Blue Book Research Articles

Make grammar great again?

ABSTRACT The teaching of grammar has been strongly debated for decades, often with reference to an alleged decline in the 1960s. This article takes a historical perspective on grammar, or knowledge about language, within English Education. In the eighteenth century, Adam Smith’s Lectures in Rhetoric and Belles-lettres offered a discernibly modern combination of English language and literature. In the nineteenth century, however, university English courses were divided between belles-lettres and philology, while the conditions of elementary schooling favoured “factual” instruction in grammatical “correctness” based on an ideology rooted in the emergence of Standard English. In the twentieth century, the Newbolt Report and Blue Books questioned grammar teaching, but grammatical analysis remained part of public examinations until the 1960s. The last fifty years have seen major advances in linguistic education, but curriculum and assessment procedures continue to conceptualise grammar as the prescriptive teaching of “correct” forms of language.

Chakhar-Gebshi ‘s Concept of a Pious Monk

Buddhism occupies an important place in the history of culture of the Mongolian peoples, in particular from the 16th century, which corresponds to the third stage of the spread of the Buddhist religion among the Mongols. Although Buddhist teachings have wide influence on everyday life, the philosophy of Buddhism was understandable to a very small circle of adherents. For the majority of the population, ethical and didactic literature and the authority of teachers were much more important. In this regard, the image of the clergy was to be the standard of Buddhist behavior. There are amounts of non-canonical literature on the rules and instructions for righteous behavior, addressed to both laity and clergy. The article analyzes the ideal image of a monk, according to the requirements of Chakhar-gebshi Lubsantsultim on the basis of two works: “Biography of Chakhar-gebshi”, compiled by his disciple Luvsansamduvnima in 1818, and the work of Chakhar-gebshi entitled as a “Blue Book, History of Erdeni Dushi Monastery”. The biographical method used for characterizing Chakhar-gebshi allowed to show his life and him as a strict monk as a model to be followed. The methods of source study and comparative analysis were used for constructing and estimating of a model of religious behavior. The materials from “The Blue Book” ‒ a work of a monastic charter ‒ are general for monastic education and monastic environment in Mongolian Buddhism. The importance of keeping the teachings and religion of Buddha in purity and maintaining the moral image of his followers as an authority for the laity has been emphasized many times in the works of various authors. In this regard, the definitions of a pious monk written down by Chakhar-gebshi represent a complete system that combines basic Buddhist precepts. Keywords: Chakhar-gebshi, moral prescription, biography, Mongolian Buddhism, monks, charter

Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung: a pathology update

Summary Purpose Neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine carcinomas in the lung are distinct and separate entities featuring neuroendocrine differentiation, for which an accurate classification is clinically warranted. Materials and methods Three perspectives were addressed: (i) diagnostic tools, with the terminology to be used in either resection specimen or small-sized material; (ii) the so-called carcinoid tumors with elevated proliferation rates (mitotic and/or Ki-67 activity); (iii) predictive biomarkers based on immunohistochemical characterization. Results We herein provide a pathology update on lung neuroendocrine neoplasm classification that will appear in the forthcoming 5th edition of the WHO Blue Book, including a short discussion about biomarkers, which are presently given full consideration in clinical practice. Conclusion The WHO classification on lung neuroendocrine neoplasms is the cornerstone to provide the best clinical management of patients and is the starting point for any investigative insight.

“One Belt, One Road”: Northern Ambitions of China or the “Ice Silk Road”

China's activities relating to the proclaimed One Belt, One Road Initiative continue, and today China is doing a lot to develop the Northern direction of this main transport route. Traditionally, the development of the Northern Sea Route has always been in the hands of Russia, but today, China is investing colossal resources in the implementation of the idea it suggested. Getting transport priorities right will not only help shorten the distance and time of cargos delivery but is also an opportunity for China to reinforce its positions in science, research and technology. Moreover, China is taking efforts to search for areas of reasonable investment, which will allow it to optimize the North-East transport direction as part of the "Ice Silk Road" in the future. In 2018, the "White Book", "China's Arctic Policy" based on China's participation in the development of the Arctic and then the "Blue Book" were published, as the result of its scientific research in the North and the Arctic. In these books, China’s strategy and position as of a new “Northern” power is described. On the basis of the approved priority directions of its development, China sets specific tasks and completes them in the shortest possible time, which creates additional risks for Russia as the time frame of implementing projects as well as the multilateral agreements of China do not fully conform to Russia's position. Thus, since 2013, new vessels suitable for operation in the difficult conditions of the North have been built and launched together with the COSCO Shipping Group. As a result of the intensified activities of China in the North, the transport load has increased both on the Russian shipping companies of the Northern Sea Route and on the infrastructure of the ports, whereas investment implementation rate of the projects of their reconstruction remains low. As a consequence, China offers to participate in the modernization of a number of ports on the Ice Silk Road as well as in the collaborative exploration of the North.

Graphical-statistical Atlas of Switzerland, 1914

I was 5 years old when I consciously held a map in my hands for the first time in my life. In fact, it was not a map. My first map was already an atlas! A blue book, about A4 size, which consisted ...

The Psychological Status of Contemporary Female College Students and the Construction of Developmental Psychological Guidance Model‐Take Y University in Jiangsu Province as an example

In 2019, my country's first ＂Mental Health Blue Book＂ ＂Chinese National Mental Health Development Report (2017‐2018)＂ was released. The report shows that the incidence and proportion of emotional problems in women are much higher than those in men. The current developmental psychological counseling model research has problems such as not officially recognized concepts. It advocates that the core of counseling is growth issues rather than health issues, laying the foundation for the subject's psychological development and lifelong development; research on the status quo of group psychology has problems such as ignoring gender differences. Based on the psychological reality of female college students of Yangzhou University, the team aims to fully understand the psychological status of contemporary female college students through questionnaires and sample interviews, and provide suggestions for the school's developmental psychological counseling.

A study on village economic cooperative in the city of China

According to the 2012 social blue book released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China's urban population reached 50% in 2011. With the migration from marriage and new household registration, many urban collective assets have been formed in cities. Due to the unclear property rights and the emptiness of the main body, the distribution of collective assets mostly depends on the village cadres. The central government is preparing relevant laws and regulations to fill this legal gap, while the scheme of restructuring is decided by the villagers' vote, the local government coordinate the land acquisition and management. With the process of urbanization, a large number of second-generation of demolition studied abroad, which has attracted worldwide attention. In addition to the huge amount of compensation, due to the continuous rising of the land price, the value of the collective property and enterprises on the land also keep rising, the management agency of these assets is named village economic cooperative. This paper seeks to analyze the current status and future direction of these wealthy organizations, propose solutions to some existing problems.

Hilma af Klint and the Need for Historical Revision

Hilma af Klint and the Need for Historical Revision

David J. Grignon, MD (1955-2020): Reflections on His Contributions to Academic Surgical Pathology and Beyond.

As a child growing up in a small town in northern Ontario, it would be hard to imagine being on the world stage in any field of endeavor. However, with the combination of raw talent, opportunity, and a Herculean work ethic, dreams can be achieved. Such was the case with David J. Grignon, MD, a dear colleague and friend, who tragically lost a short battle with aggressive pancreatic cancer on January 28, 2020. During his career, David rose to the highest ranks of urologic pathology and was recognized as a world-class leader in this field.Following high school in Haileybury, David attended the University of Western Ontario (London, Canada) where he received undergraduate degrees in science and medicine (1981). After a residency in anatomical pathology in London and a fellowship in surgical pathology at MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, Texas), David returned to University of Western Ontario as an assistant professor. He moved to Wayne State University (Detroit, Michigan) in 1992 and within 8 years rose to become professor and chairman of the Department of Pathology. In 2007, David moved to Indiana University (Indianapolis) where he was the centennial professor and vice-chair for clinical programs until the time of his death.David's contributions to academic surgical pathology are large and multifaceted involving service, teaching, research, and administration. Dr Grignon was a sought-after consultant, brilliant educator, and prolific researcher especially in the clinical trials arena. For many years David was the principal urologic pathology reviewer for the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. The metrics on his curriculum vitae are impressive with more than 370 peer-reviewed papers, more than 350 published abstracts, 6 textbooks including 2 Armed Forces Institute of Pathology fascicles, numerous book chapters, and guidance documents. He was a major contributor to the series 3 and 4 World Health Organization “Blue Books,” International Association of Urological Pathology (ISUP) consensus conferences, and International Collaboration of Cancer Reporting data sets. In recognition of his outstanding contributions, David was awarded the Koss Medal of the ISUP in 2016 for career-level contributions to urologic pathology. David would not back away from an administrative challenge as attested to by his willingness to lead the ISUP as president (2018–2019) during a tumultuous time.Without question David's academic passion was education and he made a huge impact on the lives of medical students, residents, and fellows in pathology, urology, and oncology by his willingness to go the extra yard in teaching. This educational mission extended to the continuing education field and is evidenced by more than 150 courses and slide seminars and more than 200 invited lectures on 6 continents. David was a gifted speaker who was able to explain the most difficult nuances of surgical pathology in a clear and understandable way. His collection of images in urologic pathology was second to none. Throughout his career, David received numerous accolades and teaching awards. In recognition of his outstanding educational contributions, the ISUP has established an eponymous award in his honor.I would be remiss by not mentioning David's personal qualities. He was altruistic, thoughtful, kind, inclusive, and fair in dealings with others. He had diverse interests beyond medicine including reading, old-school Hollywood movies, classic rock on vinyl, travel, food, and wine. David was a devoted family man who was married to Laurie, his high-school sweetheart for 40 years. He was a wonderful role model for his 2 sons, Robert (Megan), who is a lawyer in New Zealand, and Mark (Blanca), a businessman in Nevada.David Grignon lived his life fully with enthusiasm, optimism, and zeal. David was unquestionably a giant in modern urologic pathology who touched many students and colleagues throughout the world with his writings, lectures, and courses. He will be dearly missed by colleagues, friends, and family alike. In achieving his dream, David made a lasting contribution to medicine and pathology and in doing so, made the world a better place.Note added in proof: On January 26, 2021, a healthy baby boy named David John Grignon II came into the world, an event that would have made his grandfather proud and happy.

Online Training and Self-assessment in the Histopathologic Classification of Endocervical Adenocarcinoma and Diagnosis of Pattern of Invasion: Evaluation of Participant Performance.

Histopathologic classification of endocervical adenocarcinomas (EAC) has recently changed, with the new system based on human papillomavirus (HPV)-related morphologic features being incorporated into the 5th edition of the WHO Blue Book (Classification of Tumours of the Female Genital Tract). There has also been the introduction of a pattern-based classification system to assess invasion in HPV-associated (HPVA) endocervical adenocarcinomas that stratifies tumors into 3 groups with different prognoses. To facilitate the introduction of these changes into routine clinical practice, websites with training sets and test sets of scanned whole slide images were designed to improve diagnostic performance in histotype classification of endocervical adenocarcinoma based on the International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification (IECC) and assessment of Silva pattern of invasion in HPVA endocervical adenocarcinomas. We report on the diagnostic results of those who have participated thus far in these educational websites. Our goal was to identify areas where diagnostic performance was suboptimal and future educational efforts could be directed. There was very good ability to distinguish HPVA from HPV-independent adenocarcinomas within the WHO/IECC classification, with some challenges in the diagnosis of HPV-independent subtypes, especially mesonephric carcinoma. Diagnosis of HPVA subtypes was not consistent. For the Silva classification, the main challenge was related to distinction between pattern A and pattern B, with a tendency for participants to overdiagnose pattern B invasion. These observations can serve as the basis for more targeted efforts to improve diagnostic performance.

Updates from the 2020 World Health Organization Classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours.

The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of soft tissue and bone tumours was published in May 2020. This 'Blue Book', which is also available digitally for the first time, incorporates an array of new information on these tumours, amassed in the 7years since the previous edition. Major advances in molecular characterisation have driven further refinements in classification and the development of ancillary diagnostic tests, and have improved our understanding of disease pathogenesis. Several new entities are also included. This review summarises the main changes introduced in the 2020 WHO classification for each subcategory of soft tissue and bone tumours.

Hip fracture care during Covid-19: a regional trauma centre's experience.

IntroductionThe Covid-19 pandemic has caused worldwide upheaval from early 2020. Trauma and orthopaedic services are no different. A fundamentally important and significant portion of trauma services is the treatment of fragility fractures of the proximal femur, otherwise known as hip fractures. The hip fracture “Blue book Standards”, the key performance indicators (KPIs) associated with appropriate hip fracture care are challenging during non-crisis times. We aim to review Blue Book compliance during the Covid-19 crisis and review outcomes of hip fractures, including Covid-19 infection rates.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed IHFD data to collection demographic data, IHFD standards of care, 30-day mortality rates and complications between 23rd March and 20th May 2020 and 2019. Covid-19 rates in 2020 were also recorded.ResultsA total of 36 hip fractures were recorded in 2020, compared with 45 in 2019, resulting in a 20% reduction in presentations. Thirty-day mortality in hip fractures during the Covid-19 crisis was 8.3% compared with 2.2% in 2020. Covid-19 infection was statistically associated with 30-day mortality in the 2020 cohort. Statistically significant improvements in time-dependent KPIs (time to ward and time to surgery) were noted in the 2020 cohort.ConclusionsDespite improvements in hip fracture care KPIs, the Covid-19 crisis was associated with increased 30-day mortality in hip fracture patients. A positive Covid-19 swab was associated with higher mortality. These observations are of paramount importance to ensure adequate service planning and provision in the face of a potential “second wave” of Covid-19 infections leading into the winter months of 2020.

“Blue Book” by Vasyl Stefanyk: poetics of seriality / mosaic

Decoding art, understanding the stage fate of works of literature, expanding the boundaries of the content of the concept of “poetics”, rethinking the individual style of the writer is possible in different ways. One of them is the study of film poetics as a separate literary work, and the whole collection, the work of the writer in general. All this determines the relevance of the article. The study of the state of development of the problem testifies to the attention of scientists — representatives of various scientific schools of Ukraine (L. Gorbolis, S. Kyryliuk, N. Mocherniuk) — to aspects of intermediality of V. Stefanyk’s work. It emphasizes the relevance of the study. Recognition of the fact of non-accidental arrangement of V. Stefanyk’s samples in the collection “Blue Book” thanks to the research work of V. Yermak, determines the purpose of scientific research. It is outlining the notable features of cinema. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to study each element of the short stories in terms of visualization. For this purpose, it is necessary to use structural-semiotic and poetological methods. As the results of the analysis of each short story, several regularities are revealed. The writer not only introduces the character into the life context but also visualizes the scene (“Blue Book”, “Lost”, “In the Inn”). Defining artistic details and emotional state of the character are mostly presented in close-ups (“Taken out of the village”, “Autumn”, “Alone”). There are frames full of sounds and colors (“Blue Book”, “Pious”, “Katrusya”). The tempo of the frames is slowed down, due to which a visual image appears in the mind of the reader, which provokes the recipient to emotional work (“Taken out of the Village”). Each image has a cyclic construction, while the whole collection is evidence of the application of the poetics of seriality. The samples are interconnected emotionally, tonally, semantically (“Taken out of the Village”, “Lost”, “In the Inn”, “Les’ family”, “Mother’s Son”). The collection has an artistic unity due to common symbols, rich visual potential. Given the findings, there is a reason to believe that all literary works by V. Stefanyk deserve attention from the standpoint of visuality.

Jazz, Politics, & Love

Jazz, Politics, & Love Stephanie Rauschenbusch (bio) Notes on Hard Times Paul Austin Village Books Press www.villagebookspress.com 62 Pages; Print, $12.00 How rare to open a book of poems and turn down the page corners for every other poem, as if to say, “I like this one, too.” This was my experience upon reading Paul Austin’s latest collection of poems — Notes on Hard Times. Writing about jazz, politics, love, and the solitary figure or “isolato” (as D. H. Lawrence calls him), Austin is always clear, forceful, and insightful. His first poem,” Nightfall,” is an invocation and a blessing. It goes like this, “Nightfall” leave the lamp unlit,unclose the window curtain,look beyond the glass. can you not agreethe uninhabited nightpulses with desire? can you not allowthe blue anticipationmurmur in your ear? let go your heart’s fear,give of your eyes to vastness,that it may be seen The sparseness of the poem and its almost complete suspension of punctuation is striking, as is the simplicity of its complex meanings. We don’t know exactly where we are, or with whom, or who is speaking and to whom. There is a lamp, a window, two lovers, and an invitation to see the night pulsing with desire. In our imaginations, we can expect the lovers to consummate their love or to go outside to explore the night with its “blue anticipation.” We who are reading are also being invited to enter the book as if it were uninhabited and pulsing with desire. The second poem in this book plunges us into history — “Warsaw Ghetto, 1942.” It is a straight narrative poem about the encounter between a Jewish boy and a storm trooper who terrifies him into losing control of his bladder and wetting his pants. The point is humiliation, not murder, though by the end the crowd of witnesses is impatient for the man to commit the murder he has promised them. Both “The Jazz Lover” and “As It Should Be” are poems about jazz that are inflected with the rhythms of jazz. The first narrates the life of a woman who hangs out in jazz clubs and bars, while the second contrasts the sounds of a bass in the night with the song of a wood thrush in the morning which does not include “the flatted fifth” of the jazz bass. The long poem called “Wittgenstein” seems to parallel a biography of the philosopher, and emphasizes his wish to purify, clarify and “decontaminate” language itself. It starts with his habit of slapping his forehead by which he hoped “to knock loose the right word.” He searched for a “virtuous language”: “He played the game of language, / in the music hall of his mind, / slip-sliding on false starts, / prat-falling over bad choices, / Spinning verbal cartwheels/hoping to reveal hidden truths / in what, for him, was the natural / state of the nonsensical.” One of the longest poems in Notes on Hard Times is “Dreaming Angel,” a prose poem full of freely associating thoughts of an absent woman. The poet imagines he has become this woman: “the inner me is actually you.” He eventually begs her to write him, calling him “Harvey White.” Meanwhile, he worries about a female suicide bomber who is on the radio news. He imagines being on the same bus that blew up: “Everything is bright, bright and white like gold, bright white gold. And hot. The whole bus is steaming and shimmering and vibrating…” “Tell Me Who I Am,” described as an “installation”, seems like a scenario or script for a movie. A color-coded woman (“Black pants, black shirt with Chinese collar. Black slippers, white socks. Scarlet red scarf…” picks up and briefly skims a green book, then a blue book, then a red book. She keeps being interrupted by distracting external street noises — a jet flying over, a train whistle blowing, an ice cream truck playing music. She “closes the red book in anger.” This well-imagined set of actions, in a white writer’s studio where the books form color squares like those in Josef Albers’ paintings, seems painterly, a sort of...

Angus Fletcher. <em>Wonderworks. The 25 Most Powerful Inventions in the History of Literature</em>

Angus Fletcher. <em>Wonderworks. The 25 Most Powerful Inventions in the History of Literature</em>

Nowa klasyfikacja WHO guzów piersi z 2019 roku

At the end of 2019, a new classification of breast malignancies was published by the World Health Organization (WHO). Popular name of the classification is the blue book and it derives from the colour of its cover. New classification was made available after 7 years from the previous one. In 2019 the WHO introduced new disease entities: mucinous cystad­enocarcinoma and tall cell carcinoma of reverse polarity. The most recent classification also contains classification of the microscopic evaluation of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and of the evaluation of the parameters necessary to define the tumour grade of breast cancer as well as predictive or prognostic parameters. All of above mentioned changes are presented and commented on in the article.

So Who Cares? Taking Livingston out of Africa

So Who Cares? Taking Livingston out of Africa

Diagnosis of digestive system tumours.

The WHO Classification of Tumours provides the international standards for the classification and diagnosis of tumours. It enables direct comparisons to be made between different countries. In the new fifth edition, the series has gone digital with the launch of a website as well as a series of books, known widely as the WHO Blue Books. The first volume to be produced is on the classification of Digestive System tumours, replacing the successful 2010 version. It has been rewritten and updated accordingly. This article summarises the major diagnostic innovations that have occurred over the last decade and that have now been incorporated in the classification. As an example, it incorporates the recently proposed classification of neuroendocrine tumours, based on the recognition that neuroendocrine tumours and carcinomas differ substantially in the genetic abnormalities that drive their growth, findings relevant to treatment selection and outcome prediction. Several themes have emerged during the production process. One is the importance of the progression from hyperplasia to dysplasia to carcinoma in the evolution of the malignant process. Advances in imaging techniques and endoscopy have resulted in enhanced access to precancerous lesions in the gastrointestinal and biliary tract, necessitating both changes in classification schema and clinical practice. Diagnosis of tumours is no longer the sole purview of pathologists, and some patients now receive treatment before tissue is obtained, based on clinical, radiological and liquid biopsy results. This makes the classification relevant to many disciplines involved in the care of patients with tumours of the digestive system.

Fifty years of history of the Karst Commission of the International Association of Hydrogeologists

The Commission on Karst Hydrogeology, also known as the Karst Commission (KC), was founded in 1970 in Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and it is an important part of the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH). The general idea was to organise a group of hydrogeologists from different countries, with relevant experience in karst hydrogeology, to promote cooperation among scientists interested in karst topics, exchange experiences and, particularly, create an optimal strategy for groundwater resources development. From foundation until today, more than 40 formal meetings and many informal KC gatherings (including field trips) have been convened in different karst regions, and a number of papers and books have been published by KC members. The first publication in the IAH book series International Contributions to Hydrogeology (the “blue books”) was on the subject of karst, presenting the experiences gleaned from a number of development projects from various karst regions, as well as bibliographic data on karst research of the time. Today, the KC is one of the most active IAH groups, with 70 permanent members from 6 continents and many young researchers, whose work is supported by funding and regular awards. The KC members have led or have been involved in many projects run with international cooperation. The two largest, completed in the course of the past decade, are the World Karst Aquifer Map (WOKAM) and the Dinaric Karst Transboundary Aquifer System (DIKTAS) projects. This paper summarizes the history of the KC to date.

Qualitative Analysis method for Social Stability Risk of Environmental Engineering Projects

Lately, ecological building ventures because of social needs and expanded danger additionally will be standardized. In 2014, the Blue Book called attention to that lately, the quantity of get-togethers brought about by different social logical inconsistencies. Where the ecological mass episodes are different with 30% yearly development. In a wide range of ecological clashes, natural designing tasks clashes are rising. The scholarly network has step by step completed the development of significant ventures of social solidness hazard appraisal rules, assessment record framework and different endeavors to normalize the execution of the task research, and accomplished more productive examination results.