Blood Pressure Response Research Articles

Acute impact of inorganic nitrate supplementation after ischemia and during small muscle mass exercise in postmenopausal females: A pilot study.

Menopause is associated with reduced endothelial-dependent vasodilation and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Dietary nitrate, a non-pharmacological approach, may increase vasodilatory capacity consequentially reducing CVD risk. We investigated macro- and microvascular function after acute nitrate supplementation in postmenopausal females (PMF). Vascular function was studied with flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and near-infrared post occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH). Incremental handgrip exercise was performed to investigate blood flow and tissue oxygenation. We hypothesized acute dietary nitrate would not impact resting endothelial measures but would increase post ischemic vasodilation and incremental exercise blood flow. Late-phase PMF (n = 12) participated in a randomized crossover design with 140 mL of nitrate-rich (NR) beetroot juice or nitrate-poor black currant juice. Testing included a 5-min FMD, a 3-min ischemic exercise FMD, and incremental exercise at 10%, 15%, and 20% maximal voluntary contraction to measure blood flow and pressure responses. A p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. One-way ANOVA indicated lower resting pressures, but no change to FMD, or PORH in either protocol. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA indicated NR supplementation significantly reduced mean arterial pressure at rest and during incremental exercise at all intensities without changes to blood flow. Acute nitrate is effective for resting and exercising blood pressure management in PMF.

Different Blood Pressure Response To Isometric Exercise And Its Effect On Cognitive Function.

Different Blood Pressure Response To Isometric Exercise And Its Effect On Cognitive Function.

Different Types Of Exercise Training To Attenuate Exaggerated Blood Pressure Response To Exercise In Hypertension

Different Types Of Exercise Training To Attenuate Exaggerated Blood Pressure Response To Exercise In Hypertension

Autonomic Dysfunction Among Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study

BackgroundThe burden and functional significance of autonomic dysfunction among survivors of childhood cancer is unknown. ObjectivesWe evaluated the prevalence, risk factors, and functional relevance of autonomic dysfunction in survivors. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional prospective evaluation of 1,041 adult survivors of childhood cancer treated with anthracyclines (31.1%), chest-directed radiation (13.5%), both (19.5%), or neither (35.9%), and 286 community control subjects enrolled in the SJLIFE (St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study). Four measures of autonomic dysfunction were evaluated: elevated resting heart rate, decreased heart rate reserve, decreased systolic blood pressure response to exercise, and delayed heart rate recovery. Logistic regression tested associations with impaired cardiorespiratory fitness (peak Vo2 < 80% predicted). ResultsSurvivors (50.7% female) were 9.0 ± 5.8 years at cancer diagnosis and 35.5 ± 8.9 years at evaluation. Prevalence (survivors vs control subjects) of elevated resting heart rate (17.9% vs 7.0%), decreased heart rate reserve (21.7% vs 9.1%), decreased systolic blood pressure response to exercise (25.3% vs 12.6%), and delayed heart rate recovery (24.3% vs 10.6%) was more than 2-fold higher among survivors (P < 0.001 for all). Carboplatin (adjusted OR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.42-4.40; P = 0.001), chest-directed radiation therapy (adjusted OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.52-2.75; P < 0.001), and cranial radiation (adjusted OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.08-2.05; P = 0.015) were associated with an increased likelihood of having ≥2 measures of autonomic dysfunction. Survivors with ≥2 measures of autonomic dysfunction were at increased risk for impaired cardiorespiratory fitness (adjusted OR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.82-4.02; P < 0.001). ConclusionsSurvivors of childhood cancer manifest a higher prevalence of autonomic dysfunction associated with impaired cardiorespiratory fitness.

Pharmacogenomic Study of Selected Genes Affecting Amlodipine Blood Pressure Response in Patients with Hypertension.

Despite the availability of various antihypertensive medications, the response to these medications varies among individuals. Understanding how individual genetic variations affect drugs treatment outcomes is a key area of focus in precision medicine. This study investigated the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in selected genes (CACNA1C, CACNA1D, ABCB1, ACE, ADBR2, and NOS1AP) and the blood pressure (BP) control by amlodipine. Four hundred individuals of Pashtun ethnicity undergoing amlodipine treatment for hypertension were included in the present study and divided into the controlled (BP less than 140/90mmHg) and uncontrolled (BP greater than 140/90mmHg) hypertension groups. Blood samples (3 mL) were collected from each participant, and DNA was extracted using the Kit method. Ten SNPs in amlodipine pharmacogenes were selected and genotyped using real-time PCR with the TaqMan® system. Logistic regression model was used to determine the association between SNPs and the amlodipine BP response. Notable association were observed between SNP rs2239050/CACNA1C and amlodipine blood pressure response, with GG genotype carriers demonstrating a better response (P=0.004) than individuals carrying CC or CG genotypes. SNP rs312481/CACNA1D also exhibited a positive pharmacogenetic association, Individuals with the GG genotype showing a considerable reduction in BP (P=0.021) compared to participants with AA or GA genotypes. In case of SNP rs429/ACE individuals carrying TA genotype were less likely to achieve BP control (P=0.002) than AA genotype carriers. Our finding suggests that the SNPs rs2239050/CACNA1C, rs312481/CACNA1D and rs429/ACE influence amlodipine blood pressure response in patients with hypertension. It is recommended that prior knowledge of amlodipine associated pharmacogenetic variants is important that could improve its treatment outcomes in hypertensive patients.

Characteristics and Presentation of Orthostatic Hypertension in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Standing poses a hemodynamic challenge for the cardiovascular system, regulated by neurohumoral reflexes. In 2023, an elevated blood pressure response upon standing was officially defined as a minimum 20 mmHg increase in systolic pressure during position changes, distinguishing Orthostatic Hypertension (OHT) as a condition where blood pressure exceeds 140 mmHg when standing. This new definition underscores the importance of understanding the implications of OHT on individuals' health and quality of life. Methods Retrospective study of the Technology Research for Independent Living (TRIL) Clinic at St. James’s Hospital, from August 2007 to May 2009. The population included healthy community-dwelling adults aged 60 and older. This study aimed to profile individuals with OHT, understand the predictors of this condition, and explore its association with biopsychosocial variables. Results In a study of 442 participants (67.7% female, mean age 72.7), we identified a prevalence rate of 12.9% for an exaggerated orthostatic pressor response and observed OHT in 6.1% of participants at the 120-second mark after standing. Additionally, significant associations were discovered between OHT and conditions such as heart failure, stroke, and the use of certain medications such as SSRI and ACE inhibitors. Conclusion The results of this study highlight the potential health consequences of OHT among older adults, particularly in those with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions. Further research is needed to explore this lesser-known but significant orthostatic disorder.

Diastolic Blood Pressure Response During Non-isometric Exercise and Its Relationship with Family History of Hypertension

The purpose of this study was to find an association (if any) between isolated diastolic blood pressure response to non - isometric exercise and family history of hypertension. Diastolic blood pressure response (DBPR) of 32 apparently healthy young adults (aged 18 - 30 years) were noted during 10 minutes of cycling on a bicycle ergometer and during their recovery after exercise and their family history of hypertension were recorded by a separate observer.4 sets of data were rejected due to faulty technique and rest 28 sets of data were checked for association by a 2 by 2 contingency table and by performing Chi - Square test.17 subjects showed normal DBPR, 11 of them did not have any family history of hypertension, which should be a normal occurrence. And out of 11 subjects with abnormal/exaggerated DBPR, 6 had positive family history of hypertension, which was inconclusive. The test result gave us a more than 25% chance of randomness of association between abnormal/exaggerated DBPR and family history of hypertension, which refuted the association, meaning abnormal/exaggerated DBPR to non - isometric exercise and family history of hypertension can both be predictors of future hypertension but there is no association between them.

The Role of Exercise Blood Pressure in Hypertension: Measurement, Mechanisms and Management.

Hypertension affects one in three adults globally and is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. While blood pressure measurements at rest are fundamental to the detection and management of hypertension, abnormal blood pressure responses to exercise, namely an exaggerated exercise blood pressure (EEBP), can provide additional independent information about current and future hypertension risk. This paper summarizes a symposium entitled: "The Role of Exercise BP in Hypertension: Measurement, Mechanisms and Management" included at the 2023 American College of Sports Medicine annual meeting, which presented a timely discussion about the clinical utility of EEBP. Here we will summarize the evidence presented by the speakers including considerations for blood pressure measurement during exercise, an overview of EEBP thresholds and discussion about the value of EEBP during submaximal exercise for the identification and management of hypertension, a summary of the potential physiological mechanisms underpinning an EEBP, and a review of exercise prescription guidelines based on new and emerging evidence as they relate to the American College of Sports Medicine's exercise recommendations for hypertension. We conclude by highlighting areas for future research with the overarching goal of improving the measurement and management of hypertension.

202 Longitudinal comparative transcriptomics of dairy cattle at different altitudes reveals unique mechanisms underlying plateau hypoxia adaptation

Abstract The adaptation of livestock to high altitude hypoxic environment (plateau hypoxia adaptation) is important as they have a key role in the socio-economic conditions of the local residents. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of plateau hypoxia adaptation of livestock are poorly understood. This study was objective to 1) construct the longitudinal transcriptional profiles of dairy cattle across five development stages; 2) reveal the transcriptomic changes of peripheral blood under different altitudes environment; and 3) identify key genes involved in plateau hypoxia adaptation in bovine. In this study, 109 peripheral blood samples from 70 Holstein cattle were performed whole transcriptome sequencing, including 56 at high altitude (&amp;gt; 3600 m) at five development stages (1, 2, 6, 12 and 18 mo) from 56 individuals, and 53 at low altitude (~1000 m) at three development stages (1, 2 and 6 mo) from 14 individuals. The peripheral transcriptional profile was obtained for high altitude cattle at five development stages, and for low altitude cattle for three development stages. By the transcriptome profile analysis in plateau cattle across five development stages, it was found that there were significant differences on mRNA transcriptome at different stages, and a noticeable shift occurred between 2 mo and 6 mo. By a comparative analysis of the transcription levels between high and low altitude cattle, 795, 900 and 880 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at the age of 1, 2 and 6 mo, respectively. The DEGs at three stages were enriched in several cellular communication, hypoxia response, and regulation of blood pressure, and immune-related signaling pathways. Furthermore, there were 64 DEGs shared across three comparative analyses at the three stages. By functional annotation analysis, we observed the shared DEGs of the three stages were enriched in the Notch signaling involved in heart development, regulation of phosphorylation, and positive regulation of MAP kinase activity. In summary, this study revealed the development-related transcriptomic shifts from birth to 18 mo of age in dairy cattle, and preliminarily elucidated the important signaling pathways involved in bovine plateau hypoxia adaptation by comparative analysis between high and low altitude cattle. The results of the current study will drive a better understanding of plateau hypoxia adaptation and can provide molecular targets for future breeding of plateau-adapted dairy cattle.

Sex-based differences in the blood pressure responses to muscle metaboreflex activation are consistent between limb and respiratory muscle.

The purpose of this study was to compare sex-based differences in the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) response to limb and inspiratory metaboreflex activation, during relative and absolute workloads. Healthy males (M; n=9) and females (F; n=8) completed pulmonary function testing, forearm volume and circumference measurements, and bouts of limb and inspiratory muscle exercise. The exercises performed included bouts of rhythmic handgrip exercise (RHG) and inspiratory pressure threshold loading (PTL) to task failure, performed in a randomized order, and separated by 30 minutes of rest. Participants performed both RHG and PTL at predetermined relative (R) and absolute (A) workloads while cardiopulmonary measurements were recorded continuously. A time-dependent rise in MAP was observed in all participants, regardless of sex, muscle, or workload (p<0.001). MAP was greater in males than females during all exercise bouts regardless of muscle group or workload (p<0.001). The change in MAP from baseline was also greater in males (R-RHG: ∆31±12 mmHg; R-PTL: ∆31±9; A-RHG: ∆35±6; A-PTL: ∆30±7) than females (R-RHG: ∆21±7 mmHg; R-PTL: ∆13±7; A-RHG: ∆21±7; A-PTL: ∆14±3) (p<0.001). Results from this study show that when the forearm and diaphragm perform the same relative or absolute work, the blood pressure response is statistically similar, and both responses are greater in males than females. The findings from the present study suggest that the sex-based difference in the response to metaboreflex activation is similar between the limb and respiratory musculature.

Soy lysolecithin prevents hypertension and cognitive impairment induced in mice by high salt intake by inhibiting intestinal inflammation

High salt (HS) intake induces hypertension and cognitive impairment. Preventive strategies include against dietary supplements. Soybean lecithin is a widely used phospholipid supplement. Lysolecithin is important in cell signaling, digestion, and absorption. This study aimed to investigate the effects of lysophosphatidylcholine containing >70% of the total phospholipids (LPC70), on hypertension and cognitive impairment induced in mice by HS intake. Mice were provided with HS solution (2% NaCl in drinking water) with or without LPC70 for 12 weeks. Blood pressure, cognitive function, and inflammatory response of intestine were determined. Hypertension and impaired object recognition memory induced by HS intake were implicated with increased inducible nitric oxide synthase in the small intestine and tau hyperphosphorylation in the prefrontal cortex. LPC70 treatment prevented cognitive impairment by suppressing inducible nitric oxide synthase and tau hyperphosphorylation. LPC70 may be valuable as a functional food component in preventing HS-induced cognitive impairment.

Consideration of absolute intensity when examining sex differences in blood pressure responses during static exercise.

Low- to moderate-intensity submaximal static contractions are commonly used to study the effects of biological sex on the cardiovascular response to exercise. Under this paradigm, premenopausal females frequently demonstrate smaller blood pressure responses than age-matched males. These differences are preserved during postexercise circulatory occlusion, implicating the muscle metaboreflex as an important driver of sex differences in the blood pressure response to static exercise. The mechanisms responsible for these differences are incompletely understood but often attributed to innate sex differences in skeletal muscle fiber type distribution, muscle metabolism, and/or sympathetic control of the circulation. However, one potential confounding factor is that the majority of studies use relative intensity exercise (e.g., 30% of maximal voluntary contraction), such that on average, females are completing static contractions at a lower absolute intensity. In this review, we summarize human evidence showing that sex differences in blood pressure responses to static exercise are attenuated or abolished when controlling for absolute intensity and muscle strength, either by statistical methods or strength-matched cohorts. We highlight evidence that the effect of higher absolute contraction intensity on exercise blood pressure likely occurs through increased mechanical occlusion of skeletal muscle microvasculature, leading to greater activation of the muscle metaboreflex. These findings highlight an important need to account for absolute intensity when studying and interpreting sex differences in cardiovascular responses to exercise.

Genetic Variance in Heparan Sulfation Is Associated With Salt Sensitivity.

High heritability of salt sensitivity suggests an essential role for genetics in the relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure (BP). The role of glycosaminoglycan genes, which are crucial for salinity tolerance, remains to be elucidated. Interactions between 54 126 variants in 130 glycosaminoglycan genes and daily sodium excretion on BP were explored in 20 420 EPIC-Norfolk (European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer in Norfolk) subjects. The UK Biobank (n=414 132) and the multiethnic HELIUS study (Healthy Life in an Urban Setting; n=2239) were used for validation. Afterward, the urinary glycosaminoglycan composition was studied in HELIUS participants (n=57) stratified by genotype and upon dietary sodium loading in a time-controlled crossover intervention study (n=12). rs2892799 in NDST3 (heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 3) showed the strongest interaction with sodium on mean arterial pressure (false discovery rate 0.03), with higher mean arterial pressure for the C allele in high sodium conditions. Also, rs9654628 in HS3ST5 (heparan sulfate-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 5) showed an interaction with sodium on systolic BP (false discovery rate 0.03). These interactions were multiethnically validated. Stratifying for the rs2892799 genotype showed higher urinary expression of N-sulfated heparan sulfate epitope D0S0 for the T allele. Conversely, upon dietary sodium loading, urinary D0S0 expression was higher in participants with stable BP after sodium loading, and sodium-induced effects on this epitope were opposite in individuals with and without BP response to sodium. The C allele of rs2892799 in NDST3 exhibits higher BP in high sodium conditions when compared with low sodium conditions, whereas no differences were detected for the T allele. Concomitantly, both alleles demonstrate distinct expressions of D0S0, which, in turn, correlates with sodium-mediated BP elevation. These findings underscore the potential significance of genetic glycosaminoglycan variation in human BP regulation.

Effects of spironolactone on exercise blood pressure in patients at increased risk of developing heart failure: report from the HOMAGE trial

None of the spironolactone trials in heart failure (HF) assessed the blood pressure (BP) responses to exercise, while conflicting results were reported for exercise capacity. In the HOMAGE trial, 527 patients at increased HF risk were randomized to usual treatment with or without spironolactone (25–50 mg/day). The current substudy included 113 controls and 114 patients assigned spironolactone, who all completed the incremental shuttle walk test at baseline and months 1 and 9. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed by EQ5D questionnaire. Between-group differences (spironolactone minus control [Δs]) were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA with adjustment for baseline and, if appropriate, additionally for sex, age and body mass index. Δs in the pre-exercise systolic/diastolic BP were −8.00 mm Hg (95% CI, −11.6 to −4.43)/−0.85 mm Hg (−2.96 to 1.26) at month 1 and −9.58 mm Hg (−14.0 to −5.19)/−3.84 mm Hg (−6.22 to −1.47) at month 9. Δs in the post-exercise systolic/diastolic BP were −8.08 mm Hg (−14.2 to −2.01)/−2.07 mm Hg (−5.79 to 1.65) and −13.3 mm Hg (−19.9 to −6.75)/−4.62 mm Hg (−8.07 to −1.17), respectively. For completed shuttles, Δs at months 1 and 9 were 2.15 (−0.10 to 4.40) and 2.49 (−0.79 to 5.67), respectively. Δs in QoL were not significant. The correlations between the exercise-induced BP increases and the number of completed shuttles were similar in both groups. In conclusion, in patients at increased risk of developing HF, spironolactone reduced the pre- and post-exercise BP, but did not improve exercise capacity or QoL.

Daytime actisensitivity predicts nocturnal dipping patterns and morning surge in blood pressure: the Home-Activity ICT-based Japan Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Prospective study.

Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) is influenced by physical activity and the BP response to physical activity (actisensitivity) differs between individuals. This study investigated associations between daytime actisensitivity and nighttime BP dipping status and morning BP surge. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) with simultaneously monitored physical activity using a multisensor all-in-one device (TM-2441; A&D Company) was performed at baseline in HI-JAMP study participants. Those with complete BP measurements and complete physical activity monitoring data were included in this analysis. Actisensitivity was calculated as the slope of the regression line between daytime SBP and log-transformed physical activity over a 5 min period before each BP reading. Hyper and negative reactivity were defined as actisensitivity greater than 90th and less than 10th percentile, respectively. Data from 2692 individuals (mean age 69.9 ± 11.9 years; mean BMI 24.8 ± 4.1 kg/m2, 53.6% men) were analyzed. Those with hyper reactivity had a high prevalence of the extreme dipper pattern of nighttime BP and exaggerated morning BP surge; those with negative reactivity had higher nighttime BP and a riser pattern of nighttime BP. Results remained significant after adjusting for 24-h physical activity. Differences in diurnal BP variability based on actisensitivity were augmented in individuals aged at least 75 years. This study is the first to investigate associations between actisensitivity and 24-h ambulatory BP profiles using an all-in-one multisensor device in a large real-world population. The associations seen between either hyper or negative actisensitivity and abnormal diurnal BP variability, especially in the elderly, could contribute to increased cardiovascular event risk. University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000029151 (HI-JAMP study).

Abstract P189: Maternal Hyperandrogenemia Programs Hypoandrogenemia and Intrarenal Activation of Histone Deacetylase in Adult Male Offspring

Polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) is the most common endocrinopathy in young women. In-utero, children of ~80% of PCOS women in the US are exposed to maternal “hyperandrogenemia and obesity”. It remains unclear whether this exposure affects their cardiovascular ( CV ) health later in life. Using a well-characterized rat model of maternal PCOS, the hyperandrogenemic obese ( HAO ) dams, we previously showed that adult male, not female, offspring ( HAO F1 ) have enhanced blood pressure ( BP ) response to chronic angiotensin ( Ang ) II compared to sex-matched control offspring ( CON F1 ), suggesting their increased risk of later CV disease. Sex steroids have the potential to modulate epigenetics. Histone deacetylase ( HDAC ) and histone acetyltransferase ( HAT ) are markers of epigenetic modifications. HDACs have been shown to promote tumor necrosis factor ( TNF )-α expression and play a role in Ang II-induced hypertension. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that male HAO F1 have intra-renal activation of HDAC and increased TNF-α that could play a role in their Ang II BP response. Methods: At 4 weeks ( wks ) of age, female SD rats were implanted (s.c.) with either 5α-dihydrotestosterone pellets (7.5 mg/90 d; HAO) or placebo pellets (CON) and mated at 9-12 wks. Offspring were obtained and weaned at 3 wks. Serum testosterone ( T; by LC/MS-MS), renal cortical TNF-α (Bioplex) and renal cortical nuclear HDAC and HAT activities (colorimetric assays) were measured in male offspring (1/litter, 16-24 wks, n=5-9). Results: Male HAO F1 had significantly lower serum T, higher renal cortical HDAC activity and TNF-α (430.2±124 vs 120.6±14 ng/dl, 0.97±0.1 vs 4.51±0.96 OD/min/mg protein and 423.7±47 vs 579.8±47 pg/g tissue, in male CON F1 vs male HAO F1 , respectively, p&lt;0.05), and no change in their renal cortical HAT activity (vs male CON F1 ). Conclusion: Male offspring born to HAO dams develop hypoandrogenemia that is associated with intra-renal activation of HDAC that could be mediating their increased intra-renal inflammation (TNF-α expression) and mediating their exaggerated BP response to Ang II. Future studies will determine the causative relationship between hypoandrogenemia, HDAC activation and TNF-a and their role in the exaggerated pressor response to Ang II in those male offspring. Funding: AHA-24DIVSUP1273026 (JA), NIH-NIGMS P20GM121334 (JFR, NMS), R01HL135089 &amp; R01AG075963 (JFR), AHA-22CDA938320 and 2024 Dean Franklin Award (NMS).

Inhibition of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in premenopausal women: responses to sudden sensory stimuli predict responses to mental stress.

Muscle sympathetic nerve responses to sudden sensory stimuli have been elucidated in several studies on young healthy men, showing reproducible interindividual differences ranging from varying degrees of inhibition to no significant change, with very few subjects showing significant excitation. These individual response patterns have been shown to predict the neural response to mental stress and coupled blood pressure responses. The aim of this study was to investigate whether premenopausal healthy women show similar neural and blood pressure responses. Muscle sympathetic nerve recordings from the peroneal nerve were performed in 34 healthy women (mean age 27 ± 8 yr) during sudden sensory stimuli (electrical stimuli to a finger) and 3 min of mental stress (forced arithmetics). After sensory stimuli, 18 women showed varying degrees of inhibition of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (burst amplitude mean reduction 60%, range 34-100%). The remaining 16 showed no inhibition (mean 5%, range -31 to 28%; one subject exhibiting excitation). During 3 min of mental stress, the normalized change in burst incidence for muscle sympathetic nerve activity correlated with the percentage change of muscle sympathetic nerve activity induced by the sensory stimulation protocol (r = 0.64, P = 0.0042). In contrast to men, the neural responses did not predict changes in blood pressure. Thus, premenopausal females show a similar range of individual differences in defense-related muscle sympathetic neural responses as men, but no associated differences in blood pressure responses. Whether these patterns are unchanged after menopause remains to be investigated.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Muscle sympathetic neural responses to sudden sensory stimuli in premenopausal women showed interindividual differences and the distribution of sympathetic responses was similar to that previously found in men. Despite this similarity, the associated differences in transient blood pressure responses seen in men were not found in women. The increased risk of developing hypertension in postmenopausal women warrants an investigation of whether these response patterns are altered after menopause.

Abstract P375: Cardiovascular Correlates of Hypertension in People With and Without HIV

Introduction: Hypertension is associated with cardiometabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk especially in people with HIV (PWH) and the elderly. Lack of adherence to antihypertensive drugs heightens the CVD risk. Salt-sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP), characterized by increases in blood pressure in response to increases in dietary salt intake is a risk factor for hypertension and HIV may likely increase this risk. Aim: The goal of this study was to determine the differences in cardiometabolic and cardiovascular risk correlates of hypertension between PWH and HIV-negative. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at a large referral hospital in Zambia. We randomly sampled 132 adult PWH and HIV-negative individuals with known SSBP from an ongoing large cohort study. We conducted cardiovascular and metabolic phenotyping. Data was collected using research electronic data capture and analyzed using StatCrunch. We adjusted the multivariable analysis for age, sex, and BMI. All participants signed written consents. The study was approved by the Zambia National Health Research Authority. Results: The median age (interquartile range) for PWH and HIV negative group were 52 (46-63) vs 46 (29-59) years, respectively (p&lt;0.001). Females were preponderant in each group (32/50 PWH vs 50/82 HIV-negative). Hypertension was present in 28% (n=14/50) of PWH and 22% (18/82) among the HIV-negative. The factors associated with hypertension in the HIV-negative group after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI included development of heart palpitations following a salty meal ( AOR 4.53, 95% CI 1.10-2.18, p=0.047), preference for low salt (AOR 0.55, 95% CI 0.31-0.98, p=0.044), peripheral artery disease (AOR 5.90, 95% CI 0.39-8.95, p=0.003), left ventricular internal dimension at end -diastole (AOR 4.35, 95%CI 1.02-18.48, p=0.046), Framingham risk score (2008) ( AOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.04-1.39, p=0.012), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score (AOR 2.13, 95% CI 1.25-3.63, p=0.005). However, in PWH only waist circumference (AOR 1.16, 95%CI 1.03-1.32, p=0.015), SSBP (AOR 9.69 95%CI 1.84-51.00, p= 0.007), and Interventricular septum thickness at end -diastole (AOR 12, 95%CI 0.14-11.07, p=0.034) remained significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusions: Hypertension is associated with CVD in both PWH and HIV negative. However, the CVD phenotype and risk are different and require further investigation.

Abstract MP25: Buprenorphine pharmacotherapy reduces somatic signs of withdrawal in neonates but may not prevent cardiovascular risk in adult offspring with prenatal fentanyl exposure

Long-term effects on the cardiovascular system of offspring exposed to fentanyl in utero are one of the understudied aspects of the opioid crisis. Previously, we have shown that offspring exposed to opioids in utero display exacerbated somatic signs of withdrawal compared to vehicle-exposed offspring. We also showed that prenatal opioid exposure induce long lasting effects increasing blood pressure (BP) in the adult offspring. Buprenorphine (BUP) is one of the most effective FDA-approved standard-of-care therapies used to treat mothers with opioid use disorder and their newborns with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). Yet, long-term effects of BUP in the pediatric population is limited. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of BUP in reducing somatic signs of withdrawal in rat neonates and the long-term effects on BP control. Female Sprague-Dawley rat breeders were implanted with a chronic jugular vein catheter and subjected to 2-hr self-administration (SA) sessions of vehicle (VEH, 0.9% NaCl, n=3) or fentanyl (FEN, 2.5 μg/kg/infusion/lever press, n=3). After rats developed dependence, they were paired during proestrus with males for breeding. SA sessions continued until delivery. There were no changes in maternal weight gain and pup weights at birth. At postnatal day 1, a subset of FEN-SA pups was treated with BUP for 5 consecutive days (1 mg/kg, sc). Video recording was performed daily to quantify somatic signs of withdrawal, including body curls, head movements, and spasms. FEN-SA increased withdrawal at postnatal days 1-3. This effect was attenuated in FEN-SA offspring treated with BUP (p&lt;0.05).14-week-old male offspring were implanted with radiotelemetry (n=4 per group). Compared to VEH-SA, FEN-SA offspring showed: 1) increased BP in response to phenylephrine (PE, 40 µg/kg ip), 2) tachycardic response to 1-hour restraint stress followed by impaired BP recovery (p&lt;0.05, respectively), 3) similar acute responses to AngII (30 µg/kg, sc), 4) exacerbated BP and delayed heart rate recovery in response to acute FEN (20 µg/kg, sc, p&lt;0.05), although plasma clearance was similar between groups. BUP treatment in FEN-SA offspring did not influence acute changes in BP or heart rate to different hypertensive stimuli. Taken together our data suggests that an opioid-based therapy effectively reduced somatic signs of withdrawal; however, it does not seem effective in attenuating the acute and chronic BP responses in prenatal fentanyl-exposed offspring.

P089 RELATION BETWEEN ISOMETRIC STRESS-INDUCED PRESSURE RESPONSE AND P-WAVE OF THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

Background and objectives: The effects of isometric stress-induced vascular hyperreactivity on P wave duration have scarcely been studied. We set out to determine the relationship between isometric stress reactivity and the P wave in young hypertensives. Materials: A cross-sectional, prospective study was carried out on the relationship between the duration of the maximum P wave corrected for heart rate (Pmaxc) and the degree of blood pressure reactivity in two groups of 30 young men, who were divided into normotensive and hypertensive patients. The hypertensive patients were of recent clinical diagnosis. Vascular reactivity was measured by the sustained weight test (PPS). Results: Diastolic blood pressure variation (ΔPAD) was greater in hypertensives than in normotensives (15.83 mmHg ± 7.321 vs. 10.17 mmHg ± 5.331, p&lt;0.01) after application of the PPS. The ΔPAD correlated positively with Pmaxc in both groups studied, but was only significant in the hypertensive group (r=0.433; p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: Increasing levels of isometric stress induced by PPS correlate positively and significantly with Pmaxc. Figure 1: Correlation between diastolic blood pressure reactivity (ΔPAD) and heart rate correction for peak P wave (Pmaxc) in hypertensives and normotensives