Blood Parameters In Mice Research Articles

Acute Toxicity of Dental Gel Based on Origanum vulgare in Mice.

The creation of new herbal medicines for their use in dentistry is relevant. The purpose of this work is to study the acute toxicity of the anticaries dental gel (ACDG3) developed by us based on Origanum vulgare. In case of studying the safety of anticaries dental gel "ACDG3" in animals, that with a single dose of up to 2000 mg/kg, the absence of pathological changes in the behavior of animals was noted. Biochemical studies indicate that the studied doses of dental gel did not lead to significant deviations in the blood parameters of mice and deviations fluctuated within the reference values. According to the results of a morphometric study conducted 15 days after the administration of the drug, no deviations were found. The histological evaluation of organs showed little change in the cardiac architecture in animals treated with ACDG3 at doses of 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg. On the other hand, no significant changes in the cardiac function were observed in all treated mice. As follows from the results obtained, in case of determining acute toxicity, the studied anticaries gel, ACDG3, showed low toxicity. For mice, LD50 was 2000 mg/kg intragastrically. So, according to the generally accepted classification of the toxicity of substances, ACDG3 can be attributed to the class of low-toxic substances (IV class of toxicity, LD50 > 5000 mg/kg, intragastric administration), that is, to practically nontoxic compounds.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the safety of Levilactobacillus brevis CGMCC1.5954 with probiotic potential based on tri-generation whole genome sequencing and animal studies

In this study, the safety of Levilactobacillus brevis CGMCC1.5954 was evaluated, which has probiotic properties, through both in vitro methods such as antibiotic susceptibility testing, biogenic amine testing, and virulence gene analysis, and in vivo methods including biochemical testing, routine blood index testing, and bacterial displacement capacity analysis. The results of HPLC analysis revealed that during incubation, L. brevis CGMCC1.5954 did not secrete cadaverine, histamine, putrescine, or tyramine. It exhibited sensitivity to tetracyclines, macrolides, cephalosporins, β-lactamase inhibitor complex, and other antibiotics, but not to aminoglycosides and quinolones, which is consistent with the behavior of other lactic acid bacteria. Its genome encodes a total of 2314 genes, including 1743 proteins and 109 signal peptides. Notably, no virulence genes were found in this genome. Additionally, the gene encoding the production of γ-aminobutyric acid was found in it. In vivo experiments indicated that gavage feeding of L. brevis CGMCC1.5954 for 28 d had no significant effect on normal growth, blood hemoglobin level, erythrocytes, white blood cells, and other routine blood parameters in mice. Furthermore, there was no migration of it observed in the liver, kidney, spleen, or blood during the feeding trial, which indicated that it did not cause any infections. Moreover, H&E staining showed no evidence of lesion damage to the liver, kidney, or other organs. To sum up, L. brevis CGMCC1.5954 is considered safe for producing fermented foods, especially those that contain high levels of γ-aminobutyric acid.

Effects of Silver – Copper (Core-Shell) Nanoparticles as Antiparasitic Drug In Some Blood Parameters of Mice

The current study included the synthesis and diagnosis of the silver-copper nanoparticles Ag-Cu NPs in theform of (core-shell) , with the commercial drug Albendazole Alb loaded on it Ag-Cu NPs /Alb . Then toknow its effect on some hematological parameters of the orally dosed mice at three concentrations (400, 800and 1200) mg/kg. The results showed a variation in the effect according to the concentrations used comparedwith the commercial drug treatment and the control treatment using only distilled water .

The Ameliorative Effects of chrysin against Methandienone-Induced change in blood Parameters in Mice

The Ameliorative Effects of chrysin against Methandienone-Induced change in blood Parameters in Mice

Acute Impact of Artificial Sweetener, Aspartame on Blood Parameter in Mice

Aspartame (APM) or L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester, a common artificial non-saccharide sweetener used as a sugar substitute in many foods and beverages, has shown some side effects on consumers. The objective of the present study is to study the acute impact of various doses of daily ingestion of APM on blood parameters of mice. Sixty healthy 3 months old male mice raised in the departmental animal house were divided into five groups i.e. the control were fed normal diet and tap water, while other 4 groups (12 each) were daily orally fed with 1 mL of either 40, 500, 1000 or 1500 mg/Kg b wt, dissolved in distilled water using gavages for consecutive 5 weeks. Fresh blood samples collected directly from the heart at dissection were subjected to complete blood counting (CBC) using automated blood analyzer (Cell DYN-1700) in addition to manual differential Leucocytes (WBC) counting. There has been a significant increase (p ≤ 0.01) in WBC counts starting from the lowest dose (40 mg/Kg·b·wt); significant decrease (p ≤ 0.01) in both Hemoglobin percentages (Hb%) and in Lymphocyte percentages (p ≤ 0.004) in comparison with control. It is concluded that the ingestion of aspartame using the above doses has acute impact and is not dose-dependent on blood parameters which could exert further, on the long run, health risks on to other tissues of consumers.

Using Tiletamine-Zolazepam-Xylazine Anesthesia Compared to CO2-inhalation for Terminal Clinical Chemistry, Hematology, and Coagulation Analysis in Mice

IntroductionIt is important that the method of anesthesia of mice does not considerably alter the animal's physiological and metabolic status before terminal blood sampling taken in order to analyze clinical pathology parameters. MethodsHematology, hemostasis, and clinical chemistry parameters were compared in male and female BALB/c mice exposed to either tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine (TZX) anesthesia or euthanasia in carbon dioxide (CO2) chamber to reveal an alternative method of anesthesia vs. the recommended CO2 inhalation. Blood samples were taken from the inferior vena cava. ResultsClinical blood parameters in mice exposed to CO2 inhalation or TZX anesthesia proved to be substantially different. The TZX group had lower activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen (statistically in males and tending in females) and lower platelets (PLT), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and white blood cells (WBC) in both sexes. TZX anesthesia resulted in lower blood serum concentrations of total protein, albumin and globulins, creatinine in males (higher in females); cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase (АLT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) in both sexes, and bilirubin in males. The calcium level decreased in TZX-anesthetized males and females while the phosphates decreased only in females. The volume of serum obtained from females of TZX group was approximately two times higher than in the CO2-anesthetized group, with the degree of hemolysis tending to decrease. DiscussionThe studied method of mouse anesthesia, followed by terminal blood sampling and analysis of clinical pathology parameters, suggests that TZX is a good alternative to CO2 inhalation in toxicological and other nonclinical studies. The differences in hemostasis, hematology, and clinical chemistry parameters between these groups are supposedly associated with alterations in physiological and metabolic status of mice under conditions of increasing hypoxia, respiratory standstill, and circulatory arrest after CO2 inhalation.

<i>In vivo</i> anti-malarial potentials of some plants extracts on ICR-mice, <i>Mus musculus</i>

Five medicinal plants, Acacia nilotica (Fabaceae), Citrus aurantifolia (Rutaceae), Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) Carica papaya (Caricaceae), and Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) used for the treatment of malaria/ fever by the Hausa people of Kano-Nigeria were selected based on their traditional claims. These were extracted using ethanol. The in vitro antiplasmodial activities of these extracts against laboratory adapted chloroquine susceptible strain of Plasmodium falciparum (3D7) were earlier reported (Dabo et al. 2013). This study was conducted to evaluate the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of four of these extracts using icr mice in the 4-day suppressive test against P. berghei. The extracts evaluated were: Acacia nilotica (Fabaceae) stem extract coded as ANSF1; Citrus aurantifolia (Rutaceae) leaf extract coded as CALF1; Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) leaf extract coded as MILF1 and combination of C. aurantifolia, Carica papaya (Caricaceae), M. indica and Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) leaves extract coded as CBLF1. CALF1, ANSF1 and CBLF1 (combination) exhibited appreciable degree of suppression of 31.06%, 25.16 and %16.35% respectively. MILF1 did not exhibit any suppression against the P. berghei parasite in vivo at all. With the exception of haemoglobin content (P<0.0363), haematological analysis of the various blood parameters of mice in the control and treated mice indicated no statistical difference (P>0.05). Thus it can be concluded that, the apparent absence of changes in haematological profile alongside activities exhibited by CALF1 (Rutaceae), CBLF1 (a combination) and ANSF1 (Fabaceae),) suggest the bio-availability and antiplasmodial activities of the active substances in the plants evaluated.Keywords: Antimalaria; In vivo, Plants Extracts; Mus musculus; Plasmodium berghei.

Effects of chitin and sepia ink hybrid hemostatic sponge on the blood parameters of mice.

Chitin and sepia ink hybrid hemostatic sponge (CTSH sponge), a new biomedical material, was extensively studied for its beneficial biological properties of hemostasis and stimulation of healing. However, studies examining the safety of CTSH sponge in the blood system are lacking. This experiment aimed to examine whether CTSH sponge has negative effect on blood systems of mice, which were treated with a dosage of CTSH sponge (135 mg/kg) through a laparotomy. CTSH sponge was implanted into the abdominal subcutaneous and a laparotomy was used for blood sampling from abdominal aortic. Several kinds of blood parameters were detected at different time points, which were reflected by coagulation parameters including thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplatin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB) and platelet factor 4 (PF4); anticoagulation parameter including antithrombin III (AT-III); fibrinolytic parameters including plasminogen (PLG), fibrin degradation product (FDP) and D-dimer; hemorheology parameters including blood viscosity (BV) and plasma viscosity (PV). Results showed that CTSH sponge has no significant effect on the blood parameters of mice. The data suggested that CTSH sponge can be applied in the field of biomedical materials and has potential possibility to be developed into clinical drugs of hemostatic agents.

Sodium Arsenite Induced Systemic Organ Damage and Changes in Various Blood Parameters in Mice

In this study, we examined the toxic effects of arsenic in vivo taking mice as a model animal. Swiss albino mice with similar weights were divided into two groups. The mice belonging to the first group were used as the control, while the other group was exposed to sodium arsenite (SA) through drinking water. Compared to control, the level of hemoglobin in SA-exposed mice was decreased while the number of neutrophils and monocytes were increased. In addition, SA also induced increase in liver and spleen weight within 8 weeks of exposure. In contrast, the weight of the kidney was found to decrease. These findings in mice model might be useful for better understanding of the toxic effects of arsenic in order to develop effective remediation process against arsenicmediated effects on human health. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i2.14576 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(2): 169-172, 2012 (December)

Haematology and Blood Chemistry Changes in Mice Treated with Terbuthylazine and its Formulation Radazin TZ-50

TBA is an herbicide in general low acute toxicity and placed into a third category of toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of TBA and its formulation Radazin TZ-50 in doses of ADI values and 1/100 LD 50 on haematological and biochemical blood parameters in mice. The number of leukocytes was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in all treated groups compared to non-treated mice (8.81 ± 3.23 × 10(9)/L). The lowest value 3.90 ± 0.74 × 10(9)/L was observed in group treated with TBA (1/100 LD 50) followed by TBA (ADI) 4.49 ± 0.98 × 10(9)/L, Radazin TZ-50 (1/100 LD 50) 4.67 ± 1.24 × 10(9)/L and Radazin TZ-50 (ADI) 4.73 ± 1.15 × 10(9)/L. The values of the enzyme AST was increased from 190.00 ± 26.46-270.00 ± 147.30 U/L in serum of all treated groups as compared to non-treated mice (110.00 ± 20.00). LDH values showed significant increase (3236.67 ± 56.86-4054.33.5 ± 837.16 U/L) as compared to non-treated mice (1010.00 ± 222.71 U/L). Total protein value was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in TBA 1/100 LD50 (63.00 ± 7.48 g/L) and Radazin TZ-50 1/100 LD50 (60.00 ± 2.00 g/L) compared to non-treated mice 52.00 ± 4.00 g/L. Increased serum concentrations of urea and creatinine obtained in mice treated with TBA and Radazin TZ-50 indicates a greater degree of dysfunction of the nephron. TBA and its formulation of Radazin TZ-50 in applied doses demonstrate changes in the number of leukocytes and limited hepatotoxic effects.

Assessment of biological changes of continuous whole body exposure to static magnetic field and extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields in mice

The question whether static magnetic fields (SMFs) and extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) cause biological effects is of special interest. We investigated the effects of continuous whole body exposure to both fields for 30 days on some liver and blood parameters in mice. Two exposure systems were designed; the first produced a gradient SMF while the second generated uniform 50 Hz ELF-EMF. The results showed a gradual body weight loss when mice were exposed to either field. This is coupled with a significant decrease ( P<0.05) in the levels of glucose, total protein and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum. A significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity was demonstrated in serum and liver paralleled with a significant elevation in hepatic γ-glutamyl transferase activity. The glutathione- S-transferase activity and lipid peroxidation level in the liver were significantly increased while a significant decrease in hepatic gluthathione content was recorded. A significant decrease in the counts of monocytes, platelets, peripheral lymphocytes as well as splenic total, T and B lymphocytes levels was observed for SMF and ELF-EMF exposed groups. The granulocytes percentage was significantly increased. The results indicate that there is a relation between the exposure to SMF or ELF-EMF and the oxidative stress through distressing redox balance leading to physiological disturbances.

Thiamine Deprivation Induces Reticulocytopenic Anemia in Slc19A2 Knockout Marrow: Evidence for Cell-Intrinsic Defect.

Megaloblastic anemia, diabetes, and sensorineural deafness characterize the autosomal recessive human disorder, Thiamine-Responsive Megaloblastic Anemia syndrome (TRMA). TRMA is due to mutations of the human SLC19A2 gene, which encodes a high-affinity thiamine membrane transporter. The murine Slc19a2 knock-out (-/-) model (Fleming et al, Mol Gen Metab ; 80 ( 2003), 234–241) develops thiamine-dependent reticulocytopenia without megaloblastic anemia or sideroblasts, but the whole animal knockouts become ill in thiamine-depleted settings, which limit investigation of erythropoiesis. Here we investigate, by bone marrow transplantation experiments, whether the erythropoietic defect is cell-intrinsic and correlated with the correct function of Slc19a2. We conducted this study by transplanting C57BL/6J-GPIb Slc19a2−/− (−/−) or wild type (+/+) bone marrow into C57BL/6J-GPIa wild type (+/+) mice. These congenic strains were chosen to distinguish host and donor cells by GPI isozymes. After host irradiation (525 cG for 2 doses), we injected 4 X106 donor marrow cells retro-orbitally. After engraftment, confirmed by GPIa/b assay (>60 days), we switched animals to either 2mg/kg chow thiamine diet (control) or 0 mg/kg thiamine (normal mouse chow is 22 mg/kg thiamine). The transplant experiments were carried in duplicate and included a total of 53 transplant recipient mice of both sexes. After 24-day diet both +/+ and −/− groups on 0 mg/kg thiamine diet lost weight (~28%). Blood parameters changed unequally. After 24 days on 0 mg/kg thiamine diet mice transplanted with −/− bone marrow reveled a significant increment of reticulocyte mean cell volume (MCV) (23% with P< 0.01) together with a relevant decrease of red blood cell count (46% and P< 0.01). A severe leukopenia diet correlated was also observed in both groups of mice on thiamine-depleted diet. The blood parameters of mice on 2-mg/kg diet did not reveal significant changes along the entire diet period. These results confirm the involvement of Slc19a2 membrane transporter in the impaired thiamine cell uptake and allow us to say that the erythropoietic defect we first observed in Slc19A2 KO mice is not only diet related, but due to a cell-intrinsic marrow defect.Tables. Peripheral blood parameters of bone marrow transplanted mice at baseline and after 24 days on depleted thiamine diet.BASELINEDonorWBCRBCMCV Retic−/−mean (StDev)20.41 (4.23)10.5 (3.46)61.83 (2.38)+/+mean (StDev)20.63 (2.36)9.24 (1.45)67.4 (3.03)P0.91400.42570.013624 days on 0 mg/kg thiamine dietDonorWBCRBCMCV retic−/−mean (StDev)8.53 (1.75)6.79 (1.65)76.18 (1.24)+/+mean (StDev)6.51 (3.16)6.09 (1.37)65.23 (5.04)P0.32320.03210.0011St Dev = Standard Deviation P = probability