Blood Of Broiler Chickens Research Articles

Choosing sample sizes for various blood parameters of broiler chickens with normal and non-normal observations.

Experimental power is a measure of the ability of an experiment to detect differences between treatment means. Researchers design experiments and then calculate the probability that differences are simply due to chance, the null hypothesis. The objective of the analyses reported here was to determine the appropriate number of samples to demonstrate significant differences of various magnitudes from broiler chicken blood constituents. Over 800 samples were taken for a study of the effects of sample storage time, serum vs. plasma, light intensity, and fed vs. fasted birds on blood cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, glucose, total protein (TP), albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, gammaGT, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, Ca and P. Various transformations increased the QQ plot R2 values from 0.000 to 0.149 or 0.00 to 17.62%. Most of the QQ plot R2 values were at or above 0.90. The 1/x2 transformation of blood P data showed the biggest increase in QQ plot R2 (0.846 to 0.995). The different standard deviations and coefficients of variation (CVs) found for each variable resulted in widely different numbers of replicates needed to detect differences in 2 treatment means. The extremes were glucose with a CV of 6.9% and ALT with a CV of 39.7%. For glucose, 15 replicates are needed to find a 10% difference in 97% of experiments; for ALT, 15 replicates would detect a 50% difference 91% of the time. The use of parameters such as cholesterol, glucose, TP, albumin, and globulin showed low CVs, indicating they may be considered as stable parameters. The lower CVs make it possible to find differences with a smaller number of replicates used in studies. As reported, the phosphorus values did not have a normal distribution of the data, so a transformation of these data could be an alternative to better discuss the results found.

Influence of phytase or myo-inositol supplements on performance and phytate degradation products in the crop, ileum, and blood of broiler chickens

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementation with free myo-inositol (MI) or graded levels of phytase on inositol phosphate (InsP) degradation, concentrations of MI in the digestive tract and blood, bone mineralization, and prececal digestibility of amino acids (AA). Ross 308 broiler hatchlings were allocated to 40 pens with 11 birds each and assigned to one of 5 treatments. The birds were fed a starter diet until d 11 and a grower diet from d 11 to d 22. All diets were based on wheat, soybean meal, and corn. Birds were fed a control diet, calculated to contain adequate levels of all nutrients without (C) or with MI supplementation (C+MI), or one of 3 experimental diets that differed in phytase level (modified E. coli-derived 6-phytase; Phy500, Phy1500, or Phy3000 FTU/kg), with P and Ca levels adapted to the recommendations of the phytase supplier for a phytase level of 500 FTU/kg. The gain:feed ratio (G:F) was increased by MI or phytase in the starter+grower phase by 0.02 g/g. Prececal P and Ca digestibility, P and Ca concentration in blood serum, and tibia ash weight did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). MI supplementation led to the highest MI concentration in the crop, ileum, and blood plasma across treatments. Phytase supplementation increased MI concentrations in the crop and ileum digesta in a dose-dependent manner and in plasma without any dose effect (P > 0.05). Prececal digestibility of some AA was increased by phytase. These outcomes indicate that MI might have been a relevant cause for the increase in G:F. Therefore, it is likely that the release of MI after complete dephosphorylation of phytate is one of the beneficial effects of phytase, along with the release of P and improvement in digestibility of other nutrients. Simultaneously, MI seems to have no diminishing effects on InsP degradation.

The effect of purified Quercus cortex extract on biochemical parameters of organism and productivity of healthy broiler chickens.

Aim:Modern methods of producing poultry meat without the use of antibiotics are known, and it is possible to achieve the desired conditions, including the use of herbal preparations. In addition, it is known that metabolites of medicinal plants are inhibitors of the quorum sensing system in bacteria. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of Quercus cortex extract in a reduced dose on the productivity and body state of healthy chicken broilers.Materials and Methods:For the experiment, 120 heads of 7-day-old healthy broiler chickens were selected, and they were divided into four groups (n=30, 3 replicates of 10 birds in each group) by the analog method. The composition of diets of the experimental Groups I and II additionally included Q. cortex extract and Groups II and III included an enzyme preparation containing glucoamylase and concomitant cellulolytic enzymes. The following methods of study were used; gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry and atomic emission spectrometry, and hematological analysis.Results:It was established that the increase in live weight of broiler chickens in experimental groups exceeded the analogous indicator in the control group by 3.1-16.6%, and feed intake within the entire experimental period increased by 2.6-15.4%, against a background of decreasing feed consumption for a weight gain of 1 kg of live weight (by 3.7-9.2%). There was an increase in iron concentration in blood of broiler chickens in Groups I and II (7.8-11.8%), in liver (23.7-92.4%, p≤0.05), and in spleen (53.9-77.7%, р≤0.05) against the background of a decrease in muscle tissue. A decreased content of monocytes and granulocytes was found, especially in experimental Group I.Conclusion:In the experiment, it was shown for the first time that the inclusion of Q. cortex extract in an enzyme-containing diet (anti-quarantine substances) was found to increase the productivity of poultry.

Effects of black pepper, jaggery supplementation and feed restriction on carcass traits and haematobiochemical profile of broilers

A study was conducted to study the effects of black pepper, jaggery supplementation and feed restrictions on carcass traits and haematological and biochemical profile of broilers. In this study, 480 chicks were distributed randomly into 8 treatments having total 60 birds per treatment (4 replicates × 15 chicks in each replicate). (T1_ Control group fed ad-libitum as per ICAR specification, T2-T1 With feed restriction (8–10 hrs), T3-T1 with 0.5% black pepper supplementation, T4-T1 with 0.5 % black pepper supplementation with feed restriction, T5-T1 with 1% jaggery supplementation, T6-T1 with 1% jaggery supplementation with feed restriction, T7-T1with 0.5% black pepper and 1% jaggery supplementation and T8-T1with 0.5% black pepper and 1% jaggery supplementation with feed restriction. Significantly lower liver percentage and giblet percentage was observed due to feed restriction. Significantly increase in dressing percentage was found in groups with black pepper supplementation. Non significant effect ofjaggery supplementation on carcass traits was observed. Blood cholesterol level was significantly low in feed restricted groups. Supplementation of black pepper significantly improves the hemoglobin levels as compared to groups without black pepper supplementation. Cholesterol level and glucose levels were also found lower in black pepper supplemented groups. Significantly (P<0.05) increase in hemoglobin level, glucose level and cholesterol level was observed in jaggery supplemented groups. It was concluded that feed restriction as well as supplementation of black pepper and jaggery in broiler's diet affect the carcass traits and haematobiochemical parameters of blood in broiler chickens.

Addition of Garlic Extract in Ration to Reduce Cholesterol Level of Broiler

The purpose of this research is to know the effect of garlic extract (GE) in reducing cholesterol level of broiler chicken by analyzing cholesterol level of broiler chicken blood. Two hundred one day broiler age were used in this study for 35 days. The chickens were randomly divided into four treatments, each treatment consist of five replications and each repetition consist of ten chickens. This research is used completely randomized design, such as: T0: 0% EBP, T1: 2%, T2: 4% and T3: 6%. Furthermore, at age 35 days each chicken was taken blood to be analyzed cholesterol levels, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and calculated the ratio of LDL and HDL levels. The data obtained were analyzed using software from Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS 16.0). The results of significant analysis continued by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. Addition of GE from the 2% level decreases (P <0.05) of LDL and total cholesterol, and increases HDL and HDL-LDL ratio. The conclusions is obtained garlic extract plays an important role in lowering cholesterol levels of broiler meat.

The Effect of a Probiotic Containing Enterococcus faecium DSM 7134 on Redox and Biochemical Parameters in Chicken Blood

Abstract It was postulated that administration of a probiotic to chickens can stimulate their antioxidant status while at the same time inhibiting oxidation processes. The objective of the study was to determine whether and how different levels and durations of application of a probiotic preparation containing live cultures of Enterococcus faecium and enriched with cholecalciferol and ascorbic acid influences indicators of lipid status and the redox reaction in the blood of broiler chickens. Four hundred day-old Ross 308 chickens were raised until their 42nd day of age. The animals were assigned to five experimental groups of 80 broilers each: a control group that did not receive the probiotic, T1 groups, which received the probiotic at 0.25 (E-0.25) or 0.1 g/l (E-0.1) throughout the rearing period, and T2 groups, which received the probiotic at the same levels, but during days 1–7, 15–21 and 29–35 of life. The probiotic preparation reduced the level of peroxides (LOH), malondialdehyde (MDA), cholesterol (TC), low density (LDL) cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and the activity of catalase (CAT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), acid phosphatase (AC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), while ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and glutathione (GSH + GSSG) levels were increased in the blood plasma of the chickens. The results obtained indicate that administration of this probiotic to chickens, especially in the amount of 0.25 g/l for the entire rearing period, stimulates synthesis of low-molecular-weight antioxidants responsible for maintaining redox homeostasis, without exerting a negative effect on liver metabolism in chickens.

Продуктивність та неспецифічна резистентність курчат-бройлерів за дії β-каротину

&lt;p&gt;Use in feeding broiler chickens of Vitaton and Vitadeps with and without butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) improves feed intake and water, and has no effect on body weight. The feeding of broiler chickens with mix fodder of Vitaton and BHT in doses that meet and exceed the physiological need of β-carotene calculated for retinol and Vitaton with no OSH in a normal dose of β-carotene did not significantly alter the absolute number of lymphocytes blood and the ratio of their subpopulation responsible for cellular (T-lymphocytes) and humoral (B-lymphocytes) immunity. Phagocytic activity of neutrophils and phagocytic index were not significantly changed in the peripheral blood of broiler chickens at feeding Vitaton as a source of β-carotene with/without BHT. Use of Vitaton without BHT in feeding of broiler chickens at a dose of 0.7 g/kg caused a lymphocytopenia. In chickens of this group we noted a decrease in the total number of lymphocytes in the blood due to decrease of cellular and humoral immunity, namely all subpopulations of T-lymphocytes, including T-helper cells - by 58.3 %, T-suppressors - by 41.0, T-helper cells active - at 43.5, B-lymphocytes by 60.1 %, and 0-lymphocytes – by 40.0 %. This is consistent with the reduction in titer of natural antibodies in their serum by 35.3 %. This phagocytic activity of neutrophils and index of phagocytes in blood of broiler chickens unchanged compared with the control. Use of Vitadeps in feeding broiler chickens at a dose of 5.6 g/kg in mix fodder also caused lymphocytopenia. This was reflected in the decrease of absolute number of blood 0-lymphocytes by 43.4 %, T-suppressors - by 38.7 % and T-helper cells active - by 39.0 %, but their ratio in the blood was like control level. Thus, usage of Vitaton and Vitadeps with/without butylhydroxytoluene in doses that meet the bird demands of β-carotene calculated to vitamin A, ensure the normal functioning of immune organs. Use of Vitaton with BHT as a source of β-carotene for the feeding of broiler chickens at a dose exceeding the normal content of vitamin A by 7 times, does not cause the violations of immunological homeostasis of the poultry. The Vitaton without butylhydroxytoluene and Vitadeps in doses exceeding the normal content of bird β-carotene calculated to vitamin A by 7 times depressing the immunopoesis in broiler chickens.&lt;/p&gt;

UTILIZATION PROBIOTIC LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FISH FROM WASTE FAECES ON LDL LEVEL BLOOD BROILER CHICKENS STRAIN LOHMANN

Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of lactic acid bacteria supplement from sewge force feeding fish to the LDL content of broiler chicken blood. The research samples are 40 of 1 day old broiler chicken from PT. Multi Breeder Adiram, which were divided into 4 treatments, were taken randomly and maintined for 42 days. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance using a completely randomized design unidirectional pattern, followed by a test of Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT).Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolates treatment (BAL) were used in this study is the bacterium Streptococcus thermopillus in the form of freeze drying from the Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, UGM. I as a control treatment (without BAL) Treatment II BAL cell count was 106 CFU / ml., The third treatment is the number of BAL Cells are 107CFU / ml. , IV treatment BAL cell count was 108 CFU /ml. The results showed that there is no significant effect of BAL isolate addition on the LDL level of the broiler chicken blood. Keywords: lactic acid bacteria, LDL, freeze drying

Blood metabolic profile of broiler chickens fed diets with different types and levels of inulin

The study was performed to evaluate the effect of a dietary level of two types of inulin differing in the degree of polymerization (DP), supplemented at different levels, on selected metabolic and immunological parameters of broiler chicken blood. Two hundred and forty 1-day-old broiler chickens were fed a diet without inulin addition (control group, C) or with standard inulin from chicory root with DP ≥ 10 (SI) or long-chain inulin (LCI) of DP ≥ 23 (Inulin Orafti®GR or Inulin Orafti®HPX, respectively; Orafti Beneo GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) at a level of 0.2%, 0.4%, or 0.6%. Therefore, 7 dietary treatments were formed. The experiment was carried out for 6 weeks. The addition of inulin had a significant (p ≤ 0.05) impact on the blood parameters analyzed, especially on the protein and lipid profile. The degree of polymerization of inulin and its level in the diet significantly affected the content of glucose and uric acid and creatinine levels in the blood plasma of 21-day-old chickens. The addition of the different types (SI vs. LCI) and levels (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) of inulin to the diet and the interaction of these factors affected the total protein level and the content of albumins and globulins. Some differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found between the experimental groups in total cholesterol and its HDL fraction content as well as in the activity of ALT and LDH. The other biochemical indices were not affected by the experimental factors. In conclusion, it may be stated that inulin with the higher polymerization degree (LCI; DP ≥ 23) provided better results of the blood metabolic profile throughout the broiler fattening period. However, the impact of this factor is not explicit. The addition of the inulin extract at an amount of 4-6 g per kg of mixture is recommended, but further experiments are recommended....

ІНТЕНСИВНІСТЬ ПРОЦЕСІВ ПОЛ У КРОВІ КУРЧАТ–БРОЙЛЕРІВ НА ТЛІ ВАКЦИНАЦІЇ ПРОТИ ХВОРОБИ НЮКАСЛА ТА ЗА ДІЇ ВІТАМІНІВ E ТА C

The article presents research data on indices of lipid peroxidation (TBA–active products and hydroperoxides lipids) in the blood of broiler chickens on the background of vaccination and disease Nyukasla for the actions of vitamins E and C.The study was conducted on three groups of 100 broiler birds each. Control group fed normal chicken feed. The first research group in addition to poultry feed said received – tocopherol acetate in an amount of 0.1 g/kg feed, the second – ascorbic acid 0.25 g/kg feed. The third research group chickens – tocopherol acetate and ascorbic acid at these doses. For research use blood that was in the chicken after decapitation at different ages: 11–, 27–, 34– and 41–day age. The results of performance of different age groups broiler chickens compared with the value of the index poultry 11–day age for vaccination, and a control group of birds.Studies have shown that the content of intermediate and final products of lipid peroxidation in the blood plasma of broilers depends on the age and period of immunization. Feeding high amounts of vitamin E and C in the composition of feed for broiler chickens caused a reduction (p &lt; 0.05 – 0.001) content in plasma lipid hydroperoxides and TBA–active products. PAUL likely lower rates of broiler chickens research groups suggest reducing the negative impact of stress factors on their bodies on the background of vaccination against the disease Nyukasla. These changes were more pronounced in the blood of chickens, which in addition to the basic diet receiving tocopherol acetate and ascorbic acid.

Use of multivitamin, acidifier and Azolla in the diet of broiler chickens.

ObjectiveThe experiments were carried out to measure the effect of multivitamin, acidifier and Azolla on growth performance, profitability and lipid profiles of blood of broiler chickens to produce safe and cost effective broilers.MethodsIn experiment 1, 240 day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were fed diets; D1 (control), D2 (D1 with 1 mL multivitamin/liter water), D3 (D1 with 1 mL acidifier/liter water), D4 (D1 with 1 mL multivitamin and 2 mL acidifier/liter water) having 3 replications in each, and 20 chicks/replication. In experiment 2, 150 day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were fed diets; T1 (control), T2 (5% Azolla in the diet), T3 (7% Azolla in the diet) and T4 (T1 with 1 mL multivitamin and 1 mL acidifier/liter water) having 3 replications in each, and 20 chicks/replication in control, and 10 chicks/replication in the remaining dietary treatment groups for 35 days.ResultsIn experiment 1, the highest live weight was observed in D4 (p<0.05), however, feed intake was statistically similar between diets (p>0.05). The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p<0.001) and mortality (p<0.05) were observed in D2 followed by D4, D1, and D3, respectively. There were no significant differences between diets for feed cost and net profit (p>0.05). However, evidently but not significantly, the highest net profit was obtained in D2 followed by D4, D1, and D3, respectively. In experiment 2, the highest live weight (p<0.05) and feed intake (p<0.001) were observed in T4. Mortality (p<0.01), FCR (p<0.01), feed cost (p<0.05) and net profit (p<0.05) were significantly different among diets. Considering net profit, T2 was the best performing dietary group followed by T3, T1, and T4, respectively. The lowest lipid profiles were observed in D3 followed by D1, D4, and D2, respectively (p<0.05). In experiment 2, the lowest total cholesterol, TG, and the highest amount of high density lipoprotein were observed in T2, followed by T3, T1, and T4, respectively (p<0.05). Evidently but not significantly, low density lipoprotein was the highest in T2 followed by T3, T4, and T1, respectively (p>0.05).ConclusionIn conclusion, Azolla and acidifier reduced lipid profiles of broiler chickens. Considering net profit and lipid profiles, 5% Azolla may be the suitable dietary group for producing safe and profitable broilers. However, more studies are needed to confirm this study prior to suggesting using Azolla in the poultry industry.

An investigation into blood microbiota and its potential association with Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis (BCO) in Broilers.

Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) is a common cause of lameness in commercial broiler chickens worldwide. BCO represents substantial production loss and welfare issues of chickens. The bacterial species or communities underlying BCO pathogenesis still remain to be fully characterized. To gain insights on blood microbiota in broilers and its potential association with BCO, blood samples collected from healthy (n = 240) and lame (n = 12) chickens were analyzed by deep sequencing of 16S RNA genes. The chicken blood microbiota were dominated by Proteobacteria (60.58% ± 0.65) followed by Bactroidetes (13.99% ± 0.29), Firmicutes (11.45% ± 0.51), Actinobacteria (10.21% ± 0.37) and Cyanobacteria (1.96% ± 0.21) that constituted 98.18% (± 0.22) of the whole phyla. The bacterial communities consist of 30–40 OTUs in the blood of broiler chickens, regardless of ages and other environmental or host conditions, and the blood microbiomes of BCO chickens were largely distinct from those of healthy chickens. In addition, Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) method revealed that Staphylococcus, Granulicatella, and Microbacterium were significantly enriched in BCO chickens as compared to healthy chickens. The results from this study have significant implications in understanding blood microbiota present in broiler chickens and its potential role in BCO pathogenesis.

Neutrophils stimulation index in people under consumption of broiler chickens meat at pre-slaughter stress correction

The data about changes in neutrophils stimulation index in men blood after consumption of broiler chicken meat with the natural origin immunomodulators, introduced in feed before slaughter, is presented in this paper. Spleen extract biologically active substances were used as immunomodulators and anti-stressors during pre-slaughter period. Biologically active substances influence on putrescin, spermine and spermidine content in broiler chicken blood before slaughter and on some non-specific resistance indices in people was determined after consumption of broiler chicken meat. Two groups of broiler chickens at one month age were formed for the study. The spleen extract obtained with ultrasound application (I research group) served as biologically active substances was added to the feed of broiler chickens in pre-slaughter period (five days before slaughter). Blood polyamines such as putrescin, spermine and spermidine were determined by the method of High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on the liquid chromatograph Agilent 1200 (USA). The second experiment was conducted on 10 people. We recruited 10 healthy male medical students (20 years old, on average) after the National Medical license examination. Spleen extract polyamines as immunomodulators and anti-stressors have the most effective influence on total quantity of polyamines in broiler chicken blood. As a result of research, it is found that aerosol introduction of spleen extract into broiler chicken feed reliably increases total quantity of polyamines by 39% and, in particular, spermidine concentration by 34%, and spermine by 40% compared with broiler chickens of the control group. Some non-specific body resistance indices in men blood upon consumption of broiler chicken meat varied within the physiological norm. The neutrophils stimulation index increased in men blood (+0,82) after consumption of meat of broiler chickens to which spleen extract as immunomodulator and anti-stressor was introduced before slaughter (experimental group). The neutrophils stimulation index decreased in men blood (–2,21) after consumption of broiler chickens meat at pre-slaughter stress (control group). The neutrophils stimulation index in men blood of experimental and control groups differed by 34,8%, but did not go beyond the physiological norm. At the final stage of poultry feeding it is necessary to consider pre-slaughter stress and to apply biologically active substances of natural origin, such as spleen extract. The results obtained in the experiment on broiler chickens can be used in studies of non-specific resistance indices of the farm animals for increasing the organism resistance, correction and avoiding of pre-slaughter stress and improvement of product quality

Influence of immunomodulators of natural origin on cellular immunity indices in blood of broiler chicken under stress

The paper deals with researching of T- and B-lymphocytes relative quantity and functional activity in broiler chicken blood after using of animal origin immunomodulators in conditions of pre-slaughter stress. The authors determined the relative amount of T- and B-lymphocytes and their individual populations in the reaction of spontaneous rоsetting with the sheep erythrocytes in blood. Besides, the differentiated count of rоsetting lymphocytes with the various degree of functional activity was conducted. The spleen extract (70% alcohol solution in volume of 1.4 ml per chicken) was added to the diet of broiler chicken of experimental groups by aerosol method. This extract was obtained with/ without ultrasound application. 70% alcohol solution in the same volume and using the same method was added to the diet of broiler chicken of the control group five days before slaughter. The authors have not established probable increase of T-lymphocytes general quantity in broiler chicken blood in both experimental groups. It is shown that pre-slaughter stress in broiler chicken caused by weaning has immuno-suppressive effect on T- and B-lymphocytes in blood, which is accompanied by their quantity and functional activity decrease. T- and B-lymphocytes amount and functional activity of T- and B-cell immunity was stimulated after adding immunomodulators of natural origin to broiler chicken diet. Spleen extract polyamines as immunomodulators and antistressors most effectively influenced on some of cell immunity indices before slaughter – it is necessary to note the increase in T-helper lymphocytes in the broiler chickens blood caused by lymphocytes with medium (6–10) – by 18% (Р &lt; 0.05) and high density receptors (М) – by 35% (Р &lt; 0.05) compared to the control. It is shown that decrease of T-lymphocytes quantity in broiler chicken blood is caused by lymphocytes with law (3–5) – by 22% (Р &lt; 0.01) and high (M) – by 11% (Р &lt; 0.05) density receptors with increase of medium density receptors (6–10) – by 15% (Р &lt; 0.05) compared to the control. The results obtained in the experiment can be used in the investigations of cell immunity indices of farm animals in order to increase the organism resistance and to correct their pre-slaughter stress.

Effect of probiotic “Vetlactoflorum” on some physiological parameters of broiler chickens

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of supplemental probiotic preparation “Vetlactoflorum” on some hematological and biochemical constituents of blood in broiler chickens. One hundred fifty broiler chickens breed "Ross-308" used in one day old, divided into three groups of 50 chicks (control" un supplemented probiotic" , first treatment group received “Vetlactoflorum-C” and second treatment group received “Vetlactoflorum-M”). Samples were taken in 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 day-old. Experimental study conducted to determine whether supplementation of probiotic could improve the blood characteristics of broilers chickens, shown that these selected probioticorganisms are able to effect on hematological and biochemical aspects, and also some minerals in broiler chickens.

Effect of probiotics “Vetlactoflorum-M” and “Vetlactoflorum-C” on some serum blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickens

The aims of this study were to evaluate effect of using liquid preparation "Vetlactoflorum-M" (dissolved in diluted milk) and "Vetlactoflorum-C" (dissolved in whey) on some parameters such as concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and uric acidin blood of broiler chickens. One hundred fifty broilers chicken breed "Ross-308" used in one day old, divided into three groups (each of 50 chicks as follow: (control" un supplemented probiotic" , first treatment group received “Vetlactoflorum-C” and second treatment group received “Vetlactoflorum-M”). Blood samples were taken in 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 day-old. The results showed that the selected probiotics ("Vetlactoflorum-M" and "Vetlactoflorum-C") are able to reduce uric acid, increase glucose. Lower concentrations of serum cholesterol and triglycerides were observed in the treatment groups. So the results were improved by using probiotic.

The fine structure of broiler chicken blood cells, with particular reference to basophils, after severe heat stress

The fine structure of blood cells, with particular reference to basophils, was studied in broiler chickens before and after they had been subjected to heat stress. Granule counts in basophils after heat treatment showed a significant reduction in their total numbers compared with pre-heat treatment. This depletion of granules corresponded with evidence of degranulation seen at the ultrastructural level. Of the three types of basophilic granules described, only the type I electron-dense, homogeneous variety of granule was significantly reduced in number. After heat stress, there was a significant increase in heterophil lobulation. In several birds there was also evidence of cytoplasmic fragmentation in the form of portions of cells containing granules but no nuclei, lying free in the circulation. Damaged mitochondria, not seen before heat treatment, were frequently observed in the cells. Monocytes also showed significant increases in cytoplasmic lipid droplets after heat stress compared with pre-heat treatment, suggesting the onset of possibly early fatty degeneration. However, there was no evidence of increased pseudopodia or pinocytotic activity in these cells. With heat stress, there was a significant reduction in the numbers of electron-dense granules in the small lymphocytes. Despite there being a smaller proportion of circulating eosinophils after heat stress, which was considered to be the result of an immediate stress response, no significant differences were evident between pre- and post-heat treatment in the cells. The red cells and thrombocytes from post-heat-stressed broilers were significantly longer and thinner compared with pre-heat treatment due possibly to dehydration. The dimensional and ultrastructural changes identified in the cells after heat stress question their effective functional ability in raising an immune response under such circumstances.