Bluetooth Wireless Connection Research Articles

Dataset and System Design for Orthopedic Walker Fall Detection and Activity Logging Using Motion Classification

An accurate, economical, and reliable device for detecting falls in persons ambulating with the assistance of an orthopedic walker is crucially important for the elderly and patients with limited mobility. Existing wearable devices, such as wristbands, are not designed for walker users, and patients may not wear them at all times. This research proposes a novel idea of attaching an internet-of-things (IoT) device with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor directly to an orthopedic walker to perform real-time fall detection and activity logging. A dataset is collected and labeled for walker users in four activities, including idle, motion, step, and fall. Classic machine learning algorithms are evaluated using the dataset by comparing their classification performance. Deep learning with a convolutional neural network (CNN) is also explored. Furthermore, the hardware prototype is designed by integrating a low-power microcontroller for onboard machine learning, an IMU sensor, a rechargeable battery, and Bluetooth wireless connectivity. The research results show the promise of improved safety and well-being of walker users.

An Android Based Home Electrical Appliance Control System

Electric bulbs, television sets, fans and other home appliances are usually controlled largely with human effort using mechanical switches. However, over the past decade, there has been drastic improvement and advancement in consumer electronics and embedded systems. This has ensured a home environment where appliances can be connected and controlled using wireless technology and an Android smart phone. This study demonstrates the design of an automated system to assist and provide support in order to fulfill the needs of the physically disabled and elderly ones in controlling electrical appliances in homes. The heart of the control system is the wireless Bluetooth technology which provide remote access from a smart phone to a Bluetooth module and then to a control and switching unit. Bluetooth wireless connection enables the system to communicate with a Java application on an Android smart phone without cable. The user can easily touch on the phone screen to control the home appliances linked to the system. This method which requires minimal human effort is able to assist the disabled, sick and elderly people who have difficulties with locomotion. Thus, a control system has been designed which offer a low design, installation ease, quick response time and a user friendly interface in controlling home electrical appliances.Keywords - Android Phone, Bluetooth, Microcontroller, Relay and Switching

Minipotentiostat controlled by smartphone on a micropipette: A versatile, portable, agile and accurate tool for electroanalysis

In this paper, we show an unprecedented device obtained by coupling a small potentiostat to an electronic micropipette. The minipotentiostat is powered by the micropipette battery and controlled by a smartphone via a Bluetooth wireless connection. A set of 3 electrodes is inserted into the tip of the micropipette with the aid of an adapter that allows electrochemical measurements to be carried out without affecting the precision and trueness of handling of small volumes of liquid. Studies with the device show significant gains in portability, versatility, agility and for analytical procedures. This approach requires small volume of samples and reagents with the possibility of recovery after analysis. Determination of hydrogen peroxide with the aim for future development of enzymatic biosensors for clinical analysis was shown as an example of application. We consider that the device shown here contributes to a new way to performing electrochemical analysis on site.

Fringing Field Capacitive Smart Sensor Based on PCB Technology for Measuring Water Content in Paper Pulp

We present a capacitive smart sensor based on printed circuit board (PCB) technology to measure the amount of water content in a paper pulp at the wet end of a paper machine. The developed sensor incorporates in the same PCB the signal processing circuits. It is a handheld portable device, and its output is sent to the reading equipment using a Bluetooth wireless connection, providing to the sensor’s operator ease of mobility around the wet end of a paper machine. The prototype was tested in a laboratory, using a wire mesh to emulate the end of a paper machine, and we were able to measure and easily detect when it reaches the water content in the range of 90% to 92%, as required in the paper fabrication process. Standard deviation of the capacitance measurements at various moisture levels is four orders of magnitude smaller than the mean. The smart sensor was tested in the 20°C to 40°C temperature range, in a paper pulp with a gravimetric water content of 91%. Since the variation of capacitance with temperature is practically linear, we propose a simple linear compensation equation to correct the observed sensitivity with the temperature. To keep the signal processing circuits small, low cost, simple, and robust, a novel direct interface sensor to microcontroller circuit technique was used to make the capacitive measurement, allowing for measuring small capacitance deviations without high-frequency oscillators. It was shown that it is possible to integrate the signal processing circuits in the top layer of the PCB interdigitated sensor without adding noise or degrading the performance of the capacitive sensor.

Open-Source Low-Cost Wireless Potentiometric Instrument for pH Determination Experiments

pH determination is an essential experiment in many chemistry laboratories. It requires a potentiometric instrument with extremely low input bias current to accurately measure the voltage between a pH sensing electrode and a reference electrode. In this technology report, we propose an open-source potentiometric instrument for pH determination experiments with Bluetooth wireless connectivity. The hardware is built on a solderless breadboard and mainly composed of an Arduino Nano microcontroller, a 16-bit analog-to-digital converter, two electronic buffer amplifiers, a temperature sensor, and a Bluetooth module with a total cost around $50 (US dollars, including a portable power supply ∼$10). The software is written in Arduino Sketch and the cross-platform Python language, both of which the students can access and modify freely. The instrument was demonstrated with a traditional glass electrode and a custom palladium/palladium oxide pH sensing electrode, and compared with a commercial pH meter. Results sho...

A new EEG recording system for passive dry electrodes

We present a new, low power EEG recording system with an ultra-high input impedance that enables the use of long-lasting, passive dry electrodes. It incorporates Bluetooth wireless connectivity and is designed to be suitable for long-term monitoring during daily activities. The new EEG system is compared to a standard and clinically available reference EEG system using wet electrodes in three separate sets of experiments. In the first two experiments, each dry electrode was surrounded by four standard wet electrodes and the alpha and mu-rhythms were recorded. In the third experiment, serial monopolar (referred to the left ear) recordings of flash visual evoked potential were performed using the new EEG system and a reference system. These experiments showed that the signal recorded using the new EEG system is almost identical to that recorded with standard clinical EEG equipment; our measurements showed that the correlation coefficient between the dry electrode recordings and the average of the four standard electrodes surrounding each dry electrode is greater than 0.85. We conclude that the new EEG system performs similarly to reference EEG systems, while providing the advantages of portability, ease of application and minimal scalp preparation. The proposed system using passive dry electrodes suitable for single use while performing as good as standard EEG equipment provides ease of application and minimal scalp preparation.

Information fusion based smart home control system and its application

This paper presents an information fusion based smart home control system. The proposed control framework includes an Internet access and information acquisition module, in-house networking services with Bluetooth wireless connectivity, an information fusion based controller using fuzzy logic and fuzzy neural network, and embedded computational units in home appliances. It integrates information from multiple sources to control home appliances to create the smart home environment. The detailed description of the proposed system, from design to implementation, is given in this paper.

Enhancing mobile advertising via Bluetooth technology

This paper presents a Multimedia Message Transmitter Tool (MMTT) that provides businesses with the opportunity to use Bluetooth wireless connectivity delivering the relevant information to relevant people in the right places and time. MMTT empowers any business to market their services or products for unlimited time with a one-time fee. It provides the ability to deliver customised content on a permission-based manner to all devices in the range of 100 m to 1 km. MMTT supports user's right of privacy and ensures spam-free delivery of content to interested users. Experimental results show that MMTT provides a viable solution for realising mobile advertising for the advertisers as well as the consumers.

Extended network in automotive transportation

From embedded intersystem multiplex to wireless connectivity automotive drive High Value with High Tech Low Cost in transportation. The 60 millions new cars produced each year within earth are more and more demanding in robust, multi functional low cost embedded network. After the success of low and high speed CAR and LIN protocols for all vehicle purpose. FLEXRAY is starting a new carrier in the powertrain and chassis environment of new premium cars. At the same time, the mass volume market of interior bluetooth wireless connectivity is driving a new way to architecture the connected cockpit. We will fly over all those exiting challenges that could certainly generate synergies between automotive, aeronautics and space for our competitiveness.