Blue Dye Research Articles

Tunable dye adsorbing materials from crab and shrimp waste shells for water remediation

Crab and shrimp shells are waste byproducts from shellfish farming and processing. In this study, we demonstrated that it is possible to obtain individual shell components either separately or in combinations. These diverse materials were composed of calcium carbonate and organic molecules inter- and intra-mineral, calcium carbonate and organic molecules intra-mineral, organic molecules such as chitin and proteins, only calcium carbonate, and only chitin. These substrates were tested for the adsorption of Methylene Blue and Eosin dyes. The goal is to demonstrate that the organic dye adsorption capacity can be modified by controlling the degree of deconstruction of the starting material. The best adsorption for the positively charged Methylene Blue was achieved on the chitin-calcium carbonate substrates, while the negatively charged Eosin adsorbed best on the chitin substrate. In conclusion, this research demonstrates that it is possible to obtain different materials by deconstructing the shells from crabs and shrimps at various levels reducing the generation of additional wastes. Moreover, these materials exhibit features that are related to the original material and possess new properties that can be also exploited in other fields like material sciences.

Starch/chitosan nanoparticles bionanocomposite membranes for methylene blue dye removal

This research aims to develop relatively new membranes from starch biopolymer incorporated with different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20% w/w of solid starch) of chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) that can be used for water treatment. The membranes were fabricated using the solvent casting method while the CNP was produced using the ionic gelation method. The membranes were characterized in terms of morphology, porosity, water vapor permeability (WVP), and water contact angle. The application of the membranes to treat water was demonstrated on methylene blue solution because methylene blue is a commonly used dye in many industries. It was found that the starch/10% CNP membrane was the optimum membrane for methylene blue dye treatment because the membrane exhibits a smooth surface, high WVP (1.67 × 10−10 g Pa−1 h−1 m−1), high porosity (59.92%), low water contact angle value (44.8°), and resulted in the highest percentage removal of methylene blue (94.0%) after the filtration. After filtration, the starch/10% CNP membrane was still in good condition without breakage. In conclusion, the starch/CNP membranes produced in this study are promising for sustainable and environmentally friendly water treatment, especially for water containing methylene blue dye. This research aligns with current thematic trends in bionanohybrid composite materials utilization, offering innovative solutions for addressing water pollution challenges.

Exploring Potential Applications of α and β Polymorphs of Bi2O3 Nanoparticles

AbstractIn this investigation, we successfully synthesized bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) via simple combustion method using Artocarpous heterophyllus (Jackfruit) extract as fuel. Both α and β polymorphs of bismuth oxide NPs was prepared using same Artocarpous heterophyllus fuel but there is a variation in the addition of fuel in the range of 1 mL–6 mL. The prepared NPs were characterized by utilizing spectroscopic techniques. The photocatalytic efficiencies were found to be 84 %, 93 % for both α, β forms respectively. Methylene blue dye exhibits effective degradation for β‐phase compared to α‐phase. Furthermore, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and sensing (CV) activities were performed. The bismuth oxide modified electrodes exhibits better sensing activity towards dopamine, ascorbic acid, lead nitrate, and results obtained from EIS data revealed the super capacitor characteristics of Bi2O3 nanoparticles. This extensive investigation assessed the effectiveness of Aspergillus Niger‐fighting drugs, as well as the antibacterial effects of synthesized nanoparticles on Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli. Measurements of optical density were used to establish the MIC values for antifungals. The protein 4XUY has a strong binding affinity of −6.4 Kcal/mol, with four important hydrogen bond interactions (LYS51, HIS84, ASN131, and GLU238) revealed by molecular docking research. These results expand our knowledge of the therapeutic uses of bismuth oxide nanoparticles by highlighting their potential as effective antibacterial agents and by providing insightful information about how they work against pathogenic microorganisms.

A recyclable and durable magnetic cobalt nanoparticle-embedded mesoporous graphene nanohybrid for removal of pollutants from aqueous media

Cobalt nanoparticles (Co NPs) embedded in mesoporous graphene (MG) were prepared via a hydrothermal reaction followed by carbothermal reduction in an argon atmosphere. This cobalt nanoparticle-embedded mesoporous graphene (CoMG) was systematically investigated for structural, morphological, and magnetic properties before and after 10 successive cycles of adsorption and regeneration, using methylene blue (MB) dye as a model pollutant. The CoMG nanohybrid has a superior specific surface area of 807 m2 g−1, with a significant mesopore volume of 1.63 cm3 g−1 that allows fast and high pollutant removal efficiency of ∼84 % within 30 min as well as the maximum adsorption capacity of 178.6 mg g−1 with MB solution of 100 mg L−1, which is well described with pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics. The consecutive adsorption−regeneration experiments revealed that the CoMG nanohybrid retained more than half of the initial dye removal efficiency even after being reused 10 times. After the tenth cycle, the regenerated CoMG maintained a high specific area of 688 m2 g−1 and a large mesopore volume of 1.51 cm3 g−1, indicating the long-lasting porous structure of the CoMG nanohybrid. The metallic cobalt phase and ferromagnetic nature of the Co NPs in the nanohybrid are retained because of the host MG, which prevents nanoparticle aggregation and serves as a protective environment for the embedded Co NPs in aqueous media during the adsorption−regeneration cycle tests of the adsorbent. The experimental results demonstrate that the CoMG nanohybrid has superior pollutant removal capacity and maintains more than half of the initial efficiency even after 10 cycles of use, making it a cost-efficient and energy-saving material for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous media and in other environmental applications.

In Situ Formed Organic Ion-Associate Liquid-Phase Microextraction without Centrifugation from Aqueous Solutions Using Thymol Blue and Estrogens

In this study, we present a method for ion-associated liquid phase (IALP) separation and concentration of analytes from an aqueous matrix into an IALP formed in situ by the charge neutralization reaction of organic cations and anions, without centrifugation. The effects of various factors on the extraction efficiency and other parameters are investigated, whereas no instrumental stirring, such as vortexing or ultrasonics, is required because the solvent (IALP) is formed in situ. The organic cation and anion used are ethylhexyloxypropylammonium and dodecyl sulfate, respectively. The developed in situ IALP microextraction method for phase separation without centrifugation is tested using the thymol blue dye and several endocrine disruptors. The tested endocrine disruptors (bisphenol A, 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and estrone) are analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence detection, with respective detection limits of 0.02, 0.02, 0.02, and 0.4 μg L−1, and the corresponding enrichment factor ranging from 47 to 71. This IALP microextraction method can be used to separate and concentrate environmental water samples of different matrices. The employed IALP is fast and easy to use, enables an approximately 100-fold analyte concentration, and has a high affinity for estrogens, thus holding promise for the separation, concentration, and quantitation of diverse trace analytes.

Optical investigation of MAGAT polymer gel dosimeter embedded with methylene blue dye and zinc oxide nanoparticles using UV/Vis spectrometry pre- and post-irradiation of 6MV photon beam

Optical investigation of MAGAT polymer gel dosimeter embedded with methylene blue dye and zinc oxide nanoparticles using UV/Vis spectrometry pre- and post-irradiation of 6MV photon beam

Banana leaves powder as an effective, low-cost adsorbent for methyl blue dye removal: kinetics, isothermal, thermodynamics, ANN and DFT analysis

Banana leaves powder as an effective, low-cost adsorbent for methyl blue dye removal: kinetics, isothermal, thermodynamics, ANN and DFT analysis

Nanoflower-like cerium-doped ZnO photocatalyst deposited by spray pyrolysis for the degradation of methylene blue dye

In this study, the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye and photocatalytic activities of pure ZnO and ZnO:Ce (2%, 4%, 6%, %8) films deposited with USP, an economical technique, were examined. The effect of Ce-doping on the optical, structural, surface and photocatalytic properties of the films was investigated using XRD, UV–Visible spectrophotometry, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), photoluminescence spectrometry, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning microscope (FESEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). In the morphology analyzes of the films, a chrysanthemum-like nanoflower structure was observed as a result of Ce-doping. Photoluminescence spectra were taken in order to determine the trap levels formed in the structure of ZnO:Ce films to be used in photocatalytic applications. Consequently, the photocatalytic properties of ZnO:Ce films were found to vary significantly depending on the surface morphology of the photocatalyst and surface defects (zinc interstitial, oxygen vacancies).

High Photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue and enhancing the Magnetization, AC conductivity of Dy3+ and Ce3+ doped CdCoFe2O4 nano ferrites

Photocatalysts that combine with dielectric and magnetic properties are vital because of a wide variety of applications for these combinations, and nanostructured magnetic semiconductive materials have attracted significant interest due to their potential applications. A series of Cd0.4Co0.6DyXCeXFe2-2XO4 spinel nano ferrites (nFs) were synthesized by using a highly efficient low-temperature method of citrate sol-gel auto-combustion for Methylene Blue (MB) dye degradation photocatalysts under visible light irradiation that combines with dielectric and magnetic properties are vital because of a wide variety of applications for these combinations, and nanostructured magnetic semiconductive materials have attracted significant interest due to their potential applications. The recycled MB is one of the hazardous textile dyes that is used extensively but causes risks for both humans and the environment. The prepared Dy3+ and Ce3+ doped Cd-Co nFs were polycrystalline with cubic structure, and crystalline size was increased from 15.78 to 21.02 nm with higher crystallinity, and the surface morphology changes from a spherical shape to a hexagonal shape with higher doping concentrations. The direct optical band gap values are increased. FTIR spectra reveal the stretching vibrations along the [M↔O] bond tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites. HRTEM results revealed that the prepared Cd-Co nFs have higher crystalline nature and high porosity. VSM indicates the sample's soft magnetic action and M-H hysteresis loops showed the highest saturation magnetization (Ms) is 12.243 emu/g, and retentivity increases around 6.038 emu/g, decreasing the dielectric tangent loss, dielectric constant and dielectric loss. The AC conductivity raised with applied frequency. The PL gives a blue emission, and photocatalytic has the highest degradation activity 40.93 % of MB would be successful after 120 min irradiation of X= 0.07 Dy3+ and Ce3+ doped Cd-Co nFs.

Biomass derived carbon dots for enhanced wastewater remediation: ANN-optimized synthesis and cellular imaging applications

Water pollution is a significant problem in today’s modern world, with dye molecules being the most challenging pollutants to eliminate. Carbon dots (CDs) have demonstrated high efficacy in water and wastewater treatment. This research aimed to develop CDs using banana peel as a carbon precursor through a facile hydrothermal method. These CDs were utilized to eliminate methylene blue (MB) dye. The CDs exhibited blue fluorescence with an improved quantum yield (QY) of up to 19 %. They showed an adsorption efficiency of 71.942 mg g−1, with maximum adsorption occurring within a pH range from 2 to 10. The adsorption kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherm models. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. Moreover, the CDs demonstrated excellent re-usability potential over five successive cycles of adsorption. Additionally, a prediction study was performed using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to forecast the adsorption of dye by CDs. The CDs were further investigated for cytotoxic properties and cellular internalization in breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The findings indicated that cellular viability significantly decreased with increasing dosage, reaching 50 % (IC50) at a concentration of 128 μg mL−1. Successful internalization of CDs by cancer cells with blue emission suggests their potential in biomedical applications. Thus, the synthesized nanomaterial is highly promising for both bio-sensing applications and wastewater treatment.

Synthesis of cerium-doped zinc oxide nanomaterials by precursor method with improved photodegradation activity for Methylene blue and Red CL-5B dye

Synthesis of cerium-doped zinc oxide nanomaterials by precursor method with improved photodegradation activity for Methylene blue and Red CL-5B dye

Strontium and manganese co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles for the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye

Strontium and manganese co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles for the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye

Hybrid rGO/Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposite for anionic and cationic dye removal application

The adsorption removal of anionic and cationic azo dyes with magnetic nanoparticles was an important technological strategy for the purification of dye-contaminated water. The present work highlights the dye adsorption properties of the solvothermally synthesized hybrid reduced graphene oxide‑iron oxide (rGO/Fe3O4) nanocomposite for the efficient adsorption of methyl orange, congo red, metanil yellow, and methylene blue from the aqueous medium. Morphology, and porous characteristics of the material was analysed with FESEM and BET respectively. The magnetic properties of the material viz. M-H, FC, and ZFC were investigated with SQUID-VSM. The BET analysis confirmed the mesoporous structure of the hybrid rGO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite, with a BET-specific surface area of 27.74 m2/g. Dye adsorption experiments of hybrid rGO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite were conducted to analyse the influence of adsorbent dosage, dye concentrations, and pH variations. FTIR spectroscopy was also used to verify the adsorption of azo dyes onto the surface of the rGO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite. Hybrid rGO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite show complete adsorption of methyl orange, congo red, metanil yellow, and methylene blue dyes with adsorption capacities of 58.76, 100.3, 533, and 50 mg/g, respectively in the water medium. Hybrid rGO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite showed excellent adsorption of metanil yellow dye. The adsorbed azo dyes methyl orange, metanil yellow, methylene blue, and congo red by the rGO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite can be easily desorbs from the material indicating its reusability. The magnetic coercivity of the material at 300K was 47.4 Oe, as a result the adsorbent material can be magnetically separated from the purification system. The adsorption process of methyl orange, congo red, metanil yellow, and methylene blue dyes on the rGO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite best fits to the pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model.

Lumbar Intrathecal Injection in Adult and Neonatal Mice.

This article describes a step-by-step process of lumbar intrathecal injection of Evans blue dye and AAV9-EGFP in adult (2-month-old) and neonatal (postnatal day 10) mice. Intrathecal injection is a clinically translatable technique that has already been extensively applied in humans. In mice, intrathecal injection is considered a challenging procedure that requires a trained and experienced researcher. For both adult and neonatal mice, lumbar intrathecal injection is directed into the L5-L6 intervertebral space. Intrathecally injected material enters the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the intrathecal space from where it can directly access the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma. Simultaneously, intrathecally injected material exits the CSF with pressure gradient and enters the endoneurial fluid and ultimately the peripheral nerves. While in the CSF, the injectable material also enters the bloodstream and systemic circulation through the arachnoid villi. A successful lumbar intrathecal injection results in adequate biodistribution of the injectable material in the CNS, PNS, and peripheral organs. When correctly applied, this technique is considered as minimally invasive and non-disruptive and can be used for the lumbar delivery of any solute. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: C57BL/6 adult and P10 mice lumbar intrathecal injection Basic Protocol 2: Tissue collection and preparation for evaluating Evans blue dye diffusion Basic Protocol 3: Tissue collection and preparation for immunohistochemistry staining Basic Protocol 4: Tissue collection and vector genome copy number analysis.

Protection of blood-brain barrier by endothelial DAPK1 deletion after stroke

Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) 1 is a critical mediator for neuronal cell death in cerebral ischemia, but its role in blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is incompletely understood. Here, we found that endothelial-specific deletion of Dapk1 using Tie2 Cre protected the brain of Dapk1fl/fl mice against middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), characterized by mitigated Evans blue dye (EBD) extravasation, reduced infarct size and improved behavior. In vitro experiments also indicated that DAPK1 deletion inhibited oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced tight junction alteration between cerebral endothelial cells (CECs). Mechanistically, we revealed that DAPK1-DAPK3 interaction activated cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) in OGD-stimulated CECs. Our results thus suggest that inhibition of endothelial DAPK1 specifically prevents BBB damage after stroke.

Enhanced photocatalytic activity in AgCu-decorated ZnO nanoparticles under UV and sunlight

This study investigates the structural, morphological, and photocatalytic properties of monometallic (Ag and Cu) and bimetallic (AgCu) nanoparticles (NPs) incorporated into ZnO NPs and their photocatalytic performance. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement were employed to analyze the structural characteristics, revealing the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO and cubic phases of Ag and Cu within the metal-decorated NPs. Scanning electron microscopy provided visual evidence of the spherical morphology, with an average particle size of 50 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the successful deposition of Ag, Cu, and AgCu NPs onto the ZnO surface. The photocatalytic efficiency of the NPs was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue dye under UV light at a wavelength of 254 nm under sunlight irradiation. Under UV light, the bimetallic AgCu/ZnO system exhibited exceptional performance, achieving a degradation rate of about 95% with 10% AgCu/ZnO. Conversely, under sunlight illumination, the monometallic Cu/ZnO and Ag/ZnO NPs exhibited outstanding photocatalytic properties, with degradation rates of about 99 and 98%, respectively. These findings underscore the influence of the light source on photocatalytic performance as well as the significance of the plasmonic effects and charge-transfer mechanisms.

A Comparative Study on the Degradation of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange Dyes Under the Irradiation of Visible Light Using GO–CdO Nanocomposites

Cadmium oxide nanoparticles synthesized from alcoholic method using cadmium chloride monohydride and the composites with GO by simple dispersion method. Two nanocomposites with 5 Wt% and 10 Wt% loading of CdO over GO were prepared and named as GC1 and GC2 respectively. From XRD the CdO nanoparticles were of crystalline nature and were indexed to JCPDS card no: 05-0640 corresponding to Cubic lattice system. The particle like morphology of the CdO was confirmed by SEM and TEM. The decoration of monolayer GO sheets by CdO nanoparticles was unveiled through these studies. The Raman analysis reveals the presence of D and G peaks in the composites with an increased ID/IG ratio. UV-Vis study displays the absorption edge of CdO and a redshift is observed for GC2. From PL study, emission peak occurs at 358 nm for composites along with a quenching of intensity for GC2. The TG-DT analysis reveals the thermal stability of pristine and nanocomposites. Photocatalytic degradation of the as synthesized samples was studied for Methylene orange and Methylene blue dye using a Xenon lamp with 500 W. The degradation of the GC2 happens in 90 minutes with degradation efficiency 73% of was achieved for Methyl Orange dye. For Methylene blue the GC2 sample degrades only in 30 minutes with an efficiency of 94% was achieved.

A Novel Coal-Associated Soil as an Effective Adsorbent for Reactive Blue Dye Removal

The project aims to remove reactive blue dye from the effluent of textile industries by utilizing coal-associated soil as an adsorbent, as it possesses effective physical properties and distinguishing characteristics. In comparison to other separation techniques, the adsorption method is the most effective, cost-effective, and straightforward. A batch adsorption investigation was carried out to examine the various adsorption-influencing factors, including solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature, and dye concentration. Contact time of 30 min, an adsorbent dosage of 10g.100 mL-1, a solution pH of 7, a temperature of 30°C, and an initial dye concentration of 100 mg.L-1 were found to be optimal for dye adsorption. Using two distinct kinetic models, the evaluation of kinetic studies revealed that the pseudo-second-order provided the greatest fit, with a higher R2 value than the pseudo-first-order. The thermodynamic parameters Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), entropy (ΔS°), and enthalpy (ΔH°) indicated that the current adsorption system was exothermic and spontaneous. Further study of the adsorption isotherm revealed that the Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit, with an R2 value of 0.977%.

Fabrication of low cost thermoresponsive microgel@CuO catalyst for rapid reduction of methylene blue dye

Fabrication of low cost thermoresponsive microgel@CuO catalyst for rapid reduction of methylene blue dye

Photoelectrode FTO/ Anodized TiO2 Production and Characterization for Methylene Blue Affected Photoelectrochemical Decomposition

Background: The production of thin film TiO2 nanostructured systems for electrocatalytic, photocatalytic, and photoelectrocatalytic applications has been an essential topic in recent years. Due to the light-sensitive effect of TiO2, it can be produced by various methods and used as a photoelectrode to remove dye. Using magnetron sputtering, Ti thin films can be deposited on different substrates and converted into transparent TiO2 structures by electrochemical anodization. Methods: In this study, the thin Ti film was produced using a magnetic spraying technique on the FTO substrate, and then an anodic TiO2 structure was obtained by the anodization technique. TiO2 films produced by the anodizing technique were used as a photoelectrode for the degradation of MB. The reactor contained 400 mL of 20 mg/L MB solution at 20 °C. The produced photoelectrode was characterized by the SEM/EDS, FTIR, XRD, and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer analyses. Results: The EDS analysis confirmed the presence of titanium and oxygen in the FTO/ Anodized TiO2 photoelectrode. The XRD results showed that all the peaks of the produced FTO/ Anodic TiO2 were associated with the anatase phase of TiO2. According to the FTIR spectroscopy, the functional groups of the anodized TiO2 were obtained for the FTO/ Anodized TiO2. The electrocatalytic, photocatalytic, and photoelectrocatalytic degradation experiments were performed with the degradation of the dye solution of MB on the FTO/ Anodic TiO2 photoelectrode, and the rates of dye degradation were determined as 17.12%, 64.67%, and 82.12%, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the methylene blue dye of FTO/ Anodic TiO2 is a suitable photoelectrode for electrocatalytic, photocatalytic, and photoelectrocatalytic degradation.