Blood Worm Research Articles

Evaluating Black Soldier Fly and Bloodworm Larvae Meals as Sustainable Protein Sources for Growth and Survival of Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) in the Nursery Phase

Aims: This study aimed to assess the effects of using insect larvae meals, such as BSF and BW larvae, as alternative feeds to commercial pellets on the growth performance and survival of Oreochromis spp. at the nursery stage. Study Design: This study followed the randomized control treatment with three different diet. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Fisheries Research Institute Glami Lemi (FRIGL) in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, within 35 days from July to August 2023. Methodology: A total of 360 red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) fingerlings weighing 0.62 ± 0.06 g were randomly distributed into 12 rectangular aquarium tanks (250mm) at a stocking density of 30 fish per tank. They were fed with commercial pellets (CP), Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae, and Bloodworm (BW). The feed amount was calculated at 10% of the total body weight per tank, with feeding conducted three times daily. The experimental setup was performed in triplicate. For the analysis of growth performances and fish survival, sampling was conducted weekly. Results: BSF larvae meal had high lipid and protein content, measuring 35.35 ± 0.21% and 29.67 ± 0.98%, respectively. BW larvae meal also showed high lipid and protein content, with 28.23 ± 1.33% and 27.94 ± 0.52%, respectively. Fish fed with BSF and BW larvae exhibited significantly higher survival rates, 93.3 ± 3.3% and 86.7 ± 14.5%, respectively, compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the group fed with the commercial pellet showed the lowest survival rate, just 74.4 ± 12.6%. Fish fed with the BW larvae recorded the highest weight gain, 1.07 ± 0.16 g, followed by fish fed with BSF larvae, 0.66 ± 0.11 g, and then fish fed with commercial pellets, 0.41 ± 0.09 g. Conclusion: Both BSF and BW larvae exhibited significant growth response properties to tilapia fingerings compared to commercial pellets. The findings from this study are promising and should be further verified at the farm scale.

Growth and Color Brightness of Glofish Fed Natural and Artificial Diets In Cianjur District, West Java Province

It is known that natural feed, in addition to being preferred because it moves, also has dyes that make the color of ornamental fish more contrasting than artificial feed. The purpose of this study is to find out which type of natural feed (Silk Worm (Tubifex sp.), Daphnia sp., Frozen Blood Worm) and artificial feed, which is more effective against the growth and brightness of the color of Glofish Starfire Red, which will be carried out in August 2024-October 2024 in Cianjur Regency, West Java Province. The study was conducted using an experimental method using a Complete Random Design (RAL) with 4 treatments and 3 replicates. The treatment given is as follows: A (Research using natural feed Daphnia sp, B (Research using natural feed Bloodwarm/Chironomidae, C (Research using natural feed Tubifex sp), D (Research using artificial feed). The parameters observed were Absolute Length Growth, Absolute Weight Growth, Specific Growth Rate and Color Brightness, to analyze the color brightness of Starfire Red fish using https://redketchup.io color comparison.

Pengaruh Pemberian Cacing Darah (Chironomus sp.) Kering Terhadap Kecerahan Warna Ikan Guppy (Peocilia reticulata)

This research aims to analyze the effect of adding natural blood worms (Chironomus sp) to the feed on the color of guppy fish (P. reticulate). The research was carried out for 50 days, at the Fish Production and Reproduction Laboratory, Mataram University using experimental methods with a completely randomized design (RAL ) consisting of 4 treatments and 3 repetitions, namely: A: Control feed (100%) B: 75% control feed and 25% dried blood worms C: 50% control feed and 50% dried blood worms and D: Control feed 25% and 75% dried blood worms. Test parameters include carotenoid content, brightness of fish color, absolute weight, specific growth rate, survival and water quality. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Duncan test. The results of the research show that dried blood worms have the potential to be a source of natural carotenoids in increasing color brightness and do not have a negative impact on the growth and survival of guppy fish. The addition of up to 50% dried blood worms to the formulated feed was able to increase the color brightness of guppy fish with a Lightness (L*) value of 56.95, Redness (a*) of -0.09, Yellowness (b*) of 14.84 , Hue is 258.01 and Chroma value is 110.12

Pencegahan Schistosomiasis Menggunakan Ekstrak Biji Pinang di Desa Alitupu

Schistosomiasis is a disease condition that can be acute or chronic, caused by infection with Schistosoma blood worms from the genus Schistosoma. This disease is endemic in Central Sulawesi Province. Transmission occurs through water containing Schistosoma worm larvae (cercariae) and Oncomelania water snails. Hopefully, this service can educate the public about schistosomiasis and anticipate the prevention of schistosomiasis in Alitupu Village District. North Lore, Kab. Poso. Lectures were carried out in this community service activity, and satisfaction levels were calculated using 20 respondents. The instrument used for this service is a questionnaire. This service was carried out in Alitupu Village, District. North Lore, Kab. Poso, Central Sulawesi. The results of the community satisfaction assessment showed that, in general, partners were satisfied with the activities (85%) and community understanding (85%), and 85% of the material delivered was in line with community expectations and needs. Based on the results of community satisfaction, it can be concluded that the community is delighted (83.3%).

Effect of Different Natural Feeding (Blood Worm, Silk Worm, and Water Fleas) on The Growth of Betta Fish (Betta sp.)

One type of freshwater ornamental fish that is in great demand by the public is Betta fish (Betta sp.). The problem faced by Betta fish cultivation activity is inappropriate feed, for example feed with low protein content. Low protein causes slow growth in fish. This study aims to determine the effect of different natural feeds (silk worms, blood worms, water fleas, and controls) on the growth of Betta fish. The results showed that there was a significant effect (p<0.05) on the growth and specific growth rate of betta fish. However, there was no significant effect (p>0.05) of different natural feeding on the survival rate parameter. The highest result showed in treatment B (silk worm) with a weight value of 1.09 g, a length of 4.48 cm, and specific growth rate value of 1.77 ± 1.768. It can be concluded that silk worm is the best natural feeding for betta fish.

Effect of different amounts of green mussel shell (Perna viridis) on the reproductive and spawning rate of the endemic Ajamaru Lake rainbowfish (Melanotaenia ajamaruensis Allen &amp; Cross, 1980)

Ajamaru Rainbowfish (Melanotaenia ajamaruensis) is an endemic species of Lake Ajamaru, Papua, Indonesia, and inhabits water at a pH of 6.5 – 8.5. However, the reproductive rate of the Ajamaru rainbowfish and what factors influence it are not widely known. This study aimed to determine the reproductive capacity of the Ajamaru Rainbowfish. A pair of male and female fish with a ratio of 1:1 were used during the study. The pH of the water was increased by adding different amounts of Perna viridis green mussel shells. The dosages used for the treatments were 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g/l, with three replications for 30 days in the Jakarta Technical University of Fisheries Laboratory. Fish spawned naturally every two days for 30 days. Fish fed blood worms 5% of their weight. The parameters observed were the calcium content of mussel shells and water media, water quality (pH, alkalinity, temperature, and oxygen), spawning frequency, number of eggs, fertilization rate, and hatching rate. The results showed that 2 g/l green mussel shells gave the highest value at 15 spawning times, fertilization rate/FR was 97.16%, hatching rate/HR (%) was 97.93, and 537.67 ± 89.37 larvae. Increase in pH 7.42-7.7 from 6.45-6.47.

Juniperus horizontalis Moench: Chemical Composition, Herbicidal and Insecticidal Activities of Its Essential Oil and of Its Main Component, Sabinene

The composition, herbicidal, larvicidal, and toxic activities of Juniperus horizontalis Moench essential oil and sabinene, its main component, were evaluated. The seed germination percentage and root length of eight different plant species (crops and weeds) were measured for in vitro herbicidal activity tests. Different doses (100, 50, 10, 5, 1, 0.5 µg/mL) of the samples were applied to seeds for 120 h. The same doses were applied to test the toxicity of the samples on Tubifex tubifex (sludge worm) and Chironomus aprilinus (blood worm). Four doses (435, 652.5, 870, and 1740) of samples were in a larvicidal test on Tenebrio molitor L. (mealworm), and bioassays were checked after 24 and 48 h. The analysis of the oil allowed for the identification of dominant components as sabinene (38.7%), α-pinene (10.0%), elemol (8.6%), γ-terpinene (8.3%), limonene (7.8%) and α-thujene (5.3%). The results showed that the effect of oil on root length inhibition was significant in all crop species. The doses which affected root growth were not toxic to Tubifex tubifex and Chironomus aprilinus. Finally, the obtained results in the larvicidal bioassay indicate that the potential of J. horizontalis in yellow mealworm survivorship limitation can be a starting point for future research.

The effect of different feed on Ctenopoma (Ctenopoma acutirostre) production through survival rate and growth

This study aimed to determine the effects of different feed on growth rate and survival rate of Ctenopoma (Ctenopoma acutirostre). Ctenopoma used in this study had weight 0,65 grams each from 300 fish and maintained in aquarium with dimention 20 cm x 20 cm x 20 cm used densities 5 fish/litre. This study used Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were A (silk worms), B (freezed blood worms), C (freezed artemia), D (freezed daphnia), and E (commercial feed). This study conducted for 60 days rearing with observed parameters such as spesific growth rate, length, weight, and survival rate. The data were analyst descriptively. Samples data were recorded and conducted on day 0, day 10, day 20, day 30, day 40, day 50, and day 60th. Treatment A were resulted highest growth with weight of 1.94 gram, SGR of 2.28%, and length of 1.38 cm although showed no different on survival rate.

Potential use of synthetic and natural aromatic mixtures in prevention from Shelfordella lateralis сockroaches

Attractive and repellent properties of many household chemicals may be used to combat synantrophic insects, such as cockroaches. In the natural environment, Shelfordella lateralis (Walker, 1868) (Blattodea, Blattidae) lives in the area spanning Central Asia to North Africa. Furthermore, in many tropical and subtropical countries, it is common in human accomodations. In the laboratory conditions, we determined reaction of cockroaches to aromatic mixtures and medicinal plants often used in households. Attractiveness coefficient was the lowest for cosmetic mixtrures Tutti-fruti and Verbena and Bamboo; other cosmetic aromatizers did not repell this insect (Lilac, Mango) or repelled it poorly (Grapefruit, Amaretto, Pine). Food additives that significantly repelled Sh. lateralis are Apricot, Barberry and Kiwi and lower effects were produced by Biscuit, whereas Vanilla flavouring had no repellent effect. Mixtures for vaping Strawberry pie, Pear, Frozen forest, Irish Cream and Blue Magic exerted strong repellent effects on cockroaches. Low repellent effect on Sh. lateralis were exerted by vaping mixtures Pancakes with Honey, Turkish Tobacco and Grapefruit. No significant effects on the number of cockroaches were exerted by vaping mixtures Vanilla, Club Ice Cream, Blueberry Smoke, Mojito, Chocolate, Apple, Mint and Walnut. Out of the fishing lures, the strongest repellent effects on Sh. lateralis were taken by Blood Worm, Onion and Honey, and weaker effects were exerted by Corn and Vanilla. Imagoes of Sh. lateralis were most significantly repelled by essential oils from jojoba, eucalyptus, daisy, tee tree, Cao Sao Vang balsam, and also fir essential oil. Neither luring nor repellent effects on imagoes of Sh. lateralis were displayed by essential oils from lemon, aloe, peppermint and mandarin. Dry medicinal plants repelled imagoes of Sh. lateralis: inflorescences of Calendula officinalis, leaves of Artemisia absinthium, flowers of Jasminum officinale, leaves of Origanum vulgare, inflorescences of Matricaria chamomilla, inflorescences of Crataegus monogyna, leaves of Mentha x piperita, inflorescences of Achillea millefolium, leaves of Hypericum perforatum, leaves of Aristolochia clematitis and inflorescences of Tanacetum vulgare. No repellent effects on Sh. lateralis were exerted by Chelidonium majus, inflorescences of Tilia cordata and inflorescences of Helichrysum arenarium. Thus, most (40 of 58, or 69.0%) of the tested aromatic substances and medicinal plants repelled synantrophic Turkestan cockroach, while a much smaller share (31.0%) neither significantly lured nor repelled them. No aromatic mixtures attracted Sh. lateralis in our experiment.

The Importance of Artificial Rearing of Chironomidae Insect (Blood Worm) as Fish and Shrimp Food

The chironomidae family is related to Order of Diptera. They are called non biting midges. Females will lay egg masses in water. The larva feed on organic material such as organic debris and algae. Due to having hemoglobin in their larval blood, they are called bloodworm. They are able to live in a complete absence of oxygen for several hours. Hemoglobin molecules in the blood bind and hold a reserve supply of oxygen. Chironomus as indicators of organic pollution in aquatic environment. Chironomids were important in the diets of all fish species as well as shrimps. Bloodworms are harvested from mud flats and sold to fisherman or as a food source for domestic pets. In the world there are several centers for artificial rearing of this insect. There are different formulations of blood form which is prepared by different companies in the world. Rearing and artificial culturing this insect is important resource for fishes and shrimps which are the mina important food of human being.

Detection of food in immature and adult stages of water scavenger beetle, Hydrophilus acuminatus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)

AbstractThe water scavenger beetle, Hydrophilus acuminatus (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), has two types of feeding modes: carnivorous during the larval stage and omnivorous during the adult stage. To investigate how the beetles detect food, larvae were provided with pond snails and snail visceral mass and adults were provided with algae and thawed blood worms. Larvae found snails and visceral mass hidden in the filter paper (only “smell” could be used); however, visceral mass was found 22–27 minutes sooner than snails, 40–53 minutes. Time to find the visceral mass that was exposed (all senses could be used) or hidden (only “smell” could be used) showed similar values, 5.4–8.0 or 7.6–8.5 minutes, respectively. Adults found algae exposed on the filter paper in 54 ± 73 minutes (mean ± standard deviation), whereas no adults found the algae hidden in the filter paper. In contrast, all adults found the thawed blood worms in the exposed (10.3 ± 13 minutes) and hidden conditions (11.0 ± 12.7 minutes). Adults did not show feeding behaviour towards the algae or thawed blood worms in the transparent microtube (only “sight” could be used). These suggest that larvae use smell, whereas adults use smell and touch and/or taste to detect their food.

The Effectiveness Of Providing Different Natural Feed Types Of Swordtail (Xiphophorus Helleri) Broodstock On Crude Birth Rate (Cbr)

&lt;p&gt;The most important factor in speeding up fish depends on the food given. The feed given was in the &lt;br /&gt;form of artificial feed (pellets) because of the practicality of its availability. However, commercially &lt;br /&gt;made feed was of course more expensive, and can pollute the air compared to natural feed which was &lt;br /&gt;easy and can be in the surrounding environment. For this reason, it was necessary to look for natural &lt;br /&gt;feed as an effective and efficient alternative feed to ripen the gonads of male and female swordtail. &lt;br /&gt;The research used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions and arranged &lt;br /&gt;randomly. Treatment by giving different natural food to the broodstock swordtail: treatment A &lt;br /&gt;(commercial pellets), B (Daphnia/Moina), C (blood worms) and D (mosquito larvae feed). Each &lt;br /&gt;broodstock treatment used was 27 females and 9 males (ratio 1: 3). The results of water quality &lt;br /&gt;measurements of all treatments with an average DO 4 mg/L, temperature 26 to 27&lt;br /&gt;o&lt;br /&gt;C, pH 7-8 and 30 &lt;br /&gt;mg/L hardness, thus showing the water quality during the research, the water condition was suitable &lt;br /&gt;for the maintenance of broodstock of swordtail, so that it supported growth. and breed of swordtail &lt;br /&gt;to produce tillers. The results showed that the highest average birth rate of swordtail broodstock &lt;br /&gt;produced in treatment D were 141 fish followed by treatment B 125 fish, then treatment C of 117 fish. &lt;br /&gt;and the lowest was in treatment A with a birth rate of 102 fish.&lt;/p&gt;

Blood Worms.

Blood Worms.

PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN IKAN SELUANG ASAL PULAU BANGKA (Brevibora dorsiocellata) DENGAN PEMBERIAN PAKAN BERBEDA DALAM WADAH BUDIDAYA PADA SKALA LABORATORIUM DI TAHAP AWAL DOMESTIKASI

This research aimed to evaluated the growth performance of eyespot rasbora (Brevibora dorsiocellata) feeding with different feed in cultured conditions on early stage of domestication. The fishes was collected from river among Balunijuk Village, Bangka Residence. It’s conducted on February until March 2019 at Laboratory of Aquaculture Sub-Laboratory of Hatchery, University of Bangka Belitung. A kinds of feed on this tretment was blood worms (Tubificidae) and commercial feed (pellet). The parameters observed in this research was surival rates, absolute weight and length and feed consumptions level. The result showed that the survival value ranged on 90-100%., the absolute weight was 0,12±0,02 until 0,17±0,02 grams, the absolute length was 0,69±0,17 until 0,79±0,06 cm and a feed consumptions level was 10±0,58 until 11±1,00 gram. In common, the eyespot rasbora (Brevibora dorsiocellata) showed the postively responses on early stage of domestications with different feed on cultured medium.Keywords : Bangka Island, Brevibora dosrsiocellata, Domestication, Eyespot Rasbora

The effect of feed larvae Chironomus sp. and high pellet protein to seedling goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Goldfish production increase in four years, specifically 66,823,000 in 2010 to 72,997,000 in 2014. The increment of goldfish production growth altogether with problems which is a discontinuity of fry stock. The solution for this problem is the purpose of this study, which is understood techniques in Goldfish (Carassius auratus) hatchery. The feed given to goldfish brood is blood worms (Chironomus sp. larvae) and pellets with a ratio of 50:50 as much as 3% of the biomass. Goldfish hatchery techniques involve broodstock cultivation, spawning techniques, larval development observation, and larval cultivation. Two kinds of Goldfish used, namely Oranda and Mutiara Goldfish. The results of Oranda goldfish spawning and Mutiara goldfish spawning consecutively are Fecundity 875 eggs, FR 94%, HR 91.83%, SR 93.04% and Fecundity 3850 eggs, FR 93.66%, HR 92.48%, and SR 91.10%. Larval development observation includes embryogenesis until post-hatched larval. Larval cultivation consists of giving various types of feeds, which are artemia nauplii (for 3-7 days old larval), Moina (for 7-14 days old larval), and blood worm or tubifex (> 14 days old larval). Fertilized goldfish eggs will develop through several phases, including zygotes, initial cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, pharyngula, egg hatching, and development of larvae after hatching.

Macroinvertebrate structure and diversity in nutrient-rich ephemeral pools in Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria

This study used the Macroinvertebrate fauna to assess the ecological status and uniqueness of temporary, ephemeral pools in Delta state university, Abraka from 26th to 28th of October 2018, using standard methods. Among the studied environmental parameters, nitrate alone was significantly different among the pools (p&lt;0.05). The pools macroinvertebrates handicapped supported seventeen taxa only from sixteen (16) families with a total of 460 individuals belonging to Odonata (28.91%) Oligochaeta (26.09%), Diptera (24.57%) Hemiptera(12.39),Gastropoda (4.35%), Coleoptera(3.48%), and Arachnida (0.22%) in order of dominance. The pools macroinvertebrates dominated by the group odonatan of the class Insecta. (Lumbricus terrestis Linnaeus 1758) (pollution-sensitive) found dead in the pools, low diversity indices(total taxa, Margalef index, dominance, and the Shannon diversity index), the occurrence and predominant of chironomus larvae (pollution-resistant worms) at the species level (24.57%) sign deteriorated water quality. The high number of resistant blood worms, low numbers of Gyrinus and Coleoptera is suggestive that they are suitable biological indicators of high concentration of the studied parameters in the pools and thus can be bioindicators of impaired water bodies.

PENGARUH JENIS PAKAN YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP IKAN MANFISH (Pterophyllum scalare)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis pakan yang menunjang pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup yang tinggi untuk ikan Manfish. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 30 hari, yang bertempat di Instalasi Sendiri. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah pemberian pakan yang berbeda dan masing-masing perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu : Perlakuan 0 (kontrol) : pemberian pakan menggunakan tubifex, Perlakuan 1 : pemberian pakan mengunakan jentik nyamuk, Perlakuan 2 : pemberian pakan mengunakan udang rebon, Perlakuan 3 : pemberian pakan kombinasi cacing darah dan udang rebon. Parameter yang di amati yaitu, panjang mutlak, berat mutlak, pertumbuhan spesifik, tingkat kelangsungan hidup dan kualitas air. Hasil menunjukkan setiap perlakuan tidak adanya pengaruh nyata perbedaan jenis pakan terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan manfish.

Stag Beetle Elytra: Localized Shape Retention and Puncture/Wear Resistance.

Beetles are by far one of the most successful groups of insects, with large diversity in terms of number of species. A part of this success is attributed to their elytra, which provide various functions such as protection to their bodies from mechanical forces. In this study, stag beetle (Lucanus cervus) elytra were first examined for their overall flexural properties and were observed to have a localized shape-retaining snap-through mechanism, which may play a possible role in partly absorbing impact energy, e.g., during battles and falls from heights. The snap-through mechanism was validated using theoretical calculations and also finite element simulations. Elytra were also characterized to examine their puncture and wear resistance. Our results show that elytra have a puncture resistance that is much higher than that of mandible bites. The measured values of modulus and hardness of elytra exocuticle were 10.3 ± 0.8 GPa and 0.7 ± 0.1 GPa, respectively. Using the hardness-to-modulus ratio as an indicator of wear resistance, the estimated value was observed to be in the range of wear-resistant biological material such as blood worms (Glyrcera dibranchiata). Thus, our study demonstrates different mechanical properties of the stag beetle elytra, which can be explored to design shape-retaining bio-inspired composites with enhanced puncture and wear resistance.

First record of Glycera guatemalensis and G. sphyrabrancha (Annelida: Glyceridae) from Western Mexico

Introduction: Glycerides, commonly called “blood worms”, are relatively thin polychaetes that reach considerable sizes. They have been reported for all the seas of the world from the intertidal zone to abyssal depths. Objective: Evidence the presence of two species of Glycera for the littorals of the Mexican Pacific. Methods: An analysis of the glycerides of the Pacific coast of Mexico was carried out, finding two species that were collected, one of shrimp trawl at a depth of 18 meters off Puertecitos, Baja California, as well as by manual sampling in the intertidal zone of Concepción Bay, Baja California Sur in the Gulf of California. For their taxonomic determination, morphological characters of greater relevance for their identification were examined, such as jaws, aileron shape, parapodia, chaetae, and the type of pharyngeal papillae. Results: We diagnosed and schematized Glycera guatemalensis Böggemann &amp; Fiege, 2001 and Glycera sphyrabrancha Schmarda, 1861. Conclusions: Glycera guatemalensis described for Guatemala and Glycera sphyrabrancha described for Jamaica, are recorded for the first time for the Gulf of California.

Numerical simulation of the mathematical model of treated Schistosomiasis spread

Schistosomiasis is one of infectious disease caused by a trematoda or blood worm, classified as Schistosoma genus. One species of Schistosoma genus that endemically exist in Napu valley, Besoa and Lindu highland Central Sulawesi Indonesia is Schistosoma Japonicum. This paper governs a mathematical model that represents the Schistosomiasis spread which consider praziquantel as a treatment that given to the infected human. The SI model is addapted to the human population, besides the Schistosoma Japonicum life cycle. The oncomelania hupensis lindoensis growth is assumed to follow the logistic growth model. The stability of the governed model is analyzed by the Jacobian matrix at the critical points. There an unstable disease free and a stable endemic critical point. The stability is guaranteed by the existence requirement of the critical point that is the recruitment rate parameter. Another requirement parameter to be needed is the death rate of the mature worm. The research result also shows that the using of 60 mg doses of praziquantel, to the infected human subpopulation, indicates the reduction of the number of both infected human and the mature worm. We also come to the bifurcation point B = μS where the system gives a different characteristic.