Blue Clusters Research Articles

Bibliometric Analysis of the Effects of Prolonged Preoperative Fasting on Patients

ABSTRACT Preoperative fasting is a common practice in the surgical field, which aims to minimize complications and ensure patient safety. Understanding its impact and optimizing protocols are essential in clinical practice. This study analyzed the bibliometric and network overview of publications on the effects of extended preoperative fasting on patients, using VOSViewer. This bibliometric analysis explores the research landscape on the effects of extended preoperative fasting duration on patients. Using VOSViewer, this study identified key contributors and clusters in the literature, highlighting significant research gaps. Bibliometric methods were used to analyze publications regarding the effects of extended preoperative fasting. Using VOSViewer, this study identified key contributors and groups in the literature, which highlighted significant research gaps. Bibliometric methods were used to analyze publications regarding the effects of extended preoperative fasting. Data were aggregated and visualized using VOSViewer to map the publication network and identify thematic clusters. China and the UK emerged as the main contributors with 7 articles each, followed by Brazil and India. Three main clusters were identified: a red cluster focusing on fasting duration, side effects, dehydration risk, and intraoperative management; a blue cluster exploring the effects of fasting on surgical outcomes, hunger, and procedural aspects; and a green cluster addressing guideline development, elective surgery, and preoperative preparation. These findings underscore the importance of extended preoperative fasting in clinical practice and highlight significant research opportunities. Future research could focus on personalized fasting protocols, long-term effects, psychological impact, and innovative monitoring technologies to improve the quality of patient care. Keywords: Preoperative Fasting, Effects Of Prolonged Fasting, Bibliometric Analysis, Vosviewer, Surgical Outcomes, Patient Care

Bibliometric Analysis of Adaptive Behavior Research: Advancing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Children with Disabilities

Introduction: Adaptive behavior refers to the collection of skills and behaviors that individuals use to function independently in their daily lives, it encompasses the ability to meet personal needs and deal with the natural and social demands of one's environment. This includes a wide range of skills, such as communication, self-care, socialization, and practical skills needed to navigate one's environment. This is useful in providing references to support Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) initiatives, especially to improve access to quality education for children with disabilities. Objective: This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of research on adaptive behavior for children with disabilities from 2014 to 2024. It focuses on identifying patterns, trends, and gaps in the literature to understand the evolution and current state of the field. Theorical Framework: Adaptive behavior is often categorized into different domains, reflecting the various areas of functioning that are essential for independent living and social integration. The three primary domains of adaptive behavior commonly recognized in the literature are conceptual, practical and social domain. Method: The study employs advanced bibliometric techniques, including keyword co-occurrence and citation analysis, to explore the interconnectedness of topics and to forecast future directions in research. It underscores the critical need for reliable and inclusive assessment tools, comprehensive multi-informant evaluations, and interventions that can be integrated into educational settings to support the independence and social integration of children with disabilities. Results and Discussion: The findings of the study through article co-occurrence mapping analysis, four clusters representing adaptive behavior were identified, that is red cluster (psychological and social dimensions), green cluster (developmental and cognitive aspects of disability), blue cluster (adaptive functioning and behavioral outcomes) and yellow cluster (behavioral and diagnostic) portrays an interconnected landscape of research topics, where psychological, developmental, behavioral, and diagnostic themes converge, reflecting the complexity and interdisciplinary nature of research in disabilities. Research Implications: This study contributes practical implications, improving interventions, informing policies, and enhancing community understanding and support for individuals with varying needs in adaptive behavior. This holistic impact underscores the importance of such research in driving both theoretical and practical advancements in the field. Originality/Value: The exploration of adaptive behavior in children with disabilities has emerged as a critical area of study, integrating multifaceted approaches from diagnosis to intervention. The comprehensive review presented in this article not only captures the varied dimensions of adaptive behavior but also underscores the intricate interplay between intellectual, developmental, and social facets of disabilities in children.

Quality assurance in higher education: Trends and insights from a systematic literature review

Quality assurance in higher education is vital for ensuring institutional accountability, improving educational standards, and meeting stakeholder expectations. However, few studies offer clear directions for future research, highlighting the need for further exploration. To address this, this study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach to map key research topics in quality assurance. A total of 2,578 Scopus-indexed articles published between 2013 and 2023 were analyzed, employing keyword co-occurrence mapping to identify thematic clusters. The data analysis was conducted using VOSviewer to uncover trends and advancements in the field. The results reveal four distinct clusters: The red cluster focuses on institutional and policy frameworks, highlighting the role of teaching, policy, and standards. The green cluster emphasizes student perceptions, satisfaction, and service quality, reflecting the growing importance of the student experience. The blue cluster examines accreditation processes, emphasizing their role in maintaining academic standards and ensuring compliance. The yellow cluster explores leadership and engagement, focusing on the relationship between school leadership, stakeholder involvement, and quality assurance practices. These findings offer a strong foundation for advancing both scholarly discourse and practical applications in quality assurance and provide valuable insights to guide future research in addressing emerging challenges in higher education.

Unraveling contemporary trends on United Nations sustainable development goals: A new global bibliometric and literature review analysis

AbstractThis review presents a bibliometric performance and systematic literature review of research publications related to the 17 United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs) in business studies. The study employs the 2020 revised Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) framework to systematically evaluate and identify 583 articles sourced from esteemed academic databases, including Scopus and Web of Science, as well as seven reputable publishers and digital libraries, for subsequent analysis and synthesis. The identified 583 papers on SDGs, authored by 1610 scholars and published in 207 peer‐reviewed sources, are analyzed using VOSviewer and R Studio software. The analysis reveals the existence of nine independent clusters of SDGs business research: artificial intelligence and digitalization (red cluster), business collaboration (green cluster), corporate sustainability (blue cluster), circular economy and corporate social responsibility (yellow cluster), entrepreneurship and innovation (purple cluster), education for developing countries (aqua‐cluster), climate change and tourism (orange‐cluster), Africa perspectives (brown cluster), and sustainable investment (black cluster). This review highlights the foundation of the business studies debate linked to the advancement of the SDGs after the adoption by the United Nations. Key insights, future research directions and conclusion including implications are discussed.

PENERAPAN DATA MINING JUMLAH PENJUALAN SEPEDA MOTOR MENGGUNAKAN METODE K- MEANS CLUSTERING (Studi Kasus : PT. Tunas Dwipa Matra Way Kanan)

With the ever-expanding product spectrum of motorcycles, as we all know, motorcycles are a popular form of public transportation because of their practicality. The motorcycle business had to develop further and adopt new technologies. The motorcycle market in Indonesia is currently flooded with motorcycle companies, including Honda, Yamaha, Suzuki and Kawasaki, which are constantly competing to win consumer interest in buying motorcycle products. It is difficult for staff to set sales forecasts because of the volume of motorcycle sales data. In processing motorcycle sales data, it is necessary to carry out a data grouping technique. Using the K-Means method will divide and classify data into predetermined clusters by grouping based on certain classes. A data that has the closest similarity will be in the same cluster. Processing motorcycle sales data with this method can determine the amount of sales. The tools used in this research are Google Colaboratory. In this study there are 3 clusters. The results of this study are cluster 1 (many) there are 4 data in data 1, 2, 3 and 4, in cluster 2 (moderate) there are 3 data in data 5, 6 and 7, and cluster 3 (less) there are 5 data in data 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. In the application of data mining using google colaboratory there are 3 colors namely yellow (cluster 1) there are 4 data, purple (cluster 2) there are 3 data and blue (cluster 3) there are 5 data. So it can be concluded that manual calculations using the k-means clustering method and the application of data mining using the Google colaboratory are relevant.

Scientometric Analysis of the World Scientific Production on Augmented and Virtual Reality in Dental Education.

The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications in dental education. A cross-sectional research was carried out using a bibliometric methodology. This process entailed the assessment of metadata from scientific publications that are catalogued in the Scopus database, covering the period from January 2018 to August 2023. A variety of indicators were utilized to scrutinize scientific production and dissemination within the academic community. These encompassed elements such as the author, the publication itself, the number of citations, institutional and collaborative affiliations, geographical location, journal quartile ranking, h-index, Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP), Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI), SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), and the CiteScore. Several institutions from different countries and their academic output were found. Beihang University stands out with 16 scholarly articles, followed by Stanford University with 16 articles and 170 citations. The Q1 quartile has experienced a steady increase, reaching 87 scientific articles. The top 10 authors in scientific production on augmented and VR in dentistry include Joe Amal Cecil, Avinash Gupta, and Miguel A Pirela-Cruz. In terms of co-authorship by country, the United States, Germany, and China are the most predominant in the clusters represented. However, other clusters also have a significant presence. By analyzing the explored trends and themes of keyword co-occurrence, four main clusters were identified. The yellow cluster contained the largest amount of research with the keyword "virtual reality." In addition, the blue cluster was found to be best related to the green "simulation," purple "virtual reality (VR)," and light blue "human-centered computing" clusters. This study evidenced the availability and quality of the data used for the analysis. Future studies could consider the use of VR systems with integrated eye tracking and compare their effect in dentistry during dental procedures. The clinical importance of this study lies in its potential to improve dental education. The VR and AR can provide dental students with immersive, hands-on learning experiences, which can enhance their understanding and clinical skills. Furthermore, the translational value of this study extends beyond dental education. The insights gained from this research could be applicable to other fields of medical education where hands-on training is crucial. Thus, the findings of this study have the potential to influence the broader landscape of medical education, ultimately leading to improved healthcare outcomes. How to cite this article: Alvitez-Temoche D, Silva H, Aguila ED, et al. Scientometric Analysis of the World Scientific Production on Augmented and Virtual Reality in Dental Education. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(4):358-364.

Sustainability Disclosures and Their Influence on Cost of Capital: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Study

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has emerged as a global phenomenon in the business sector, capturing the attention of all stakeholders. Both early-stage and established firms often engage in high levels of voluntary disclosure, thereby reducing their cost of capital. This study synthesizes existing literature related to the impact of CSR on the cost of capital, focusing on sustainability and environmental disclosure. Utilizing the Scopus database, we conducted a bibliometric analysis through VOSviewer, analyzing 76 research articles from reputable academic journals published between 2002 and 2022. Our analysis identified three primary clusters: (1) the red cluster, titled "CSR and ESG disclosure and its impact on cost of capital" with 43 articles examining corporate social performance strategies, environmental risks, and green support; (2) the green cluster, titled "CSR activities and environmental or voluntary disclosure" with 21 articles focusing on corporate social investment, greenhouse gas emissions, voluntary disclosure, and their impact on cost of capital; and (3) the blue cluster, titled "sustainability disclosure or toxic release" with 12 articles centered on corporate social decoupling and toxic release. Our findings provide valuable insights for enhancing a firm's environmental and economic performance and offer guidance for decision-makers, lenders, investors, shareholders, and policymakers on reducing a firm's cost of capital through sustainability policies and strategies. Additionally, we highlight unexplored dimensions for future research, including forecasting firm investments using decoupling techniques, exploring the mediating role of CSR on the cost of capital, and examining the relationship between carbon intensity, greenhouse gases, and toxic release.

Leadership styles and sustainable performance

Leadership styles play a critical role in influencing sustainable performance and shaping organizational dynamics. A nuanced understanding of different leadership styles may have distinct impacts on the long-term success of performance to ensure organizational sustainability. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the trends of leadership styles and sustainable performance through a bibliometric analysis to provide valuable insights into the scholarly landscape surrounding this critical intersection. Using data from the Scopus scientific database for the period between 2010 and 2024, 106 relevant documents are found and visualized via the Vosviewer software to represent the relationships and patterns within the data. The main results found four thematic clusters: (1) red cluster is focuses on authentic leadership, sustainable leadership, knowledge management, sustainable development, and sustainable performance, (2) green cluster is related to organizational culture, job satisfaction, and innovation, (3) blue cluster is associated with transformational leadership, transactional leadership, organizational commitment, and corporate social responsibility, (4) yellow cluster is connected to servant leadership, organizational citizenship behavior, and employee performance. In all clusters, the bibliometric review indicates a robust connection between leadership styles (i.e., authentic leadership, sustainable leadership, transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and servant leadership) and sustainable performance. Comparing to another style of leadership, the finding further highlights the prevalence of transformational leadership as a key driver of sustainable performance.

Analisis Blibiometrik Operating and Economic Exposure Dengan Publish or Perish dan VosViewer

This research aims to review comprehensive studies in an exploratory manner regarding operating exposure or economic exposure as an influence of fluctuations in the forex rate or foreign exchange rates on the present value of future cash flows in companies. The sample consists of 100 documents published in the period 2013 to 2023 using the crossref database with the keywords, forex rate, present value (PV), future value cash flow. This research conducted a systematic literature review using a bibliometric approach. Publish or perish and VOSviewer software were used to perform graphical analysis of bibliometric data and visualization of research results. Based on the visualization obtained, there are five types of colors as a clustering of links and relationships in terms of Operating Exposure which are searched in the database based on keywords. The first cluster is red which includes Indonesian stock exchange, earnings, stock price, value relevance, economic value. Then for the green cluster free cash flow and firm value. Then for the yellow cluster corporate governance, cash holding, and firm. Then for the light blue cluster, it is value and future direction. Then for the blue cluster it is rate, risk and overall tax advantages, and the last cluster in purple is net present value, return and cost. Bibliometric analytics can systematically review a number of studies to provide a less biased perspective. This also helps future research by combining research based on connectivity between keywords to better understand operating exposure in terms of company financial management.

A New Molybdenum Blue Structure Type: How Uranium Expands this Family of Polyoxometalates.

The assembly of molybdenum polyoxometalates (POMs) has afforded large discrete nanoclusters with varied degrees of reduction such as the ~20 % reduced molybdenum blues. While many heterometals have been incorporated into these clusters to afford new properties, uranium has yet to be reported. Here we report the first uranium containing molybdenum blue clusters and the unique properties exhibited by this incorporation. The uranyl ion (UO2 2+) directs formation of Mo72U8, a square POM comprised of two faces connected by eight edge-sharing molybdenum dimers. Mo72U8, a chiral cluster, crystallizes as a racemic mixture and, in the solid state, has a 'negative' charge localized on one face of the cluster opposite the 'positively' charged face of another cluster. Using U(IV) as both heterometal and molybdenum reductant afforded crystals of Mo97U10, a wheel cluster with a heptamolybdate cap on one face. Mo97U10 dissociates in solution, losing the heptamolybdate, to form Mo90U10. Using more solvent during synthesis afforded crystals of Mo90U10S4 which, instead of heptamolybdate, contains four sulfate ions. Crystals of Mo90U10S4 undergo a dehydration induced phase change where clusters form a sheet through oxide bridges. Half of the bridges are cation-cation interactions between the uranyl oxygen atom and molybdenum, the first reported of this kind.

Artificial intelligence and sustainability in higher education: a bibliometric analysis and its relations with the UN SDGs

This research aimed to analyze the importance of artificial intelligence and sustainability in higher education according to the literature in the field and to present the relationships of this context with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The adopted research strategies included bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software and literature review, considering the Web of Science scientific database. The bibliometric analysis resulted in the clustering of four groups. The blue cluster highlighted the emergence of interest in studies on AI and sustainability in higher education following the Covid-19 pandemic. The green cluster emphasized the importance of more efficient teaching methods adapted to the demands of higher education, as well as the need to empower teachers to use artificial intelligence in developing students' skills and competencies, emphasizing sustainability. The yellow cluster indicated the presence of artificial intelligence in higher education based on the triad of sustainable education and innovation, aiming to prepare students for future challenges. The red cluster emphasized the impact of artificial intelligence in higher education, focusing on student learning, efficiency, and sustainable performance. Finally, the literature analysis identified the main AI technologies in higher education and their relationship with the United Nations SDGs. The reflections presented here can contribute to expanding discussions on the relationship between artificial intelligence and sustainability in higher education. From a practical standpoint, it can serve as a foundation for university managers aiming to promote the integration of AI into their teaching processes, considering the context of sustainability.

The galactic acceleration scale is imprinted on globular cluster systems of early-type galaxies of most masses and on red and blue globular cluster subpopulations

Context. Globular clusters (GCs) carry information about the formation histories and gravitational fields of their host galaxies. It was found before that the radial profiles of the volume number density of GCs in GC systems (GCSs) follow broken power laws, while the breaks occur approximately at the a0 radii. These are the radii at which the gravitational fields of the galaxies equal the galactic acceleration scale a0 = 1.2 × 10−10 m s−2 known from the radial acceleration relation or the MOND theory of modified dynamics. Aims. Our main goals here are to explore whether the above results hold true for galaxies of a wider mass range and for the red and blue GC subpopulations. Methods. We exploited catalogs of photometric GC candidates in the Fornax galaxy cluster based on ground and space observations and a new catalog of spectroscopic GCs of NGC 1399, the central galaxy of the cluster. For every galaxy, we obtained the parameters of the broken power-law density by fitting the on-sky distribution of the GC candidates, while allowing for a constant density of contaminants. The logarithmic stellar masses of our galaxy sample span 8.0 − 11.4 M⊙. Results. All investigated GCSs with a sufficient number of members show broken power-law density profiles. This holds true for the total GC population and the blue and red subpopulations. The inner and outer slopes and the break radii agree well for the different GC populations. The break radii agree with the a0 radii typically within a factor of two for all GC color subpopulations. The outer slopes correlate better with the a0 radii than with the galactic stellar masses. The break radii of NGC 1399 vary in azimuth, such that they are greater toward and against the direction to NGC 1404, which tidally interacts with NGC 1399.

Pengaruh Faktor Harga, Lokasi Serta Citra Merek Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Membeli Perumahan di Citraland Celebes

One important component of people's welfare is owning a house. Every family now faces the pressure of meeting the main priorities, namely food and clothing or having a decent home for their own family as a result of increasingly advanced times and rapid population growth. This research aims to determine the influence of price, location and brand image on consumer satisfaction when they buy a house in Citraland Celebes Makassar. Currently, a house is not only one of the main human needs but also a determinant of social status in society, so many people are trying to have a nice house. Apart from that, a house can also be used as an investment item if it has a strategic location so that many people have more than one house in various locations as their assets in the future. The population taken for this research were people who bought houses in the Blue Aqua Citraland Cluster, which was determined using a sample of 54 (fifty four) people and the Slovin system. Questionnaires and literature collected systematically and randomly based only on research objectives were used as a serial recording technique. The research used is quantitative descriptive research with a record analysis method using multiple linear regression and validity testing.

Sustainability reporting and electric utilities: A bibliometric analysis

Electric utilities play a pivotal and indispensable role in facilitating the transition towards a more sustainable planet. However, it is observed that only a limited number of electric utilities have undertaken the voluntary disclosure of their Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) indicators. Consequently, this situation has spurred significant academic interest, prompting scholars to initiate studies aimed at comprehending the primary implications associated with the adoption of accountability technologies by electric utilities. In light of this compelling evidence, the present article endeavors to conduct a systematic and rigorous analysis of the scholarly landscape through the application of bibliometric methods. The key outcome is the identification of three principal research areas: (i) environmental management, represented by the “green cluster,” (ii) corporate social responsibility, represented by the “blue cluster,” and (iii) accountability strategies, represented by the “red cluster.” Each of these areas offers unique insights into the efforts of electric utilities to promote and adhere to sustainable operational practices.

Screen time in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic

<p><strong>Introduction.</strong> With the beginning of the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus, restrictions on movement, the so-called “lockdown” were applied by many governments. As a result of these actions taken against the transmission of the COVID-19 virus, the use of digital devices has increased, i.e. the time spent in front of screens has increased. <strong>Methods.</strong> This paper dealt with a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications on the topic of screen time in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Dimensions database was chosen as the data source. No time frame is given, but given the topic, publications from 2020-2023 are included in the analysis. The data were analyzed in the VOSviewer program, specified for bibliometric and visual data analysis. <strong>Results.</strong> Map of word co-occurrence show that there are three different clusters. In the red cluster, consisting of 53 terms, the most frequent terms are sleep (124), lifestyle (103) and restriction (83), while in the green cluster, consisting of 41 terms, family (126), education (88), relationship (86) are the most represented. The blue cluster consists of significantly fewer terms, 12 of them, of which anxiety (91), symptom (81), depression (58) are the most represented. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> Based on the bibliometric analysis, we can conclude that the scientists were mostly concerned with the impact of the screen time phenomenon on the physical health of children and adolescents. In addition, screen time has been linked to mental health, education and socio-emotional relationships.</p>

Research Trend of Environmental Education in Science Based on Scopus Database

Objective: This study analyzes the trend of implementing environmental education in science research. Method: This research was conducted using the bibliometric literature study method. The data collection of this study used a Scopus database and was analyzed by the Vosviewer application. Result: From this study known that there is a significant increase in environmental education science research. The highest number of publications carried out in 2021 was six articles. The results of the VOSviewer visualization found 3 clusters red, green, and blue. Red cluster show related keyword research about education, curriculum, learning science, and education program. Green cluster show related keyword research about environmental education and science education. Blue cluster show related keyword research about sustainable development, science and technology, environmental technology, environmental science, and environmental sustainability. From the cluster, there are known that some theme related can be used to combine and use to research environmental education in science. Novelty: Analysis of these research trends can be used as a reference and a means of developing self-abilities concerning being an environmental educator in schools. Implementing environmental education can make students better understand and explore their abilities in science.

Mapping energy sustainability using the Kohonen self-organizing maps - Case study

There is no one-size-fits-all solution for global energy sustainability. It is affected by a country's policies, resources, financing opportunities, the attention given to it, and the degree to which other pressing issues, such as poverty and access to power, are addressed in each country. This paper used 28 indicators to assess a country's energy sustainability. These indicators ranged from CO2 per capita emissions to the share of electricity production from wind. The indicators were adjusted so that the lower values were more sustainable. 31 countries were selected. Kohonen's self-organizing maps were used to present this 28-dimensional model in a 2D map. This algorithm is a type of artificial neural network trained by unsupervised learning. Eight clusters of countries were found through the analysis using the four-light traffic panel, where green is the most sustainable, followed by blue, yellow, and red. The closeness on the map does not guarantee that two countries will be in the same cluster. Three color matches and closeness were the criteria for the creation of clusters. The energy transition from the map's lower to upper sides is plainly visible. Red clusters make up the lower side, while green clusters make up the top. One blue cluster and two yellow clusters are located between them. The algorithm converged in the 133rd iteration; the quantization error reached 0 and the topological error reached a value of 25. This method can be used to visualize how far or close a country is to the best achievers. It shows which parameters can or should be improved and what the world trend is. If there is a trend, cost-effective solutions are frequently present.

Perkembangan Penelitian Tipografi: Kajian Bibliometrik

An essential component of visual communication design is typography. Moreover, research on typography has been done in the past from both the standpoints of study and creation. Yet, there has never been research done on examining the development trend of studies on the subject of typography. Therefore, the following research questions were addressed: (1) What are the trends in research productivity regarding to typography topics based on year, publication source, affiliation, country, citation, and authorship from year to year? and (2) How is the development of research themes regarding to typography research from year to year? To conducted the research question, this research used the bibliometric method. Based on the keyword "typography" in the Scopus database, the information was retrieved, then examined and visualized using the Vos Viewer. The study's findings indicate that there has been a noticeable increase in typographic research from 1854 to 2022 in the Scopus database. Tiny nodes show up as a result of the co-occurrence visualization, indicating that there are still unique potential for research on typography-related issues. In the eight clusters, these tiny nodes are dispersed outside of the big nodes (red, green, blue, yellow, orange, brown, light blue, and purple clusters). Research possibilities with typography topics that contain the novelty can also be produced from new research that has been indexed in the Scopus database, in addition to being based on these tiny nodes.

HST viewing of spectacular star-forming trails behind ESO 137-001

ABSTRACT We present the results from the HST WFC3 and ACS data on an archetypal galaxy undergoing ram pressure stripping (RPS), ESO 137-001, in the nearby cluster Abell 3627. ESO 137-001 is known to host a prominent stripped tail detected in many bands from X-rays, H α to CO. The HST data reveal significant features indicative of RPS such as asymmetric dust distribution and surface brightness as well as many blue young star complexes in the tail. We study the correlation between the blue young star complexes from HST, H ii regions from H α (MUSE), and dense molecular clouds from CO (ALMA). The correlation between the HST blue star clusters and the H ii regions is very good, while their correlation with the dense CO clumps are typically not good, presumably due in part to evolutionary effects. In comparison to the starburst99 + cloudy model, many blue regions are found to be young (<10 Myr) and the total star formation (SF) rate in the tail is 0.3–0.6 M⊙ yr−1 for sources measured with ages less than 100 Myr, about 40 per cent of the SF rate in the galaxy. We trace SF over at least 100 Myr and give a full picture of the recent SF history in the tail. We also demonstrate the importance of including nebular emissions and a nebular to stellar extinction correction factor when comparing the model to the broad-band data. Our work on ESO 137-001 demonstrates the importance of HST data for constraining the SF history in stripped tails.

A trail of the invisible: blue globular clusters trace the radial density distribution of the dark matter – case study of NGC 4278

ABSTRACTWe present new, deep optical observations of the early-type galaxy NGC 4278, which is located in a small loose group. We find that the galaxy lacks fine substructure, that is, it appears relaxed, out to a radius of ∼70 kpc. Our g- and i-band surface brightness profiles are uniform down to our deepest levels of ∼28 mag arcsec−2. This spans an extremely large radial range of more than 14 half-mass radii. Combined with archival globular cluster (GC) number density maps and a new analysis of the total mass distribution obtained from archival Chandra X-ray data, we find that the red GC subpopulation traces well the stellar mass density profile from 2.4 out to even 14 half-mass radii, while the blue GC subpopulation traces the total mass density profile of the galaxy over a large radial range. Our results reinforce the scenario that red GCs form mostly in situ along with the stellar component of the galaxy, while the blue GCs are more closely aligned with the total mass distribution in the halo and were accreted along with halo matter. We conclude that for galaxies where the X-ray emission from the hot halo is too faint to be properly observable and as such is not available to measure the dark matter profile, the blue GC population can be used to trace this dark matter component out to large radii.