Blood Pressure In Hypertensive Individuals Research Articles

Higher yogurt intake is associated with lower blood pressure in hypertensive individuals: Cross-sectional findings from the Maine–Syracuse longitudinal study

Associations between fermented dairy products and blood pressure are unclear. The current study therefore examined the association between yogurt and blood pressure in hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals. Cross-sectional analyses were undertaken on 915 community-dwelling adults from the Maine–Syracuse Longitudinal Study. Habitual yogurt consumption was measured using a food frequency questionnaire. The primary outcomes were systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure. Secondary outcomes included BMI (kg m−2), total cholesterol (mg dL−1), glucose (mg dL−1), HDL (mg dL−1), LDL (mg dL−1), triglycerides (mg dL−1), and plasma homocysteine (μmol L−1). Multivariable regression analyses revealed significant inverse associations between yogurt and both SBP (p < 0.05) and MAP (p < 0.05) in hypertensive (n = 564) but not non-hypertensive participants (n = 351). Future observational and intervention studies should continue to focus on at-risk individuals to examine the potential benefits of yogurt.

Correlation of Serum Zinc with Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Individuals

Background: Hypertension is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Trace elements deficiencies are believed to be related with development of hypertension and associated complications. Objective: To explore the correlation of serum zinc with blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from March 2020 to February 2021. A total of 100 adult subjects were selected purposively, among them 50 were diagnosed cases of hypertension and 50 were normotensive healthy adults as control group. Their blood pressure (BP) was measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated accordingly. Serum zinc and serum lipid profile [Total Cholesterol (TC), High Density Lipoprotein- Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low Density Lipoprotein- Cholesterol (LDL-C) and Triglyceride (TG)] of the study subjects were measured. Data were analyzed and compared by statistical tests. Results: The mean(±SD) age was 46.9±12.7 years in hypertensive patients and 43.1±8.5 years in control group. Male subjects were predominant in both groups. Majority of the hypertensive patients were found over-weight. Mean(±SD) levels of serum TC, LDL-C, TG were significantly high (p<0.05) and mean serum HDL-C level was significantly low (p=0.018) in hypertensive group. Mean(±SD) serum zinc level was significantly low (p=0.020) in hypertensive group. In hypertensive group, serum zinc had significant negative correlation with systolic blood pressure [SBP (r= - 0.620, p<0.001)] and diastolic blood pressure [DBP (r= - 0.446, p=0.001)]. Conclusion: The serum zinc level is significantly low in hypertensive individuals. Serum zinc has a negative correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressures in hypertensive individuals.

Effect of a plant-based bioequivalent inorganic nitrate ([formula omitted]) complex with vitamins, antioxidants and phytophenol rich food extracts in hypertensive individuals - A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

This study assessed efficacy of plant based bioequivalent nitrate complex, consist of vitamins, natural antioxidants and phytophenol rich food extracts to elevate nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability as determined by saliva conversion of nitrate (NO3-) to nitrite (NO2-) a required step to produce NO, in relationship to lowering blood pressure (BP) in both men and women. 67 individuals (26 men; mean age of 59.3±9.0yrs) with mean baseline systolic and diastolic BP >120 and 80mmHg respectively were randomized to receive daily dosing of 314mM NO3- or NO3- free (placebo) tablets in double-blinded study for 12 weeks (wks). Inorganic NO3- tablets consist of NO3- rich beetroot extract, thiamine nitrate, and potassium nitrate in the presence of ascorbic acid, to facilitate NO bioavailability. The primary endpoint of the study was reduction in BP at 12wks by improving endothelial function. At study conclusion, mean±SD reduction in systolic BP (SBP) in the inorganic NO3- group was 12.5±13.3mmHg (p=0.0007), as compared to 6.19±11.39mmHg (p=0.004) in the placebo group, for a placebo-corrected reduction of-6.31mmHg (95% CI 10.89-2.31, p=0.04). NO3- also reduced diastolic BP by 4.7±10.3mmHg (p=0.01), while no significant reduction in placebo group (1.98±9.38mmHg, p=0.24) was noted. Endothelial function improved at 12 weeks by 0.8±3.1 (p=0.03) in active group when compared to 0.1±1.8 (p=0.82) in placebo group. Endothelial function improved robustly reducing both systolic and diastolic BP in hypertensive individuals with daily supplementation of dietary NO3-. CLINICALTRIALS. NCT03909789.

Motivasyonel Görüşmenin Hipertansif Bireylerin Yaşam Tarzı, Vücut Kitle İndeksi, Kan Basıncı, Özyeterlilik Algısı ve İlaç Tedavisi Uyumuna Etkisi

Aim: This study aims to analyze the effect of motivational interviewing on the lifestyle, blood pressure, body mass index, selfefficacy perception, and medication adherence of hypertensive individuals.Material and Methods: This study was conducted with hypertensive individuals between the ages of 25 and 45 registered in seven Family Health Centers in Akşehir, Konya. Inclusion in the present study was voluntary, and 80 people who agreed to participate were randomized into two groups as experimental and control groups. However, the present study was completed with 75 participants. Both groups were administered the pre-test, then the experimental group was visited for a total of 5 times: four visits at three-week intervals and one visit after one month. In each visit, a 30 to 45 minute individual motivational interviewing was carried out. The study was completed by administering the last-test to both groups. The study was conducted between February 6 and June 24, 2014, and the data were analyzed using the SPSS 17.0 package.Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the pre-test and last-test scores of the experimental group in terms of Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, the Medication Adherence SelfEfficacy Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale.Conclusion: Motivational interviewing can be used in ensuring healthy nutrition and regulation of exercise level and blood pressure of hypertensive individuals, and in increasing their selfefficacy and treatment adherence.

Impact of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy on vascular function and blood pressure in hypertensive individuals.

The present study investigated the impact of 12weeks of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy on peripheral vascular function, blood pressure (BP), and nitric oxide in hypertensive individuals. Thirty hypertensive individuals (SBP>130mmHg and/or MAP>100mmHg) were assigned to either PEMF group (n=15) or control group (n=15). During pre-assessment, participants underwent measures of flow-mediated dilation (FMD), BP, and blood draw for nitric oxide (NO). Subsequently, they received PEMF therapy 3x/day for 12weeks and, at conclusion, returned to the laboratory for post-assessment. Fifteen participants from the PEMF group and 11 participants from the control group successfully completed the study protocol. After therapy, the PEMF group demonstrated significant improvements in FMD and FMDNOR (normalized to hyperemia), but the control group did not (P=.05 and P=.04, respectively). Moreover, SBP, DBP, and MAP were reduced, but the control group did not (P=.04, .04, and .03, respectively). There were no significant alterations in NO in both groups (P>.05). Twelve weeks of PEMF therapy may improve BP and vascular function in hypertensive individuals. Additional studies are needed to identify the mechanisms by which PEMF affects endothelial function.

Comparison of Post-Exercise Hypotension Responses in Paralympic Powerlifting Athletes after Completing Two Bench Press Training Intensities.

Background and objective: Post-exercise hypotension, the reduction of blood pressure after a bout of exercise, is of great clinical relevance. Resistance exercise training is considered an important contribution to exercise training programs for hypertensive individuals and athletes. In this context, post-exercise hypotension could be clinically relevant because it would maintain blood pressure of hypertensive individuals transiently at lower levels during day-time intervals, when blood pressure is typically at its highest levels. The aim of this study was to compare the post-exercise cardiovascular effects on Paralympic powerlifting athletes of two typical high-intensity resistance-training sessions, using either five sets of five bench press repetitions at 90% 1 repetition maximum (1RM) or five sets of three bench press repetitions at 95% 1RM. Materials and Methods: Ten national-level Paralympic weightlifting athletes (age: 26.1 ± 6.9 years; body mass: 76.8 ± 17.4 kg) completed the two resistance-training sessions, one week apart, in a random order. Results: Compared with baseline values, a reduction of 5–9% in systolic blood pressure was observed after 90% and 95% of 1RM at 20–50 min post-exercise. Furthermore, myocardial oxygen volume and double product were only significantly increased immediately after and 5 min post-exercise, while the heart rate was significantly elevated after the resistance training but decreased to baseline level by 50 min after training for both training conditions. Conclusions: A hypotensive response can be expected in elite Paralympic powerlifting athletes after typical high-intensity type resistance-training sessions.

Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Hypertensive Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on blood pressure of hypertensive individuals. Continuous aerobic training programs are successful in health promotion and are effective in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) modulation. However, HIIT seems to be superior to MICT to improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched for randomized clinical trials that compared chronic effects of HIIT and MICT on BP in hypertensive subjects. Pre- and post-intervention changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) between MICT and HIIT were analyzed. Both interventions presented significant differences in SBP (MICT: mean difference (MD), 3.7mmHg [95% CI = 2.57, 4.82], p < 0.00001; and HIIT: MD, 5.64mmHg [95% CI = 1.69, 9.52], p = 0.005) and in DBP (MICT: MD, 2.41mmHg [95% CI = 1.09, 3.72], p = 0.0003; and HIIT: MD, 4.8mmHg [95% CI = 2.9, 6.7], p < 0.00001) compared with the control group. No differences were found in the SBP values (MD, 1.13mmHg [95% CI = - 0.01, 2.27], p = 0.05); however, differences were found between groups in DBP (MD, 1.63mmHg [95% CI = 0.83, 2.44], p = 0.0001). In the secondary outcome, both interventions increased VO2max in comparison with control groups (MICT: MD, 1.30ml/kg/min [95% CI = 0.92, 1.68], p < 0.00001; and HIIT: MD, 4.90ml/kg/min [95% CI = 3.77, 6.04], p < 0.00001), and HIIT promoted greater improvement than MICT (MD, 2.52ml/kg/min [95% CI = 1.90, 3.13], p < 0.0001). In conclusion, HIIT and MICT promote reduction in SBP in adults with hypertension, and HIIT showed a greater magnitude in DBP reduction. For hypertensive patients, HIIT may be associated with a greater improvement in VO2max than MICT might.

Isometric Exercise with Large Muscle Mass Improves Redox Balance and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Adults.

The aim of this study was to investigate the hemodynamic, oxidative stress (OS), and nitric oxide (NO) responses to a submaximal isometric exercise session (IES) involving large muscle mass. Fourteen hypertensive (HTG: age = 35.9 ± 8.1 yr, height = 1.73 ± 0.10 m, total body mass = 78.0 ± 15.8 kg) and 10 normotensive (NTG: age = 41.1 ± 9.4 yr, height = 1.71 ± 0.12 m, total body mass = 82.3 ± 22.4 kg) participants performed two experimental sessions in the leg press and bench press: (i) control session and (ii) 8 sets × 1 min contraction at 30% maximal voluntary isometric contraction with 2-min rest interval. Blood pressure (BP) was measured at rest and during 60 min postexercise. Blood samples were collected at rest, immediately after the session, and 60 min postexercise. NO was obtained through the Griess reaction method. OS parameters were analyzed using commercial kits. A repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test was used to analyze all dependent variables. A significant decrease in systolic BP was observed only for HTG at 45 and 60 min postexercise (baseline vs 45 min: P = 0.03, Δ% = 4.44%; vs 60 min: P = 0.018, Δ% = 5.58%). NO increased immediately postexercise only for HTG (P = 0.008, Δ% = 16.44%). Regarding OS parameters, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances presented a significant reduction 60 min after the IES for NTG and HTG; catalase increased in both groups. The data showed that only 8 min of IES with a large muscle mass elicits an elevated pro-oxidant activity leading to a greater NO bioavailability, increases antioxidant reaction, and consequently reduces BP in hypertensive patients.

High Sodium Intake Impairs Small Artery Vasoreactivity in vivo in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats

The effects of high sodium intake on the functionality of resistance arteries have been repeatedly studied in vitro, but no study has focused on salt-sensitive hypertension in vivo. We studied the in vivo reactivity of mesenteric small arteries (MSAs) to vasoactive agents in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats with various sodium diets. Twenty-four male DS rats were randomized into 3 groups: LS (0.3% NaCl diet), NS (0.6% NaCl diet), and HS (8% NaCl diet). After a 12-week intervention, the diameter changes of the MSAs after noradrenaline (NA) and acetylcholine (ACh) exposure were detected by a microscope, and changes in blood perfusion through the MSAs were measured by full-field laser perfusion imaging. HS enhanced the constrictive response of the MSAs to NA and attenuated the relaxing response to ACh. Low sodium intake reduced the response of the MSAs to NA and promoted ACh-induced vasodilatation. HS also aggravated NA-induced blood perfusion reduction and impaired ACh-induced hyperperfusion of the MSAs. Pathologically, HS was associated with arteriolar structural damage and fibrosis of the MSAs. We conclude that sodium intake affects the responsiveness of the MSAs to vasoactive agents in DS rats and might play important roles in modulating blood pressure in hypertensive individuals.

Hemodynamic responses to different isometric handgrip protocols in hypertensive men

Summary Objectives Several previous studies have shown that regular isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise reduces blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of hemodynamic variables to five IHG protocols of different combinations but similar workloads. Equipment and methods Fifteen sedentary men with pre to stage 1 hypertension (Mean ± SD; age, 46 ± 6 years, systolic blood pressure [SBP], 138 ± 7 mmHg; DBP, 89 ± 6 mmHg) completed five IHG protocols randomly on five separate sessions including 8 × 30 s at 60% of MVC (high intensity high frequency [HIHF]); 4 × 1 min at 60% of MVC (high intensity low frequency [HILF]); 8 × 1 min at 30% of the MVC (low intensity high frequency [LIHF]); 4 × 2 min at 30% of MVC (low intensity low frequency [LILF]) and 8 × 1 min at 3% of MVC (Sham). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured at rest and at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes of recovery. Plasma lactate levels were determined at rest and immediately after exercise. Results The highest increase in SBP was found immediately following HILF protocol and it was significantly (P 0.05). Conclusion These findings suggest that different IHG protocols of similar workloads affect hemodynamic variables differently, and that hemodynamic changes during and after IHG are related to the frequency and duration of contractions.

The Effects of Flavonoids on Cardiovascular Health: A Review of Human Intervention Trials and Implications for Cerebrovascular Function.

Research has suggested a number of beneficial effects arising from the consumption of dietary flavonoids, found in foods such as cocoa, apples, tea, citrus fruits and berries on cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction. These effects are thought to have a significant impact upon both vascular and cerebrovascular health, ultimately with the potential to prevent cardiovascular and potentially neurodegenerative disease with a vascular component, for example vascular dementia. This review explores the current evidence for the effects of flavonoid supplementation on human endothelial function and both peripheral and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Evidence presented includes their potential to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive individuals, as well as increasing peripheral blood perfusion and promoting CBF in both healthy and at-risk populations. However, there is great variation in the literature due to the heterogeneous nature of the randomised controlled trials conducted. As such, there is a clear need for further research and understanding within this area in order to maximise potential health benefits.

Intense aerobic exercise lowers blood pressure in individuals with metabolic syndrome taking antihypertensive medicine.

There is a growing tendency for physicians to prescribe exercise in accordance with the 'exercise is medicine' global health initiative. However, the exercise-pharmacologic interactions for controlling blood pressure are not well described. Our purpose was to study whether angiotensin II receptor type 1 blocker (ARB) antihypertensive medicine enhances the blood pressure-lowering effects of intense exercise. Fifteen hypertensive individuals with metabolic syndrome chronically medicated with ARB underwent two exercise trials in a blind randomized order. One trial was conducted after taking their habitual dose of ARB (ARB MED trial) and another after 48 h of placebo medicine (i.e. dextrose; PLAC trial). After placebo medication, brachial systolic blood pressure increased by 5.5 mmHg [P=0.009; effect size (ES)=0.476] and diastolic by 2.5 mmHg (P=0.030; ES=0.373). Exercise reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressures to the same extent in ARB MED and PLAC trials (7 and 8 mmHg, respectively, for systolic and 5 and 4 mmHg, respectively, for diastolic, all P<0.05). Pulsatile measures of arterial stiffness did not reveal an interaction effect between exercise and medication. However, postocclusion reactive hyperemia increased after exercise only in the ARB MED trial (361±169 to 449±240% from baseline; P=0.033; ES=0.429). ARBs and a bout of intense exercise each have an independent effect on lowering blood pressure in hypertensive individuals, and these effects are additive.

A novel model of clinical exercise delivery reduces blood pressure in hypertensive individuals

A novel model of clinical exercise delivery reduces blood pressure in hypertensive individuals

Exercise intensity and hypertension: what's new?

One bout of aerobic exercise and regular participation in aerobic exercise has been shown to result in a lowering of office and ambulatory blood pressure of hypertensive individuals. Higher-intensity aerobic exercise, up to 70% of maximal oxygen consumption, does not produce a greater hypotensive effect, compared with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Intermittent aerobic and anaerobic exercise, however, performed at an intensity >70% of maximal oxygen uptake has been shown to significantly reduce office and ambulatory blood pressure of hypertensive individuals. Thus, faster, more intense forms of exercise can also bring about blood pressure reduction in the hypertensive population. Compared with continuous moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, high-intensity intermittent exercise typically results in a greater aerobic fitness increase in less time and produces greater changes in arterial stiffness, endothelial function, insulin resistance and mitochondrial biogenesis. One of the characteristics of high-intensity intermittent training is that it typically involves markedly lower training volume compared with traditional aerobic and resistance exercise programmes making it a time-efficient strategy to accrue adaptations and blood pressure benefits. This review briefly summarizes the results of studies that have examined the effects of single and repeated bouts of aerobic and resistance exercise on office and ambulatory blood pressure of hypertensive individuals. Then a more detailed summary of studies examining the effect of high-intensity intermittent exercise and training on hypertension is provided.

Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Reveals Increased Sleeping Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Individuals at High Altitude

Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Reveals Increased Sleeping Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Individuals at High Altitude

Boarfish protein recovery using the pH-shift process and generation of protein hydrolysates with ACE-I and antihypertensive bioactivities in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Abstract Boarfish ( Capros aper Linnaeus) are frequently in European waters. In this work, the generation and identification of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE-I; EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory and antihypertensive peptides from Boarfish proteins are reported for the first time. Boarfish proteins were recovered using the pH shift process and hydrolysates were generated using the commercially available proteolytic enzyme alcalase CLEA, papain and protease AP. Molecular weight cut off (MWCO) filtration methods were used to enrich for peptides less than 10- and 3-kDa in size. The angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE-I; EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity of the generated hydrolysates and MWCO fractions was assessed in vitro . The 3-kDa Boarfish protein hydrolysate (BPH) generated using protease AP inhibited ACE-I by 85.8% (± 1.81) when assayed at a concentration of 1 mg/mL compared to the positive control captopril. Mass spectrometry was used to characterize the peptides within the BPH generated using protease AP. Moreover, the antihypertensive activity of this BPH was assessed in vivo using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) over a 24 hour period. Results obtained suggest that BPH generated using protease AP is a source of ACE-I-inhibitory peptides with antihypertensive effects in vivo . This hydrolysate has the potential for use as a functional food ingredient for the maintenance of normal blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Industrial relevance • This paper provides a potential alternative for marine processors for utilisation of their total catch in the generation of functional foods. • Discarded fish represents an obstacle to the sustainability of global fisheries. Due to the fact that the reformed European Common Fisheries Policy promotes landing of all species under the Total Allowable Catch (TACs) policy in Europe, it will be necessary for processors to utilise all species caught to prevent disposal costs. • Boarfish are caught presently as a co-product with other fish. In light of the new regulation and costs for disposal at landfill it will therefore be necessary to convert Boarfish into value added products. • Industry in Ireland and Denmark are particularly interested in this topic as have the largest quota for Boarfish within the EU. This paper describes a methodology for generation of protein hydrolysates from Boarfish with added health benefits. • This area is of increasing, commercial interest to marine processors and food product developers as fish are a known source of bioactive peptides. Boarfish ( Capros aper Linn) are frequently discarded in European waters. In this work, the generation and identification of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE-I; EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory and antihypertensive peptides from Boarfish proteins is reported for the first time. Boarfish proteins were recovered using the pH shift process and hydrolysates were generated using the commercially available proteolytic enzymes alcalase CLEA, papain and protease AP. Molecular weight cut off (MWCO) filtration methods were used to enrich for peptides less than 10- and 3-kDa in size.

Garlic Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Individuals, Regulates Serum Cholesterol, and Stimulates Immunity: An Updated Meta-analysis and Review

Background: Garlic has been shown to have cardiovascular protective and immunomodulatory properties.Objectives: We updated a previous meta-analysis on the effect of garlic on blood pressure and reviewed the effect of garlic on cholesterol and immunity.Methods: We searched the Medline database for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1955 and December 2013 on the effect of garlic preparations on blood pressure. In addition, we reviewed the effect of garlic on cholesterol and immunity.Results: Our updated meta-analysis on the effect of garlic on blood pressure, which included 20 trials with 970 participants, showed a mean ± SE decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 5.1 ± 2.2 mm Hg (P < 0.001) and a mean ± SE decrease in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 2.5 ± 1.6 mm Hg (P < 0.002) compared with placebo. Subgroup analysis of trials in hypertensive subjects (SBP/DBP ≥140/90 mm Hg) at baseline revealed a larger significant reduction in SBP of 8.7 ± 2.2 mm Hg (P < 0.001; n = 10) and in DBP of 6.1 ± 1.3 mm Hg (P < 0.001; n = 6). A previously published meta-analysis on the effect of garlic on blood lipids, which included 39 primary RCTs and 2300 adults treated for a minimum of 2 wk, suggested garlic to be effective in reducing total and LDL cholesterol by 10% if taken for >2 mo by individuals with slightly elevated concentrations [e.g., total cholesterol >200 mg/dL (>5.5 mmol/L)]. Garlic has immunomodulating effects by increasing macrophage activity, natural killer cells, and the production of T and B cells. Clinical trials have shown garlic to significantly reduce the number, duration, and severity of upper respiratory infections.Conclusions: Our review suggests that garlic supplements have the potential to lower blood pressure in hypertensive individuals, to regulate slightly elevated cholesterol concentrations, and to stimulate the immune system. Garlic supplements are highly tolerated and may be considered as a complementary treatment option for hypertension, slightly elevated cholesterol, and stimulation of immunity. Future long-term trials are needed to elucidate the effect of garlic on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Effects of Moderate-Intensity Resistance Exercise on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Individuals

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of moderate-intensity resistance exercise on postexercise hypotension (PEH) in the hypertensive. The study was conducted with eighteen hypertensive elderly individuals (20–30 years). They were subjected to two experimental sessions: control session (SC) and 50% (S50%) of 1RM. For each session, subjects were evaluated pre-and postintervention. In the preintervention, the blood pressure (BP) and FVR were measured after 10 min of rest. Thereafter, they were taken to the gym to perform the exercise sessions or remained at rest in each of the equipment during the same time.In the S50% group was composed of a set of ten repetitions of ten exercises, with an interval of 90 s between exercises. Subsequently,the FVR and BP measurements were again performed at 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 min of recovery (postintervention). The PEH was greater in S50% compared with SC, with the lower value of BP being found at 75 min of recovery for the two sessions (systolic BP:125.21 ±0.98mmHg versus 145.45 ±1.72 mmHg; diastolic BP: 83.60 ±1.67 mmHg versus 95.14 ±0.74 mmHg respectively). Moderateintensity resistance exercise was effective in promoting PEH, this phenomenon being accompanied by a reduction in FVR within the first minute of recovery in the hypertensive young.

Effect of Banana on Blood Pressure of Hypertensive Individuals:A Cross Sectional Study from Pokhara, Nepal

Effect of Banana on Blood Pressure of Hypertensive Individuals:A Cross Sectional Study from Pokhara, Nepal

Comparison of amlodipine with cilnidipine on antihypertensive efficacy and incidence of pedal edema in mild to moderate hypertensive individuals: A prospective study.

To compare amlodipine with cilnidipine on antihypertensive efficacy and incidence of pedal edema in hypertensive individuals. This was a three months prospective, observational study done at the tertiary care center of Karnataka, India. A total number of 60 (n = 60) newly diagnosed hypertensives (≥140/90) of either gender, attending outpatient department of medicine, were included in the study. Out of 60 patients, 30 patients who have been prescribed tablet amlodipine 5–10 mg/day and the other 30 who have been prescribed tablet cilnidipine 10–20 mg/day orally by the consulting physician, depending upon the severity of hypertension were followed every fortnight, screened for the presence of pedal edema and blood pressure control over a period of 3 months. Antihypertensive efficacy between two groups was compared by unpaired t-test and incidence of pedal edema was compared by Fisher's exact test. Of 30 patients in the amlodipine group, 19 patients presented with pedal edema (63.3%) and 2 patients (6.66%) in cilnidipine group presented with pedal edema during the study period. There was a significant difference in the incidence of pedal edema between amlodipine and cilnidipine group (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found in the antihypertensive efficacy of amlodipine and cilnidipine (P > 0.05). Both amlodipine and cilnidipine have shown equal efficacy in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. But cilnidipine being N-type and L-type calcium channel blocker, associated with lower incidence of pedal edema compared to only L-type channel blocked by amlodipine.