Blue Swimming Crab Portunus Pelagicus Research Articles

Microplastics in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Blue Crab (Portunus pelagicus) Caught by Bandaran, Bangkalan Fishermen at Different Sizes

Microplastics are plastic waste that is degraded into small sizes that float in water bodies and can be ingested by aquatic biota. This study aims to determine the shape, color, and abundance of microplastics in the digestive tract of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) caught by fishermen in Bandaran Village, Bangkalan at different sizes. Swimming crab sampling was carried out 3 times with different sizes, namely small, medium, and large. Identification of microplastics using a solution of H2SO4 and H2O2 with a concentration of 30% with a ratio of 3:1. Microplastic forms found include fiber, fragments, and films. The highest abundance of microplastics was found in large crabs with a value of 3.13 particles/g. The simple regression test results obtained a relatively small R² value of 0.0003 meaning that the size of the crab has a very small correlation with the abundance of microplastics in the digestive tract.

Evolution of the Food Web in Bandon Bay, the Gulf of Thailand: Ten Years of the Blue Swimming Crab Stocking Programme.

The ecosystem of Bandon Bay, in the Gulf of Thailand (GoT), has been impacted since 2007 by the continued stocking of larval blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus, also called a crab bank. In this study, the food web in the Bay was modelled using Ecopath software to compare the trophic status, interaction and energy flow among the components in the system in 2007 and 2016 (i.e., before and 10 years after the crab bank intervention). The models were based on data collected from trawling. Twenty fish and shellfish components were used in the 2007 model, while 22 were used in the 2016 model. A significant increase in biomass was found in blue swimming crab, but biomass declined for other demersal fishes, cephalopods, and Penaeid shrimps. The production/biomass ratios of most components were higher in 2016 but the consumption/biomass ratios were relatively unchanged. The ecotrophic efficiency indicated that shellfishes were more exploited than fishes. Changes in most of the ecological indices revealed higher maturity and stability after 10 years of crab bank operation. The mixed trophic impact indicated bottom-up regulation, and that the increase of blue swimming crab negatively impacted only Mantis shrimp. Overall, the results indicate positive impacts of the crab bank intervention.

The Composition of Portunus pelagicus on the Fishing Ground Area of Danasari Waters, Pemalang Regency

Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is one of the most economically valuable marine products in Indonesia. The crabs productivity was generally still dependent on the population in the wild. Danasari Village is one of the main crab producers in Pemalang Regency. The daily fishing crab activities by fisherman direct an impact on decreasing of the natural crabs resources. This study determined the crabs composition in the fishing ground where usually spotted by the Danasari crab fisherman. This research obtained the information of a composition of female and male crabs, carapace width distribution, growth characterized, and the egg-berried female number. This study conducted on May to July 2022. The result in this research was a male crabs were dominated than females. The carapace width was generally amount 92-112 mm, while the growth characteristic of blue swimming crabs was negative allometric. The female crab gonad maturity was dominated by 2nd level gonad maturity, while the egg-berried female crabs were found 21 crabs totaled from 14 spot fishing grounds. Based on the carapace width distribution, there are a lot of blue swimming crab with undersized in shallow-depth fishing sites, while the crab size mostly above 100 mm already found at each spot in this research. The highest egg-berried female percentage was found at spot 7th and 13rd, where the female crabs at 7th spot were bigger carapace than at 13rd spot areas. These results indicated that crab resources in Danasari Waters and surround area were indicated potentially overfished, proven with undersized berried-female crabs. The management efforts will conduct an environmentally friendly fishing gear, regarding the policy of ministry regulating as to keep crab resources sustainable. In addition, scheduling rules for fishing activities can also be tested to be applied.

Fishery of Blue Swimming Crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Northern Bohol, Philippines

Fishery of Blue Swimming Crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Northern Bohol, Philippines

Age Structure, Growth, and Mortality of Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus,1758) in Banten Bay Waters

Blue swimming crab (BSC) (Portunus pelagicus) is the main fisheries commodity in Banten Bay, with the highest catch of catch occurring in the west monsoon. Increased fishing efforts have reduced the catch, as indicated by a decrease in the average size of carapace width. Overfishing might influence the life cycle and population structure of the BSC. This research aims to analyze the growth and mortality of the Blue Swimming Crab in Banten Bay, especially in the west monsoon. Blue swimming crab samples were obtained from the catch of fish trap and gillnet fishermen with landing sites around the Karangantu Archipelago Fishing Port. Growth, age, and mortality were predicted based on the measurement of total carapace width and body weight. Data were analyzed using Fisat II and Microsoft Excel. The frequency distribution of carapace showed one mode class which normally was distributed consisting of only one age structure group (cohort). The relationship between carapace width and weight of males or females resulted in a slope value (b>3) and was positive allometric, indicating that both sexes had a faster weight gain than the increase in carapace width. Growth parameters resulted asymptotic length (L∞); male 176.75 mm and female 176.46 mm. The growth was relatively fast, with a growth coefficient value of more than one. The mortality showed that the fishing mortality value (F);in males was 3.47 /year and in females 2.69/year was greater than the natural mortality value (M); males 1.25/year and females 1.22/year. Blue Swimming Crabs in Banten Bay had overfished as shown by the high fishing mortality value and there were still many BSC that were caught below the legal size allowed. Thus, catches should be controlled to keep the population and for sustainable fisheries.

Some reproductive features of blue swimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus) in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt.

Some reproductive features of blue swimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus) in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt.

Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) as a Sentinel Species to Assess Trace Metal Occurrence: A Case Study of Kuwait Waters (Northwestern Arabian Gulf).

Heavy metal pollution can adversely impact marine life, such as crabs, which can accumulate it in different organs and potentially transfer and biomagnify along the food chain in aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to examine the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in sediment, water, and crab tissues (gills, hepatopancreas, and carapace) of the blue swimmer crab Portunus pelagicus in the coastal areas of Kuwait, northwestern Arabian Gulf. Samples were collected from Shuwaikh Port, Shuaiba Port, and Al-Khiran areas. The accumulation of metals in crabs were higher in the carapace > gill > digestive gland, and the highest metal concentration was found in crabs collected from Shuwaikh > Shuaiba > Al-Khiran. The metal concentrations in the sediments were in the order Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Zn was the highest metal concentration detected in marine water sampled from the Al-Khiran Area, whereas the lowest metal was Cd sampled in water from the Shuwaikh Area. The results of this study validate the marine crab P. pelagicus as a relevant sentinel and prospective bioindicator for evaluating heavy metal pollution in marine ecosystems.

Sail technology on fishing vessel for blue swimming crab catching application - A review

The increase in fuel prices will gradually have an impact on the capture fisheries sub-sector, especially the fishermen. Sail technology is an alternative that can be used to save fuel oil, although it is realized that this technology cannot completely replace the diesel motor that is commonly used in fishing operations. This study will explain the application opportunities of sail technology on fishing vessels for blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in the deep waters of the Java Sea. This fishing ground is more than 12 nautical miles from the coast. Using sail technology on fishing vessels is very dependent on the characteristics of wind speed and direction. This discussion explores the relationship between the west and east monsoons in the Java Sea with the direction of fishing trip. Technological difficulties and current challenge in sail technology on fishing vessel for blue swimming crab are identified. The possible ideas for future research in this field are also discussed.

Reveal The Growth Pattern and Condition Factors of Blue Swimming Crabs (Portunus pelagicus) in Estuary Ecosystem of Berombang, Labuhanbatu Regency, North Sumatera

The Blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus which comes from subphylum Crustacea, specifically the Portunidae family, is one of the potential crabs that have high economic value in Labuhanbatu regency. This study aimed to reveal information on condition factors and the population growth pattern of P. pelagicus in the ecosystem of the Berombang river estuary. This study was conducted from November 2021 to January 2022, using the purposive random sample method in determining the sampling points. In collecting the samples of P. pelagicus, the researchers used fish traps called bubu with fresh fish as bait. Results showed that the growth pattern of P. pelagicus was negatively allometric, in which values ​​for males and females were 1.1552 and 2.2727, respectively. Furthermore, the results of the correlation analysis between the physical-chemical of waters to abundance of P. pelagicus indicated that positive correlation for water temperature (0.835), dissolved oxygen (DO) (0.778), and salinity (0.726) had an effect on the presence of P. pelagicus.

Population Genetic Structure of the Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus) Along the Andaman Sea Coast of Thailand

The blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is a valuable commercial species. In Thailand, the consumption of the blue swimming crab is increasing. To construct an effective sustainable management plan, genetic information is required. Knowledge of natural stock genetic information can help policymakers design fishing and conservation management policies to maintain genetic diversity. In our study, we examined the genetic structure of the blue swimming crab population on the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. Partial sequences of the mitochondrial DNA control region (mtDNA CR) with a size of 369-371 base pairs were studied in 150 individuals collected from five sampling sites along Thailand's Andaman Sea coast. Seventy-one haplotypes were characterized by 127 polymorphic sites, indicating high haplotype diversity but low nucleotide diversity across five localities. The multiple tests of population genetic analysis showed a lack of genetic structure. The absence of genetic structure was possibly caused by a high level of gene flow due to the larval blue swimming crab's high dispersal ability. Demographic history findings indicate that the blue swimming crab population has expanded. The findings of our study can be used to guide the management of the blue swimming crab in this region of the Andaman Sea to conserve genetic diversity.

The first description of the blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) transcriptome and immunological defense mechanism in response to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)

In the global shellfish farming industry, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a major cause of mortality and a significant factor in economic losses. However, information on molecular immune responses to WSSV in blue swimming crabs (Portunus pelagicus) has never been reported. First, viral loads were measured in the gills, hepatopancreas, intestines, subcuticular epithelium and hemocytes of blue swimming crabs (50 ± 10 g) (n = 4) after WSSV induction at 0, 24, 48 and 96 h post injection (hpi). A significant increase in WSSV particles was observed in gills at 48 and 96 hpi, as supported by histopathology. To further investigate the acute immune response to WSSV, total RNA from the same gill tissues at 0, 24, and 96 hpi was used to construct 16 high-quality RNA-seq cDNA libraries. In summary, 162,740 unigenes were discovered in these transcriptomic libraries analyzed with the GO, KO, KOG, NR, NT, PFAM and SwissProt databases. Intensive sequence analysis against control crabs using three major categories of gene oncology (GO) of DEGs, biological processes (BPs), molecular functions (MFs), and cellular components (CCs), indicated that induction of WSSV in blue swimming crabs strongly affected the immune responses of the target animals significantly during the early stages of infection from 24 to 96 hpi. Furthermore, KEGG identified approximately twenty biological pathways of gene expression that were both downregulated and upregulated. Interestingly, at 24 and 96 hpi, several immune-related genes involved in virus defense in the blue swimming crab, particularly crustin 2, chitinase, anti-lipopolysaccharide, proteinase inhibitor, and lysozyme, were highly expressed during the WSSV early infection stages. At the same time, viral mRNA transcripts, including WSV289, WSV343, WSV306, deoxyuridine 5’ triphosphate nucleohydrolase, RING finger containing E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase WSV403 and WSV404, were recorded in the top twenty upregulated genes. Moreover, some immune-responsive genes related to growth development, such as chitinase, tubulin alpha and beta chains, trypsin, and the cathepsin family, were also differentially expressed during these periods. Expression validation of 20 upregulated and 11 downregulated immune-related genes using qRT‒PCR showed similar patterns with transcriptome information. Overall, the data showed that during WSSV infection, a number of immune-, metabolism-, and growth-related pathways were activated, and several of the pathways involved differed depending on the stage of virus invasion. These findings could effectively help us better understand the impact of WSSV on the physiology of blue swimming crabs and serve as a valuable reference for future research on the immune system and disease control in this target species.

A novel anti-lipopolysaccharide factor from blue swimmer crab Portunus pelagicus and its cytotoxic effect on the prokaryotic expression host, E. coli on heterologous expression

BackgroundInvertebrates like crabs employ their own immune systems to fight against a number of invasive infections. Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) are an important class of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibiting binding and neutralizing activities against lipopolysaccharides. ResultsThis study identified and characterized a novel homolog of ALF (Pp-ALF) from the blue swimmer crab Portunus pelagicus. Pp-ALF has a 369bp open-reading frame encoding a protein with 123 amino acids. The deduced protein featured an LPS-binding domain and a signal peptide. The predicted tertiary structure of Pp-ALF contains three α helices packed against four β sheets. The deduced amino acid sequence of Pp-ALF had a net positive charge of +10.75 and an isoelectric point of 9.8. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Pp-ALF has a strong ancestral relationship with crab ALFs. ConclusionAntibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, and antibiofilm activities of Pp-ALF could be revealed by in silico prediction tools. Recombinant expression of Pp-ALF was unsuccessful in the Escherichia coli Rosetta-gami expression system due to the cytotoxic effect of the peptide to the host. The toxic effect of Pp-ALF to the host was displayed by membrane permeabilization and death of the host cells by fluorescent staining with Syto9-Propidium Iodide and CTC-DAPI- FITC.

The Financial analysis of the catching of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi

One of the important capture fisheries commodities in Southeast Sulawesi, especially small-scale fisheries, is blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) using traps. The catching is said to be successful if it gets the maximum profit for the business actor. The use of different types of bait in trap results in different catches. The purpose of this study was to analyze the financial aspects which include costs, income, profits, and the level of financial feasibility of catching crabs using different baits, namely peperek fish and anchovies. The method used in this study is a survey method, namely by reviewing, observing and collecting information data directly in the field. The results of the study indicated that the variable costs incurred annually have a greater amount than the fixed costs. The biggest revenue from the crab catching business was by using peperek fish bait, with the profits being able to cover the costs incurred. Crab fishing business using peperek fish is said to be feasible and profitable as seen from the value of NPV, IRR, and B/C Ratio with the return on capital in the category of medium return on capital. Meanwhile, by using anchovy bait, there is a loss, where the revenue obtained cannot cover the costs incurred.

Fishing impact of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) fishery on target in Lamongan Water, Northern Coast of Eastern Java Province

Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is a high-value export commodity of fisheries to the international market. Thus, it promotes overfishing, reducing target stocks, and ecological impact on non-target biota. Fishers in Lamongan Regency use traps, trammel nets, and mini trawl (arad) to target the crabs. The fishing gears have different levels of selectivity. This study aims to evaluate the impact of crab fishing on target (P. pelagicus), particularly in the study area. The samples of blue swimming crab (BSC) were collected using the quota sampling method. The parameters of the crab catch (Portunus pelagicus) collected included carapace width, weight, sex, and gonad maturity stage (GMS). 1424 fishing vessels and 3598 fishers targeted the BSC in the Lamongan water. The result of this study showed that 93% of BSC catch was higher than the legal size from traps, 66% (arad), 89 % (trammel nets). The growth parameter of L∞ = 156.95 mm (for female) and L∞ = 182.22 mm (male), while K = 1.4 per year (for female) and K = 1.4 per year (male). The relationship between carapace width and weight of the male and female crabs was positive allometric growth. The LB-SPR parameter value was 23% which indicated that the crab resource stock in Lamongan waters was a ‘fully-moderately’ status, while the selectivity level indicated an ‘over-exploitation’ base on the E value = 0.69 (for female crab) and E = 0.72 (for male). This study proposes urgently reducing the fishing effort targeting BSC, particularly by the mini trawl (arad) and implementing a rebuilding stock program for the BSC.

REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF INTRASPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF BLUE SWIMMING CRAB (Portunus pelagicus)

High exploitation of the blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) has significantly reduced its wild populations. The domestication process of this species has been started; however, its breeding program has not yet been successful. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the reproduction performance of intraspecific hybrids of blue swimming crab from Sorong (Papua) and Barru (South Sulawesi), Indonesia. P. pelagicus from Sorong has a bigger size, while the crab from Barru has a better reproduction performance, including fecundity and egg diameter. Hybridization was conducted between crabs from Sorong and Barru with different combinations of broodstock, namely: Barru female ><Barru male, (BF><BM); Barru female ><Sorong male (BF><SM); and Sorong female ><Barru male (SF><BM). The results showed no significant difference in the fecundity and egg diameter between the three hybridization trials. The number of successfully spawned broodstock from BF><BM, BF><SM, and SF><BM were 3, 3, and 2 broodstock, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean values of egg fecundity from BF><BM, BF><SM, and SF><BM were 117, 109, and 151 eggs/g BW, respectively. Furthermore, the mean values of broodstock fecundity per crab were 7,797 eggs, 10,103 eggs, and 10,605 eggs, while the mean values of egg diameter were 0.58 mm, 0.57 mm, and 0.62 mm, respectively. In conclusion, the intraspecific hybridization was successfully carried out between the Barru and Sorong crab populations showing no differences in the fecundity values and egg diameter between the three crosses. The successful spawning between female crabs from Sorong and male crabs from Barru was higher than that of female crabs from Barru and male crabs from Sorong.

Diversity of Crustaceans Bycatch of Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus) Fisheries of Landed in Leppe village, Soropia District, Konawe Regency

This research was aiming of find out the diversity of crustaceans bycatch of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) fisheries of moon period based. The method used was a survey method and sampling of crustacean bycatch was carried out during the period of bright moon (11-15 moon nights) and dark moon (27-1 moon nights). The results showed that there were 20 species of crustacean bycatch found during the study in which 17 species were found during the bright moon and 16 species were found during the dark moon. Thalamita danae species had the highest abundance during the dark and the bright moon period. The number of the male crustaceans bycatch was higher than the females for both bright and dark moon periods.Diversity index crustacean bycatch in both periods (brigh tand dark) ranged from 0.83 to 0.85. The evennes index and dominance index inthe bright and dark moon are the same (0.69 and 0.22, respectively).

Density and width-weight relationship of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in Letman Waters, Southeast Maluku

Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is a fishery commodity with a fairly high selling value, both as a local commodity and as an export commodity. The high level of utilization and trade of blue swimming crabs is not matched by knowledge of how to conserve these resources which can result in a decrease in blue swimming crab resource stocks. Sampling was carried out in November 2021 using a selected random sampling method. The density of the male blue swimming crab is 94,118 ind/km2 and the female is 58,824 ind/km2. The results of the analysis of the width-weight relationship of the blue swimming crab showed the nature of the blue swimming crab growth was negative allometric with a b value of 2.579.Keywords: density, width-weight relationship, blue swimming crab, Letman

Density and width-weight relationship of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in Letman Waters, Southeast Maluku

Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is a fishery commodity with a fairly high selling value, both as a local commodity and as an export commodity. The high level of utilization and trade of blue swimming crabs is not matched by knowledge of how to conserve these resources so that it can result in a decrease in blue swimming crab resource stocks. Sampling was carried out in November 2021 using a selected random sampling method. The density of the male blue swimming crab is 94,118 ind/km2 and the female is 58,824 ind/km2. The results of the analysis of the width-weight relationship of the blue swimming crab showed the nature of the blue swimming crab growth was negative allometric with a b value of 2.579.Keywords: blue swimming crab; density; Letman; width-weight relationship

Growth Rate and Sexual Performance of Domesticated Blue Swimming Crab, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Earthen Ponds

It is generally accepted that using domesticated aquatic animal is advantageous due to their adaptation to a captive environment. Despite previous reports on the domestication of the blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus 1758), empirical data are lacking on the growth and sexual performance of domesticated individuals of this crab species. Thus, the growth and sexual performance were evaluated of domesticated P. pelagicus from the 1st to the 3rd generations. Domesticated crabs in the 1st (G1), 2nd (G2) and 3rd (G3) generations were reared for 150 days in 400 m2 earthen ponds at a density of 2 crabs/m2. Each generation had 3 replicates. The performance results showed that the mean final CW (11.4 cm) of G1 was higher than in G3 (9.9 cm), and G1 had a higher mean final BW (123.4 g) and SGR (4.8 % day–1) than in G2 (108.2 g and 4.7 % day–1, respectively) and G3 (102.9 g and 4.7 % day–1, respectively). The mean SR values in G1 (20.2 %), G2 (18.8 %) and G3 (18.3 %) were not significantly different. No significant differences were observed in mean FCR and productivity in G1 (5.8 and 94.1 kg/pond, respectively), G2 (6.6 and 82.9 kg/pond, respectively) and G3 (6.7 and 82.0 kg/pond, respectively). Sexual dimorphism in G1, G2 and G3 was observed at 60 days of rearing, with the sex ratio being 1:1 in each generation and 5.6 and 6.7 % of female crabs in G2 and G3, respectively, being berried in this period. In contrast, the berried females in G1 (17.6 % of females) were 1st found on day 90 of the rearing period. At day 150, the percentage composition ranges for yellow, brown and dark gray egg colors of the reared berried female crabs were 20.0 - 25.0, 40.0 - 50.0 and 25.0 - 40.0 %, respectively. These finding should assist in the future establishment of a selective breeding program that produces the 1st genetically improved strain of P. pelagicus possessing desired traits such as fast growth and high survival rates.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Currently, the culture techniques for blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) have not yet been fully established to expand the farms and increase productivity to a commercial scale
 It is generally accepted that using domesticated broodstock is advantageous due to their adaptation to a captive environment
 Successful aquaculture of P.pelagicus should rely on domesticated broodstock in which domestication improves reproductive and growth performances
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Stock conditions and status of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in Demak water area, the northern coast of Central Java

Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is the dominant catch in Betahwalang, Demak, and the most important export fish commodity, particularly to USA. The high demand for this crab has been promoting an excessive fishing effort, causing a decrease in the crab's natural stock. This study aims to investigate the biological condition of P. pelagicus on the northern coast of Central Java and assess the crab stock exploitation status in this study area. Carapace width, body weight, Gonad Maturity Stages (GMS), and sex of crab samples were collected from the fishers and collectors landing sites or meeting points. This study employs a simple random sampling technique with no replacement. This study revealed that the maximum carapace width of female crabs was 56-164 mm, and the estimated carapace width at first maturity (Lm) was 98.2 mm. The relationships between carapace width and body weight between male and female crabs indicated positive and negative allometric growth patterns. During this assessment, the P. pelagicus stock indicated an 'over-exploited’ status, with an LB-SPR parameter of 19 percent and an exploitation rate (E) of 0.66. Management measures such as minimum legal size, reduced effort, and open-close areas and seasons should be implemented to achieve sustainable use of the crab fishery.Keywords:Blue swimming crabFishing gearDemak watersCarapace lengthSpawning potential ratio