Blue-black Ink Research Articles

Study on the Performance of Acrylic Polyurethane for the Protection of Handwriting on Paper Relics

There are many important cultural relics in China, including many paper relics. Therefore, it is particularly important to find methods of protecting the handwriting in paper relics. This study focuses on the effects acrylic polyurethane materials have on preserving handwriting in paper relics by examining the color change and diffusion of handwriting before and after reinforcement treatments on handwriting materials, including ink, carbon ink, blue-black ink, pure blue ink, red ink, and pencil. The acrylic polyurethane materials have a certain degree of stability and enhance the handwriting of paper relics. We analyzed the acrylic polyurethane reinforcement material in terms of acid resistance, alkali resistance, oxidation resistance, dry heat aging resistance, and durability. The experimental results show that the optimal reinforcement concentration is within 15% for ink, 10% for carbon ink, 20% for blue-black ink, 15% to 20% for pure blue ink, and 3% for red ink and pencil. Finally, the surface of the reinforced paper and handwriting were observed through laser microscopy, SEM, EDS, and infrared spectroscopy and the protective effect of acrylic polyurethane reinforcement material on handwriting was determined.

Physical visualization and squalene-based scanning electrochemical microscopy imaging of latent fingerprints on PVDF membrane.

Fingerprints have long been the gold standard for personal identification in forensic science. However, realizing the high-resolution enhancement of eccrine LFPs is difficult using the traditional methods and the label-free detection of fingerprint residue information is also challenging. Herein, we propose two enhancement strategies for LFPs on PVDF membrane (LFPs/PVDF) using blue-black ink staining and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The blue-black ink staining method was used for the first time to develop three types (sebaceous, natural and eccrine) of LFPs/PVDF based on the difference in wettability between the fingerprint residues and PVDF membrane. The enhanced fingerprints clearly displayed levels 1-3 features with high contrast and low background interference. Furthermore, we achieved chemical imaging of the LFP/PVDF samples, where their possible visualization mechanisms were ascribed to the electrochemical reactivity of squalene and difference in wettability between the LFP and PVDF membrane, which was first proposed and investigated by SECM imaging and water contact angle (WCA) measurements, respectively. Significantly, SECM imaging not only provided fingerprint patterns without any labelling but also revealed the spatial distribution information of squalene in LFPs simultaneously. In addition, it was also demonstrated that LFPs deposited on various surfaces were first successfully transferred to the PVDF membrane, and then further developed with both methods, making them general for personal identity-related applications. Taken together, the blue-black ink staining method can easily and quickly obtain level 3 features of LFPs/PVDF and the SECM approach can non-invasively image the topography and chemical information of LFPs/PVDF, and thus they can be potentially selected according to various requirements in forensic scenarios.

Study on dysprosium iron titration analysis based on chromaticity analysis

In the process of artificial titration of dysprosium iron, it is difficult for human eyes to judge the change of the color of the solution, which will lead to inaccurate titration end point and increased error. In this paper, a color sensor is used to replace human eyes to identify the phenomenon of color mutation in solution, and a variety of filtering methods are used to filter the RGB value of the solution collected by the color sensor. It is found that gaussian filtering and moving average filtering can remove noise very well. At the same time, it is found that the color space conversion can more accurately identify the mutation phenomenon of solution color. Finally, using soy sauce, blue black ink, potassium permanganate and other solutions to simulate the experiment, get better experimental results.

IDENTIFICATION OF MALASSEZIA SPECIES AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disease that is characterized by an eczematous reaction. Few studies have investigated fungi in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, however, there are different about distribution of Malassezia species. Objectives: To indentificate of Malassezia species and its asociation with clinical manifestations in Vietnamese atopic dermatitis patient. Methods: 178 patients who were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and had a postitive direct examination of Malassezia at the National hospital of dermatology and venereology between July 2019 and June 2020. Specimens were taken with cellotape, then stained in 20% of potassium hydroxit combined with ParkerTM blue black ink. All patient who had postive test were cultured on SDA and mDixon. For fungal samples, we selected pure colonies with morphological characteristics of yeast as follows about 1cm in diameter, round, cream or milky in color, smooth and glossy to detect the species. Results: From the samples of atopic dermatitis patients, we cultured and idenfified 41 cases. 5 species were found, in which M. globosa was the most common species, accounting for 39%, followed by M. restricta (19.5%), M. dermatis (17.1%), M. furfur (17.1%) and M. sympodialis (2.4%). Conclusion: On the skin lesions of Vietnamese patients with atopic dermatitis, M. globosa was the most common species with 39.0%.

Fluorescence quantum yield determination of molecules in liquids by thermally driven conical diffraction

We report on a method to determine fluorescence quantum yield (η) of molecules in solution based on the observation of conical diffraction (CD) patterns induced by thermally driven self-phase modulation (SPM). In this approach, the central part of a laser beam is acquired as a function of its power after passing through the sample. If the thermal properties of the solvent are known, one can directly obtain η by measuring the sample optical absorption and the rings produced by CD. Otherwise, if the thermal properties of the sample are unknown, an additional measurement with the same solvent containing nonfluorescent molecules (blue-black ink, for instance) for thermal SPM generation is also needed. In this case, besides determination of η, one can also find the thermal conductivity (K) of the unknown solvent provided that the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) is independently measured. K values obtained with this approach are in good agreement with the literature. CD technique was applied in rhodamine 6 G and a chromophore derivative of vitamin B6 in different solvents. Therefore, the present method may serve as a low-cost optical approach for η determination in liquid samples and for K measurements in unknown solutions.

The reason for red streaks on dermoscopy in the distal part of a subungual hemorrhage.

The reason for red streaks on dermoscopy in the distal part of a subungual hemorrhage.

Single step modified ink staining for Tzanck test: Quick detection of herpetic giant cells in Tzanck smear

Tzanck test has been recently re-evaluated as a method for the diagnosis of herpes virus infection. Giemsa staining for the Tzanck test is time-consuming and laborious. There is a need to develop simple and quick staining methods for bedside diagnosis of this disease. We report a single step and quick method for staining herpes giant cells in Tzanck smears using routinely available inks and physiological saline. A keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) was cultured on a slide glass and stained with various commercially available blue, blue-black and black inks serially diluted with physiological saline. Clinical smear samples from herpes lesions were also stained with these solutions without specific pretreatment. The nuclei of HaCaT were clearly stained showing high contrast with the cytoplasm using 5% Parker-Quink blue-black ink saline solution. Concentration of ink solution higher or lower than 5% resulted in less contrast. Blue or black inks or other manufacturers' inks can also be used, but staining of the cultured keratinocytes was less clear. Smear of clinical samples from herpes lesions were also stained with 5% ink solution. The nuclei of the multinucleated giant cells were clearly stained, and the sample could be immediately used for microscopic examination. One step staining of Tzanck smear using this diluted ink solution is an inexpensive and a convenient bedside diagnostic tool for the dermatologist.

Minding the aesthetic: The place of the literacy in education and research

“Beauty is truth, truth beauty,”—that is all Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know. (From Keats: “Ode on a Grecian Urn”) (Ricks, 1999) It is easy enough to think of these lines from “Ode on a Grecian Urn” as a mere slogan. But I do not think it is. The nature of knowledge and its relationship to the imagination was one of the great Romantic themes, and we know that Keats thought long and hard about it, probably during lectures he attended during the three years he spent training in medicine. On 1 October 1815, Keats entered Guy’s Hospital for more formal training. Henry Stephens, a classmate and later the inventor of blueblack ink, described the would-be poet: Whilst attending lectures, he [Keats] would sit & instead of Copying out the lecture, would often scribble some doggerel rhymes, among the Notes of Lecture, particularly if he got hold of another Student’s Syllabus—In my Syllabus of Chemical Lectures he scribbled many lines on the paper cover. (The life of John Keats, 2004, pp. 9–11) I think I need to say to my audience who do enjoy singing the binomial theorem or chanting the periodic table in the shower that I do not see the arts and sciences employing diametrically opposed modes of cognition ... but more of that later. So what might be meant by an equation of truth with beauty? My thinking can be encapsulated in three statements: • The awareness of pattern is central to human meaning-making. • Form is the aesthetic face of knowledge. • There is a pleasure in form. These three statements suggest three phrases in aesthetic knowledge production. The first relates to perception or intuition, an awareness of relationship between events or qualities. The second relates to the emergence or embodiment of this awareness into something durable (a painting, poem or equation) or something

Microwave-Enhanced Ink Staining for Fast and Sensitive Protein Quantification in Proteomic Studies

A novel microwave-enhanced ink staining method was developed for rapid and sensitive estimation of protein content in sample buffers containing chaotropes, dyes, detergents, and reducing agents. Dye-based Blue-Black ink was used to quantitatively visualize proteins spotted on a nitrocellulose membrane. The total staining time was greatly reduced to 3 min by brief exposure to microwave radiation. The stained membrane was washed with distilled water, baked in a microwave oven for complete desiccation, transparentized with mineral oil, and documented by a desktop scanner or densitometer. Only 1 microL of protein sample (protein solubilized in SDS-PAGE sample buffer or IEF rehydration buffer) was used for protein spotting. The novel solid-phase protein assay gives a 500-fold dynamic range from 19.5 to 10000 ng/microL and can be scaled up for high-throughput protein quantification analysis. The fast, sensitive and low-cost microwave-enhanced ink staining procedure is ideal for protein quantification in proteomic analysis.

Role of Malassezia yeast (Pityrosporum) in seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD).

The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of Pityrosporum species in the patients with seborrheic dermatitis (SD) and compare the colonization rate with normal healthy individuals. Comparative study. Dermatology Department, Military Hospital and Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi from 01 March 1996 to 28 February 1997. Fifty patients with clinically diagnosed seborrheic dermatitis were included in this study. Fifty normal healthy individual with matched age and gender were included as control subjects. Three samples from each effected sites were taken from 2 cm2 area. Identical sites in control subjects were also sampled. These samples were examined under the microscope after treating with 10% potassium hydroxide and staining with parker blue black ink for the presence of Pityrosporum yeast cells. The specimen were also inoculated in special lipid enriched media, incubated at 37 degrees C for 4-6 days. Out of 50 patients, Pityrosporum yeast cells were seen microscopically in 37 (74%), and the cultures were positive in 43 (86%). Among the normal individuals yeast cells were seen microscopically in 23 (46%) and the cultures were positive in 22 (44%). The colonization rate of Pityrosporum species was higher in the seborrheic dermatitis patients. It might be playing a causative role in the aetiology of this disease.

Pityrosporum folliculitis in the Philippines: Diagnosis, prevalence, and management

Sixty-eight typical cases were studied to define the course of Pityrosporum folliculitis in a tropical setting. Contrary to reports in the literature, we found Pityrosporum folliculitis to be polymorphic. The "molluscoid" comedopapule was the most characteristic and common lesion, and it yielded consistently high spore counts. The face was commonly involved. To establish the diagnosis, we used direct microscopy of potassium hydroxide/Parker blue-black ink mounts of the lower poles of comedonal plugs. Pityrosporum folliculitis is common in the Philippines, although our adult controls had a low incidence of skin carriage of Pityrosporum orbiculare on the face compared with those reported in the West. Pityrosporum folliculitis coexisted with acne vulgaris in 56% of patients, and the addition of antimycotics to the acne regimen produced dramatic clearing of lesions.

A Study on the Spread of Rectangular Jets (The Mixing Layer Near the Jet Exit and Visualization by the Dye Method

The characteristics of the air jets issuing from two kinds of exit shapes with an aspect ratio of 5 were measured at the first half of the experiment. Discrepancies between the orifice-type jet and the nozzle-type jet with a parallel part are clarified for two bilaterally symmetric planes of the jets. At the latter half of the experiment, submerged jets, colored by blue-black ink, are issued into a water tank and observed for exits of different exit shapes and aspect ratios. The observed flow types corresponded to the already known characteristics of the jet spread in the two bilatellary symmetric planes. In addition, it is interesting to find that the relative magnitude of the spread in the planes changed twice. This is also the case for both the nozzle- and orifice -type jets with a small exit velocity (a low Reynolds number).

A study on the spread of the rectangular jets. 3rd Report. Mixing-layer near the jet exit and visualization by the dye-method.

First, measured results are presented of some characteristics of jets issuing from two kinds of exit shapes with an aspect ratio of 5. The discrepancies between the orifice-type jet and the nozzle-type jet with a long parallel part are clarified in two bilaterally symmetric planes of the jets. Secondly, submerged jets, coloured by blue-black ink, issued into a water tank are observed for exits of different shapes and aspect ratios. The observed flow-types correspond to the already-known characteristics of jet spread in the two bilaterally symmetric planes. In addition, it is found that the relative magnitude of the jet spread in the planes change twice, also in the case of a small exit velocity (a low Reynolds number), for both nozzle and orifice-type jets.

色素法による平板に衝突する噴流の流れ様式の観察

Flow visualizatione xperiments were conducted in a water submerged jet to study impingement flow from a long channel with a rectangular exit of aspect ratio five as well as from the one with a circular exit. The flow-types on a large flat plate were observed and classified with the dye-method by mixing blue-black ink with the efflux water. As parameters for the data, the distance from the exit to the plate, the exit velocity( Reynolds number) and the impinging angle caused by rotation of the flat plate around the exit major axis were taken. It is found that: even at normal impingemen tangle the impingement jet of a shorter distance from the rectangular exit to the flat plate flows only along the directions of the exit minor axis; the change of flow direction on the flat plate highly depends on the distance from the exit to the flat plate and on the exit velocity( Reynolds number); and the spreads on the flat plate become larger in case of the turbulent jet impingement than in case of the laminar one. It is postulated that the overall flow field may be strongly influenced by the entrainment of the turbulent flows as well as the arrangement of the exit and the flat plate.

The investigation of superficial fungal infections by skin surface biopsy.

SUMMARY The skin surface biopsy technique using a cyanoacrylate contact cement was employed for the diagnosis and study of superficial mycoses. The biopsy specimens were used for quick direct examination after treatment with potassium hydroxide and blue-black ink, direct examination after staining with the periodic-acid Schiff method, fungal culture and scanning electron microscopy. Skin surface biopsies were taken from 124 patients for one or more of these purposes. Direct examination and culture of the specimens proved simple, and reliable for diagnostic use in clinical practice. In addition, the morphology of the infective agent could easily be studied in detail in its in vivo arrangement in the intact sheets of horny layer, either in stained preparations or under the scanning electron microscope.

INK BLUE AS A PH INDICATOR FOR CERTAIN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS.

THE observation that commercial blue-black ink poured on to the uncolonized agar of a Petri dish culture of Trichophyton mentagrophytes became discoloured in the region of the dermatophyte, but not of a contaminating mould, led to further investigation of this phenomenon. A solution of one of the major constituents of blue-black ink—ink blue (supplied by Imperial Chemical Industries as ‘Ink Blue AS’ crystals)—behaved similarly, and it seemed probable that the clearing was caused by either pH or Eh conditions around the colony. The response of Ink Blue to changes of this kind was initially examined in aqueous solution.

SUBSTITUTION OF INGREDIENT IN RAPID FUNGUS STAIN.

Swartz and Lamkins combined dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (an ionic wetting agent), potassium hydroxide, and Parker's Super Quink permanent blue-black ink to form a simple, inexpensive stain which produced fewer artifacts and less damage to the microscope. 1 Aerosol OTB 1%, a product of American Cyanamid and Chemical Corporation, was used in the formula as a source of the dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate. Their 1 pharmacy stocked this material, but others may find that the wetting agent may be more easily secured from their pharmacies as a capsule intended for use as a laxative, Dioctyll Capsules (Person and Covey) or Doxinate (Lloyd Brothers). A 1% solution of the dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate can be made by putting one capsule of the laxative in 25 cc of distilled water. Edgar F. Luton, MD, Veterans Administration Hospital, Park Avenue and Getwell Street, Memphis, Tenn 38111. Generic and Trade Names of Drugs Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate—Colace, Doxinate.

Rapid and easy method for staining spirochetes with fountain pen ink.

THERE are two major techniques for staining spirochetes.¹One consists of impregnating the spirochetes with a dye or metallic ion and rendering it visible against a light background, e. g., by use of silver impregnation and carbol-methylviolet stain.²The other consists of rendering the unstained spirochetes visible by making the background black with staining, e. g., by using India ink preparations. Treponema pallidum from Case 11 stained with Parker 51 blue-black ink. The methods described in the past have all had the disadvantage of being rather complicated and time-consuming in preparation.³Salles Gomes⁴reported a simple technique of staining Treponema pertenue and other spirochetes with Parker 51 superchrome blue-black ink. This ink contains, according to the manufacturer, a special patented dye called diaminostilbene disulfonic acid coupled to two moles of 1-amino-8-naphthol-2,4 disulfonic (Chicago) acid. It also contains 0.67% sodium hydroxide. Unfortunately, no other details were