Portunus Pelagicus Research Articles

Spawning potential ratio of comercially important spiny lobster in Donggala Waters Central Sulawesi

Currently, spiny lobster fishery in Indonesia ranks third as an export commodity from the crustacean subphylum after shrimp and blue swimming crab – mud crab. Most of the spiny lobster export needs still rely on wild population resulting in fishing pressure. To ensure the sustainability of spiny lobster stocks, information of the Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR) is needed. This study aims to analyze SPR of spiny lobsters of Panulirus femoristriga and P. versicolor species. The research was conducted in May − November 2022 in Donggala Regency waters. SPR analysis uses the Length-Based SPR method. The results showed that the stock status of P. femoristriga and P. versicolor had experienced growth overfishing and recruitment overfishing with estimated SPRs of 17 and 11%, respectively. Fishing regulations are needed to maintain a sustainable spiny lobster fishery through increased participation of stakeholders in the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the regulations set by the government. In addition, it is necessary to reduce of efforts 27 − 33% from the current exploitation rate to E50 0.28.

Sail technology on fishing vessel for blue swimming crab catching application - A review

The increase in fuel prices will gradually have an impact on the capture fisheries sub-sector, especially the fishermen. Sail technology is an alternative that can be used to save fuel oil, although it is realized that this technology cannot completely replace the diesel motor that is commonly used in fishing operations. This study will explain the application opportunities of sail technology on fishing vessels for blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in the deep waters of the Java Sea. This fishing ground is more than 12 nautical miles from the coast. Using sail technology on fishing vessels is very dependent on the characteristics of wind speed and direction. This discussion explores the relationship between the west and east monsoons in the Java Sea with the direction of fishing trip. Technological difficulties and current challenge in sail technology on fishing vessel for blue swimming crab are identified. The possible ideas for future research in this field are also discussed.

Mapping Area Of Potential Arresting Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) In Medan Belawan Waters, North Sumatera Province

Crab (Portunus pelagicus) is one of the fishery commodities that has high economic value, but fishermen in the waters of Medan Belawan still have difficulty in determining the location of the fishing area. Therefore, information is needed regarding the condition of potential arrest areas in an effort to speed up the trip of arrest operations and reduce fuel consumption. The purpose of this study is to map the distribution of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a as well as crab catches and also to analyze potential crab fishing areas. The method used is a survey method by recording the coordinates of the fishing area and the number of catches. Sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a are obtained by downloading MODIS satellite imagery. The analysis used in this study is a linear regression analysis that serves to see the influence of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a on crab catches. The results obtained were the distribution of SPL and chlorophyll-a in Medan Belawan waters during February varied greatly, SPL ranged from 24.13ºC to 29.67ºC with an average value of 27.73ºC. While chlorophyll-a ranged from 0.11 mg/m3 to 3.52 mg/m3 with an average value of 1.613 mg/m3. The catch of crabs during February reached 6,253 kg, with the most catches of 2,380 kg, namely on February 18-25 and at least 264 kg on January 25 to February 1. The results of the analysis of the indicators of estimating the potential area of crabs show that those that are included in the potential category are KM. Khadijah, KM. Sifolin-folin 012, KM. Lugage, KM. Maduma 05, KM. SS XIII, KM. Aura, and KM. Malika Pala 1, while others fall into the potential medium category.

A Simple and Effective Method to Extract Chitosan from Crustacean Shell Waste

ABSTRACT A modified method to extract chitosan from crustacean shell waste is presented. Separate steps for deproteinization, decolorization, and deacetylation were replaced with single-step steeping in an alkali solution for 24 h. This method resulted in 33.26%, 11.39%, and 10.15% of chitosan yield, respectively from whiteleg shrimp, blueswimming crab and giant freshwater prawns whilepreserving physicochemical properties, which was evident by FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDS, ash, viscosity, colour, and antioxidant values. A comparison with the conventional heating method shows 8.10% chemical and 13% energy savings and comparative simplicity of the modified method showing potential to be executed at the industrial level.

Modification of Eco-Friendly Collapsible Crab Pot of Blue Swimming Crab in Pangkep Regency, Indonesia

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of mesh size on the catches of small crab (Portunus sp.) both in number, carapace length (CL), and catchability between modified and control collapsible crab pot. This study used mesh size of the wrapping net (PE) from 2.5 cm (± 1 inch) to 7.0 cm (± 2.5 inches) with 20 units and 20 repetitions (trips). The results showed that different mesh size has a significant effect on the catch of the pot. However, the catch of a 2.5-inch mesh size- showed a larger carapace length = 42 individuals (85.7 %), while the escaped number was 44 individuals (63.7%) in the unfeasible category catch while the remaining 25 samples (36.2%) are eligible to catch. The Anova test on the catch of crab pot with a mesh size of 2.5 inches and 1 inch based on CL showed F-count > F_table (54.213 > 3.016) or sig. value <0.05 (0.00<0.05) which means that the size of the crab pot had a significant effect on CL. This identified that the size of the collapsible crab pot with a mesh size of 2.5 inches could pass small crabs and can only catch large crabs.

PENGARUH PERBEDAAN UMPAN TERHADAP HASIL TANGKAPAN RAJUNGAN (PORTUNUS PELAGICUS) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ALAT TANGKAP BUBU (TRAP NET) PERAIRAN TELUK GERUPUK

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different types of bait on crab (Portunus pelagicus) catches in the waters of Gerupuk Bay and to find out which type of bait is more effective for catching blue crab (Portunus pelagicus) from the three types of bait to be used. The method used in this research is the experimental method. This method conducted research on the effect of different crab trap baits on crab catches. The number of catches obtained during the study was 283 crabs (Portunus pelagicus) with an average of 70.75 consisting of X1 with 115 trash fish baits, X2 with 68 sea eel baits and X3 with 100 kuniran fish baits. tail

Biocompatibility of crab shell-derived graft sterilized by ultraviolet light towards human gingival fibroblast cell culture

Background: Portunus pelagicus crab species meat is generally taken, and their shells that is thrown away becoming untapped waste. Their shells contain so many useful minerals such as calcium carbonate ­which can be processed into hydroxyapatite (HA). HA has been extensively used in the medical field for bone grafting, to repair damaged in bone structures. Purpose: To determine the biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite from Portunus pelagicus crab’s shells extract after sterilized using UV on human gingival fibroblast cell. Methods: This research is an experimental laboratory research using post-test only control group design. The shells were first heated using furnace. Once hydroxyapatite was obtained, it was sterilized using ultraviolet (UV) with certain concentration (25 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm) to kill the microorganisms. MTT assay was done to test the biocompatibility of the sterilized hydroxyapatite on human gingival fibroblast cell. Results: The highest viability of fibroblast cells was the group with 50 ppm UV (98.10%), followed by 100 ppm UV (97.93%), and 25 ppm (93.28%). Conclusion: Hydroxyapatite from Portunus pelagicus crab’s shells extract sterilized using UV is biocompatible towards human gingival fibroblast cell.

Evaluation of BSP and DMP1 in hydroxyapatite crab shells used for dental socket preservation

Background: Bone resorption due to tooth extraction leads to unpredictable bone volume for future prosthetics. Crab shells were promoted as a solution to prevent bone resorption, along with an effort to reduce biological waste. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP) and dentine matrix protein-1 (DMP1) in the wound healing process in tooth-extraction sockets after applying a crab shell-derived hydroxyapatite scaffold. Methods: The subjects (28 Cavia cobaya) were divided into control and treatment groups. The control group was left untreated, while the treatment group received a hydroxyapatite scaffold of Portunus pelagicus shell in the tooth socket. The expression of BSP and DMP1 was determined by immunohistochemical staining on days 7 and 14. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s honest significance difference test were used to find the groups with the most significant difference. Results: The highest mean expression of BSP and DMP1 was in the day 14 treatment group, while the lowest was in the day 7 control group. Conclusion: Administering hydroxyapatite scaffold derived from the Portunus pelagicus shell to the post-extraction sockets increased the expression of both BSP and DMP1.

KARAKTERISASI KITOSAN KOMBINASI CANGKANG KERANG HIJAU (Perna viridis) DAN CANGKANG RAJUNGAN (Portunus pelagicus) ASAL BANTEN, INDONESIA

Green mussel shells (Perna viridis) and crab shells (Portunus pelagicus) have not been optimally utilized. It’s can be used as chitosan. Chitosan from green mussels has a low degree of deacetylation, so it needs to be combined with crab shells in its manufacture. The aims of this study were to characterize and determine the best combination of raw materials for making chitosan from green mussel shells and crab shells. The method in this study used a completely randomized design with triplicate. The treatment in this study was a combination of raw materials from green mussel shells and crab shells, which were 100:0; 75:25; 50:50% (w/w). The results of this study showed that the combination of green mussel shells and crab shells 50:50% (w/w) resulted the best characterization of chitosan with a yield 12.56%, water content 7.55%, ash content 1.59%, degree of deacetylation 73.96% and viscosity of 279 cP

Keepaway: for Stephen Bluestone

Keepawayfor Stephen Bluestone Sydney Lea (bio) The day was autumn-gray, with a flock of migrant starlings squalling above the schoolyard din. Meddlesome blasts of wind kept tipping my oversized baseball cap. I heard the older boys’ humbling laughter at my efforts to hold the hat on with one hand while stretching for the ball with the other. I still picture the ball’s every scuff and dent as it passed above, seeming to hang there, as if tethered to something unseen in that ashen sky. The faded blue of its rubber, a barely perceptible reddish ring around its girth—these remain clear to me even now. I simply couldn’t grab that ball, but at least it represented a tangible goal, unlike the nameless ones I would later crave. This all brings a not-entirely-rueful smile to my face: what if the ball had not escaped me, if by luck or cunning, I’d actually managed to grip it? Such longing, such paltry reward! But yes, I would have held it, known it. The ungraspable, ever-nameless adult goals were likely paltry too. Whatever they may have been, I recognized one day that my hunger for them had evaporated. Or had it been satisfied long before, and I’d suddenly and unconsciously awakened to that given? I look outdoors at the greening springtime field. There has always been so much available if I choose to see it, so much that I feel actual guilt at the sumptuousness all around me. [End Page 49] I consider that pair of mallards sculling on the pond, for one little instance. The drake’s green head rebounds the sun, and the hen’s blue primaries are a kindred if subtler marvel. I catch an oddly pleasant redolence of skunk cabbage, and through the trees, their leaves still small, I can make out splashes of gold from a sprawl of marsh marigolds. A phoebe is making her nest by the garden. She loudly announces her name from the crown of a flowering crab. [End Page 50] Sydney Lea A former Pulitzer finalist and winner of the Poets’ Prize, Sydney Lea served as founding editor of New England Review and was Vermont’s Poet Laureate from 2011 to 2015. He is the author of twenty-three books: a novel, five volumes of personal and three of critical essays, and fourteen poetry collections, most recently Here (Four Way Books, NYC, 2019). A fifteenth book of poems, What Shines?, is due in September. In 2021, he was presented with his home state of Vermont’s most prestigious artist’s distinction: the Governor’s Award for Excellence in the Arts. Copyright © 2023 River Teeth

Population Genetic Structure of the Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus) Along the Andaman Sea Coast of Thailand

The blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is a valuable commercial species. In Thailand, the consumption of the blue swimming crab is increasing. To construct an effective sustainable management plan, genetic information is required. Knowledge of natural stock genetic information can help policymakers design fishing and conservation management policies to maintain genetic diversity. In our study, we examined the genetic structure of the blue swimming crab population on the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. Partial sequences of the mitochondrial DNA control region (mtDNA CR) with a size of 369-371 base pairs were studied in 150 individuals collected from five sampling sites along Thailand's Andaman Sea coast. Seventy-one haplotypes were characterized by 127 polymorphic sites, indicating high haplotype diversity but low nucleotide diversity across five localities. The multiple tests of population genetic analysis showed a lack of genetic structure. The absence of genetic structure was possibly caused by a high level of gene flow due to the larval blue swimming crab's high dispersal ability. Demographic history findings indicate that the blue swimming crab population has expanded. The findings of our study can be used to guide the management of the blue swimming crab in this region of the Andaman Sea to conserve genetic diversity.

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Hydrolysate Chitooligosacharides in Crab Shell (Portunus Pelagicus) from Degradation of Chitosanase, α-Amylase, Lipase and Cellulase Enzymes

The crab shell (Portunus pelagicus) has many benefits, one of the benefits is the used in the manufacture of chitooligosaccharides. The crab shell was chosen because it contains 20- 30% chitin inside. Chitin can be processed into chitosan and then hydrolyzed into chitooligosaccharides using enzymes. This study aims to determine the type of enzyme that is effective in the process of hydrolyzing chitooligosaccharides with various enzymes are the α-amylase, lipase, cellulase, chitosanase and a combination of enzymes are chitosanase α-amylase, chitosanase lipase, and cellulase chitosanase. The observation data were analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that the best chitooligosaccharides obtained resulting from the hydrolysis of a combination of cellulase chitosanase enzymes which had the best characteristics, namely the highest degree of deacetylation of 94.95%, the lowest molecular weight of 3.54 KDa, the antioxidant activity of the DPPH method was 5.21 ( µmol TE/g), the FRAP antioxidant method was 2.27 (µmol TE/g), the diameter of the inhibition area (DDH) was 7.30 mm in Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and 15.9 mm in Salmonella typhosa bacteria. From these results, it can be known that this chitooligosaccharide is more effective in inhibiting the growth. The Gram-positive bacteria was compared to gram-negative bacteria.

Reveal The Growth Pattern and Condition Factors of Blue Swimming Crabs (Portunus pelagicus) in Estuary Ecosystem of Berombang, Labuhanbatu Regency, North Sumatera

The Blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus which comes from subphylum Crustacea, specifically the Portunidae family, is one of the potential crabs that have high economic value in Labuhanbatu regency. This study aimed to reveal information on condition factors and the population growth pattern of P. pelagicus in the ecosystem of the Berombang river estuary. This study was conducted from November 2021 to January 2022, using the purposive random sample method in determining the sampling points. In collecting the samples of P. pelagicus, the researchers used fish traps called bubu with fresh fish as bait. Results showed that the growth pattern of P. pelagicus was negatively allometric, in which values ​​for males and females were 1.1552 and 2.2727, respectively. Furthermore, the results of the correlation analysis between the physical-chemical of waters to abundance of P. pelagicus indicated that positive correlation for water temperature (0.835), dissolved oxygen (DO) (0.778), and salinity (0.726) had an effect on the presence of P. pelagicus.

The first description of the blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) transcriptome and immunological defense mechanism in response to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)

In the global shellfish farming industry, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a major cause of mortality and a significant factor in economic losses. However, information on molecular immune responses to WSSV in blue swimming crabs (Portunus pelagicus) has never been reported. First, viral loads were measured in the gills, hepatopancreas, intestines, subcuticular epithelium and hemocytes of blue swimming crabs (50 ± 10 g) (n = 4) after WSSV induction at 0, 24, 48 and 96 h post injection (hpi). A significant increase in WSSV particles was observed in gills at 48 and 96 hpi, as supported by histopathology. To further investigate the acute immune response to WSSV, total RNA from the same gill tissues at 0, 24, and 96 hpi was used to construct 16 high-quality RNA-seq cDNA libraries. In summary, 162,740 unigenes were discovered in these transcriptomic libraries analyzed with the GO, KO, KOG, NR, NT, PFAM and SwissProt databases. Intensive sequence analysis against control crabs using three major categories of gene oncology (GO) of DEGs, biological processes (BPs), molecular functions (MFs), and cellular components (CCs), indicated that induction of WSSV in blue swimming crabs strongly affected the immune responses of the target animals significantly during the early stages of infection from 24 to 96 hpi. Furthermore, KEGG identified approximately twenty biological pathways of gene expression that were both downregulated and upregulated. Interestingly, at 24 and 96 hpi, several immune-related genes involved in virus defense in the blue swimming crab, particularly crustin 2, chitinase, anti-lipopolysaccharide, proteinase inhibitor, and lysozyme, were highly expressed during the WSSV early infection stages. At the same time, viral mRNA transcripts, including WSV289, WSV343, WSV306, deoxyuridine 5’ triphosphate nucleohydrolase, RING finger containing E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase WSV403 and WSV404, were recorded in the top twenty upregulated genes. Moreover, some immune-responsive genes related to growth development, such as chitinase, tubulin alpha and beta chains, trypsin, and the cathepsin family, were also differentially expressed during these periods. Expression validation of 20 upregulated and 11 downregulated immune-related genes using qRT‒PCR showed similar patterns with transcriptome information. Overall, the data showed that during WSSV infection, a number of immune-, metabolism-, and growth-related pathways were activated, and several of the pathways involved differed depending on the stage of virus invasion. These findings could effectively help us better understand the impact of WSSV on the physiology of blue swimming crabs and serve as a valuable reference for future research on the immune system and disease control in this target species.

Diets of Portunus segnis (Forskål, 1775) (Decapoda, Portunidae) from the Persian Gulf, Iran

Abstract The food habits of the blue swimming crab, Portunus segnis (Forskål, 1775) were investigated using specimens collected from trawl catches in the north-east of the Persian Gulf, from June 2018 to May 2019. Feeding habits of 304 adult female crabs, ranging from 2.6 to 8.7 cm in carapace length, were analysed. The stomach content of examined crabs showed to consist of crustaceans, fish, molluscs, unidentifiable material, sea grass and foraminiferans. We realized that the vacuity index did not show significant differences between ovigerous and non-ovigerous females (). Nevertheless, there was a significant difference in the vacuity index between barnacle-carrying crabs — Chelonibia testudinaria — and crabs without barnacles (). There was no significant difference observed in the quantity of the eaten foods between large and medium-sized groups of crabs. But a significant difference was observed between large- and small-sized crabs, and small- and medium-sized crabs. Moreover, significant differences were observed in food items between barnacle-carrying crabs and crabs without barnacles. Also, the percentage of empty stomachs was higher in ovigerous females than in non-ovigerous females.

A novel anti-lipopolysaccharide factor from blue swimmer crab Portunus pelagicus and its cytotoxic effect on the prokaryotic expression host, E. coli on heterologous expression

BackgroundInvertebrates like crabs employ their own immune systems to fight against a number of invasive infections. Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) are an important class of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibiting binding and neutralizing activities against lipopolysaccharides. ResultsThis study identified and characterized a novel homolog of ALF (Pp-ALF) from the blue swimmer crab Portunus pelagicus. Pp-ALF has a 369bp open-reading frame encoding a protein with 123 amino acids. The deduced protein featured an LPS-binding domain and a signal peptide. The predicted tertiary structure of Pp-ALF contains three α helices packed against four β sheets. The deduced amino acid sequence of Pp-ALF had a net positive charge of +10.75 and an isoelectric point of 9.8. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Pp-ALF has a strong ancestral relationship with crab ALFs. ConclusionAntibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, and antibiofilm activities of Pp-ALF could be revealed by in silico prediction tools. Recombinant expression of Pp-ALF was unsuccessful in the Escherichia coli Rosetta-gami expression system due to the cytotoxic effect of the peptide to the host. The toxic effect of Pp-ALF to the host was displayed by membrane permeabilization and death of the host cells by fluorescent staining with Syto9-Propidium Iodide and CTC-DAPI- FITC.

Effects of the Combination of Treflan and Furazolidone as Therapeutants on Molting, Survival, and Growth Performance of Blue Swimming Crab Instar Portunus pelagicus

Effects of the Combination of Treflan and Furazolidone as Therapeutants on Molting, Survival, and Growth Performance of Blue Swimming Crab Instar Portunus pelagicus

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTED CHITOSAN-BASED SILVER NANOPARTICLES

In recent years, nanoparticles of noble metals such as silver have gained enormous attraction owing to their distinct physical, chemical, and biological properties. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from silver nitrate (AgNO3) using extracted chitosan as the reducing agent. The chitosan was extracted from the exoskeleton of the marine crab Portunus pelagicus. Three different sample solutions were prepared using 0.02mM AgNO3 in 0.5% (w/v) chitosan, 0.04 mM AgNO3 in 0.5% (w/v) chitosan, 0.06 mM AgNO3 in 0.5% (w/v) chitosan. Preliminary characterization of the formed silver nanoparticles was made based on the measurements of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The characteristic absorbance peak corresponding to silver nanoparticles was observed at 400nm. The average size of chitosan-based silver nanoparticles was in the range of 160-530nm. The synthesized nanoparticles were further tested for their antimicrobial activity. The synthesized chitosan-based silver nanoparticles exhibited effective antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli as well as Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum. Among the different concentrations of silver nitrate solutions, a maximum zone of inhibition against all the microbial cultures was observed with chitosan-based silver nanoparticles produced using 0.06mM silver nitrate solution. The synthesized nanoparticles were further incorporated in Cotton Gauze to evaluate its antibacterial activity. It showed higher bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli and thus proved to have the potential to be used as wound dressing material.

Histological description of specialized rootlets of the akentrogonid rhizocephalan Diplothylacus sinensis (Keppen, 1877) (Thompsoniidae) invading nervous ganglia of the blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus

Parasitic barnacles (Thecostraca: Rhizocephala) are among the most striking parasitic manipulators in the animal kingdom. “Kentrogonid” rhizocephalans significantly alter the physiology and behaviour of brachyuran crabs, while “akentrogonid” influence on hosts remains poorly studied. The specialised rootlets invading the nervous system that are presumably crucial for the host-parasite interplay were described in basal rhizocephalan families that display a kentrogonid life cycle. In this study, we present a histological description of such rootlets in the “akentrogonid” Diplothylacus sinensis (Keppen, 1877) (family Thompsoniidae) in the ventral nervous ganglia of the crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758). The morphology of these rootlets varies greatly in cuticle structure, gross organisation of the rootlet tissues and presence/absence of large vacuoles. It is assumed that rootlet modification appears during its development and successive growth from the penetration site into the ganglia's neuropil. The absence of the goblet-shaped organs in D. sinensis supports the hypothesis that these structures were secondarily lost in the crown lineages of the Rhizocephala.

The Financial analysis of the catching of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi

One of the important capture fisheries commodities in Southeast Sulawesi, especially small-scale fisheries, is blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) using traps. The catching is said to be successful if it gets the maximum profit for the business actor. The use of different types of bait in trap results in different catches. The purpose of this study was to analyze the financial aspects which include costs, income, profits, and the level of financial feasibility of catching crabs using different baits, namely peperek fish and anchovies. The method used in this study is a survey method, namely by reviewing, observing and collecting information data directly in the field. The results of the study indicated that the variable costs incurred annually have a greater amount than the fixed costs. The biggest revenue from the crab catching business was by using peperek fish bait, with the profits being able to cover the costs incurred. Crab fishing business using peperek fish is said to be feasible and profitable as seen from the value of NPV, IRR, and B/C Ratio with the return on capital in the category of medium return on capital. Meanwhile, by using anchovy bait, there is a loss, where the revenue obtained cannot cover the costs incurred.