Blood Serum Of Newborns Research Articles

Clinical and pathogenetic significance of immunity factors in congenital generalized infection caused by the herpes simplex virus

Intrauterine infections are serious diseases that largely determine the level of infant mortality. Newborns who have had intrauterine infections often have long-term consequences, leading to disability. One of the intrauterine infections is a congenital infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (neonatal herpes). Neonatal herpes occurs less frequently (1:2000 live births) than cytomegalovirus fection, but the clinical symptoms in this disease are characterized by multiorgan damage.Purpose. To determine the role of immune factors in the development of congenital generalized HSV infection.Material and methods. Twenty-two newborns with a severe form of congenital generalized infection caused by the herpes simplex virus infection were examined (group I). The control group consisted of 26 healthy newborns born to women with uncomplicated pregnancy and childbirth. Determination of the population and subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes, the level of expression of activation markers, T-regulatory cells (Treg) was carried out by laser fl w cytometry using reagents from Immunotex (France), Caltag (USA), HyCultbiotechnology (Netherlands): FITC (fl escein isothiocyanate) — labeled CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD 16+, CD19+, CD282+ and PE (phycoerythrin)-labeled CD95+, CD25+, CD14+. Determination of the number of lymphocytes that have entered apoptosis using a diagnostic kit including Annexin-V, labeled with FITC and propidium iodide (PI), (Caltag, USA). The concentration of IFN-γ, IFN-α, IL-12 in the blood serum of newborns was determined by ELISA using BenderMedsistems test systems.Results. The development of a congenital generalized infection caused by the herpes simplex virus is associated with a lack of IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-12 production, a decrease in the number of monocytes expressing TLR-2, a decrease in the relative number of CD8+, CD16+ lymphocytes, CD25+ activation markers, on the surface of NK cells, in combination with an increase in CD16 + CD95 +, AnnexinV + PI +, the number of Tregs.Conclusion. The results of the work indicate suppression of the early stages of the innate immune response, impaired effector function of immunocompetent cells, apoptosis processes

Показатели нитрозативного и оксидантного стресса как неинвазивные маркеры бактериального менингита у недоношенных детей

Актуальность. В условиях оксидантного и нитрозативного стресса мозг уязвим для окислительного повреждения вследствие высокого потребления кислорода, большого количества железа, относительно низкого уровня экспрессии антиоксидантов, высокого содержания полиненасыщенных жирных кислот. Один из маркеров нитрозативного стресса — нитротирозин. Высокие концентрации нитротирозина в ликворе связаны с неблагоприятным течением заболевания. В качестве индикатора интенсивности оксидантного стресса используется также гомоцистеин. Повышенные концентрации гомоцистеина имеют цитотоксическое действие, что приводит к гибели клетки. Цель исследования: изучение показателей нитрозативного и оксидантного стресса при бактериальных менингитах у недоношенных детей. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 52 новорожденных. Основная группа — 14 недоношенных детей (средний срок гестации 31,7 ± 0,9 недели), больных бактериальным менингитом. Группа сравнения — 20 новорожденных с перинатальными поражениями ЦНС (10 недоношенных детей со средним сроком гестации 32,3 ± 0,4 недели и 10 доношенных новорожденных). Контрольная группа — 18 здоровых доношенных детей. Проводили оценку анамнеза, соматического и неврологического статуса новорожденных, данных нейросонографии. Методом иммуноферментного анализа было исследовано содержание нитротирозина в сыворотке крови. Результаты. Установлено, что содержание нитротирозина в сыворотке крови новорожденных основной группы было достоверно ниже, чем в группе сравнения и контрольной группе (1,38 ± 0,06 против 1,53 ± 0,07 ммоль/л и 1,61 ± 0,04 ммоль/л соответственно; р < 0,05), зависело от гестационного возраста ребенка (r = +0,63; p < 0,05). Содержание гомоцистеина в сыворотке обратно пропорционально гестационному возрасту ребенка (r = –0,62; p < 0,05) и у новорожденных основной группы статистически превышало таковое в группе сравнения и контрольной группе (17,10 ± 1,13 против 10,80 ± 1,10 и 9,56 ± 1,42 мкмоль/л соответственно; p < 0,05). Выводы. Низкое содержание в сыворотке крови нитротирозина и гипергомоцистеинемия могут способствовать поражению сосудистого русла, проникновению микроорганизмов через гематоэнцефалический барьер и развитию инфекционного процесса. Максимальное содержание гомоцистеина в сыворотке крови наблюдается при развитии бактериального менингита.

CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL CRITERIA FOR LIKELYHOOD OF INFECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CONGENITAL PNEUMONIA IN NEWBORN CHILDREN WITH CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION

Introduction. Issues of the prevention of intrauterine diseases, and, in particular, congenital pneumonia, in newborns with Chlamydia infection, is still remaining unsolved due to the insufficiently developed criteria for diagnosis of the infection and identification of this pathology progression. The aim of this study is to develop clinical, laboratory and instrumental factors of the Chlamydia infection and the development of congenital pneumonia in newborns. Materials and methods. We examined 77 newborns (38 (49.3%) premature children, 39 (50.7%) full-term children). In the main group 54 newborns were diagnosed to have with congenital pneumonia, on them 25 (46.3%) premature and 29 (53.7%) full-term children. The control group included 23 "conditionally healthy" newborns, of the 13 (56.5%) premature and 10 (43.5%) full-term children. The diagnosis of congenital pneumonia in newborns with Chlamydia infection was confirmed based on the anamnesis, clinical criteria, risk factors over the ante-, intra- and postnatal periods, pathological changes detected on neurosonography, disorders of the intestinal microbiocenosis. Specific diagnosis was performed by the method of polymerase chain reaction with the detection of Chlamydia DNA in the blood serum of newborns. Results and discussion. Comprehensive examination of newborns with congenital pneumonia demonstrated that all newborns in this group were born to mothers infected with Chlamydia, who had burdened obstetric and gynaecological history, complicated pregnancy (due to the presence of a large percentage of extragenital and genital pathology and pathological course of childbirth of pregnant women). It was found that ventricular dilatation, cysts of vascular plexuses and leukomalacia, movement disorders and organic lesions of the central nervous system occurred only in children with congenital pneumonia. It has been demonstrated that the severity of congenital pneumonia in the examined newborns is determined by the contamination of the body with pathogenic flora (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, St. aureus, Klebsiella, Candida). Conclusion. Applying a set of diagnostic criteria for early detection of congenital pneumonia and its progression in children with Chlamydia infection enables to verify the diagnosis and timely prescribe etiotropic therapy in the first days of newborns’ life.

Study of the teratogenicity of the vaccine strain of the Rubella virus «Orlov-V» (Matonaviridae: Rubivirus: Rubella virus) in experience on rhesus macaques.

Rubella virus has pronounced teratogenic properties that can cause generalized and persistent intrauterine infection of the fetus. As a result, the control of the loss of teratogenicity inherent in «wild-type» virus strains is a necessary stage of a preclinical study of the vaccine strain for a live attenuated rubella vaccine.The purpose of the study is to comprehensively study the teratogenic properties of the vaccine strain of rubella virus «Orlov-V» in the experiment on rhesus macaques. Seronegative to rubella virus female rhesus macaques in early pregnancy at the age of 4-7 years (n = 13) were used in the experiment. Animals of the experimental group (n = 9) received single immunization intramuscularly with a preparation from the «Orlov-V» strain. The control group of the monkeys (n = 3) were immunized with a commercial vaccine containing Wistar RA27/3 strain. The female of the control group (n = 1) was injected with a solvent used in the rubella vaccine. Study of possible teratogenic properties of vaccine strains of rubella virus was carried out using a complex of clinical, immunological, pathomorphological and virological methods. Clinical observations were made within 3 months after the monkeys' birth. Determination of antibody titers in the blood serum of immunized monkeys was performed in HI test on the 28th-30th day after infection. The ELISA method was applied to determine IgM antibodies in the blood serum of newborns within the first month of life. Detection of rubella virus RNA was performed by PCR with electrophoretic detection of amplicons. No markers of congenital rubella infection were found in infants born from monkeys vaccinated during the pregnancy. It is shown that PCR can be an informative method to confirm the absence of teratogenic properties of vaccine strains of rubella virus. The obtained data demonstrated that vaccine strains of the «Orlov-V» rubella virus and Wistar RA27/3 have lost their teratogenic properties. The possibility of using an alternative strategy for preclinical assessment of specific safety of antiviral vaccines including a complex of clinical, immunological, pathologic and virological methods instead of the classical pathologic method is discussed. The results obtained in this study showed the absence of teratogenic properties and high immunogenic activity of the vaccine strain of rubella virus «Orlov-V».

Диагностическая информативность стандартных и альтернативных маркеров в сыворотке крови новорожденных при раннем неонатальном сепсисе

Диагностическая информативность стандартных и альтернативных маркеров в сыворотке крови новорожденных при раннем неонатальном сепсисе

CLINICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEUROSONOGRAPHIC CHANGES DETECTED IN DYNAMICS IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL CHLAMIDIA INFECTION

Introduction. The problem of congenital chlamydial infection is still remaining relevant due to the difficulties in its diagnosis and peculiarities of the course. The aim of this study was to clarify the dynamics of the severity and nature of the affection of the central nervous system in the case of congenital chlamydial infection. Materials and methods. 103 newborns were examined. Catamnestic observations were performed during a year. Specific diagnosis was made by polymerase chain reaction with the detection of chlamydia DNA in the blood serum of newborns. The main group included 80 children; the second control group consisted of 23 healthy children. The group III involved 36 children assessed as having satisfactory health status at birth, whose mothers had Chlamydia infection. Results and discussion. Analysis of the results showed that visceral forms with congenital chlamydial pneumonia were diagnosed in almost 50% of newborns; localized forms (congenital conjunctivitis) were diagnosed in 7.5% of children. 45% of newborns of the main group had no clinical signs of the disease. Neurosonography was performed in dynamics. It demonstrated that lenticular vasculopathy, areas of increased echogenicity, thickening of the ventricular walls, both alone and in combination were found only in the children of the main group and could be regarded as markers of intrauterine infection. Neurosonographic examination during the 1 year of life of the children in the main group indicated the presence of pathological changes. In the children of the control group markers of intrauterine infection were not detected. Thus, the obtained neurosonographic data confirm the long-term and damaging effects of chlamidia infection in the children of the main group. Conclusion. Pathological changes detected by neurosonography persisted during the first year of life and correlated with the formation of stato-kinetic developmental delay, muscular dystonia syndrome, and cerebral palsy in children.

Neuroimmunological Disturbance Features in Premature Infants with Perinatal Infections

Infectious diseases in newborns are commonly intrauterine infections which affect greatly on the morbidity and mortality rates in neonates. Background: The purpose of this study was to analyse the neurological status, taking into account the neuroimmunological indicators (neuron-specific enolase (NSE), interleukin-1β (IL1β), Interleukin-6 (IL6) in the serum of neonates with perinatal infections. Metods: We conducted a complex clinical, laboratory, and instrumental examination of 433 infants with perinatal infections with a gestation period of 27–37 weeks. Determination of the level of NSE, IL1β, IL6 was performed with the standard method of the immune-enzyme analysis. Results. Hypoxic ischemic, hemorrhagic, infectious lesion of the central nervous system (CNS) were more common in newborns with mixed infection and sepsis. High levels of NSE, IL6, IL1β in the serum of the examined newborns reflect a combined, deeper character of the CNS damage. Conclusion: Significant diagnostic value of neuroimmunological indicators in the blood serum of newborns with perinatal infections makes it possible to use them as a markers for assessing the severity of the CNS lesions.

Clinical and pathogenetic features of congenital heart disease in newborns with intrauterine infection

Aim. Investigation of the features of diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart disease in newborns with intrauterine herpes and cytomegalovirus infections. 
 Methods. A comparative analysis of risk factors, clinical signs and dynamics of serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases in 91 newborns with congenital heart disease during the early neonatal period was performed. All patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (study group) - 51 patients with congenital heart disease and intrauterine Herpes or Cytomegalovirus infection, group 2 (comparison group) - 40 children with heart disease without the signs of intrauterine infection. The control group consisted of 20 relatively healthy full-term newborns. 
 Results. Mothers of children with congenital heart disease and intrauterine infection more often compared to mothers of children from group 2 had inflammatory disease of reproductive system (49.1 and 22.5% respectively, р ≤0.05), medical abortions in past medical history (84.3 and 27.5% respectively, р ≤0.01), acute respiratory viral infections during pregnancy (21.6 and 7.5% respectively, р ≤0.05). Levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in umbilical blood plasm were statistically significantly increased in all newborns with congenital heart disease compared to control levels. The highest concentration of enzyme was registered in patients with congenital heart disease and nervous system disorders associated with intrauterine infection and in newborns with severe heart disease. Inflammatory extracardial changes in patients with congenital heart disease associated with intrauterine infection caused by Herpes Simplex virus and Cytomegalovirus were accompanied by significant increase of matrix metalloproteinase 8. 
 Conclusion. The association between matrix metalloproteinase 9 in blood serum of newborns and clinical signs of a congenital heart disease during early neonatal period was revealed; high levels of metalloproteinase 8 can indicate intrauterine infection in newborns with congenital heart disease during early neonatal period.

Lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in the cord blood serum of newborns

Lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in the cord blood serum of newborns

Immunochemical identification of a new embryonic antigen in ovarian tumor tissue

A new embryonic antigen was found in the ovarian tumour tissues by immunodiffusion methods. This antigen consists of two components with a different electrophoretic mobility: a low peak migrates in the alha0-globulin zone, and a rapid one - in the prealbumin zone; it differs immunologically from alpha-fetoprot ein and cancer embrynoic antigen of the large intestine. This antigen was found in the fetus and newborn blood serum and also in the tissue extracts of ovarian tumours. No such antigen was revealed in the normal tissues of adults, or in the blood serum of donors and oncological patients.