BMI Index Research Articles

Evaluation of Asprosin Hormone in Hypothyroidism Patients

Asprosin was a novel adipokine that was released by white adipose tissue. It was activated by fasting and attracted to the liver, which allowed the liver to rapidly release glucose into the bloodstream. White adipose tissue was the source of asprosin. When people go on a fast, their blood sugar levels drop, which causes levels of the hormone asprosin to rise. It does this by binding to a G-protein-coupled receptor in the liver known as OR4M1, which in turn activates a cascade that involves the G -protein-cAMP-PKA pathway. Because of this, the glucose that is stored in the liver is released. We anticipate that by investigating the changes that occur in asprosin levels in hypothyroidism patients, we will be able to make a significant addition to the area and fill a gap that has been left unexplored in the anther researches. Eighty patients (women ) ranging in age from 25 to 65 were collected from the National Diabetes Center Al-Mustansiriyah University (Iraq) for the purpose of this study, which was designed as a cross-sectional study to determine the concentrations of serum ( asprosin, thyroid hormone T3 T4 TSH, Fasting blood glucose FBG, and lipid profile( Total cholesterol TCho,Triglycride TG,high density lipoprotein HDL, Low density lipoprotein LDL, Very low density lipoprotein VLDL) . In the period beginning in December 2021 and continuing until March 2022. This particular study included a total of 80 participants, 40 of whom had thyroid disease (hypothyroidism), and 40 healthy individuals who served as controls. When compared to the control group, the findings of this study indicate that the levels of total cholesterol TC, triglycerideTG, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) have dramatically increased, whilst the levels of HDL have significantly decreased . A substantial increase in (Fasting blood glucose FBG and Body mass index BMI) levels was also observed, in contrast to the group that served as the control. In patients with hypothyroidism, the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH were considerably greater, while the levels of T3 were significantly lower. The T4 level, however, revealed no significant differences when compared to the control group. In addition, the level of asprosin was found to be high in the hypothyroidism group only contrast to the control group that participated in this research. 
 This current study indicates the hormone asprosin could be helpful early diagnosis in monitoring hypothyroidism patients. hormone asprosin is a marker of glucose homeostasis, so it may be surrogate novel biomarker for all other traditional biomarkers for the prediction of risk factors of diabetes and thyroid dysfunction

BODY COMPOSITIONS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH DISLIPIDEMIA IN OVERWEIGHT/OBESE ADULTS AGED 40-60 IN HANOI

To describe the body composition of overweight/obese adults and its association with some blood lipid index in overweight/obese adults in Hanoi. Method: A cross sectional study among 80 overweight/obese adults aged 40-60 in Hanoi, from August, 2020 to October, 2020. Results: Among overweight and obese people, the percentage of high cholesterol were 57,5%, the percentage of high LDL cholesterol were 65,0%, the percentage of high triglyceride were 58,8%. Linear regression showed that there were positive associations between LDL cholesterol with body fat mass, percent body mass and visceral fat (p<0.05) and negative association between HDL cholesterol with weight, BMI index, body fat mass, and visceral fat (p<0.05). Conclusions: The percentage of total cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol and triglyceride among overweight and obese people in Hanoi were high (57,5%, 65,0% and 58,8%, respectively). Some body composition indexes might have correlation with blood lipid indexes, but further studies need to be done to confirm these correlations.

Adherence to oxidative balance scores and lower odds of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a case–control study

Evidence has also shown that oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, or in other words, disruption of the oxidant and antioxidant balance, can play an important role in the initiation or progression of NAFLD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between the oxidative balance scores (OBS) and the risk of NAFLD. 552 healthy and 340 patients adult over the age of 18 with NAFLD participated in this case–control research. A validated 168-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and indicators of physical activity, obesity, and smoking status were used to assess OBS score. The connection between OBS and NAFLD was discovered using binary logistic regression. The mean (± SD) age and (body mass index) BMI of the study population was 40.22 ± 9.79 years and 29.06 ± 3.92 kg/m2, respectively. The mean ± SD of OBS was 41.48 ± 5.23. After adjustment for potential confounders, higher scores of adherence to the OBS conferred a protection for the presence of NAFLD (odds ratio [OR]: 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15–0.49; P for trend < 0.001). The findings of the present study indicate an approximately 80% reduction in the odds of developing NAFLD with higher OBS adherence in the overall population. However, prospective studies are needed to further investigate this association.

The effect of whole-body vibration training on selected breast cancer risk factors in obese postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial

Menopause is associated with various hormonal changes leading to many complications such as obesity, hot flashes and increased liability for breast cancer, that intractably alter female quality of life. This study was conducted to determine the effect of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) on body mass index and serum prolactin concentration, as risk factors for breast cancer and severity of hot flashes in obese postmenopausal women. A prospective, randomized, parallel group, active controlled study with a 1:1 allocation ratio was carried out. A total of 40 obese postmenopausal women (aged 50 to 60 years, postmenopausal for at least 3 years, with a body mass index BMI between 30-39.9 kg/m2) were randomly assigned into two equal groups (group A and B). Group A (WBVT, n = 20) received WBVT, 3 sessions per week for 3 months, while group B (control group, n = 20) was asked to retrain their usual lifestyle pattern. They were all instructed about healthy dieting. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing SPSS for windows, version 18 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). The results of our study showed that there was a statistically significant reduction in all measured variables in group A in post-study (p &lt; 0.05), while the control group (B) showed a non-statistically significant decrease in these variables in comparison to the pre-study (p &gt; 0.05). Comparison of the two groups after treatment showed a statistically significant decrease in the measured variables, in favor of the study group A (p &lt; 0.05). From the obtained results, it was concluded that whole body vibration is effective in decreasing BMI and waist circumference, in addition to reducing serum prolactin concentration and the severity of hot flashes in obese postmenopausal women. Therefore, it could be used to decrease the risk of breast cancer in obese postmenopausal women.

The Rate of Postoperative Mortality and Renal and Respiratory Complications are Increased in Patients with Extreme Obesity Undergoing Cardiac Surgery - A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study of 8848 Patients.

The importance of obesity as a potential risk factor in open heart surgery is well known. The epidemic of extreme obesity is an increasing public health concern and raises alerts regarding postoperative complications and mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The study aimed to analyze the impact of extreme obesity (BMI≥40) on the frequency of postoperative complications, as well as early and delayed mortality compared to patients with a lower body mass. This retrospective observational cohort study involved patients, over the age of 18, undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass at the Cardiac Surgery Department of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland between January 1st, 2010 and December 31st, 2018. The patients included in the study were allocated into two subgroups depending on the BMI index (Group I BMI≥40 vs Group II BMI<40). A total of 8848 adult patients of both genders were included. Baseline characteristics for Group I and Group II were mean age 64.07±7.76 vs 65.10±9.68 years (p=0.123), mean BMI 42.13±2.44 vs 28.55±4.23 (p<0.001), with more females in Group I (58.04% vs 29.06%) and more males in Group II (70.94% vs 29.06%), p<0.001. The predicted perioperative risk using the EuroScore Logistics scale was higher in a group with BMI≥40 (p<0.001). Regression analysis with adjustment for confounding factors showed a statistically significant relationship between BMI≥40 and postoperative respiratory failure (OR=1.760, p=0.043), acute kidney injury AKIN2 (OR=2.082, p=0.044) and AKIN3 (OR=2.743, p=0.039). 30-day mortality in the univariate analysis showed a statistically significant relationship, however, after modifying the results with interfering factors, no statistical significance was obtained. The risk of postoperative acute respiratory failure and acute renal injury was increased in patients with BMI≥40. The probability of 30-day survival of patients after cardiac surgery was much lower in people with extreme obesity, although it was related to the dominant comorbidities. The 10-year survival was comparable in both groups.

MP59-05 PERI-OPERATIVE AND SHORT-TERM FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES COMPARISON BETWEEN HOLEP AND ROBOTIC SIMPLE PROSTATECTOMY FOR LARGE PROSTATE

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP59-05 PERI-OPERATIVE AND SHORT-TERM FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES COMPARISON BETWEEN HOLEP AND ROBOTIC SIMPLE PROSTATECTOMY FOR LARGE PROSTATE Giovanni Cochetti, Morgan Roupret, Alessio Paladini, Thomas Seisen, Christophe Vaessen, Ugo Pinar, Sara Ciarletti, Angelica Tancredi, Eleonora Saqer, Liliana Guadagni, Emmanuel Chartier-kastler, and Ettore Mearini Giovanni CochettiGiovanni Cochetti More articles by this author , Morgan RoupretMorgan Roupret More articles by this author , Alessio PaladiniAlessio Paladini More articles by this author , Thomas SeisenThomas Seisen More articles by this author , Christophe VaessenChristophe Vaessen More articles by this author , Ugo PinarUgo Pinar More articles by this author , Sara CiarlettiSara Ciarletti More articles by this author , Angelica TancrediAngelica Tancredi More articles by this author , Eleonora SaqerEleonora Saqer More articles by this author , Liliana GuadagniLiliana Guadagni More articles by this author , Emmanuel Chartier-kastlerEmmanuel Chartier-kastler More articles by this author , and Ettore MeariniEttore Mearini More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003312.05AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Holmium Laser enucleation of Prostate (HoLEP) and open simple prostatectomy (OSP) are recommended treatments for large benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Robot-assisted simple prostatectomy (RASP) seems comparable to open simple prostatectomy (OSP) in terms of efficacy and safety, providing similar improvements in Qmax and IPSS, but with advantages of minimally invasive technique. It remains unclear which is the best treatment between HoLEP and RASP. The aim of the study was to compare these techniques in terms of perioperative data, short-term functional outcomes in patients (pts) with prostate larger than 100 cc. METHODS: From January 2016 to January 2022, data from 94 pts with BPH >100 cc who underwent HoLEP or RASP were retrospectively analyzed. Overall, 47 pts underwent HoLEP and 47 underwent RASP. Operative time (OT), blood loss evaluated as ΔHb, length of catheterization (LOC), length of stay (LOS), IPSS, quality of life (QoL) index, urgency, maximum flow rate (Qmax), PSA, complications and urinary continence were analyzed at 30 and 90 days after surgery. Statistical analysis was made with T-test or Wilcoxon test for parametric and non-parametric continuous variables, respectively. Chi-square test was used for percentage variables. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: The groups were comparable in terms of age, BMI, pre-operative IPSS and QoL index. The mean prostate volume was similar even if in HoLEP group was slightly lower (128.4±23.9 vs 144±34.1 cc, p>0.05). LOC (2.4±0.9 vs 4.5±1.5 days, p=0.003) and LOS (3.5±1.1 vs 5±1.8 days, p=0.002) were significantly shorter for HoLEP group. No differences were observed in post-operative ΔHb, QoL, IPSS, urgency and urinary continence at 30 and 90 days after surgery. Otherwise, OT of RASP was significantly lower than HoLEP (107,5±20,1 vs 178,9±62 min, p<0.05), while at 3 months Qmax and PSA value were higher and lower, respectively, in HoLEP group (33.2±12.4 vs 24.5±15.3 ml/sec, p=0.03 and 0.8± vs 1.6± ng/ml, p=0.003). No intraoperative complication according to EAUiaiC occurred and only minor postoperative complications according to Clavien Dindo classification were observed without significant differences (4,25% for HoLEP vs 10.6% for RASP, p=0.27). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to RASP, HoLEP shows advantages in reducing LOC and LOS, but needs of longer OT. Lower levels of PSA in HoLEP, that could be the result of more tissue removal, and the better Qmax do not affect IPSS and QoL in peri-operative and short-term outcomes. HoLEP and RASP are both safe and effective enucleative techniques. Probably, RASP could be more useful for pts with larger BPH and multiple vesical lithiasis or large diverticulum. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e807 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Giovanni Cochetti More articles by this author Morgan Roupret More articles by this author Alessio Paladini More articles by this author Thomas Seisen More articles by this author Christophe Vaessen More articles by this author Ugo Pinar More articles by this author Sara Ciarletti More articles by this author Angelica Tancredi More articles by this author Eleonora Saqer More articles by this author Liliana Guadagni More articles by this author Emmanuel Chartier-kastler More articles by this author Ettore Mearini More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

RESEARCH ON SOME ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AND INDEXES OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN CAN THO CITY FROM 2019 TO 2021

Background: Anthropometry is a part of physical anthropology, a science that allows the study of measurement methods on the human body and the use of mathematics to analyze the measured results in order to find patterns about human physical development. Measurement of the human body is one of the methods of assessing the general health and nutritional status of an individual or a population. Objectives: to confirm the anthropometric measurements and indexes of high school students in Can Tho city from 2019 to 2021. Materials and methods: a longitudinal section descriptive study in 400 high school students in Can Tho city from September 2019 to September 2021. The sample size was selected according to the cluster sampling method. Results: The growth in weight, vertical height, sitting height in our study was more than the growth over 20 years ago of students in the longitudinal study by Tham Thi Hoang Diep, the difference was statistically significant with p&lt;0.05. The weight of male and female both increased gradually over the years. Compared with the report of Nguyen Phi Hung in Can Tho city in 1999 the average weight, vertical high and sitting high also increased for each age group, the difference was also statistically significant with p&lt;0.01. BMI index of male and female are similar at each age, the difference is not statistically significant with p&gt;0.05. BMI is in the normal range according to the WHO grading scale for ages 5-19. the physical fitness of Vietnamese students is equivalent to that of China, higher than African countries but still lower than other countries in the Europe and America. Compared with the research results of Nguyen Phi Hung and Le Dinh Van more than 20 years ago, our study has a significant growth in length. Lower extremities were at the level of long legs after puberty (statistically significant difference p&lt;0.01 for each age). Conclusions: The anthropometric measurements and indexes of male students are higher than that of female students (p&lt;0.05). The anthropometric measurements and indexes are significantly improved compared to previous studies (p&lt;0.05). Skelie indexes in the study show that children have long to very long legs (from 90 to over 100). Thus, the height growth, mainly the length of the lower limbs, is significantly improved. The physical fitness of Vietnamese students is equivalent to that of China, higher than African countries but still lower than other countries in the Europe and America.

High prevalence of metabolic diseases, liver steatosis and fibrosis among Chinese psychiatric patients

BackgroundWe aimed to investigate the differences of metabolic disorders between the general population and psychiatric patients, with an emphasis on the prevalence and influencing factors of liver fibrosis in psychiatric patients.MethodsA total of 734 psychiatric patients and 734 general population matched for age, sex, and BMI were enrolled from Shanghai, China. All participants underwent blood pressure, glucose, lipid profile measurements, and anthropometric parameters including body weight, height and waist circumference. FibroScan examinations were also performed on psychiatric patients. Liver steatosis and fibrosis were diagnosed by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by professional staff.ResultsCompared with the general population, psychiatric patients revealed significantly higher burden of metabolic disorders. The overall prevalence of liver steatosis (CAP ≥ 233 dB/m) and fibrosis (LSM ≥ 7.0 kPa) was 48.7% and 15.5% in psychiatric patients. Psychiatric patients with liver steatosis or fibrosis showed worse metabolic profile. Meanwhile, the prevalence of liver fibrosis was also significantly higher in patients with overweight, central obesity, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and liver steatosis. In logistic regression analyses, age, BMI and visceral adiposity index were independent risk factors for liver fibrosis in psychiatric patients. Additionally, antipsychotic medication was suggested to be associated with an increased risk of liver fibrosis in psychiatric patients with liver steatosis.ConclusionsPrevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis is high in Chinese psychiatric patients. Those with antipsychotic polypharmacy and obesity are at high risk, and may benefit from early liver assessment in preventing fibrosis progression.

Complex correction of eating behaviour disorders, anthropometric and physiological indicators in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on the background of abdominal obesity

Purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness of correction of eating behaviour disorders, anthropometric, physiological indicators by impFreelementing combined non-drug treatment for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on the background of abdominal obesity.&#x0D; Material and methods&#x0D; 85 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on the background of abdominal obesity of the 1st degree were examined. All patients were divided into two clinical groups: 1st group (research) - 48 people, with average body mass index BMI=32.55±1.07 kg/m2, who underwent a course of cognitive behavioural therapy, diet therapy, and physical activity for 6 months; the control group - 37 people with average BMI=31.95±1.03 kg/m2 followed only a rational diet and physical activity, without cognitive behavioural therapy. The examination of the patients included the measurement of anthropometric and physiological indicators, questionnaires according to the DEBQ (Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire).&#x0D; Results&#x0D; On the 180th day, the number of patients with normal blood pressure in the 1st group increased in 2.38 times (D=2.3511, p=0.0015), healthy eating behavior was recorded in 2.38 times more often (D=0.2215, p=0.0047) and the number of restrictive type of EB decreased in 2.0 times (D=0.4321, p=0.0031), compared to the control group.&#x0D; Conclusion&#x0D; A combined course of therapy in the form of a rational diet, aerobic exercise and cognitive behavioural therapy should be an integral component of early non-drug treatment, as a guarantee not only of the correction of anthropometric and functional indicators, but also of the modification of the eating behavior and a guarantee of long-term maintenance of the desired weight.

Lipocalin-2 and neutrophil activation in pancreatic cancer cachexia.

Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by body weight loss and systemic inflammation. The characterization of the inflammatory response in patients with cachexia is still limited. Lipocalin-2, a protein abundant in neutrophils, has recently been implicated in appetite suppression in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer cachexia. We hypothesized that lipocalin-2 levels could be associated with neutrophil activation and nutritional status of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. Plasma levels of neutrophil activation markers calprotectin, myeloperoxidase, elastase, and bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) were compared between non-cachectic PDAC patients (n=13) and cachectic PDAC patients with high (≥26.9 ng/mL, n=34) or low (<26.9 ng/mL, n=34) circulating lipocalin-2 levels. Patients' nutritional status was assessed by the patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) and through body composition analysis using CT-scan slices at the L3 level. Circulating lipocalin-2 levels did not differ between cachectic and non-cachectic PDAC patients (median 26.7 (IQR 19.7-34.8) vs. 24.8 (16.6-29.4) ng/mL, p=0.141). Cachectic patients with high systemic lipocalin-2 levels had higher concentrations of calprotectin, myeloperoxidase, and elastase than non-cachectic patients or cachectic patients with low lipocalin-2 levels (calprotectin: 542.3 (355.8-724.9) vs. 457.5 (213.3-606.9), p=0.448 vs. 366.5 (294.5-478.5) ng/mL, p=0.009; myeloperoxidase: 30.3 (22.1-37.9) vs. 16.3 (12.0-27.5), p=0.021 vs. 20.2 (15.0-29.2) ng/mL, p=0.011; elastase: 137.1 (90.8-253.2) vs. 97.2 (28.8-215.7), p=0.410 vs. 95.0 (72.2-113.6) ng/mL, p=0.006; respectively). The CRP/albumin ratio was also higher in cachectic patients with high lipocalin-2 levels (2.3 (1.3-6.0) as compared to non-cachectic patients (1.0 (0.7-4.2), p=0.041). Lipocalin-2 concentrations correlated with those of calprotectin (rs =0.36, p<0.001), myeloperoxidase (rs =0.48, p<0.001), elastase (rs =0.50, p<0.001), and BPI (rs =0.22, p=0.048). Whereas no significant correlations with weight loss, BMI, or L3 skeletal muscle index were observed, lipocalin-2 concentrations were associated with subcutaneous adipose tissue index (rs =-0.25, p=0.034). Moreover, lipocalin-2 tended to be elevated in severely malnourished patients compared with well-nourished patients (27.2 (20.3-37.2) vs. 19.9 (13.4-26.4) ng/mL, p=0.058). These data suggest that lipocalin-2 levels are associated with neutrophil activation in patients with pancreatic cancer cachexia and that it may contribute to their poor nutritional status.

CEO`s education and investments in R&amp;D

The paper evaluates influence of CEO`s education and her experience on amounts invested in R&amp;D in pharmaceutical industry. The sample consists of 270 pharmaceutical high-tech companies from S&amp;P BMI index in 1999-2018 from 23 countries, both developed and emerging. The pharmaceutical industry is of particular interest since the projects there require specialized education to understand and manage the process. Therefore, the payback period of investments is long. As a result, in pharmaceuticals there is a high rate of intangible assets comparing to other sectors.&#x0D; At the first glance, according to the results of regression analysis, business education, financial, managerial and economic education has no significant impact on investments. However, education in specific sphere, like physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, has a significant positive impact on R&amp;D expenses. We can see the similar effect for the CEO`s with two or more degrees in different fields. These results are in line with the findings of previous studies regarding CEO`s education.&#x0D; At the next stage, educational level of CEO and its field are analyzed simultaneously. A degree obtained in the industry-specific field or a degree supplemented by a financial or managerial education has a positive impact on R&amp;D expenses, while standalone financial degree, by contrast, has a negative effect.&#x0D; So, we contribute to the academic literature with the idea that to get the unbiased results in similar studies we should account for not only degree but also the field. In practical sphere, the results can be useful for those who choose the educational track on their career path to CEO position as well as for HRs, Boards of directors, and other stakeholders while making decision on CEO turnover. Moreover, the results provide insights that could be useful for market analyst`s and investors` predictive models.

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: What Do We Know in 2023?

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease associated with the pathological accumulation of lipids inside hepatocytes. Untreated NAFL can progress to non-alcoholic hepatitis (NASH), followed by fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The common denominator of the above-mentioned metabolic disorders seems to be insulin resistance, which occurs in NAFLD patients. Obesity is the greatest risk factor for lipid accumulation inside hepatocytes, but a part of the NAFLD patient population has a normal body weight according to the BMI index. Obese people with or without NAFLD have a higher incidence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and those suffering from NAFLD show increased intestinal permeability, including a more frequent presence of bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine (SIBO). The health consequences of SIBO are primarily malabsorption disorders (vitamin B12, iron, choline, fats, carbohydrates and proteins) and bile salt deconjugation. Undetected and untreated SIBO may lead to nutrient and/or energy malnutrition, thus directly impairing liver function (e.g., folic acid and choline deficiency). However, whether SIBO contributes to liver dysfunction, decreased intestinal barrier integrity, increased inflammation, endotoxemia and bacterial translocation is not yet clear. In this review, we focus on gut-liver axis and discuss critical points, novel insights and the role of nutrition, lifestyle, pre- and probiotics, medication and supplements in the therapy and prevention of both SIBO and NAFLD.

Habitually Skipping Breakfast Is Associated with the Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Evidence from the Kailuan Cohort Study

BackgroundHabitually skipping breakfast may promote the initiation and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, which have never been systematically explored in large-scale prospective studies.MethodsWe prospectively examined the effects of breakfast frequency on the occurrence of GI cancers among 62,746 participants. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of GI cancers were calculated by Cox regression. The CAUSALMED procedure was used to perform the mediation analyses.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 5.61 (5.18 ~ 6.08) years, 369 incident GI cancer cases were identified. Participants who consumed 1–2 times breakfasts per week exhibited an increased risk of stomach (HR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.06–11.20) and liver cancer (HR = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.22–9.53). Participants who did not eat breakfast had an elevated risk of esophageal (HR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.05–7.03), colorectal (HR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.34–4.01), liver (HR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.23–4.71), gallbladder, and extrahepatic bile duct cancer (HR = 5.43, 95% CI: 1.34–21.93). In the mediation effect analyses, BMI, CRP, and TyG (fasting triglyceride-glucose) index did not mediate the association between breakfast frequency and the risk of GI cancer incidence (all P for mediation effect > 0.05).ConclusionsHabitually skipping breakfast was associated with a greater risk of GI cancers including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, gallbladder, and extrahepatic bile duct cancer.Trial RegistrationKailuan study, ChiCTR–TNRC–11001489. Registered 24 August, 2011-Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=8050

Myeloperoxidase G-463A and CYBA C242T genetic variants in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We investigated the relationship between NADPH oxidase p22phox subunit (CYBA) C242T (rs4673) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) G-463A (rs2333227) genetic variants and GDM in 719 patients with GDM and 1205 control women. Clinical, metabolic, and oxidative stress parameters were analyzed. We found that frequencies of the A allele (15.6% vs 12.3%) and GA + AA genotype (28.5% vs 23.2%) of the MPO G-463A variation were significantly higher in patients with GDM than in the control women (OR = 1.318, 95% CI: 1.068-1.625, P = 0.010 for the dominant model; OR = 1.999, 95% CI: 1.040-3.843, P = 0.034 for the recessive model; OR = 1.320, 95% CI: 1.095-1.591, P = 0.004 for the allele model). Genotype GA + AA remained a significant predictor of GDM in a logistic regression model including age and BMI at delivery (OR = 1.282, 95% CI: 1.037‒1.583, P = 0.021). Furthermore, the ‒463A allele was associated with higher TG and the 242T allele was related to higher pre-pregnancy BMI and oxidative stress index in all subjects (P < 0.05). The 242T allele was also associated with higher homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance but lower serum total antioxidant capacity in patients with GDM (P < 0.05). We conclude that the MPO G-463A, but not the CYBA C242T, genetic variation is associated with an increased risk of GDM in Chinese women. These two genetic polymorphisms may be linked to obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress.

Abstract No. 89 Safety, Technical Success, and Clinical Outcomes of Percutaneous Cryoablation of Central Renal Tumors without Pyeloperfusion in 94 Patients

To assess the safety, technical success, and clinical outcomes of percutaneous cryoablation (PCA) without pyeloperfusion in 94 patients with central renal tumors. A single-center retrospective review of all adult patients with a central renal tumor treated by interventional radiology using PCA without pyeloperfusion was approved by the local IRB. Central tumors were defined as those involving the renal sinus fat on pre-procedural cross-sectional imaging. Patient demographics and baseline tumor characteristics including maximal tumor diameter, tumor stage, RENAL nephrometry score, and distance to the nearest critical structure was recorded. Details of the PCA procedure, primary and secondary technical success, rates of local recurrence, adverse events (AEs), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) were compiled. Aes were categorized according to SIR criteria. 94 patients (48 females (51%); mean age: 68.2 (range:38-87)) with 94 central renal tumors were included. The mean BMI and Charlson co-morbidity index of the cohort were 33.7 (range:20-56) and 6.9 (range:2-12), respectively. Mean maximal tumor diameter, mean RENAL nephrometry score, and mean distance to the nearest critical structure were 37 mm (range:15-67), 8 (range:4-11), and 9 mm (range:0-29), respectively. 59 tumors (63%) and 35 tumors (37%) were classified as T1a and T1b tumors, respectively. Five patients (5%) underwent embolization of the primary mass prior to PCA. The mean number of probes used during PCA was 2.9 (range:1-8). Primary technical success was achieved in 94% (n = 88) of procedures. Of those that did not achieve primary technical success, three underwent successful repeat PCA (secondary technical success: 97%; n = 91/94). The other three patients were surveilled for residual disease. 24 patients (26%) required hydrodissection during PCA. Six patients (6%) experienced major Aes after PCA including hemorrhage requiring embolization (n = 3), hemorrhage requiring transfusions with admission (n = 2), and perinephric abscess necessitating drain placement (n = 1). 22 patients (23%) experienced minor Aes. Nine patients (10%) experienced local recurrence during the follow-up period. OS was 94% (n = 88/94) while CSS was 98% (n = 92/94). PCA of central renal tumors can achieve high rates of technical and oncologic success with major AE and local recurrence rates comparable to published outcomes of PCA for non-central renal tumors, even without the use of pyeloperfusion.

Clinical and Peripheral Biomarkers in Female Patients Affected by Anorexia: Does the Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) Affect Severity?

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a disabling disorder characterized by extreme weight loss and frequent chronicization, especially in its most severe forms. This condition is associated with a pro-inflammatory state; however, the role of immunity in symptom severity remains unclear. Total cholesterol, white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, iron, folate, vitamin D and B12 were dosed in 84 female AN outpatients. Mildly severe (Body Mass Index-BMI ≥ 17) versus severe (BMI < 17) patients were compared using one-way ANOVAs or χ2 tests. A binary logistic regression model was run to investigate the potential association between demographic/clinical variables or biochemical markers and the severity of AN. Patients with severe anorexia (compared to mild forms) were older (F = 5.33; p = 0.02), engaged in more frequent substance misuse (χ2 = 3.75; OR = 3.86; p = 0.05) and had a lower NLR (F = 4.12; p = 0.05). Only a lower NLR was predictive of severe manifestations of AN (OR = 0.007; p = 0.031). Overall, our study suggests that immune alterations may be predictive of AN severity. In more severe forms of AN, the response of the adaptive immunity is preserved, while the activation of the innate immunity may be reduced. Further studies with larger samples and a wider panel of biochemical markers are needed to confirm the present results.

A novel digital biomarker of sarcopenia in frail elderly: New combination of gait parameters under dual-task walking.

Frailty caused by deterioration in multiple physiological systems has led to a significant increase in adverse events such as falls, disability, and death in frail older people. Similar to frailty, sarcopenia, defined as loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, is tightly related to mobility disorders, falls, and fractures. With population aging, co-occurrences of frailty and sarcopenia are increasingly common in the elderly, which are more deleterious for the health and independence of older adults. But the high similarity and overlap between the frailty and sarcopenia increase the difficulty of early recognition of frailty with sarcopenia. The purpose of this study is to use detailed gait assessment to determine the more convenient and sensitive digital biomarker of sarcopenia in the frail population. Ninety-five frail elderly people (age = 86 ± 7 years old, BMI, and body mass index = 23.21 ± 3.40 kg/m2) were screened out by the evaluation of Fried criteria. Then, 41 participants (46%) were identified with sarcopenia, and 51 participants (54%) were identified without sarcopenia. Using a validated wearable platform, participants' gait performance was evaluated under single-task and dual-task (DT). Participants walked back and forth on the 7-m-long trail for 2 min at a habitual speed. Gait parameters of interest include cadence, gait cycle duration, step duration, gait speed, variability of gait speed, stride length, turn duration, and steps in turn. Our results showed that compared with the frail elderly without sarcopenia, the gait performance of the sarcopenic group in single-task and dual-task walking was worse. Overall, the parameters with high performance were the gait speed (DT) (OR 0.914; 95% CI 0.868-0.962) and turn duration (DT) (OR 7.907; 95% CI 2.401-26.039) under dual-task conditions, and the AUC in distinguishing between frail older adults with and without sarcopenia was 0.688 and 0.736, respectively. Turn duration in dual-task testing had larger observed effect than gait speed to identify sarcopenia in the frail population, this result remained significant even after controlling for potential confounds. When gait speed (DT) and turn duration (DT) were combined in the model, AUC increased from 0.688 to 0.763. This study shows that gait speed and turn duration under dual-task are good predictors of sarcopenia in frail elderly, and turn duration (DT) has a better predictive ability. The gait speed (DT) combined with turn duration (DT) is a potential gait digital Biomarker of sarcopenia in the frail elderly. Dual-task gait assessment and detailed gait indexes provide important value for identification of sarcopenia in frail elderly people.

Association Among Body Mass Index, Q-angle and Flat Foot in Students of University of Lahore

Abstract: The objective of this study is to find association between Body Mass Index, Q-Angle and flat foot in university students. Flatfoot, also known as: ‘Pes Planus’ causes mechanical compression in the knee and upsurges interaction amid to the patellar enunciation exteriors. As a result, most problematic flat foot cases are discovered through complaints of knee pain. Even while obesity and flat feet have frequently been linked before, not all researchers have discussed the relationship of flat feet through age, sexual category, and Body Mass Index.&#x0D; Materials and techniques: Cross sectional study design was followed. 200 healthy university students, aged between 18-25 years were selected from different universities of Lahore Pakistan on the basis of Non Probability Sampling Technique. 49.5% of which was females while 50.5% were males. BMI, Q-angle and Foot Disability Index tools were used and records were examined on SPSS version 25.0.Results:&#x0D; The current study showed that the Q-angle of group A, which was made up of healthy male high school students, went up more than that of group B, which was made up of male high school students with flat feet.&#x0D; Therefore, there is a strong connection between flat feet and a rising Q angle.Conclusion: This study concluded that greater BMI had a significant effect on flat foot as well as plantar arch index and Q angle.

Benefits of a Plant-Based Diet in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and The Use of Eggs in This Dietary Pattern: A Review

Plant-based diet (PBD) is considered a dietary pattern with superior health advantages. A PBD can lead to better BMI index, better blood pressure and blood lipid status, and better blood sugar control in patients with metabolic syndrome. Eggs are frequently absent from PBDs, which lead to certain limitations of PBDs. Studies have shown that patients who have metabolic syndrome (MetS) who eat a PBD and consume eggs see an improvement in their plasma biomarkers and patients with MetS can benefit from eggs in two ways. This review covers the potential use of eggs in vegetarian diets and includes information on the health advantages of PBDs, with a focus on additional benefits of these two dietary patterns for people with metabolic syndrome.

Effectiveness of Balanced Nutrition Guidebook Media on Vegetables, Iron and Index Consumption Body Mass in Adolescent Students at Boarding Schools

Background : Knowledge of food and nutrition is one of the factors that influence nutritional status, so formal and non-formal nutrition education is needed. Efforts to increase knowledge and attitudes regarding balanced nutrition are through the process of nutrition education. Nutrition education carried out must be in accordance with the conditions in Islamic boarding schools which limit students from using electronic media, one of which is by using pocket book media. Purpose : Knowing the effect of nutrition education using pocket books on balanced nutrition guidelines on vegetable and fruit consumption, iron consumption and the BMI index in teenage students at Islamic boarding schools. Method : This research is community nutrition research. This type of quasy experimental research with a research design pretest – posttest control group design. The sample consisted of 20 samples from the treatment group and 20 samples from the control group. The data collected are sample identity, knowledge and attitudes. Statistical analysis using testWilcoxon andMann whitney. Results : The average score of vegetable and fruit consumption practices for the two groups has increased. In the treatment group, the increase before and after the intervention was 59.00 ± 28.19. The control group also experienced an increase between before and after being given the intervention of 26.70 ± 24.0168.30. As for iron consumption in the treatment group, there was an average increase in the difference in Fe consumption before and after the intervention was 1.27 ± 1.24. The control group also experienced an increase in the average difference in Fe consumption between before and after being given the intervention of 0.96 ± 1.79 Nutrition education using pocket books on balanced nutrition guidelines had an effect on vegetable and fruit consumption and iron consumption withp value = 0,001 (p &lt; 0,05). Conclusion : Nutrition education using pocket book media on balanced nutrition guidelines has an effect on consumption of vegetables and fruit, consumption of iron in teenage students at Islamic boarding schools.