Effect Of Blue Light Research Articles

Suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal-transition blue light therapy for reducing macrophage-mediated cancerous pulmonary fibrosis: An in-vitro study.

Lung cancer is the leading killer among all types of cancer globally. As a key factor, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in pathological fibrosis and lung cancer metastasis. This study endeavors to investigate the effect of blue light at specific wavelengths of 405 nm and 415 nm (54 J/cm2 ) on EMT induced by TGF-β1 in A549 cells. The results revealed that the blue light irradiation reduced the morphological characteristics of EMT in the A549 cells, and cell-to-cell connections were weakened significantly. Molecular analysis showed upregulation of epithelial marker E-cadherin and downregulation of EMT marker vimentin. Additionally, exposure to blue light irradiation at 405 nm and 415 nm significantly decelerated the ability of invasion and migration. Moreover, cell viability was also investigated. Based on these findings, blue light can serve as a useful therapeutic option for inhibiting EMT in cases of lung cancer and fibrotic lung disease.

Ecological benefits of artificial light at night (ALAN): Accelerating the development and metamorphosis of marine shellfish larvae

Urbanization has led to increasing use of artificial light at night (ALAN), which has rapidly become an important source of pollution in many cities. To identify the ALAN effects on the embryonic development of the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai, we first exposed larvae to natural light with a light period of 12 L:12D (control, Group CTR). We then exposed larvae to three different light regimes. Larvae in Group NL were exposed to full spectrum artificial light from 18:00 to 00:00 to simulate the lighting condition at night, whereas Groups BL and YL were illuminated at the same time interval with 450 nm of short-wavelength blue light and 560 nm of long-wavelength orange light, respectively, to simulate billboard lighting at night. There were significantly higher hatching success and metamorphosis rates of larvae in Group BL than in Group YL or CTR (P < 0.05). The larvae in Group YL had the highest abnormality rate and took the longest time to complete metamorphosis. Transcriptomic studies revealed significantly higher expression levels of genes related to RNA transport, DNA replication, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways in Group BL compared to the other groups. In the metabolomic analysis, we identified prostaglandin B1, tyramine, d-fructose 6-phosphate, L-adrenaline, leukotriene C4, and arachidonic acid as differential metabolic markers, as they play a vital part in helping larvae adapt to different ALAN conditions. Multi-omics correlation analysis of pairwise comparisons between all of the groups suggested that the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) and arachidonic acid metabolism pathways were significantly enriched (P < 0.05). Further quantitative analysis of the fatty acid (FA) contents revealed that 42 out of 50 FAs were down-regulated in Group BL and up-regulated in Group YL, which suggested that the synthesis, catabolism, and metabolism of FAs are crucial for the larval response to different spectral components of ALAN. For the first time, we report positive rather than negative effects of artificial blue light at night on the embryonic development of a benthic marine species. These results are significant for unbiased and full-scale assessment of the ecological effects of ALAN and for understanding the structural stability of the marine benthic community.

Edukasi Screen Time pada Anak di Masyarakat Kota Tasikmalaya

Changes in the behavior patterns of people who are accustomed to online activities can have positive and negative impacts on the body, especially children eyes. However, not many people know this. Therefore, community service activities are carried out which aim to provide education about screen time in book form. The book was made using the Canva application which contains material regarding the meaning of screen time, the working principles of screens and blue light, the positive and negative effects of blue light, rules for using devices, and recommendations for treatment for parents. Then counseling was carried out in the form of distribution of books and education to Orphanages, PAUD, Kindergartens and Elementary Schools in Tawang District, Tasikmalaya City. This activity can have a good impact on the community regarding the importance of limiting screen time to maintain eye and body health.

Effect of red light on epidermal proliferation and mitochondrial activity.

We previously demonstrated that irradiation with red light accelerates recovery of the epidermal water-impermeable barrier, whereas blue light delays it, and white and green light have no effect. Here, we aimed to examine in detail the effects of red and blue light in a human epidermal-equivalent model and in human skin. We used light-emitting diodes (red light, 630nm, 6.2mW/cm2 ; blue light, 463nm, 6.2mW/cm2 ) for irradiation of an epidermal-equivalent model and human skin. Cell proliferation was evaluated by means of BrdU and Ki-67 staining, and mitochondrial activity was quantified with an extracellular flux analyzer. Irradiation of the epidermal-equivalent model with red light for 2h (44.64 J/cm2 ) increased both epidermal proliferation in the basal layer and mitochondrial activity. Blue light had no effect on epidermal proliferation. Furthermore, irradiation with red light for 2h on three consecutive days increased epidermal proliferation in human skin tissue in culture. These results suggest that red light accelerates epidermal proliferation in both an epidermal-equivalent model and human skin, and may promote epidermal homeostasis.

The effect of sodium citrate on the photolytic reaction of catechin following the addition of aluminum chloride under alkaline conditions

Tea has an abundance of aluminum and catechins. As a food additive, citrate is often added to tea. An aluminum ionic species, including its amphoteric Al3+, can be either neutral or negatively charged and exist as intermediates simultaneously in weak alkaline solutions. This study is undertaken to investigate the photolytic processes of 290 mg/L catechin hydrate (CH) upon the addition of 133 mg/L AlCl3 (CHA) and CHA in the presence of 294 mg/L sodium citrate dihydrate (CHAS) to determine the structural changes in catechin and analyze its photoproducts after blue light irradiation at 20 W/m2 in H2O at pH 8 (BLIH) via high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a diode array detector and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS) system. The photolytic effect of blue light on sodium citrate was also determined. When CH is treated with BLIH, A-type and B-type proanthocyanidin dimers, AtPA and BtPA, respectively, are formed by a photochemically driven redox reaction. Relative percentages of the resultant catechin are 46.3, 98.1, and 46.9 for CH, CHA, and CHAS, respectively, after BLIH treatment, suggesting that the photolysis of catechin after BLIH is suppressed by AlCl3 and that sodium citrate restores the process of the catechin-aluminum system under BLIH in alkaline conditions. The addition of AlCl3 reduces the generation of proanthocyanidins during the photolysis of catechin after the dimeric molecule is disconnected by AlCl3, which acts as a catalyst after BLIH. However, under the same conditions, the addition of sodium citrate inhibits the catalytic capacity of AlCl3, and more proanthocyanidins are generated by the catechin-aluminum system under BLIH. Sodium citrate features an inherent reducing potential to maintain the photostability of the catechin-aluminum system and inhibits the catalysis of aluminum ions in alkaline conditions under BLIH.

Metabolic characteristics of self-pollinated wheat seed under red and blue light during early development.

Blue light has a greater effect on jasmonic acid and flavonoid accumulation in wheat seeds than red light; blue light reduces starch synthesis and the size of starch granules and seeds. This study sought to elucidate the effects of blue and red light on seed metabolism to provide important insights regarding the role of light quality in regulating seed growth and development. We used combined multi-omics analysis to investigate the impact of red and blue light (BL) on the induction of secondary metabolite accumulation in the hexaploid wheat Dianmai 3 after pollination. Flavonoids and alkaloids were the most differentially abundant metabolites detected under different treatments. Additionally, we used multi-omics and weighted correlation network analysis to screen multiple candidate genes associated with jasmonic acid (JA) and flavonoids. Expression regulatory networks were constructed based on RNA-sequencing data and their potential binding sites. The results revealed that BL had a greater effect on JA and flavonoid accumulation in wheat seeds than red light. Furthermore, BL reduced starch synthesis and stunted the size of starch granules and seeds. Collectively, these findings clarify the role of BL in the metabolic regulation of early seed development in wheat.

Regulating epileptiform discharges by heterogeneous interneurons in thalamocortical model.

Inhibitory interneurons in the cortex are abundant and have diverse roles, classified as parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SOM), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) according to chemically defined categories. Currently, their involvement with seizures has been partially uncovered in physiological terms. Here, we propose a corticothalamic model containing heterogeneous interneurons to study the effects of various interneurons on absence seizure dynamics by means of optogenetic stimulation. First, the important role of feedforward inhibition caused by SRN→PV→PN projections on seizures is verified. Then, we demonstrate that light activation targeting either PV or SOM INs can control seizures. Finally, with different inhibition contributions from PV INs and SOM INs, the possible disinhibitory effect of blue light acting on VIP INs is mainly discussed. The results suggest that depending on the inhibition degree of both types, the disinhibition brought about by the VIP INs will trigger seizures, will control seizures, and will not work or cause the PNs to tend toward a high saturation state with high excitability. The circuit mechanism and the related bifurcation characteristics in various cases are emphatically revealed. In the model presented, in addition to Hopf and saddle-node bifurcations, the system may also undergo period-doubling and torus bifurcations under stimulus action, with more complex dynamics. Our work may provide a theoretical basis for understanding and further exploring the role of heterogeneous interneurons, in particular, the VIP INs, a novel target, in absence seizures.

The Effects of Blue and Red Light on the Hill Reaction of isolated Chloroplasts, Photosynthesis and Saponin Accumulation in Fenugreek Leaves (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

Blue light (450 nm) and red light (660 nm) were two specific wavelengths that have essential roles in plant photosynthesis and signals to synthesize plant metabolisms. In the fenugreek plant (Trigonella foenum – graecum L.), various saponins were synthesized in leaves and were used in pharmaceuticals. This study focused on the effects of blue and red light alone or in combination with fluorescent light on isolated chloroplasts, photosynthesis activities and saponin accumulation of fenugreek leaves. The results showed that the blue light increased the Hill reaction, stomatal opening and the ratio of chlorophyll a and b (Chla/b). Otherwise, the red light promoted total chlorophyll content and increased saponin in Fenugreek leaves. In addition, the combination of blue, red and fluorescent light increased photosynthesis activities and maintained plant growth and increased saponin accumulation in Fenugreek leaves.

Photomorphogenesis and Photosynthetic Traits Changes in Rice Seedlings Responding to Red and Blue Light.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of red and blue lights on the photomorphogenesis and photosynthetic traits of rice seedlings. The rice seedlings were cultured with red light (R), blue light (B), combined red and blue lights (R3B1/R1B1/R1B3), and white light (CK) as the control. The combined application of red and blue lights could promote the growth of rice seedlings to varying degrees; enhance photosynthesis by increasing the seedling leaf area, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence; improve root characteristics by increasing root number, root volume, and root activity; and thus increase the dry matter accumulation of rice seedlings. In addition, the combination of red and blue lights could regulate the expression of genes related to photosynthesis in rice leaves, affect the activity of the Rubisco enzyme, and then affect the photosynthesis of rice seedlings. These results indicate that red and blue lights have direct synergistic effects, which can regulate the growth of rice seedlings and promote the morphogenesis of rice seedlings. The combined application of red and blue lights can be used to supplement the light in rice-factory seedling raising.

Effect of Light of Different Spectral Compositions on Pro/Antioxidant Status, Content of Some Pigments and Secondary Metabolites and Expression of Related Genes in Scots Pine.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of light quality (white fluorescent light, WFL, containing UV components), red light (RL, 660 nm), blue light (BL, 450 nm), and white LED light (WL, 450 + 580 nm) on the components of the cellular antioxidant system in Pinus sylvestris L. in needles, roots, and hypocotyls, focusing on the accumulation of key secondary metabolites and the expression of related genes. The qualitative and quantitative composition of carotenoids; the content of the main photosynthetic pigments, phenolic compounds, flavonoids (catechins, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins), ascorbate, and glutathione; the activity of the main antioxidant enzymes; the content of hydrogen peroxide; and the intensity of lipid peroxidation (MDA and 4-HNE contents) were determined. RL resulted in an increase in the content of hydrogen peroxide and 4-HNE, as well as the total fraction of flavonoids in the needles. It also enhanced the expression of several PR (pathogen-related) genes compared to BL and WL. WFL increased the content of phenols, including flavonoids, and enhanced the overall activity of low-molecular antioxidants in needles and hypocotyls. BL increased the content of ascorbate and glutathione, including reduced glutathione, in the needles and simultaneously decreased the activity of peroxidases. Thus, by modifying the light quality, it is possible to regulate the accumulation of secondary metabolites in pine roots and needles, thereby influencing their resistance to various biotic and abiotic stressors.

Blue light emitted from digital devices - impact on our sleep

Introduction: Today the use of digital devices is widespread in society. It has been observed increased frequency of sleep disorders occurring in the population in every age group. Scientists, concerned about the scale of the problem, have become interested in the effects of blue light emitted by the displays of digital devices, on sleep. Purpose of the work: The aim of the study is to answer the question whether a blue light emitted by digital devices affects sleep and to indicate the potential prevention of sleep disorders resulting from the use of digital devices. Materials and methods: A literature review was performed in the PubMed database using the keywords: blue light exposition; sleep quality; insomnia; light emitting diode; electronic device. Summary: Blue light emitted by various digital devices affects sleep by shortening and deteriorating the quality of sleep, falling asleep later, exacerbating feelings of sleep deprivation and increasing feelings of fatigue. Scientists have identified a couple of possible mechanisms to explain this phenomenon. There is a method that allows to reduce the negative effects of using various electronic equipment, without having to limit the length or set a rigid time frame for their use. Due to the increasing problem of sleep disorders and new habits among the society, scientists point out the need to monitor the discovered impact of blue light on sleep.

1532-P: A Novel Light-Responsive Adipose–Hypothalamus Axis in Metabolic Regulation

Light plays an essential role in life. Animals and humans possess light-sensing photoreceptors in visual and non-visual organs. We and others recently showed a non-visual role for Opsin3 (Opn3) in regulating adipose function. In this study, we discovered that direct blue light exposure to subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) could reduce lipids accumulation in WAT and improve high-fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities in an Opn3-dependent manner. Adipose tissue is an orchestrated matrix comprising high innervation that can engage in crosstalk with other organs. Particularly, it communicates with the brain via the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Using the metabolomic approach, we found that blue light increased circulating levels of histidine, which then triggered the activation of histaminergic neurons in the hypothalamus and turned on brown adipose tissue via SNS. The administration of histidine decarboxylase antagonist blunted the effects of blue light. Taken together, these data demonstrate a novel light-responsive adipose-hypothalamus axis in metabolic regulation and provide a potential light-based therapeutic approach for obesity. Disclosure T.Tsuji: None. T.Huang: None. Y.Zhang: None. M.Lynes: None. G.Profeta: None. N.Narain: None. M.Kiebish: None. Y.Tseng: Consultant; Cellarity, LyGenesis. Funding American Heart Association (903968)

Controllable synthesis of blue-emitting CsPbBr3 nanoplates via a SnBr2-mediated solvothermal reaction method

Blue-emitting CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs) have potential applications in white light illumination and full-color luminescent displays. However, current methods for synthesizing blue-emitting CsPbX3 NCs face challenges in poor controllability, low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs), and the harmful effects of short-wavelength blue light. In this work, we report on a SnBr2-mediated solvothermal method for the controllable synthesis of blue-emitting CsPbBr3 nanoplates (NPLs) that exhibit high optical purity within the harmless blue light range. The pioneering use of SnBr2 as a mediator in solvothermal reactions plays a crucial role in the controllable synthesis process. By increasing the amount of SnBr2, the as-prepared products gradually transform from CsPbBr3 NCs to mixed CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 NCs, and finally to CsPbBr3 NPLs. By further adjusting the solvothermal reaction conditions, CsPbBr3 NPLs with controlled thickness (2.34–3.53 nm), regulated blue-light emission (459.4–466.6 nm) and a high PLQY up to 63.17% can be obtained. This study provides a feasible method for the controllable synthesis of perovskite NPLs and opens up new possibilities for the application of perovskite blue light-emitting devices.

Effect of blue light on the cell viability of A549 lung cancer cells and investigations into its possible mechanism.

Blue light has attracted extensive attention as a new potential cancer therapy. Recent studies have indicated that blue light has a significant inhibition effect on A459 cells. However, the effect of light parameters on the treatment of A549 cells and the mechanism of how blue light made the effect was still unclear. This study aimed to investigate A549 cells responses to blue light with varying irradiance and dose-dense, and tried to find out the mechanism of the effects blue light made. The results suggested that the responses of A549 cells to blue light with different irradiance and dose-dense were different and the decrease of cell viability reached saturation when the irradiance reached 3 mW/cm2 and the dose-dense reached 3.6 J/cm2 . It was assumed that blue light suppressed PI3K/AKT pathway and promoted the expression of JNK and p53 to affect the proliferation of A549 cells.

0311 Partial blue light blocking glasses advanced sleep phase but did not alter salivary melatonin secretion in Japanese schoolchildren

Abstract Introduction A late bedtime is one of the most common characteristics of sleep habits in modern society. This is also the case for schoolchildren, with negative consequences for their academic performance. Light exposure at night, particularly blue wavelength light, was thought to delay bedtime, and melatonin suppression via blue light was considered to be one of the mechanisms responsible for the delayed sleep phase. Methods In the current study, we evaluated the effects of partial blue light blocking glasses (JINS Screen Lens Heavy [40%cut]) on salivary melatonin levels, sleep and circadian phase and daytime behavior (via actigraphs and questionnaires), with and without blue light blocking (JINS Standard Clean Lens) glasses in 39 male school children (ages between 10-12). The study design was a cross over design, with respective glasses worn for 3 hours before the habitual bedtime for two weeks, with a one-week washout period (with their own regular glasses) in between sessions. Saliva collections and questionnaires were performed during the first and second weeks of each session, with saliva collected -3, -2, -1, and 0 hours before the habitual bedtime. Actigraph data were collected throughout the evaluation periods. Results We found that while partial blue light blocking glasses had no effect on salivary melatonin levels, they did significantly advance the sleep phase compared to the non-filter session (bedtime: 22.03±0.08h vs. 22.1±0.1h, sleep onset: 22.26±0.08h vs. 22.36±0.10h, p= 0.04). The filter effects were most noticeable in the second week, where significant advances in bedtime (-0.12h, p=0.03), sleep onset (-0.14h, p=0.03), wake up time (-0.13h, p=0.02), and leaving-bed time (-0.14h, p=0.02) from the 1st week were observed, whereas no changes were seen during the control session (without filter). Along with the sleep phase advancement observed, daytime irritability and acting out towards siblings and friends were significantly reduced in the second week of the filter session. Conclusion Our results suggest that partial blue light blocking glasses advanced the sleep phase and improved behavior in schoolchildren, but that the effects were not mediated by changes in melatonin secretion. Further research into the mechanisms involved is warranted. Support (if any) This study was supported by Jins Holdings Inc (SPO236998).

Content, Readability, and Accountability of Online Health Information for Patients Regarding Blue Light and Impact on Ocular Health.

Objective To evaluate the quality and readability of online health content regarding the ocular health effects of blue light. Methods Five commercial and five non-commercial websites with content regarding the ocular effect of blue light were examined. Quality evaluations were conducted using a 14-question assessment composed by the authors and the 16-question DISCERN instrument. Website accountability was evaluated via the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks. Readability was determined using an online tool (Readable). Correlational and comparative analyses were conducted where appropriate. Results The average questionnaire score was 84 (standard deviation [SD] ± 17.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 77.32-90.68) out of 136 points (61.8%). Significant differences in quality were identified between websites (p = 0.02), with Healthline achieving the highest score. Compared to commercial websites, non-commercial websites trended toward having significantly higher median questionnaire scores (p = 0.06). Zero websites achieved all four JAMA benchmarks. The average reading grade level of content was 10.43 (SD ± 1.15, 95% CI 9.60 - 11.25), with differences between websites trending toward significance (p = 0.09). There was no correlation between resource readability and quality (ρ = 0.28; p = 0.43) or accountability (ρ = 0.47; p = 0.17). Conclusions There remain substantial deficiencies in the quality, accountability, and readability of online content concerning the effect of blue light on ocular health. Clinicians and patients must recognize such issues when recommending and consuming these resources.

Physiological Study of Visual and Non-Visual Effects of Light Exposure

Light simultaneously induces visual and non-visual effects. Although the differences in the spectral sensitivity of intrinsic photosensitive retinal ganglion cells induce opposing influences on physiological responses, it is difficult to independently measure only non-visual effects. Therefore, the reported effects of light color on physiological responses are inconsistent. This study aimed to clarify the visual and non-visual effects of light color on physiological responses. Three different conditions were employed to construct a lighting environment in which light colors were difficult to perceive due to chromatic adaptation and change blindness: constant white light (baseline condition), a gradual transition from white to blue light, and a gradual transition from white to red light. The physiological responses (brain activity, heart rate variability, and electrodermal activity) of 21 participants were measured with and without light color perception. The results suggested that blue light causes more non-visual effects compared to red light as blue light induces brain activation in some regions of the PFC (p &lt; 0.05) and increases sweating, although the differences were not statistically significant. A mean comparison suggested that the visual effects of blue light showed tendencies toward a calming role for the prefrontal cortex and inhibition of sweating, but the differences were not statistically significant. Another mean comparison suggested that the visual effects of red light tended to enhance sweating, but the differences were not statistically significant. Visual and non-visual effects did not cause significant differences in heart rate variability. Additionally, a mean comparison did not reveal any significant tendencies.

Effects of Blue Light on the Skin

In recent years, the research on blue light has gradually become more sophisticated. It is found that blue light causes great damage not only to the retina but also to our skin so protection against blue light has become the focus of public attention. This paper mainly reviews the effects of blue light on human skin, mainly including the performance and mechanism of blue light on the skin, and the application of anti-blue light technology in cosmetic research and development.

Blue light and skin: what is the intriguing link?

Blue light has garnered attention because of its ability to penetrate more deeply into the skin layers, and induce cellular dysfunction and DNA damage. Photoageing, hyperpigmentation and melasma are some of the cutaneous changes that develop on exposure to blue light. To date, the therapeutic roles of blue light have been evaluated in dermatological conditions like psoriasis, eczema, acne vulgaris, actinic keratosis and cutaneous malignancies, among others. In this review, we have attempted to present an evidence-based compilation of the effects of blue light on the skin.

Metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the molecular mechanism by which blue light promotes lutein synthesis in strawberry

Carotenoids are an important component of the human diet, and fruit is a primary source of carotenoids. The synthesis and regulation of carotenoids in fruit are important contributors to the formation of fruit quality. In China, strawberry is one of the main seasonal fruits grown in the winter. Previous studies have shown that light has a significant effect on the metabolism of anthocyanins, sugars, and polyphenols in strawberry. However, the understanding of the role of light in regulating the metabolism of carotenoids in strawberry remains limited. This study investigated the effects of blue, red, yellow-green, and white light on carotenoid metabolism in strawberry. Blue light treatment promoted the synthesis of multiple carotenoids, including lutein, compared with the other three treatment groups. The RNA sequencing data revealed that blue light treatment promoted the expression of lycopene ε-cyclase (LCYE), and the transient overexpression of LCYE in strawberry fruit promoted lutein accumulation in strawberry. Overall, the results suggest that blue light can promote the synthesis of lutein in strawberry by inducing the expression of LCYE.