BMI Index Research Articles

Role of Resting Electrocardiography and Transthoracic Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Cardiac Impairments in Type 2 Diabetics

Background: The cardiac changes associated with diabetes are thought to comprise thickening of the myocardium and is characterized by predominantly diastolic dysfunction (DD), the diabetic cardiomyopathy. So, this study aimed to evaluate cardiac impairments in patients in delta region with type 2 diabetes mellitus using resting electrocardiogram (ECG) and resting transthoracic echocardiography.
 Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out on 50 diabetic patients to evaluate of cardiac impairments in patients in delta region with type 2 diabetes mellitus using resting ECG and resting transthoracic echocardiography at the Department of Cardiology, Tanta University Hospitals in a period of six months starting from January 2020 till June 2020.
 Results: There were significant negative correlations between abnormal echocardiography with (body mass index) BMI, duration of diabetes and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P<0.05). The sensitivity of ejection fraction (EF), early trans-mitral flow velocity (E), atrial trans-mitral flow velocity (A) and E/A in detecting cardiac changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) was 68%, 52%, 76%, 72% and specificity was 52%, 68%, 36%, 30% at cut-off value 65, 75, 65, 77.5 and AUC 0.619, 0.606, 0.538, 0.534, respectively (P> 0.05).
 Conclusions: The effect of DM on the left ventricular (LV) diastolic function is still controversial. Therefore, they need to be further substantiated, preferably with evidence from extensive longitudinal studies in people with type 2 diabetes representative of type 2 diabetes healthcare populations. Echocardiographic and ECG abnormalities are very common in outpatients with type 2 diabetes. DD is the main cardiac impairment caused by DM.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Osteoporosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a lifestyle-related chronic inflammatory pulmonary disease and a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence and associated factors of osteopenia and osteoporosis in COPD patients.
 Methods:A total of 91 COPD patients were recruited from October 2017 and December 2018. Lung function test, CAT score, 6-minutes’ walk test, Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) dyspnea score and body mass index, air flow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity (BODE index) were evaluated in the patients. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) measurements of the femoral neck, total femur (including femoral neck, trochanter, and intertrochanter area), and lumbar spine were conducted using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A T-score which was 2.5 standard deviations (SDs) below the average value was indicative of osteoporosis, in accordance with the World Health Organization criteria. We excluded COPD patients who had asthma, malignancy, and fracture.
 Results: There were 86 males (mean age ± SD: 66.49±9.40 years) and 5 females (mean age±SD: 65.40±12.40 years). Among all the patients, 46 (51.1 %) patients had osteopenia and 36 (40 %) had osteoporosis. Comparing COPD grades showed grade 2 was a more prevalent grade (41.1 %). There was no statistically association between femoral neck T score (mean±SD: -2.21±0.89) and COPD grade (P= 0.58), while lumber spine T score (mean±SD: -2.13±1.11) was statistically decreased with increasing severity of COPD (p= 0.02).
 Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrated that osteoporosis is common among COPD patients. Moreover, we found significant correlations between BMI, walking test, FEV1, MMRC, and BODE index.

EARLIER GAINS IN ACTIVE RANGE OF MOTION FOLLOWING ROBOTIC-ASSISTED TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY COMPARED WITH CONVENTIONAL INSTRUMENTATION

We sought to evaluate the early post-operative active range-of-motion (AROM) between robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (raTKA) and conventional TKA (cTKA). A secondary data analysis on a global prospective cohort study was performed. A propensity score method was used to select a matched control of cTKA from the same database using 1:1 ratio, based on age, sex, BMI, and comorbidity index. This resulted in 216 raTKA and cTKA matched cases. Multivariable longitudinal regression was used to evaluate difference in ROM over time and values are reported as least squares means (95% confidence interval). The longitudinal model tested the treatment effect (raTKA vs cTKA), time effect, and their interaction with control on covariance of patients ‘s age, sex, BMI, comorbidity and pre-operative flexion. Logistic regression was used to analyze the active flexion level at one month (cut by 90°) and three months (cut by 110°).At one-month postoperative the raTKA cases had more AROM for flexion by an average of 5.54 degrees (p<0.001). There was no difference at three months (p=0.228). The raTKA group had a greater improvement from pre-operative values at both one-month, with an average 7.07° (3.6°, 10.5°, p<0.001) more improvement, and at three-months with an average improvement of 4° more (1.61°, 7.24°, p=0.0115). AROM for extension was lower overall in the raTKA group by an average of 0.44° (p=0.029). The raTKA patients had higher odds of achieving ≥90° of flexion at one-month (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.16, 3.99).raTKA resulted in greater AROM flexion gains in the early postoperative period than cTKA. Additional research is needed to understand if these earlier gains in AROM are associated with improved patient satisfaction and continued improvements with time.

The obesity paradox - Is BMI associated with advanced stage in oral cancer?

Background: Recent studies have shown that cancer patients with low BMI have poor outcomes. Their results suggest, obesity have some protective effect in cancer termed as “obesity paradox”. Aim: To examine the association of BMI with prognostic indicators of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methodology: This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted during the year 2020 and 2021. 126 patients recently diagnosed with OSCC were randomly selected from three different tertiary care setup in Karachi. Height and weight of each subject was recorded to calculate BMI and clinicopathological data was obtained. The BMI indices were categorized into low, normal and high strata according to WHO guidelines. Statistical analysis was done for association of independent factors with BMI strata. Results: We found 81(64.3%) participants were underweight compared to 32(25.4%) normal-weight and 13(10.3%) overweight cases. A strong statistical association was observed between low BMI (83.1% underweight) and advanced tumor stage i.e., Stage IV (P= 0.001) while among risk factors of OSCC, only smokeless tobacco showed significant association (P= 0.002) with reduced BMI. This research brings attention to the importance of BMI in cancer and add to the growing literature in the field of oncology. Our findings about the impact of BMI on OSCC outcome will help in the intervention and development of prevention strategies for one of the most prevalent cancers in Pakistan. This present research will help to answer the complex question of “optimum” BMI in cancer and will help to improve the prognosis of OSCC. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that low BMI could be an indicator of poor clinical outcomes in OSCC. We thus recommend monitoring of BMI in OSCC patients in order to optimize treatment strategies. However, we encourage further studies to examine other body composition metrics for individualized treatments and intervention strategies. Keywords: Adiposity, Obesity paradox, Squamous cells, carcinoma, BMI

Predicting Cognitive Impairment in Long-COVID Patients: A Demographic and Comorbid Analysis using BrainCheck Cognitive Assessment


 
 
 Background:
 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Now a subset of individuals are experiencing post- acute sequelae of COVID-19, more colloquially known as Long-COVID. Research surrounding the long-term consequences of COVID-19 is now at the height of importance as approximately 5.8% of individuals will be diagnosed with new psychiatric illnesses. Mind long consequences of COVID-19 include brain fog, difficulties with memory, and focusing.
 Objective/Methods:
 While many of the symptoms associated with Long-COVID have been summarized, the cognitive impairment that takes place was quantified in this study using BrainCheck cognitive assessment. The aim of this study was to utilize a database of over 500 individuals suffering from Long-COVID symptoms and analyze differing levels of cognitive impairment to find correlations with different predispositions and demographics. The focused variables were age, gender, weight, (body mass index) BMI, and hospitalization status. A retrospective chart review was conducted on subjects’ data that was included in the Parkview Post-COVID Clinic (PPCC) registry database.
 Results:
 The data analysis showed that age was correlated with mental flexibility (p-value = <.001, correlation = 0.31), and executive functioning. The extremes of BMI were associated with impaired mental flexibility (chi-squared = 14.00, p-value = <.001). Finally, hospitalization status at the onset of COVID-19 infection had correlations with impaired short-term memory recognition (p-value = <.05, correlation = 0.17).
 Conclusion:
 This research project was undertaken to gain a better understanding of the cognitive deterioration that takes place because of COVID-19’s effect on the central nervous system. Furthermore, this research is intended to help predict the levels of cognitive impairment that clinicians can expect for their patients when presenting with Long-COVID symptoms, and spark future research on the neurological implications of COVID-19.
 
 

Predicting severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations using quantitative CT: a retrospective model development and external validation study

Quantitative CT is becoming increasingly common for the characterisation of lung disease; however, its added potential as a clinical tool for predicting severe exacerbations remains understudied. We aimed to develop and validate quantitative CT-based models for predicting severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. We analysed the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures In COPD Study (SPIROMICS) cohort, a multicentre study done at 12 clinical sites across the USA, of individuals aged 40-80 years from four strata: individuals who never smoked, individuals who smoked but had normal spirometry, individuals who smoked and had mild to moderate COPD, and individuals who smoked and had severe COPD. We used 3-year follow-up data to develop logistic regression classifiers for predicting severe exacerbations. Predictors included age, sex, race, BMI, pulmonary function, exacerbation history, smoking status, respiratory quality of life, and CT-based measures of density gradient texture and airway structure. We externally validated our models in a subset from the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) cohort. Discriminative model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), which was also compared with other predictors, including exacerbation history and the BMI, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea, and exercise capacity (BODE) index. We evaluated model calibration using calibration plots and Brier scores. Participants in SPIROMICS were enrolled between Nov 12, 2010, and July 31, 2015. Participants in COPDGene were enrolled between Jan 10, 2008, and April 15, 2011. We included 1956 participants from the SPIROMICS cohort who had complete 3-year follow-up data: the mean age of the cohort was 63·1 years (SD 9·2) and 1017 (52%) were men and 939 (48%) were women. Among the 1956 participants, 434 (22%) had a history of at least one severe exacerbation. For the CT-based models, the AUC was 0·854 (95% CI 0·852-0·855) for at least one severe exacerbation within 3 years and 0·931 (0·930-0·933) for consistent exacerbations (defined as ≥1 acute episode in each of the 3 years). Models were well calibrated with low Brier scores (0·121 for at least one severe exacerbation; 0·039 for consistent exacerbations). For the prediction of at least one severe event during 3-year follow-up, AUCs were significantly higher with CT biomarkers (0·854 [0·852-0·855]) than exacerbation history (0·823 [0·822-0·825]) and BODE index 0·812 [0·811-0·814]). 6965 participants were included in the external validation cohort, with a mean age of 60·5 years (SD 8·9). In this cohort, AUC for at least one severe exacerbation was 0·768 (0·767-0·769; Brier score 0·088). CT-based prediction models can be used for identification of patients with COPD who are at high risk of severe exacerbations. The newly identified CT biomarkers could potentially enable investigation into underlying disease mechanisms responsible for exacerbations. National Institutes of Health and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

Two Distinct Groups Are Shown to Be at Risk of Diabetes by Means of a Cluster Analysis of Four Variables.

Recent attempts to classify adult-onset diabetes using only six diabetes-related variables (GAD antibody, age at diagnosis, BMI, HbA1c, and homeostatic model assessment 2 estimates of b-cell function and insulin resistance (HOMA2-B and HOMA2-IR)) showed that diabetes can be classified into five clusters, of which four correspond to type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Here, we classified nondiabetic individuals to identify risk clusters for incident T2DM to facilitate the refinement of prevention strategies. Of the 1167 participants in the population-based Iwaki Health Promotion Project in 2014 (baseline), 868 nondiabetic individuals who attended at least once during 2015-2019 were included in a prospective study. A hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using four variables (BMI, HbA1c, and HOMA2 indices). Of the four clusters identified, cluster 1 (n = 103), labeled as "obese insulin resistant with sufficient compensatory insulin secretion", and cluster 2 (n = 136), labeled as "low insulin secretion", were found to be at risk of diabetes during the 5-year follow-up period: the multiple factor-adjusted HRs for clusters 1 and 2 were 14.7 and 53.1, respectively. Further, individuals in clusters 1and 2 could be accurately identified: the area under the ROC curves for clusters 1and 2 were 0.997 and 0.983, respectively. The risk of diabetes could be better assessed on the basis of the cluster that an individual belongs to.

Impact of Extended Antibiotic Use After Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Patients with Preoperative Metallic Biliary Stenting Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

IntroductionPancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remains a complex surgical procedure with infectious complications affecting nearly 50% of patients. Patients who undergo biliary drainage with stent placement prior to neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) reportedly have higher infection rates following PD. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the differences in postoperative infectious complication rates based on the duration of post operative prophylactic antibiotics in patients with indwelling metal biliary stent who had NAT. MethodsA retrospective institutional pancreatic cancer database was queried for patients who had a metal biliary stent placed prior to NAT initiation, followed by subsequent PD between 2014 and 2021. Duration of postoperative prophylactic antibiotics was defined as short (SC: ≤ 24 h) or extended (EC: > 24 h–7 days). The primary outcome of interest was surgical site infection (SSI). ResultsTwo hundred and ninety-five (n = 295) patients were identified of which the majority (n = 205, 69.5%) received a short course of antibiotics postoperatively. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two cohorts including age, sex, BMI, and comorbidity index. EC patients received more NAT cycles (4 vs. 3, p < 0.001) and underwent an open PD more frequently (61.8% vs. 41.0%, p < 0.001). SSI occurred in 64 (21.7%) patients; SC cohort: 54, 26.3% vs. EC cohort:10, 11.1%, (p = 0.003). Additionally, the SC cohort demonstrated a higher incidence of major complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3: 51 [24.9%] vs. 13 [14.4%], p = 0.045). On the logistic regression model examining factors associated with SSI, higher BMI (continuous variable) was associated with increased odds of SSI (OR: 1.05 [95%CI: 1.00, 1.10, p = 0.040), while EC was protective (OR: 0.36 [95%CI: 0.17, 0.75], p = 0.007). ConclusionsThese data suggest that an extended course of perioperative antibiotic correlates with reductions in SSI and major morbidity following PD in patients with a metallic biliary stent placed prior to NAT course. These results require validation in a future randomized clinical trial examining a larger cohort of patients with further emphasis on the types of perioperative antibiotics administered.

Heart rate variability in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and comorbid pathology

Aim. To study the features of heart rate variability in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and comorbid pathology.Materials and methods. Polysomnography and registration of heart rate variability (HRV) were performed in 98 patients who applied to a neurologist.Results. Most of the HRV indicators in patients with OSA were significantly lower compared to the control group with orthostatic loading. The most notable of these were: TP (ms2), SDNN (ms), CV (%), HF (ms2), RMSSD (ms), DX (ms), LF (ms2). There were higher CI at rest (3.29 (1.53; 6.10), p = 0.034) and IVR (455.45 (286.95; 704.87), p = 0.014) during exercise in patients with OSA in comparison with the control group (1.73 (0.79; 3.93) and 344.00 (171.57; 440.87), respectively). It was found that arterial hypertension (94.6 %), chronic cerebral ischemia (80.4 %), and acute cerebrovascular accident (10.7 %) were significantly more common in patients with OSA than those examined without apnea (71.4 %, 42.9 % and 0.0 % respectively).Conclusions. BMI, neck volume, saturation level, and desaturation index can be considered as criteria for referring patients for HRV registration in order to assess the state of adaptive reserves. In patients with OSA, according to HRV indicators, a shift in the autonomic balance was found, which is expressed by a weakening of vagal influences and the degree of participation of the autonomic circuit in the regulation of heart rate with an increase in sympathetic orientation and central control mechanisms, a decrease in the body's adaptive resources. Work should be continued to clarify the contribution of comorbid pathology in patients with OSA to the development of autonomic dysfunction.

A signal detection reminder methodology to evaluate effects of odor–taste-taste interactions to enhance the perceived saltiness

Currently, numerous attempts are made to increase the perceived saltiness of food without adding more NaCl. In the present study, a method based on a reminder design and signal detection theory was used to evaluate the effects of cheddar cheese odor, meat odor, and monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the perceived saltiness and preference of three intensities of NaCl through the d' and R-Index. A solution of 2 g/L NaCl combined with odorless air was the blind reference product, which was also tested as one of the test products. The reference sample was compared to the target samples. A total of twelve right-handed subjects (19–40 years; body mass index BMI 21–32; 7 females and 5 males) performed sensory difference tasks across six days. Cheddar cheese odor was more effective in increasing the perceived saltiness and preference of NaCl solutions than meat odor. When MSG was added to the NaCl solutions, the perceived saltiness and preference were increased. Overall, the signal detection reminder method could provide a comprehensive psychophysical framework to measure saltiness perception and preference of odor–taste-taste interactions using d' (a distance measure) and R-index (an area measure).

ANÁLISE DOS EFEITOS DA DIETA BALANCEADA ASSOCIADA AOS ESPORTES NA SAÚDE DOS ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS OBESOS

ABSTRACT Introduction The student, when entering university, is subject to new cycles and major changes in his routine, which includes exercise and nutritious habits. Objective Explore the effect of a balanced diet and physical exercise on the health of university students. Methods Through literature studies, a questionnaire was developed where the physical condition, nutritional habits, dietary structure, and exercise practice of obese college students were investigated and analyzed. Results The BMI index of those investigated exceeded the standard limit of BMI &gt; 25. The longer the time of physical exercise, the more evident the difference between male and female students in terms of physical endurance factor. The body weight, BMI, and body fat index of both groups showed a downward trend after the intervention. Six weeks of aerobic exercise combined with a proper diet can significantly improve body mass index, body mass index, and physiological and biochemical indices of obese college students. Conclusion Balanced diet and exercise positively affect the health of obese college students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Correlação entre níveis séricos de vitamina D e IMC de crianças e adolescentes atendidos em um ambulatório universitário

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between BMI indices and serum vitamin D levels in children and adolescents. METHODS: Survey of BMI values and serum vitamin D levels of patients aged between one and 16 years, from April 2017 to November 2020, treated at a university hospital RESULTS: The statistical association between BMI classification and serum vitamin D level by Fishers exact test was p= 0,053, a value very close to the limit of significance. Thus, there was a borderline correlation between obesity and hypovitaminosis D CONCLUSIONS: The causal relationship between excess fat and low seeric vitamin D is still not well understood. It is questioned whether reduced serum vitamin D levels function as a direct or indirect cause or consequence of increased BMI. Routine screening of levels of this vitamin in patients with excess body fat is considered relevant, due to its multisystemic and multifunctional role, in addition to the important need for supplementation in patients with its deficiency.

Systemic comorbidities in patients of psoriasis

Background There is paucity of Indian studies on comprehensive assessment of systemic comorbidities in psoriasis. This study aimed at assessing the systemic comorbidities in patients of psoriasis in India. Patients and methods A case–control study was conducted from September 2019 to August 2021. Study participants of more than 18 years, with 30 psoriasis patients as cases and 30 healthy individuals as controls. Assessment of Psoriasis Area Severity Index in cases, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, and detailed systemic index evaluation was done in both the groups. Analyses were done using χ 2 test and independent t test. Analysis of variance test is used to compare continuous variables among more than two groups. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results The mean age of psoriasis cases was 45.03±13.1 years with 73.3% of male and 26.7% of female population. Mean duration of psoriasis observed is 6.9±4.2 years with the mean Psoriasis Area Severity Index of 17.73±6.389. Comparison of systemic indices demonstrated significant increase in neutrophil count (P=0.006), erythrocyte-sedimentation rate (P&lt;0.0001), glycated hemoglobin (P=0.037), low-density lipoprotein (P=0.0418), T3 (P&lt;0.0001), and T4 (P=0.018). No significant difference in the liver-function test and renal-function test was seen in both the groups. Comparison of the prevalence of diseases associated with psoriasis, shows that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (60 vs. 30%, OR=3.5, P=0.021), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (26.6 vs. 6.6%, P=0.002, OR=14), increase in the carotid artery intimal thickness on both sides (right P=0.007, OR=5; left P=0.005, OR=7), and the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (70 vs. 33.3%, P=0.005, OR=4.66) is significantly increased in cases as compared with controls. Other diseases like obesity (BMI: OR=2.0417, P=0.187; waist circumference: OR=2.25, P=0.123), type-2 diabetes mellitus (P=0.56, OR=1.40), hypertension (P=0.78, OR=1.15), and renal disease (P=1, OR=1) is found to have greater risk in psoriasis patients than controls, but the reflecting difference is not statistically significant. Conclusion The study revealed that the patients of psoriasis are more likely to have systemic comorbidities as compared with patients without psoriasis.

Predictors of half-marathon performance in male recreational athletes.

Few research has been conducted on predictors of recreational runners' performance, especially in half-marathon running. The purpose of our study was (a) to investigate the relationship of half-marathon race time with training, anthropometry and physiological characteristics, and (b) to develop a formula to predict half-marathon race time in male recreational runners. Recreational runners (n=134, age 44.2±8.7 years; half-marathon race time 104.6±16.2 min) underwent a physical fitness battery consisting of anthropometric and physiological tests. The participants were classified into five performance groups (fast, 73-92 min; above average, 93-99 min; average 100-107 min; below average, 108-117 min; slow group, 118-160 min). A prediction equation was developed in an experimental group (EXP, n=67), validated in a control group (CON, n=67) and prediction bias was estimated with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Performance groups differed in half-marathon race time, training days, training distance, age, weight, (body mass index) BMI, body fat (BF) and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) (p≤0.001, η2≥0.132), where faster groups had better scores than the slower groups. Half-marathon race time correlated with physiological, anthropometric and training characteristics, with the faster the runner, the better the score in these characteristics (e.g., VO2max, r=0.59; BMI, r=-0.55; weekly running distance, r=-0.53, p<0.001). Race time in EXP might be calculated (R2=0.63, standard error of the estimate=9.9) using the equation 'Race time (min)=80.056+2.498×BMI-0.594×VO2max-0.191×weekly training distance in km'. Validating this formula in CON, no bias was shown (difference between observed and predicted value 2.3±12.8 min, 95 % CI -0.9, 5.4, p=0.153). Half-marathon race time was related to and could be predicted by BMI, VO2max and weekly running distance. Based on these relationships, a prediction formula for race time was developed providing a practical tool for recreational runners and professionals working with them.

Association between dental caries and body mass index (Bmi) among children of 6-12 years in Ghaziabad, U.P: A original research

Association between dental caries and body mass index (Bmi) among children of 6-12 years in Ghaziabad, U.P: A original research

TREINO AERÓBICO ASSOCIADO A DIETA HIPOCALÓRICA EM UNIVERSITÁRIOS OBESOS

ABSTRACT Introduction: The long-term energy imbalance between intake and consumption is the main reason for obesity in college students. Therefore, weight loss should also combine an inversely proportional intervention. Based on this premise, a growing number of studies combine physical training and diet to restore physical health in this population group. Objective: Study the impacts of endurance training associated with a low-calorie diet on the constitution and metabolism of obese college students. Methods: Through a questionnaire survey and a 4-week experimental endurance training program and hypocaloric diet, 20 obese college students volunteered for the intervention project. The exercise protocol for the training composition and the diet menu followed the updated recommendations in the scientific literature. At the end of the experiment, the relevant data collected were statistically analyzed and discussed. Results: After the diet intervention associated with endurance training, the BMI index of college students reduced from 28,075 to 26,378; the basal metabolic rate increased from 1581,046 kcal to 1681,317 kcal. Conclusion: Endurance training associated with a hypocaloric diet significantly reduced fat in obese college students. The efficacy of this association promoted a better joint effect on the outcome, compared to individual weight loss plans. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

ESTRATÉGIAS DE TREINAMENTO DE RESISTÊNCIA CARDIOPULMONAR E APTIDÃO FÍSICA PARA ADOLESCENTES OBESOS

ABSTRACT Introduction: Reducing the risk of obesity and maintaining healthy lifestyle habits and physical exercise is very important for adolescents in a crucial period of their development. Objective: Study the effect of physical training on cardiopulmonary resistance and physical fitness in obese adolescents. Methods: Fourteen overweight or obese adolescent students were selected from a school. The experiment lasted four weeks, and the experimental group received a systematic and professional physical training intervention, with two aerobic and two endurance training sessions each week. The control group did not perform any physical exercises except free activities in physical education classes. Results: After four weeks of training, the BMI index of the experimental group changed from 32.84 to 27.68, systolic blood pressure also changed from 118.14mmHg to 93.93mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure was from 69.83mmHg to 55.34mmHg. Conclusion: Elevating professional physical training in adolescents’ physical education has shown to be an important attitude to reduce and prevent obesity and its comorbidities. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

The effect of 8-week multicomponent intervention on physical fitness in trained older women

Introduction: A sufficient level of aerobic endurance, strength and balance is an important precondition for performing almost all activities of daily living with advancing age. Multimodal physical interventions seem to be an effective tool to improve overall fitness for of elderly. However, it is not known to what extent such interventions are effective in healthy and physically active elderly people. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effect of an 8-week multimodal training programme focused on aerobic endurance, strength and dynamic balance in physically active elderly females. Methods: A total of 25 physically active women over 60 years of age completed and 8-week multimodal training programme with two 60-minute sessions a week. Their functional performance before and after the intervention was evaluated with the Chair stand test, Arm curl test, 2-minute step test, Chair sit-and-reach test, Back scratch test and Foot up and go test. A program STATISTICA was used for data analyses (TIBCO Software Inc., 2018; version 13). Results: An 8-week multicomponent training programme resulted in a statistically significant performance in 2-minute step test. Moreover, training resulted in a significant reduction of BMI. Surprisingly, training resulted in the significantly prolonged time in the Foot up and go test. No other significant changes have been observed. The training programme resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the 2-minute step test (p=0.007). Moreover, the BMI index significantly decreased after the programme (p=0.037). Surprisingly, training resulted in the significantly prolonged time in the Foot up and go test (p=0.011). No other significant changes have been observed. Conclusion: The 8-week multimodal training programme seems to be an effective tool for increasing aerobic endurance in physically active elderly women. This training does not contribute to more pronounced improvements of other abilities.

RISK FACTORS FOR DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 1.

The aim: To find the risk factors of microalbuminuria and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: One hundred ten patients of type 1 diabetes mellitus in this cross-sectional study at diabetic and endocrinology center in Al-Najaf during the period from September 2021 to March 2022. All patients were asked about sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, smoking, duration of DM type1, family history of DM type1), measured (body mass index BMI, blood pressure) and laboratory investigations done to all patients (G.U.E, s. creatinine, lipid profile, HBA1C, calculated estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and Spot Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (ACR). Results: Out of 110 patients, 62 male and 48 female, the mean age was (22±12). The patients with microalbuminuria (ACR ≥ 30 mg/g) show statistically significant with increase HBA1C, duration of DM type 1, total cholesterol (T.C), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG) and family history of DM type 1, while there were not statistically significant with age, gender, smoking, BMI, eGFR, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and hypertension. Patients with eGFR<90mL/min/1.73m2 show statistically significant with increase HBA1C, duration of DM type1, LDL, TG, T.C, while significantly decrease in HDL and there were not statistically significant with age, gender, smoking, family history of DM type 1, BMI and hypertension. Conclusions: The degree of glycemic control, duration of type1 (DM) and dyslipidemia were associated with increased microalbuminuria and reduced eGFR (nephropathy). Family history of DM type1 was risk factor for microalbuminuria.

Evaluation of Association Between Obesity and Health of Periodontium in the Indian Population - A Randomized Cross-Sectional Study

Background Obesity is characterized by the abnormal or excessive deposition of fat in the adipose tissues. The recent rise in incidence of obesity in both developed as well as developing nations are a matter of grave concern due to the well-established association between obesity and several other chronic conditions.Aim The objective of the present study was to verify the potential association between obesity and periodontal disease among Indians.Methodology Using random sampling 200 subjects aged 20 to 60 years from the state of Punjab were evaluated at a given time using the Community Periodontal Index CPI and periodontitis was defined as ge ldquocode 3.rdquo Body mass index BMI and waist circumference WC were used to represent the measures of overall body fat and upper body fat respectively. BMI and WC cutoff points used in the present study are as established by the World Health Organization.Results There was a positive correlation between BMI and periodontitis in both males and females while WC was highly significantly associated with periodontitis only in females.Conclusion Within the limitations of this study it can be concluded that obese individuals are at a higher risk for developing periodontitis.