Blood Sodium Research Articles

The sodium correction factor for dogs undergoing treatment for a hyperglycemic crisis is a 1.6-mEq/L decrease in sodium per 100-mg/dL increase in glucose.

To determine the sodium correction factor for clinical use in hyperglycemic diabetic dogs. Retrospective analysis of 76 hospitalization episodes from 67 different dogs presenting to the University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital between January 1, 2015, and January 1, 2023. For each hospitalization episode, paired blood sodium and glucose concentration measurements were recorded from the time of presentation until glucose concentration was ≤ 201 mg/dL. Therapies administered, primary diagnosis, and concurrent diseases were also recorded for each episode. A linear mixed model was used to determine the sodium correction factor per 100-mg/dL increase in glucose. Piecewise linear mixed models were also constructed for blood glucose measurements ≤ 400 mg/dL and > 400 mg/dL to explore potential correction factor differences between low and high glucose concentrations. A sodium correction factor of a 1.6-mEq/L (95% CI, 1.3 to 1.9 mEq/L) decrease in sodium concentration per 100-mg/dL increase in blood glucose concentration was calculated. Differences in the correction factor between conditions of low and high glucose concentrations could not be determined due to a small sample size of blood glucose values > 400 mg/dL. Most dogs received similar treatments throughout the study period, including balanced isotonic crystalloids (97% [74/76]), electrolyte supplementation (84% [64/76]), and regular insulin (97% [74/76]). Almost all patients (93% [71/76]) had 1 or more concurrent diseases. A sodium correction factor of 1.6 mEq/L (decrease in sodium per 100-mg/dL increase in glucose) is recommended for clinical use in hyperglycemic diabetic dogs.

Comparison of early characteristics of multisystemic inflammatory syndrome and Kawasaki disease in children and the course of Kawasaki disease in the pandemic

IntroductionMultisystemic inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) is a newly described disease manifestation in children associated with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection and can be easily confused with Kawasaki disease with its clinical and laboratory findings. In this study, the clinical findings, organ involvements, similarities, and differences in laboratory and imaging of the children with MIS-C and KD at the time of admission will be revealed in detail, and the treatment methods and follow-up results will be revealed.Material and methodOur study was a single-center study and included pediatric patients who were treated with a diagnosis of MIS-C between March 2020 and July 2023 in the pediatric cardiology, pediatric emergency, pediatric infection, and pediatric intensive care clinics at Celal Bayar University and who were treated with a diagnosis of KD (complete/incomplete) between January 2015 and July 2023. MIS-C diagnosis was made according to the Turkish Ministry of Health COVID-19 guidelines. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical, laboratory, and echocardiography findings, treatments given, and clinical course of all patients included in the study were evaluated.ResultsThe median age was 30 months (7–84) in KD and 96 months (6-204) in MIS-C, and it was significantly higher in the MIS-C group (p = 0.000). Symptom duration was significantly longer in the MIS-C group (p = 0.000). In terms of clinical features, gastrointestinal syndrome findings (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain) and respiratory findings (dyspnea) were significantly higher in the MIS-C group (p = 0.007, p = 0.000, p = 0.002, respectively). Regarding cardiovascular system involvement, coronary involvement was significantly higher in the KD group. However, valvular involvement, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and pericardial effusion were significantly higher in the MIS-C group (p = 0.000, p = 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.023, respectively). In terms of laboratory findings, white blood cell count was higher in KD (p = 0.000), absolute lymphocyte count, platelet level, blood sodium, and albumin levels were lower in MIS-C group (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.003, respectively), ferritin and troponin levels were significantly higher in MIS-C group. These results were statistically significant (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, respectively). D-dimer and fibrinogen levels were high in both groups, and no significant statistical difference was detected between the two groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the length of hospitalization and mortality, but steroid use was significantly higher in the MIS-C group (p = 0.000).ConclusionIn conclusion, this study has demonstrated the similarities and differences between MIS-C and KD regarding clinical findings, organ involvement, and laboratory and imaging results. The results of our study have important implications in terms of contributing to the data in the existing literature on these two diseases and for the correct diagnosis and better management of pediatric patients presenting with these disorders.What is knownMultisystemic inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) is a newly described disease manifestation in children associated with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection and can be easily confused with Kawasaki disease with its clinical and laboratory findings.What is newAlthough MIS-C and KD have many similarities, their symptoms, disease processes, possible complications, and treatment regimens may differ.

Effects of normal saline versus isotonic balanced crystalloid on acid–base balance and renal functions in patients undergoing intracranial tumor resection surgeries

BackgroundNormal saline (NS) infusion in large volumes may result in hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and renal compromise. Balanced crystalloid (BC) with physiochemical composition akin to that of plasma may avoid these problems associated with NS. The present study aimed to evaluate effects of NS versus BC on acid–base balance and renal functions in patients undergoing intracranial tumor resection surgeries.MethodsFifty adult patients scheduled to undergo elective neurosurgery for intracranial tumor resection were randomized to receive either NS or BC as intraoperative or maintenance fluid. Metabolic and renal parameters were estimated prior to induction (baseline), at 1 h and 2 h after induction, at the end of surgery and 4 h after extubation. Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) was measured postoperatively. Brain relaxation score was assessed by the operating surgeon.ResultsBaseline values of variables were similar between the groups. At rest of the observed time-points, pH was significantly lower, while blood urea, serum creatinine, sodium, chloride, NGAL and plasma osmolality were significantly higher in the NS group as compared to the BC group. Brain relaxation score, serum bicarbonate and base excess were comparable between the two groups.ConclusionUse of balanced crystalloid (plasmalyte) resulted in better metabolic and renal profile as compared to normal saline in neurosurgical patients.

Racial differences in serological markers across the first year of injury in spinal cord injury: a retrospective analysis of a multi-center interventional study

Study designSecondary analysis of a randomized, multi-center, placebo-controlled study(Sygen®).ObjectivesTo evaluate racial differences in serological markers in individuals with spinal cord injury(SCI) across the first year of injury.SettingHospitals in North America.MethodsSerological markers (e.g.,cell count, liver, kidney, and pancreatic function, metabolism, and muscle damage) were assessed among 316 participants (247 White, 69 Black) at admission, weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, and 52 post-injury. Linear mixed models were employed to explore the main effects of time, race (Black vs. White), and their interaction, with adjustment of covariates such as study center, polytrauma, injury (level, completeness), treatment group, and sex.ResultsA main effect of race was observed where White individuals had higher alanine transaminase, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), BUN/Creatinine ratio, sodium, and chloride, while Black individuals had higher calcium, total serum protein, and platelets. For markers with interaction effects, post-hoc comparisons showed that at week 52, White individuals had higher mature neutrophils, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, albumin, and triglycerides, and Black individuals had higher amylase. Eosinophils, monocytes, red blood cells, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, cholesterol, partial thromboplastin time, urine specific gravity, urine pH, CO2, and inorganic phosphorus did not differ between races.ConclusionsOur results revealed racial differences in serological markers and underscores the importance of considering race as a determinant of physiological responses. Future studies are warranted to explore the causes and implications of these racial disparities to facilitate tailored clinical management and social policy changes that can improve health equity.

Association of Dynamic Trajectories of Time-Series Data and Life-Threatening Mass Effect in Large Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke.

Life-threatening, space-occupying mass effect due to cerebral edema and/or hemorrhagic transformation is an early complication of patients with middle cerebral artery stroke. Little is known about longitudinal trajectories of laboratory and vital signs leading up to radiographic and clinical deterioration related to this mass effect. We curated a retrospective data set of 635 patients with large middle cerebral artery stroke totaling 95,463 data points for 10 longitudinal covariates and 40 time-independent covariates. We assessed trajectories of the 10 longitudinal variables during the 72h preceding three outcomes representative of life-threatening mass effect: midline shift ≥ 5mm, pineal gland shift (PGS) > 4mm, and decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC). We used a "backward-looking" trajectory approach. Patients were aligned based on outcome occurrence time and the trajectory of each variable was assessed before that outcome by accounting for cases and noncases, adjusting for confounders. We evaluated longitudinal trajectories with Cox proportional time-dependent regression. Of 635 patients, 49.0% were female, and the mean age was 69years. Thirty five percent of patients had midline shift ≥ 5mm, 24.3% of patients had PGS > 4mm, and 10.7% of patients underwent DHC. Backward-looking trajectories showed mild increases in white blood cell count (10-11K/UL within 72h), temperature (up to half a degree within 24h), and sodium levels (1-3mEq/L within 24h) before the three outcomes of interest. We also observed a decrease in heart rate (75-65 beats per minute) 24h before DHC. We found a significant association between increased white blood cell count with PGS > 4mm (hazard ratio 1.05, p value 0.007). Longitudinal profiling adjusted for confounders demonstrated that white blood cell count, temperature, and sodium levels appear to increase before radiographic and clinical indicators of space-occupying mass effect. These findings will inform the development of multivariable dynamic risk models to aid prediction of life-threatening, space-occupying mass effect.

Blood Glucose and Sodium Level as Potential Indicators for Hospital Mortality among Patients with Acute Stroke in a Tertiary Hospital, India

ABSTRACT During acute stroke, blood glucose and sodium may fluctuate and act as a predictor for mortality. The purpose of the study was to predict potential indicators of in-hospital mortality, based on blood sugar and sodium. There were 60 participants, of which 30 were allotted to random blood glucose and 30 to blood sodium group. On admission demographic, clinical variables, RAAC scale, and mini-mental status examination were assessed. The RBS and blood sodium was assessed on admission and 10th day of admission for group A and group B, respectively. Both groups showed improvement in RBS/sodium towards normal on the 10th day of admission. No mortality in either group. Hospitalization days were more in group B.

Evaluation of Stored Whole Blood and Monitoring the Health of Dogs After Transfusion Using Fresh Whole Blood, Stored Whole Blood, and Packed Red Blood Cells

Blood products have been widely used in emergencies and treatment, necessitating optimal storage conditions to maintain quality. The current study aimed to evaluate the blood quality during storage, transfusion effectiveness, and reactions during and after transfusion in dogs. Five Greyhounds, including three males and two females aged 2.5 years old, and with 25-30 kg bodyweight, were selected and randomly labeled N1, N2, N3, N4, and N5. Fresh whole blood, stored whole blood, and packed red blood cells from the samples dogs were used for transfusion in the study. The investigated parameters were total protein (TP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), total carbon dioxide (tCO2¬), creatine kinase (CK), creatinine (CREA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose (GLU), white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), plaletes (PLT), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), chloride (Cl), manganese (Mg), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). The results indicated that all parameters of stored blood samples were in the normal range during 28 days of storage in a refrigerator at 2-4°C. However, some parameters (TP, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, MCV, tCO2, and K) increased, while others (CK, CREA, BUN, GLU, WBC, RBC, HCT, PLT, Ca, P, Cl, Mg, and Na) decreased during the storage period, especially Ca, P, and Na were below the normal range. All dogs indicated no reactions during and 5 hours after transfusion. However, dogs had symptoms of inappetence and mild diarrhea in 1-2 days after transfusion. Dogs received fresh whole blood recovered on day 3, while dogs of the stored blood recipient group recovered on day 4. By day 5, all dogs were healthy with no abnormal signs. The findings indicated the presence of hematological and biochemical alterations in stored blood, highlighting the importance of considering transfusion of stored blood for patients with critical medical conditions.

Nanosensor Based on the Circular Ring with External Rectangular Ring Structure

This paper presents a novel nanoscale refractive index sensor, which is produced by using a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide structure coupled with the circular ring with an external rectangular ring (CRERR) structure with the Fano resonance phenomenon. In this study, COMSOL software was used to model and simulate the structure, paired with an analysis of the output spectra to detail the effect of constructional factors on the output Fano curve as measured from a finite element method. After a series of studies, it was shown that an external rectangular ring is the linchpin of the unsymmetrical Fano resonance, while the circular ring’s radius strongly influences the transducer’s capability to achieve a maximum for 3180 nm/RIU sensitivity and a FOM of 54.8. The sensor is capable of achieving sensitivities of 0.495 nm/mgdL−1 and 0.6375 nm/mgdL−1 when detecting the concentration of the electrolyte sodium and potassium ions in human blood and is expected to play an important role in human health monitoring.

Short-Lived Active Prorenin: Precursor of So-Called Native Prorenin.

The enzymatic activity of the aspartic protease, renin, is critical for its function in blood pressure regulation and sodium homeostasis. Incubation of so-called native prorenin at low pH leads to its activation. After binding to transition-state mimicking renin inhibitors at neutral pH, prorenin attains the active conformation, as indicated by immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies specific for epitopes of the prosegment or the renin body. A comparison of immunosorbent assay with enzyme-kinetic assay revealed the intermediary steps of prorenin auto-activation/inactivation. The kinetically identified intermediary steps of activation/inactivation correspond with the published crystal structures of free renin, free prorenin, and renin in complex with inhibitors. Both renin and activated prorenin exist in 2 forms, α and β. The α form is active, and the α/β quantity ratio is 2.5. The kidney produces renin and prorenin, while the ovarium, placenta, and eye produce inactive prorenin. The production of renin by these organs has never been demonstrated. We propose that the so-called native prorenin in extracellular fluid, including the circulation, is derived, at least partly, from short-lived active prorenin. Its potential paracrine function is discussed.

Electrolyte Imbalance and Impaired Kidney Functions in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients

Abstract Objective: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19, is a pandemic infection that first appeared in Wuhan, China and is responsible for acute respiratory illness. The symptoms of this infection range from being mild and restricted to developing fever, cough, and loss of smell or taste, to severe life-threatening pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the severity could reach beyond that level and convert to a multi-organ failure or death. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is known to be the receptor that used by coronavirus to enter the cells, and hence, multi-organ infection could result. From that point, renal involvement, including impaired kidney function and electrolyte imbalance, is one of the complications that might develop. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients, 29 males and 31 females, were recruited in this study, where blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, sodium, potassium, and chloride were evaluated. Results: The results revealed elevated levels of BUN and serum creatinine and decreased levels of sodium and chloride and to some extent, potassium levels. Few samples were diagnosed with increased levels of serum electrolytes. Conclusion: The results revealed the presence of electrolyte imbalance and kidney dysfunction associated with COVID-19 infection. Further investigations need to be carried out to estimate to what extent the changes in these biochemical parameters could be risk factors for developing acute kidney injury (AKI) and eventually death.

The effect of ethanolic Acalypha Wilkesiana extract on blood sugar, sodium, potassium levels in alloxan-induced diabetic and salt-induced hypertensive Wistar rats

Diabetes Mellitus and hypertension often occur simultaneously. Hypertension affects approximately 70% of patients with diabetes, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients is three times higher than that in healthy individuals. The study was aimed at investigating the problem of diabetes and hypertension, and a possible remedy for it. Twenty-five (25) male wistar rats were assigned into five (5) groups of five (5) rats each. Group A served as negative control, and received water and feed only. Group B served as the positive control, and received alloxan160 mg/kg BW+ salt-loaded diet. Group C-E received alloxan 160 mg/kg BW+ salt-loaded diet + 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, and 300 mg/kg BW of ethanolic acalypha wilkesiana (EAW) respectively. All administrations were given orally twice daily for 21 days. At the end of the treatment, blood samples were collected to estimate blood glucose, insulin, sodium, and potassium levels. Results are presented as mean±SEM, and were analysed using One-way ANOVA, statistical significance was considered at (P≤0.05). The results showed decrease in blood glucose levels and increase in insulin levels in groups C, D, and E compared to group B. There was also a decrease in sodium ion levels, and a concomitant increase in potassium ion levels in all wistar rat treatment groups when compared to group B. In summary, the results showed improved blood sugar, insulin, sodium, and potassium ion levels following EAW administration. It is therefore concluded that EAW administration was effective in improving diabetic and hypertensive complications in wistar rats.

Association Between the Chemical Composition of Saliva and Serum in Patients with Kidney Failure

Background: End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a severe nephrological condition that can lead to permanent kidney damage. Therefore, early disease diagnosis is key to preventing casualties. The gold standard method of diagnosis tends to evaluate changes in sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, urea, creatinine, and parathormone hormones in blood after dialysis. However, serum evaluation is not always possible or easy for patients. Therefore, saliva evaluation has been proposed in recent years as an alternative. Objectives: The current article aims to evaluate metabolite in the saliva of ESRD patients. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 29 ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment were selected. Their saliva and serum samples were taken. The number of biochemical factors, including sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, urea, creatinine, and parathormone hormone, was measured with an autoanalyzer device and related kits. Finally, the correlation of parameters in serum and saliva was examined using the Pearson test. Results: The results showed a significant positive relationship between the levels of sodium, urea, and creatinine in serum and saliva samples (P < 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant relationship between the serum and saliva levels of potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and PTH (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Due to the significant correlation between some prominent biochemical factors in saliva and serum after hemodialysis in ESRD patients, saliva could be considered a non-invasive diagnostic fluid for monitoring kidney disease in the future.

Development of a Nomogram Model Based on Lactate-To-Albumin Ratio for Prognostic Prediction in Hospitalized Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage

This study aims to develop a nomogram model incorporating lactate-to-albumin ratio (LAR) to predict the prognosis of hospitalized patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and demonstrate its excellent predictive performance. A total of 226 patients with ICH from the Medical information mart for intensive care III (MIMIC Ⅲ) database were randomly split into 8:2 ratio training and experimental groups, and 38 patients from the eICU-CRD for external validation. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors associated with ICH, and multivariate Cox regression was used to construct nomograms for 7-day and 14-day overall survival (OS). The performance of nomogram was verified by the calibration curves, decision curves, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Our study identified LAR, glucose, mean blood pressure, sodium, and ethnicity as independent factors influencing in-hospital prognosis. The predictive performance of our nomogram model for predicting 7-day and 14 -day OS (AUCs: 0.845 and 0.830 respectively) are both superior to Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score, Simplified acute physiology score II, and SIRS (AUCs: 0.617, 0.620 and 0.591 and AUCs: 0.709, 0.715 and 0.640, respectively) in internal validation, and also demonstrate favorable predictive performance in external validation (AUCs: 0.778 and 0.778 respectively). LAR as a novel biomarker is closely associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality of patients with ICH. The nomogram model incorporating LAR along with glucose, mean blood pressure, sodium, and ethnicity demonstrate excellent predictive performance for predicting the prognosis of 7- and 14-day OS of hospitalized patients with ICH.

Anxiety Levels, Cortisol, Blood Gluc Ose and Sodium Levels in Working Wives: Comparison Between Husbands Who Were Hospitalized and Husbands Who Were Not Hospitalized

Anxiety Levels, Cortisol, Blood Gluc Ose and Sodium Levels in Working Wives: Comparison Between Husbands Who Were Hospitalized and Husbands Who Were Not Hospitalized

The lethal and sublethal impacts of two tire rubber-derived chemicals on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) fry and fingerlings

Recent toxicity studies of stormwater runoff implicated N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-quinone) as the contaminant responsible for the mass mortality of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). In the wake of this discovery, 6PPD-quinone has been measured in waterways around urban centers, along with other tire wear leachates like hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM). The limited data available for 6PPD-quinone have shown toxicity can vary depending on the species. In this study we compared the acute toxicity of 6PPD-quinone and HMMM to Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) fry and fingerlings. Our results show that fry are ∼3 times more sensitive to 6PPD-quinone than fingerlings. Exposure to HMMM ≤6.6 mg/L had no impact on fry survival. These results highlight the importance of conducting toxicity tests on multiple life stages of fish species, and that relying on fingerling life stages for species-based risk assessment may underestimate the impacts of exposure. 6PPD-quinone also had many sublethal effects on Brook trout fingerlings, such as increased interlamellar cell mass (ILCM) size, hematocrit, blood glucose, total CO2, and decreased blood sodium and chloride concentrations. Linear relationships between ILCM size and select blood parameters support the conclusion that 6PPD-quinone toxicity is an outcome of osmorespiratory challenges imposed by gill impairment.

Hyponatremia as a predictor of cognitive deterioration in hospitalized post-stroke patients

PurposeEvidence is scarce regarding the association between hyponatremia and alterations in cognitive function among hospitalized older patients. We aimed to investigate the associations between hyponatremia and the baseline cognitive status, as well as the improvement in cognitive function, in hospitalized post-stroke patients. MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included consecutive hospitalized post-stroke patients. Serum sodium concentrations were extracted from medical records based on blood tests performed within 24 h of admission, with hyponatremia defined as a serum sodium concentration < 135 mEq/L. The main outcomes included admission and discharge scores for cognitive levels, assessed through the cognitive domain of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM-cognition), as well as the score changes observed during the hospitalization period. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to determine the association between hyponatremia and outcomes of interest, adjusted for potential confounders. ResultsData from 955 patients (mean age 73.2 years; 53.6 % men) were included in the analysis. The median baseline blood sodium level was 139 [137, 141], and 84 patients (8.8 %) exhibited hyponatremia. After full adjustment for confounders, the baseline hyponatremia was significantly and negatively associated with FIM-cognition values at admission (β = -0.009, p = 0.016), discharge (β = -0.038, p = 0.043), and the gain during hospital stay (β = -0.040, p = 0.011). ConclusionBaseline hyponatremia has demonstrated a correlation with decline in cognitive level over the course of rehabilitation in individuals after stroke. Assessing hyponatremia at the outset proves to be a pivotal prognostic indicator.

Lactobacillus plantarum 299v administration prevents high-sodium diet-induced glycocalyx degradation and arterial dysfunction

A central feature of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is arterial dysfunction (i.e., elevated systolic blood pressure [BP], aortic stiffening, and endothelial dysfunction), which may be initiated by a degraded endothelial glycocalyx. The glycocalyx is a negatively charged structure bound to the vascular endothelium that appears to play a critical role in cardiovascular health, particularly by buffering sodium in blood, although excessive sodium degrades the glycocalyx. In the United States, a high-sodium (HS) diet is consumed by ~90% of the population with average sodium intake ~2.3x greater than recommended by the American Heart Association. We have previously shown that HS diet induces glycocalyx degradation and arterial dysfunction in outbred, genetically diverse UM-HET3 mice. Others have shown that HS diet lowers Lactobacillus abundance in mouse gut microbiome. However, it is unknown whether maintaining Lactobacillus would prevent HS diet-induced glycocalyx degradation and arterial dysfunction. To test this concept, male and female UM-HET3 mice (n=21-35/group) were randomized into a low-sodium (LS) diet (1% NaCl), HS diet (4% NaCl), or HS diet with Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (Lp299v) administration (60 million CFU/ml in drinking water) for 12 weeks. Glycocalyx barrier function was determined by assessing perfused boundary region (PBR), which represents red blood cell penetration into the glycocalyx. At week 12, we observed higher PBR in HS mice (2.36±0.04 μm) compared to LS and HS+Lp299v mice (2.09±0.03 and 2.20±0.04 μm, respectively; p&lt;0.05), indicating a worse glycocalyx barrier function in HS mice. PBR was similar between LS and HS+Lp299v mice (P&gt;0.05), indicating a preserved glycocalyx barrier function in HS+Lp299v mice. Systolic BP was higher in HS (127±1 mmHg) compared to LS and HS+Lp299v mice (113±1 and 118±1 mmHg, respectively; p&lt;0.05). Aortic stiffness, determined by aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), was also higher in HS (345±5 cm/s) compared to LS and HS+Lp299v mice (268±5 and 300±3 cm/s, respectively; p&lt;0.05). However, systolic BP and aortic PWV were higher in HS+Lp299v compared to LS mice (p&lt;0.05). Ex vivo endothelial function, determined by the maximal vasodilatory response to acetylcholine in the carotid artery, was lower in HS (83.9±1.3%) compared to LS and HS+Lp299v mice (89.8±1.3 and 90.1±1.0%, respectively; p&lt;0.05). Endothelial function was similar between LS and HS+Lp299v mice (P&gt;0.05). In summary, Lp299v administration prevents HS diet-induced glycocalyx degradation and endothelial dysfunction, while mitigating HS diet-induced elevations in systolic BP and aortic stiffness. These findings suggest that Lp299v administration may be a novel strategy to lower the risk of CVD in humans that consume a HS diet. This study was funded in part by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (R00 AT010017). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Comparative study of innomed blood collection tubes versus sodium fluoride-coated tubes in preserving blood glucose levels for enhanced diabetes diagnosis

Comparative study of innomed blood collection tubes versus sodium fluoride-coated tubes in preserving blood glucose levels for enhanced diabetes diagnosis

MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES INSIPIDUS AFTER SUBLABIAL TRANSSPHENOIDAL HYPOPHYSECTOMY SURGERY

MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES INSIPIDUS AFTER SUBLABIAL TRANSSPHENOIDAL HYPOPHYSECTOMY SURGERY

Theory of the Leaky Intestine: Sex Differences in Intestinal Parasitic Infections, Cytoskeletal Wall Dysfunctions, and Hypertension

BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) impact approximately 3.5 billion individuals globally. Protozoan IPIs may influence the intestinal microbiome. This research investigates IPI effects on intestinal wall thickness and their potential links to sex-specific hypertension. It also explores the impact of alterations in intestinal wall permeability on sodium and blood glucose levels. METHODS: The study enrolled 108 subjects, including 83 consecutive patients with confirmed symptomatic IPIs (48 males, 35 females) and 25 healthy volunteers used as controls (9 males, 16 females). B-mode ultrasound grayscale images of the duodenum and colon were taken with and without water contrast. RESULTS: Patients with parasites exhibited a higher BMI (mean = 28.9 ± 7.4) compared to controls (mean = 24.68 ± 7.2), F (1, 96) = 5.78, _p _&lt; 0.05. IPI patients showed a tendency towards increased duodenal wall thickness (DUOTHICK = 0.88 ± 0.7 cm) versus controls (0.6 ± 0.1 cm), _p = _0.05. Additionally, IPI patients had significantly greater thickness in the ascending colon (ASCTHICK = 1.1 ± 0.3 cm) and descending colon (DSCTHICK = 1.2 ± 0.4 cm) compared to controls (ASCTHICK = 0.6 ± 0.2 cm, DSCTHICK = 0.6 ± 0.1 cm), _p _&lt; 0.05. Men over 50 years exhibited greater DSCTHICK (1.25 ± 0.434 cm) than postmenopausal women (0.986 ± 0.389 cm), _p _&lt; 0.05. DSCTHICK significantly predicted diastolic blood pressure (β = −0.295, _p _&lt; 0.05) and blood sodium level (β = −0.300, _p _&lt; 0.05). DUOTHICK in diabetic IPI patients exceeded that in nondiabetic patients. Effective antiparasitic and antidiabetic treatments induced changes in the echoanatomy of the intestinal wall, suggesting the sealing of ‘the leak’. CONCLUSIONS: IPIs disrupted the intestinal cytoskeleton, leading to “leaky gut syndrome” development.