Bluetooth Speaker Research Articles

Hearing triboelectricity: home experiments

Abstract This study explores the demonstration of triboelectricity using everyday materials in a home experiment setting. By rubbing Teflon against metallic electrodes (aluminum and copper), we generated significant voltage due to Teflon’s strong electron acceptor properties. Aluminum exhibited higher voltage generation than copper, attributed to a greater electron affinity difference. To showcase practical applications, we successfully illuminated LEDs and powered a Bluetooth speaker, using the voltage generated from Teflon-metal interactions. This simple yet effective setup highlights the potential of triboelectric materials for sustainable energy harvesting and underscores the accessibility of home-based experiments in advancing scientific understanding.

Early Childhood Education Teachers’ Use of Teaching Learning Resources in the Implementation of Play-Based Activities within the Hemang Lower Denkyira District of Ghana

The main purpose of this study was to assess ECE Teachers’ use of teaching learning resources in the implementation of play-based activities within the Hemang Lower Denkyira District. The study adopted the qualitative research approach. The case study design was adopted for this study. Semi-structured interview guide and observation checklist were the instruments utilized to collect data from ten (10) participants, nine (9) professional Early Childhood Education Teachers and one (1) District Early Childhood Coordinator for this study. The purposive sampling was used in selecting the participants for the study. The data were analyzed thematically with the help of Taguette, an online qualitative analysis software. The findings of the study revealed that, Early Childhood Centres do not have audio materials like Bluetooth speakers for oral and listening activities. The study also found that, most schools have no access to electricity and so lack television set and computers to aid in audio-visual lessons. Lastly, it was revealed from the study that, most Early childhood teachers used improvised materials instead of realia to enhance first hand experiences of learners. The study hence recommends that; The Stakeholders of education such as; Parent Association (PA), School Management Council (SMC), Headteachers, Teachers and the Mission units should resource Early Childhood Centres with enough, varieties, and developmentally appropriate play resources/materials and equipment to facilitate play-based pedagogies at the early childhood centres. It could be concluded from the study that; teachers’ ability to meaningfully use TLRs in their lessons and to create the necessary environment and opportunities for their children to have access to the TLRs and to manipulate them is central to the successful implementation of play-based pedagogy. Therefore, relevant resources/materials such as Audio, audio-visual and concrete materials are to be provided to promote play-based pedagogies at the early childhood centres.

Augmenting patient monitoring during intravenous moderate sedation with artificial intelligence: A pilot study.

A precordial stethoscope (PS) is essential for ensuring clear breath sounds during open airway sedations. However, a traditional PS limits the ability of new users to simultaneously listen to heart and lung sounds alongside experienced practitioners, hindering their learning and development. Bluetooth speaker systems allow for multiple providers but amplify all noise. An artificial intelligence (AI) PS has the potential to selectively reduce ambient noise, allowing multiple providers to monitor concurrently and provides a visual representation of the sound waves.The study looks at the benefits of AI PS in teaching in the dental setting. A questionnaire was created to compare the new AI PS to a conventional PS during intravenous moderate sedation in a dental clinic setting. Sixteen individuals involved in sedations (four dental attendings, seven dental residents, and five dental assistants), were polled with a 100% response rate. 75% of participants agreed that clarity was improved using the AI PS and 81.25% of participants agreed that breath sounds and loudnesswere improved using the AI PS. 93.75% reported the AI PS was beneficial in allowing attendees to concurrently monitor a sedation case alongside dental residents. 100% of assistants reported that the AI PS benefited from their participation in sedation cases. As technology advances, it is important that we as providers continue to evolve and consider implementing AI to improve our ability to monitor patients and enhance educational experiences for dental resident trainees.

Assembling a Bluetooth Speaker Prototype as a Lecture Teaching Material

Assembling a Bluetooth Speaker Prototype as a Lecture Teaching Material

A comprehensive dataset for home appliance control using ERP-based BCIs with the application of inter-subject transfer learning.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have a potential to revolutionize human-computer interaction by enabling direct links between the brain and computer systems. Recent studies are increasingly focusing on practical applications of BCIs-e.g., home appliance control just by thoughts. One of the non-invasive BCIs using electroencephalography (EEG) capitalizes on event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to target stimuli and have shown promise in controlling home appliance. In this paper, we present a comprehensive dataset of online ERP-based BCIs for controlling various home appliances in diverse stimulus presentation environments. We collected online BCI data from a total of 84 subjects among whom 60 subjects controlled three types of appliances (TV: 30, door lock: 15, and electric light: 15) with 4 functions per appliance, 14 subjects controlled a Bluetooth speaker with 6 functions via an LCD monitor, and 10 subjects controlled air conditioner with 4 functions via augmented reality (AR). Using the dataset, we aimed to address the issue of inter-subject variability in ERPs by employing the transfer learning in two different approaches. The first approach, "within-paradigm transfer learning," aimed to generalize the model within the same paradigm of stimulus presentation. The second approach, "cross-paradigm transfer learning," involved extending the model from a 4-class LCD environment to different paradigms. The results demonstrated that transfer learning can effectively enhance the generalizability of BCIs based on ERP across different subjects and environments.

THE USE OF RASPBERRY PI AS A MAIN COMPONENT IN MAKING A TEXT RECOGNITION READER FOR CHILDREN

In contemporary society, the demands on parents' time made it challenging to engage in regular reading sessions with their children. In an effort to address this problem, this study created a text recognition reader for kids which used Raspberry Pi as the main component. The Raspberry Pi, a single-board computer that contains hardware components and sensor and controller interfaces that have user-friendly programming capabilities, high connectivity, and desktop functionality, was used to run the script that will capture an image from a webcam, binarize the captured frame, recognize the text, synthesize a voice using a reference, perform text-to-speech with the synthesized voice, and output the sound through a Bluetooth speaker. The Text Recognition Reader’s results revealed that it was less accurate in detecting text from a raw image and more accurate when detecting text from a pre-preprocessed image. The Text Recognition Reader was also faster in detecting text from a pre-processed image, getting an average of 1.03 seconds, than a raw image, getting an average of 1.56 seconds. Given 50-word, 75-word, and 100-word reference text, the Text Recognition Reader was able to synthesize a voice with averages of 61.07 seconds, 81.70 seconds, and 106.6 seconds respectively. The Text Recognition Reader works more effectively and efficiently when working with pre-processed images than raw images in terms of both text detection accuracy and speed. It was also found that the processing time for voice synthesis heightened whenever the number of characters used in the utilized reference text increased. The Text Recognition Reader was able to detect text, synthesize a voice using the detected text, and read it out loud using the processed voice but also faced limitations. The Reader is highly sensitive to the lighting conditions of its environment.

Perancangan Charger Station Dengan Pembayaran Uang Koin Beserta Analisa Potensi Bisnisnya

At this time, many electronic devices use battery technology such as laptops, cell phones, Bluetooth earphones (TWS), Bluetooth speakers and others. The device requires electrical energy from the battery to operate. It's normal for people with high mobility who often leave the room to run out of battery power. Because of that, how do you solve the problem of running out of battery energy / low battery on electronic devices, because of that a charger station tool was designed with coin payments where there is business potential in designing the device. This study uses the PZEM-004T module as an electrical energy sensor and multi coin acceptor to select coins that enter the charger station system, then the WeMos D1 mini will control the SSR and provide information via the 16x2 Alphanumeric LCD and the Blynk application because the WeMos D1 mini module supports the Internet. of Things (IoT). The information displayed on the Alphanumeric 16x2 LCD is the remaining kWh balance, voltage and load power of the charger station user, then the Blynk application displays information on the number of rupiah coins that have been entered, the remaining kWh balance, voltage, current, power factor and load power of the charger user. This charger station system uses a coin of Rp. 100, Rp. 200, Rp. 500 and Rp. 1000, where if the coins are inserted into the charger station system, the user will get a kWh electricity balance according to the calculation of the selling price. The author uses a profit margin of 300% of the cost of class B1 PLN electricity rates plus the cost of the charger station system electricity.

Modeling a loudspeaker system with a flexible enclosure using finite element and lumped parameter model

A modeling method combining finite element and lumped parameter (FE-LP) model is proposed for accurately simulating loudspeaker systems with flexible enclosures, such as speakerphones, AI speakers, and portable Bluetooth speakers. In this approach, the mechanical components of the driver unit, except for the cone assembly (consisting of the dust cap, cone, and surround), are represented by lumped parameters, while the cone assembly and enclosure are modeled using the finite element method. The coupled equations of motion for the cone assembly and enclosure are derived to describe their dynamic behavior accurately. The coupling between the lumped parameters and finite elements is achieved through the manipulation of the system matrix. The validity of the proposed FE-LP method is demonstrated through numerical examples, including tests for the case of a loudspeaker system with a rigid enclosure. The results of these tests confirm that the proposed method can be applied to loudspeaker systems with enclosures of any rigidity.

Connection with the Multiple Bluetooth Speaker with the Single Device

Abstract: This paper presents the design and development of an Audio Connector application that enables users to route audio from a single input source to multiple output devices simultaneously. It is able to communicate with a wide range of devices without an interface. Users can concurrently stream audio to two wireless speakers or headphones using the Dual Audio functionality. Additionally, users can independently adjust the media output volume of each audio device. The times when you and your buddies would constantly quarrel about the volume of the audio are long gone. Theoretically, all Bluetooth 5.0 and higher-capable devices can use the dual audio capability. However, other elements like the hardware capabilities of your device and its operating system, for example, the Android version, also affect your ability to use this feature. The Bluetooth signal's maximum range is still 10 metres, despite advancing technical requirements for wireless communication

Non-Athlete High School Students' Music Usage During Exercise

With the invention of technology devices such as wireless headphones and portable Bluetooth speakers, teenagers have gradually become heavily reliant on music during exercising/practicing. To find the underlying reason for this habit, an anonymous survey was sent out to 50 high school boarding students in America on 9th December 2022 regarding the purpose of listening to music during exercising/practicing, and their music preferences. Music supports both mental and physical aspects during athletic training. A slight correlation was found between music preferences specifically for the purpose of athletic training, and a slight correlation was found between preferences for genres of music and preference for each aspect of music.

Experiments to identify the optimal sound to use in a new sound ball to improve recruitment, retention, health, and wellness for blind and visually impaired tennis players

Within the sport of Blind and Visually Impaired (BVI) Tennis, the choice of sound is important in locating the ball. We conducted two experiments to choose a sound that will improve the localizability of the ball, in response to a request for new ball development from the International Blind Tennis Association (IBTA). We screened sounds (freesounds.com) for characteristics that the brain best exploits for sound source localization (Risoud et al, 2018). Sample sounds (23) were tested on an outdoor BVI court in a public park using five Bluetooth speakers, and then replicated in an indoor setting; the environments were otherwise naturalistic and unaltered. Blindfolded-sighted participants (n=29) pointed to where they believed sounds originated, by moving an arrow attached to a large protractor. Degree angles were recorded and converted to absolute degree angle error. The standard BVI tennis rattle ball sound resulted in 9.56 degrees of average angular error at a 30-foot distance. After eliminating sounds that 2 or more people either could not hear in either soundscape or that people had degree angle errors over 15 degrees, we discovered a superior localizable sound that resulted in only 4.00 degrees of average angular error at a 30-foot distance.

중학교 학교내 무한상상실 목공 체험활동과제 및 수업자료 개발

This study aimed to develop instructional material for a woodworking hands-on activity task for middle-school makerspaces to enhance students’ problem-solving abilities. The hands-on activity task and instructional material were developed in a three-stage process: preparation, development, and improvement.
 In the preparation stage, educational goals were set based on the 2015 revised curriculum and research reports on school makerspaces. Further, by administering surveys to and conducting interviews with makerspace operators, data on the current status and demand of school makerspaces were collected and analyzed.
 In the development stage, six preliminary themes were presented, and the theme that was easily applicable, and was of high interest, to school makerspaces was selected based on expert advisory opinions. The woodworking hands-on activity task selected in this stage is “making a Bluetooth speaker,” which is a theme significantly related to our daily life. Next, based on the analysis in the preparation stage, the educational goals for each stage of the woodworking hands-on activity task were stated, the content of the task that could enhance students’ problem-solving abilities was selected, and the learning goal was stated. Moreover, material such as student activity sheets and presentation material for teachers were developed.
 In the improvement stage, the proposed course plan and instructional material were validated by an expert and were accordingly revised. An average score of 4.64 points and a minimum of 4 points were obtained for a questionnaire of a test sheet from the experts. A preliminary test targeting students was conducted to obtain their opinions for improving the hands-on activity task. An average score of 4.86 points and a minimum score of 4.75 points on the questionnaire were obtained. Based on students’ opinions, the woodworking hands-on activity task was modified and supplemented.
 The developed woodworking hands-on activity task as well as class material on using the equipment in school makerspaces to cultivate students’ technical problem-solving ability were improved based on validity tests conducted by an expert and preliminary tests targeting student. The findings are expected to be helpful in the operation of school makerspaces and the design of woodworking classes.

Penn State acoustic wave kits (PAWKits)

The increasing prevalence of blended resident and distance education courses makes it difficult to implement in-class demonstrations or hands-on activities to enhance learning. Our objective here is to develop and evaluate the use of at-home activity kits in fundamental acoustics and vibration courses for graduate students. First-generation PAWkits includedfive1-ft PVC pipes, four PVC couplers, a PVC end cap, a PVC T-branch, two dental dams, a tuning fork, a bluetooth speaker with passive radiator, a lapel microphone, a thick string, a thin string, ten magnets, four magnetic hooks, four springs (two spring constants), and an alligator clip. The total cost of the kit per student was estimated at $66 plus shipping. The first-generation PAWkit was designed for five main activities includingmeasuring directivity of the speaker and tuning fork, waves in pipes including T-branch and low-pass filters, waves in membranes, waves in strings, and mass-spring vibration systems. Activities were tested across two required Penn State first-year required courses for graduate students. PAWkits are currently being evaluated through student surveys and, in the future, by tracking the performance of Ph.D. students on the qualifying exam. [Work supported by Penn State Leonhard Center Seed Grant.]

Using autonomous recording units to detect individual marsh birds in the Northern Gulf of Mexico.

Marsh birds are highly elusive and select wetland habitats that are difficult to navigate, as well as easily damaged by human observers. Autonomous recording units (ARUs) have been used to determine presence or absence of marsh bird species, but little is known about distance effects on detection probability. Therefore, our objectives were to 1.) evaluate if ARUs can be used to accurately count three marsh bird species (e.g., Clapper Rail, Least Bittern, Seaside Sparrow), 2.) estimate detection probability curves based on ARU recordings, and 3.) determine the area surveyed by the ARU for the three species. We arranged ARUs to record calls from our marsh bird species broadcasted from Bluetooth speakers at fixed distances. We replicated natural calling scenarios by playing calls in different number combinations of individuals, ranging from 1 to 10 birds. To reduce interference from real bird vocalizations, we conducted our experiment in a recently burned pine savanna habitat that had similar herbaceous vegetation structure to the coastal emergent wetland habitats preferred by these species in southern Mississippi. We used Raven Pro bioacoustics software to produce sonogram images of the broadcasted calls to count individuals in each recording. Detection probability of each species by distance was calculated in program R. Results showed that ARUs may be useful for counting individuals at close distances for some species (< 100m), but most counts biased low. In Clapper Rails and Least Bitterns, count accuracy decreased between 100 and 125 meters from the ARU but closer (50-100 meters) for Seaside Sparrows. There was also a significant decline in count accuracy with increasing chorus size. With further study and advancing technology, ARUs may be able to supplement marsh bird surveys and limit logistical issues.

An Exploratory Study Investigating the Accuracy of Sound Measurements in iOS Devices for Accessibility Applications

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> To investigate the accuracy and consistency of sound across mobile iOS devices and models to compare the measurements and adjust algorithms for collecting accessibility information in applications. <h3>Design</h3> Device Reliability Assessment. <h3>Setting</h3> Measurements were collected in a research center devoid of environmental sound. <h3>Participants</h3> Five researchers recorded sound measurements for twelve devices and two sound meters. <h3>Interventions</h3> Two sound meters were placed parallel on the floor 6 in. apart with a Bluetooth speaker suspended 18 in. above them. Sound was played downward through the speaker that used a tone generating app. This app allowed researchers to initiate sound and manipulate frequency and volume strength. When sound was played, data was collected at ten different frequencies with each frequency having ten volume measurements recorded. For example, sound at 50Hz would be recorded at 10% volume, 20% volume, etc. Once all the measurements had been taken, the sound meters were replaced with iOS devices. The same methods for data collection were used for the iOS devices and microphones on the front of devices were utilized for sound measurements. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Average dBs reported over five seconds across different frequencies and volumes per iOS device. <h3>Results</h3> Three-thousand measurements were collected, and the results demonstrated variation between the sound measurements of the iOS devices. Devices could be grouped into two categories based on the configuration of the microphones used in the devices, which differed in location, number and position. In addition, the data collected from the iOS devices differed from the sound meters used. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study provided data that can be used to revise the algorithm implemented in the AccessSound application. The increased consistency among devices will ensure that collected sound measurements are accurate and will interpret the auditory accessibility of that environment with more precision. Furthermore, any rehabilitation app developers using the sensors in iOS mobile devices are made aware of the current variability among sound measurements collected by different device models and version. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> N/A.

Product Design Bluetooth Speaker Corncob Raw Material

The research conducted in this journal continues from the process of previous design projects from “the Matching Fund” platform Kedaireka 2021 program that held by ITENAS, which is the utilization of corncob waste in Rancakalong village, Sumedang into products that have a selling value. The opportunities that are obtained from the exploration of corncob waste are very wide, one of the opportunities that can be done is to implement corncob waste into bluetooth speaker products. This design is designed through a production process using a lamination technique and also utilizing the characteristics of the corncob, namely the bending technique. This product also compromises the value of the novelty offered with the factors of production in order to obtain real costs as the basis for obtaining a reasonable selling price. The method used in this design is design literacy. At the end of the research, the output is a prototype of a bluetooth speaker product. The novelty of this research is the use of corn cobs as the main material and the use of bending techniques in the product manufacturing process.

The Prerequisite of E-Waste Recycling-A Review Study

The growth rate of technology has brought the swift in all the electronic goods, by the innovation of smart device and gadgets. The incredible change which brought the compact device like ultra-slim smart television, light weight laptops, compact mobile phones, Bluetooth speakers, Tablets and various numbers of wireless gadgets all these fascinated the people to purchase and made the comfort zone of life. On-other hand looking towards the dumping of old and repaired device have been increased in the alarming manner to go for the recycle and re-fabricated products. It has been observed the trending fashion of festival offers on the electronic goods in India and as well as in other part of the countries makes the human psychological effects to go for the exchange of the products before the end of life of the electronic products which is already existing. New devices and features of mobiles attract the human to dump the old devices and purchase the new one without any proper guidance and awareness about the E-waste generation in the countries. E-waste is one of the massive and large-scale environmental issue to segregate and recycle the products to reduce the various impacts and causes for the environmental pollution. As the physical dimensions of the electronic devices and gadgets are getting compact in size, the dimension of dumping rate on ground is increasing day to day by the number of consumers and these leads to increase all the root causes for the environmental issues which has been studied and stated in the recent research.

A Study on the Bluetooth Speaker Product-Service Design Prototype According to Changes in Music Listening Behavior

블루투스 스피커 제품의 사용성 확장을 목적으로 제품-서비스 디자인 Prototype을 연구하였다. 연구 방법으로 사용자경험 리서치에 유용한 서비스디자인 방법론을 활용하여 디자인 접근을 시도하였다. 첫째, 제품-서비스 시스템에 대한 이론적 고찰과 함께 블루투스 스피커의 시장 현황과 기술 동향을 분석하고, 주요 브랜드의 디자인 특징을 분석하였다. 둘째, 블루투스 스피커 사용자 및 구매 예정자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여, 음악 청취 행태와 스피커 이용행태, 라이프스타일 및 요구사항을 분석하여 사용자경험 가치 요소와 니즈를 도출하였다. 셋째, 도출된 이슈를 바탕으로 사용자 유형별 페르소나 시나리오를 설정하였다. 넷째, 세분화된 사용자 그룹의 특성을 바탕으로 블루투스 스피커의 제품-서비스 디자인 Concept를 제안하였다. 연구 결과, 첫 번째는 조명 스피커로 IoT 기술에 기반하여 조명 각도와 휘도를 이용한 정서케어 서비스 아이디어를 제안하였다. 두 번째는 무선충전 스피커로 무선충전의 편리성뿐만 아니라 풍부한 사운드와 엔터테인먼트 콘텐츠 서비스를 즐길 수 있는 컨셉을 제안하였다. 세 번째는 오디오 전문메이커의 특성을 살린 음성인식 스피커로 인공지능 기술을 적용하여 헬스케어 서비스 아이디어를 제안하였다. 결론적으로 ‘조명’, ‘무선충전’, ‘헬스케어’ 3가지의 방향성으로 블루투스 스피커의 사용 확장성을 제안하였다.

Performing acoustics experiments using inexpensive Bluetooth speakers and smartphone signal generator applications

The acoustic experiments discussed here are by no means novel; some can be traced back to the 18th century. What may be new to readers is the use of small, low-cost Bluetooth speakers and signal generator applications (apps) to perform them (Fig. 1).

Pulling Data from Multiple Websites to Identify Best Deals on Auction Websites

Robotic process automation(RPA)is an emerging tool of automation technology based on notion of software robots or Artificial intelligence(AI). If the customer wants to buy a Bluetooth speaker. He will go to flip kart and search the product. and see the prices as expensive. He will buy it .But the same product is cheaper in Amazon. So our project will give the best product based on the best price and best rating.