum and the presence of BO4 and BO3 structural units. The density increases while the molar volume decreases, with increasing dopant content. The FTIR analysis further reveals that the intensity of the B–O–B bond decreases as the α-Fe2O3 content increases, implying that the B–O–B bond in the bond ring isolated to BO3 units transforms into BO4 units. Also, the optical direct and indirect band gap decreases from 3.60 to 2.18 eV and 3.68 to 2.07 eV, respectively. The transmission coefficient decreases from 0.9 to 0.48, while the reflectance loss increases from 0.05 to 0.35 as dopant content increases. Urbach energy, interatomic separation, and metallization decrease, while the refractive index, molar refractivity, electronic polarizability, and dielectric constant increase with increasing dopant concentration. The refractive index based on metallization M(n) and optical band gap based on metallization M (Eopt) decreases from 0.66 to 0.18 and 0.43 to 0.33, respectively. Adding α-Fe2O3 reduced the bandgap energy and transformed the glass insulator qualities into semiconductor properties. The data show that the as-prepared glass is a possible candidate for photonic applications.

Physical and spectroscopic properties of PbO –ZnF2 – B2O3 glasses doped with CuO

The glass samples with the chemical composition of PbO − ZnF2 − B2O3: CuO has been prepared by melt quenching technique. All the prepared glass samples exhibits amorphous nature, were confirmed by the X-ray diffraction studies. The density of the glass samples were measured by using Archimedes’ principle. With help of measured densities various physical properties such as average molecular weight (M¯), molar volume, Interatomic distance(ri), dopant ion concentrations (Ni) were calculated by using standard formulas. Optical Absorption spectra studies reveals that the glass samples contains Cu ions exhibits a broad absorption band at about 780 nm due to 2B1g→2B2g transition.The spectra of Infrared transmission show prominent bands at wave numbers around 1200 to 1400 cm−1, which are caused by the trigonal BO3 units, at 1000 and 1200 cm-1which are caused by vibrations of BO4 structural units, and at about 700 cm−1 which are caused by B-O-B linkages.

Synthesis, structure and properties of PbO–PbF2–B2O3–SiO2 glasses

The structure, thermal and some physical properties of lead fluoroborate glasses containing 30 mol% SiO2 have been investigated by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The glasses were prepared by the conventional melt-quenching method. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that the network of these glasses consists mainly of BO3, BO4, SiO4, and PbO4 structural units. The thermal stability of the glass samples determined by differential thermal analysis was found to be about 80°C. Dilatometric measurements showed that the glass transition temperature and dilatometric softening temperature decrease with increasing lead content, whereas the coefficient of thermal expansion increases. The density and molar volume increased with the increase in lead content. The conductivity of the investigated glasses mainly depends on the mobility of F– and Pb2+ ions. The variation in volume resistance upon changing the composition has been correlated with the structural changes in the glass network. The results obtained in this study indicate that the investigated glasses can be potential candidates for advanced technologies as solder and sealing materials.

Effect of B2O3 and Li2O on vibrational, thermal and optical properties of 50Bi2O3-15PbO-(35-x)B2O3-xLi2O (0 ≤ x ≤ 25 mol%) glasses

Bi2O3 based glasses have been proven as promising optical materials with regard to their 6 s2 lone pair electrons. By melt quenching, the highly thermal stable glasses 50Bi2O3-15PbO-(35-x)B2O3-xLi2O (where 0 ≤ x ≤ 25 mol%) were prepared. The short range order of the glasses was verified with XRD and DSC measurements. DSC analysis showed that thermal parameters varied non-linearly with increase of Li2O. Density (ρ), molar volume (Vm), oxygen packing density (OPD) and oxygen molar volume (Vo) were calculated and their compositional dependency was discussed in detail. Energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) spectrometry analysis validated the stoichiometry of sample composition. FTIR analysis illustrated that the glass network comprise of BiO3, BiO6, BO3 and BO4 structural units together with non-bridging oxygens. The computed optical properties like optical band gap (Eopt), refractive index (n), Urbach energy (∆E), molar refraction (RM), metallization criterion (M) and oxide ion polarizability (αO2-) were observed to be non-linearly varied with the addition of Li2O. The interplay between the structural roles of Li2O and Bi2O3 was instrumental for the observed variations in all the properties. BiPBL4 glass showed the highest thermal stability (175 °C) and the high kgl value among the glass series. The incorporation of Li2O in presence of low mol% of B2O3 with Bi2O3-PbO endowed these glasses to have the low phonon energy. The analysis carried out in this work showed that these glasses might useful for optoelectronic devices and optical fiber drawing applications.

Influence of R2O3 (R=Al, La, Y) on the structure and properties of strontium borosilicate glasses

The influence of R2O3 (R=Al, La, Y) on the structure, thermal, and some physical properties of strontium borosilicate glasses have been investigated by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that the network of the investigated glasses consists mainly of BO3, BO4, and SiO4 structural units. The influence of R2O3 on the properties of strontium borosilicate glasses depends on the structural role of R3+ ions. The experimental results suggest that Al3+ ions act as intermediate in the investigated composition range, while La3+ and Y3+ ions act as modifiers and depolymerize the glass network. The obtained results showed that the glass transition temperature (610–6600С), dilatometric softening temperature (640–6750С), and molar volume (25.03–29.22 cm3/mol) values of the investigated glasses were increased with equimolar substitution of SrO by R2O3. The thermal expansion coefficient (6.8–9.5 ppm/K) of the investigated glasses was found to decrease with increasing the R2O3 content. The obtained results showed that the density (3.03–3.68 g/cm3) values of the investigated glasses were increased with increasing the Y2O3 and La2O3 content and decreased with increasing the Al2O3 content. The tendency to crystallize is higher in glasses containing La2O3 compared to glasses containing Y2O3 or Al2O3. The results obtained in this study indicate that the investigated glasses can be potential candidates for advanced aerospace and electronic applications as heat-resistant electrical insulating glass- and glass-ceramic-to-metal seals and coatings.

Comment on “Effect of BO4 and FeO4 Structural Units on Conduction Mechanism of Iron Borosilicate Glasses”

Comment on “Effect of BO4 and FeO4 Structural Units on Conduction Mechanism of Iron Borosilicate Glasses”

Study of the influence of MoO3 concentration on the chemical structure, physical properties, and radiation absorption prowess of alumino lead borate glasses

The present study presents the preparation of a glass system with composition of 55B2O3 - 30Pb3O4- Al2O3- MoO3, where by melt quenching conventional method. The structure of the synthesized samples was examined by XRD and FT-IR techniques. It was found that the molybdenum acts as a modifier and enhances the change between BO3 and BO4 structural units. Increasing MoO3 in the sample improved the glass network compactness. The influence of MoO3 content was studied on several physical parameters such as inter-ionic distance (Ri), the polaron radius (rp) and internuclear distance (ri), B—B separation (dB-B) average coordination number, number of bonds, field strength of (Mo+3), and the floppy modes. Increasing MoO3 doping concentration from 0–5 mol % produced corresponding increase in fast neutron effective removal cross section from 0.07127–0.10825 cm−1, total cross section for thermal neutrons from 68.35875–105.7526 cm−1, and an increment in the cold neutron scattering cross section. Furthermore, the influence of MoO3 doping in the glasses was such that the stopping powers and ranges RCSDA /Rp of electrons, proton, alpha particles, and carbon ion follows the trend: BPAM-G1 > BPAM-G2 > BPAM-G3 > BPAM-G4 > BPAM-G5, and (RCSDA /Rp)BPAM-G1 > (RCSDA /Rp)BPAM-G2 > (RCSDA /Rp)BPAM-G3 > (RCSDA /Rp)BPAM-G4 > ((RCSDA /Rp)BPAM-G5 respectively. On the other hand, the doping produced no noticeable differences in the equivalent atomic number and the exposure buildup factor of the glasses.

Investigations on Structural and Optical Properties of Various Modifier Oxides (MO = ZnO, CdO, BaO, and PbO) Containing Bismuth Borate Lithium Glasses

Bismuth based quaternary glasses with compositions BiBLM: 50Bi2O3–20B2O3–15Li2O–15MO (where MO = ZnO, CdO, BaO, and PbO) were processed by conventional melt quenching. The effectiveness of various modifier oxides on the optical and structural properties of the developed glasses was studied systematically by XRD, DSC, FTIR, Raman, and optical absorption (OA) measurements. The synthesized glass specimens were characterized by XRD and the patterns demonstrated an amorphous nature. The physical characteristics such as molar mass, density, and OPD values were found to increase with an increase in the molar mass of the modifier oxides, while there was a decrement in oxygen molar volume, thus resulting in decrement of complete molar volume of the prepared glasses. From DSC analysis, incorrigible reduction and enhancement of Tg and thermal stability among various modifier oxides in the glass network was noticed. Optical absorption data for glass specimens have confirmed the decrease in both direct and indirect optical band gap values among various modifier oxides incorporation. These investigations support the obtained Urbach energy (UE) and metallization criteria of synthesized glasses. The ionic characteristic for the glass specimens were confirmed by the values of electronic polarizability and electronegativity. The Raman and FT-IR spectra of the glass specimens displayed the existence of BiO3, BiO6, ZnO4, CdO4, BaO4, BO3, PbO4, and BO4 structural units within the glass matrix. These structural results can support the applications of as-developed glasses in the area of photonics.

SrO effect on the structure, phase separation and crystallization kinetics of [formula omitted] glasses

29SiO2−20B2O3−24.5Na2O−2ZrO2−(24.5−x)CaO−xSrO (x = 0, 5, 10, 15 (wt%)) glasses are studied for their non-isothermal crystallization kinetics, thermal, structural, and phase separation characteristics. The glass transition, crystallization, and peak crystallization temperature are obtained from the differential thermal analysis (DTA) curves. The characteristic temperatures shift to higher temperature with the increasing heating rate. Increase in the SrO concentration results in a decrease in Tg.The values of activation energy of glass transition and crystallization calculated using Kissinger and Augis-Benett models lie in the range 256–397 kJ/mol and 174–350 kJ/mol, respectively. Structural properties are analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Introduction of SrO results in variation in the BO4,BO3,andQn units in the borosilciate network. This can be used to obtain information about the structure-composition relation in the synthesized glasses. As the SrO concentration increases, the variation in the fraction of BO4 and Q2 structural units follow an opposite trend.

The Influence of CoO/P2O5 Substitutions on the Structural, Mechanical, and Radiation Shielding of Boro-Phosphate Glasses.

A new glass system (50−x)P2O5–20B2O3–5Al2O3–25Na2O–xCoO was manufactured using a standard melt quenching procedure, where 1≤ x ≤ 12 mol%. The characteristics of boro-phosphate-glasses containing CoO have been studied. The effect of CoO on the radiation-protective properties of glasses was established. The density of the prepared glasses as a function of CoO increased. XRD was used to check the vitreous structure of samples. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study the structure of each sample. FTIR demonstrated that connections grew as CoO/P2O5 levels increased, and the FTIR spectra shifted to higher wavenumbers. The increment of CoO converts non-bridging oxygens associated with phosphate structural units into bridging oxygens. This process increases the concentration of BO4 structural units and creates new, strong and stable bonds B–O–P, i.e., there is polymerization of the boro-phosphate glass network. With an increase in the ratio of CoO/P2O5 in the produced samples, ultrasonic velocities and elastic moduli were observed to increase. The coefficients of linear and mass attenuation, the transmittance of photons in relation to the photon energy, the efficiency of radiation protection in relation to the photon energy, and the thickness of the absorber were modeled using these two methods (experimental and theoretical). From the obtained values, it can be concluded that the 12Co sample containing 12 mol% will play the most influential role in radiation protection. An increase in the content of cobalt-I oxide led to a significant increase in the linear and mass attenuation coefficient values, which directly contributes to the development of the radiation-protective properties of glass.