Blood Of Broiler Chickens Research Articles

Biochemical indices of blood protein metabolism as criteria of broiler nutrition adequacy

The experiments were conducted on the broiler chickens of the cross "Smena-9" in the vivarium of the Selective Genetic Centre "Zagorskoe Experimental Breeding Farm" in Sergiev Posad. The results of the blood plasma biochemical tests showed wavelike changes in the trypsin activity at all ages stu- died. The increased concentration of total protein at 7 days of age in all groups could have been induced by switching from endogenous feed when receiving exogenous feed containing more protein than the yolk sac. The age dynamics of the alkaline phosphatase activity had sharp fluctuations throughout the whole rearing period. At 1–7 days of age, there was an increase in the phosphatase activity with a subsequent decrease until 35 days of age relative to the control in all groups. The peak of high activity of this enzyme occurs on the 7th day – 31030 units/l in the control group and on the 14th day in the experimental group 2. Thereafter, there is a gradual decrease in the activity of this enzyme. A sharp increase in the level of alkaline phosphatase in the blood of broiler chickens at 7–21 days of age indicates intensive growth and formation of the organism, but a sharp surge in activity at 7 days of age could also be caused by the transition to a new diet, which in itself is a stress factor. A decrease in the activity of this enzyme at 28–35 days of age indicates a slowdown in the growth process. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to investigate the biochemical composition of blood in different periods of post-embryogenesis of broiler chickens of the cross "Smena-9" at changing the level of protein in the diet, which in this case remains a relevant and informative source of information on the effect of changes in the ingredient composition of feed on the bird organism as a whole.

Evaluation morphofunctional state of broiler chickens body's under the applica-tion of various doses of Combiiod

One of the key and mandatory prerequisites for the creation and approbation of new veterinary preparations, both in the context of national legislation and the requirements of the International Community for Registration of Veterinary Medicines, is clinical studies in compliance with the provisions of “Good clinical practice” (GCP). This primarily concerns medicines with a new substance, pharmacology, and efficiency, which have not yet been studied. The technology of growing poultry requires the use of veterinary drugs not only for the prevention of infectious diseases but also for the improvement of metabolic functions and correction of the body’s resistance. One of the priority tasks is to ensure the complete work of the digestive system since it depends on the body's absorption of the nutrients required for the growth of poultry. Among poultry farms, there is considerable interest in drugs with antibacterial, general stimulating action, and coccidiostatics, especially those that do not have an elimination period. The company “Brovafarma” LLC has developed a new form of drug based on Povidone-iodine and sodium selenite for oral use of poultry for the treatment and prevention of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, myxomycetes, protozoa organisms sensitive to iodine, and for metabolic disorders. That is why the purpose of our experimental studies was to study the safety of a new veterinary drug “Combiiod”, a “solution for oral use”, for healthy broiler chickens. According to the results of the study, it was found that the feeding of the drug “Combiiod” chickens-broiler at a therapeutic dose (0.2 ml per 1 liter of water) and in 5 multiple therapeutic doses (1.0 ml per 1 liter of water) within 5 days for two courses with weekly interval was well tolerated by the experimental poultry, did not cause death and violation of the morphofunctional state of broiler chickens bodies. In the blood of broiler chickens, which received the drug “Combiiod” at the therapeutic dose, most studied morphological and biochemical indicators were within the physiological values for this type of poultry. They did not differ significantly from the indicators of the control group. In the serum of poultry, which used 5 multiple therapeutic doses, a significant decrease in the content of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and uric acid and an increase in the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the content of bile acids were revealed. Analyzing the coefficients of individual internal organs and mass of broiler chickens, no significant difference in indicators between experimental and control groups has been noted. Pathomorphological examination has not established a violation of the morphofunctional state of broiler chickens ’ bodies, which received a therapeutic dose. Histological changes in the structure of the kidneys, liver, and heart, which were reversed, were found in the poultry that received 5 multiple therapeutic doses of the drug.

Effect of cuprum proteinate on blood parameters in broiler chickens

The data obtained during the scientific and economic experiment show that the replacement of copper sulfate with copper proteinate in broiler chickens, even in smaller doses, did not significantly affect hematological and biochemical blood parameters. Some increase in the total level of albumins and globulins, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and the content of calcium, phosphorus and copper in blood serum was noted. Introduction of cuprum proteinate to compound feed to broiler chickens of the third experimental group in doses of 13.9; 12.6 and 9.0 g/t (on average for 42 days – 12.5 g/t) contributed to a probable increase in total protein by 14.2 % (Р < 0.05) on the 30th day of the experiment and by 12.3 % (Р < 0.05) on the 42nd day of the experiment compared to the control group. At the same time, the level of albumins increased by 11.9 % (Р < 0.05) and 15.8 % (Р < 0.05), and globulins by 12.0 % (Р < 0.05) and 10.7 %, respectively. This fact shows that reducing the dose of cuprum proteinate has a positive effect on protein synthesis, activation of albumin and globulin synthesis occurs, which reduces the load on the immune system of broiler chickens and has a positive effect on protein metabolism. On the 42nd day of the experiment, the calcium content in the blood of all groups increased, but in the experimental groups it was higher than the control indicator in the second group by 4.8 % and by 5.6 % in the third experimental group. Regarding the level of Phosphorus in the blood serum of experimental groups of broiler chickens, its amount increased to 1.85–1.96 mmol/l on the 42nd day. The content of cuprum in the blood of broiler chickens, which were fed cuprum proteinate as part of compound feed, was probably higher than the indicator of the control group. Chickens of the second experimental group, which were fed cuprum proteinate in quantities of 18.2; 16.8 and 12.0 g/t of compound feed exceeded their counterparts by 14.0–16.3 % (Р < 0.05). Broiler chickens of the third experimental group, which were added to compound feed with cuprum proteinate in doses of 13.9, 12.6 and 30 g/t, prevailed on day 30 of the experiment by 18.8 % (Р < 0.01), and on day 42 day by 18.9 % (Р < 0.01). A higher level of Calcium and Phosphorus in the blood serum of experimental broiler chickens indicates an increase in the resistance of the bird to infections and better mineralization of bone tissue. Feeding of cuprum proteinate to broiler chickens makes it possible to reduce the dose of the trace element in compound feed, which reduces the burden on the bird's body and increases the biological availability of mineral compounds.

ДИНАМИКА МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ И БИОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ КРОВИ ЦЫПЛЯТ-БРОЙЛЕРОВ КРОССА РОСС-308 НА ФОНЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ПРЕПАРАТА АРГУМИСТИН

The paper presents experimental data on the effect of Argumistin on the dynamics of morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of broiler chickens of the Ross-308 cross. It has been established that the use of Argumistin is promising for improving hematological and biochemical parameters of blood and improving metabolic processes in broiler chickens.

МОРФОБИОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ ПРОФИЛЬ КРОВИ ЦЫПЛЯТ-БРОЙЛЕРОВ НА ФОНЕ ИММУНОСТИМУЛЯЦИИ ОРГАНИЗМА

The paper presents the results of studies of the morphological and biochemical profiles of the blood of broiler chickens in industrial conditions of detention against the background of the use of immunostimulating drugs.

Validation of the method for determining lincomycin levels and calculating lincomycin levels in broiler chicken plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Antibiotic residues that come from food of animal origin, such as broiler chicken, have a variety of consequences on human health and increase the likelihood of antibiotic resistance. Lincomycin residue investigations in broiler chicken especially in plasma broiler chicken should be undertaken utilizing the validation method analysis. The purpose of this study is to determine the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a validation method for calculating the residual concentration of lincomycin in broiler chicken blood plasma and compare it with the minimum Inhibitor Concentration (MIC) and Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) standards for lincomycin. Thirty-five-day-old broiler chickens cobb 700 were weighed and randomly allocated to and separated into control (placebo) and six treatment groups of varying doses and duration. The treatment group's suggested dosage of lincomycin was 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg/day given to 18-day-old chicken, along with drinking water for a week (A group) and 2 weeks (P group). Lincomycin levels in blood plasma were validated using HPLC. The residual lincomycin concentrations 24 hours and 1 week after injection were compared to the lincomycin MIC and the Indonesian National Standard of MRL. The validation of linscomycin reveals a linear value in blood plasma with an R2 of 0.9983. Precision and accuracy levels indicate promising results for detecting lincomycin. The retention duration for 100 µg/ml lincomycin was 10.0-10.5 minutes. Lincomycin had LOD and LOQ values of 13.98 and 4.86 µg/ml, respectively. After 1 week of dosing at 50 and 100 mg/kg dosages, lincomycin residue detection was 0.00, which was below the MRL criterion of <0.1 ppm. The study found that the residual concentration of 150 mg/kg dosages for a week and 100/150 mg/kg doses for 2 weeks above the lincomycin MIC limits against Mycoplasma synoviae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enteritidis. Lincomycin detection by HPLC in chicken blood plasma showed promising results in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, and sensitivity. Lincomycin administration for 1 week at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg resulted in the lowest residual concentration below the lincomycin MIC and MRL standards.

Yolkin, a Polypeptide Complex from Egg Yolk, Affects Cytokine Levels and Leukocyte Populations in Broiler Chicken Blood and Lymphoid Organs after In Ovo Administration.

Yolkin is a polypeptide complex isolated from hen egg yolk that exhibits immunomodulating properties. The aim of the present study was to determine whether in-ovo-delivered yolkin affects leukocyte populations and cytokine levels in broiler chickens. The experiment was carried out on eggs from Ross 308 broiler breeder birds. Yolkin was administered in ovo on the 18th day of incubation, once, at the following three doses: 1, 10, or 100 µg/egg. The immunological parameters were assessed in 1-, 7-, 14-, 21-, 28-, 35-, and 42-day-old birds kept under farming conditions and routinely vaccinated. The leukocyte populations were determined in the thymus, spleen, and blood. The cytokine (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10) levels were determined in the plasma of the broiler chickens. Each experimental group included eight birds. The most pronounced effect of yolkin was an increase in the population of T cells, both CD4+ and CD8+, mainly in the blood. This effect on the lymphocyte subsets may be valuable regarding chicken immune responses, mainly against T-dependent antigens, during infection or after vaccination.

A comparative study on the effect of the, local hawthorn leaf powder, with the mixture of liquid enhancers (Garlimmune) on the physiological characteristics of the blood of broiler chickens

This study was conducted in the Poultry Farm for KYSAR Company in Erbil City and aimed to determine the effect, adding of the single Powder of Hawthorn tree leafs PHTL with or without adding mixed Garlimmune liquid to Obtain the Synergism effect upon physiological blood parameters for ROSS-308 broiler. In this experiment randomly distributed 144 unsexed one-day age broilers to 6 treatments with three replicates for each. The system of feeding was ad libitum and the drinking water was available and the average live weight of the chicks was 40 gm. The nutritional treatments were as follow. T1, basal diet (Control I diet), T2: basal diet with 0.025 % of PHTL, T3: basal diet with 0.50% of PHTL, T4: basal diet and the drinking water contained liquid Garlimmune as 0.50ml per100 liter. T5: basal diet with 0.25% of PHTL and the drinking Wart Contained liquid Garlimmune as 0.50ml per N100 water, T6: The basal diet with 0.50% of PHTL and drinking water contained liquid Garlimmune as 0.50ml per 100 drinking water. The Statistical analysis for the serum bio chemical parameters obtained significantly (P ≤0.05) depression of the cholesterol and Triglycerides for the 2,3,4,5, and 6th treatments serum by comparing with control group birds the Serum by comparing with control group birds. The serum total protein percentage for the 3rd treatment was significantly (P ≤0.05) bigger than another treatments and average for the same parameter for the serum of control group birds was less from all treatments, while the low density lipoproteins for the serum of 6th treatment birds were significantly (P ≤0.05) less than control treatment birds. There was no significantly difference between the serum cef the all treatments birds for the values of albumin and globulin.

Effect of probiotic biologics on morpho-biochemical parameters of broiler chicken blood

In the production of broiler poultry products, market operators use intensive technologies that involve the use of various, environmentally friendly nutraceuticals, in particular, probiotic preparations. In the technology of raising broiler chickens, probiotic preparations are necessary as a means for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, stimulating the growth and increasing the productivity of poultry. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of probiotic biologics on haematological parameters when it is fed to broiler chickens. The experiment used 20 broiler chickens, which were given a probiotic from 28 to 42 days in the following amounts: 0.5 g/10 dm3 , 2.0 and 4.0 g/10 dm3 of water. It was found that the morpho-biochemical parameters of poultry blood corresponded to the physiological standards for broiler chickens of the established age and confirmed the absence of pathophysiological changes in their body. On days 35 and 42 of rearing, an increase in the number of leukocytes from 4.4 to 17.2% and the haemoglobin content by 3.9 and 6.2%, respectively, was observed in the blood of broiler chickens fed the probiotic at a dose of 4.0 g/10 dm3 compared to the control group. On day 35 of the study, a 1.2-fold increase in total serum protein was observed when drinking a probiotic in poultry, respectively, at doses of 2.0 and 4.0 g/10 dm3 of water, and on day 42 – 1.0 times for its drinking at a dose of 4.0 g/10 dm3 of water. It was found that the content of inorganic calcium and phosphorus in the poultry blood serum corresponded to physiological limits, which indicates a sufficient level of mineral nutrition in the body of broiler chickens. The absence of changes in the activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, the content of total lipids, cholesterol, and creatinine in the blood serum of broiler chickens of the experimental groups indicates the hepato- and nephronethoxicity of the probiotic. Based on the results obtained, the drug under study can be recommended to increase the resistance of the poultry body and regulate metabolism

Characterization of proteoglycan products of naturation of chitosan extraction liquid waste with sulfate ions

The process of naturation of chitosan extraction liquid waste into proteoglycans with various types of binders is an effort to make new materials / materials that are expected to provide benefits to increase livestock productivity. The new material (proteoglycan) is formed through a reaction mechanism that is highly dependent on the original component as well as additional components that function as receptors (inhibitors) or activators (triggers) for the formation / occurrence of molecular adhesion (chelating) to a core chain. In addition, the process of naturation of liquid waste is also an effort to manage or handle the environment from waste which if not handled can have a negative impact on the environment. This can happen because the denaturation of protein components or molecules contained in liquid waste becomes pollution due to the decay process. The purpose of the study was to obtain the character of proteoglycan quality as a result of the addition of various types of sulphate ion binders through measuring the digestibility and hematologic values of blood in broiler chickens. The study used experimental methods in the laboratory. The experimental design used was a Complete Randomized Design (6 X 4), with six treatments (3 types of chemical product binders and 3 types of biological product binders), which were repeated four times. The effect of the treatment was statistically tested by fingerprint analysis, and the difference between treatments was tested with the Duncan Multiple Distance Test. The research was carried out in two stages, namely the preparation stage (making proteoglycans with the addition of three types of sulphate ion binders), and the product quality testing stage. Product testing through measurement of digestibility (dry matter and protein) and hematologic (number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and haematocrits) values of broiler blood. The results showed that liquid waste extracting chitosan from shrimp shells (both through chemical and biological processes) can be used as a source of making proteoglycans and can be used as a feed supplement in broiler chicken rations. Quality characteristics of proteoglycan products: good quality Proteoglycans of chemical and biological processes with potassium sulphate binders; Moderate quality chemical and biological process proteoglycans with ammonium sulphate binders, and biological process proteoglycans with sodium hydro sulphate binders; and Poor-quality Proteoglycan chemical process with sodium hydro sulphate binder. The number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and haematocrits blood of broiler chickens are normal for all types of products.

ДЕЙСТВИЕ СЕЛЕНСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ НА ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ СТАТУС БРОЙЛЕРНЫХ ЦЫПЛЯТ

The use of selenium-containing preparations "E-selenium", "Selplex" and "LovitVA + SE" in the diet of broiler chickens stimulates humoral non-specific protective factors, an increase in the number of erythrocytes, total protein, albumin, vitamin E, carotene and allows you to get high-quality products of meat origin from broiler chickens. At the first stage of research, it was established that the physiological status of Ross 308 day old chickens is characterized by a relatively high content of leukocytes and platelets in the blood, and stab and segmented pseudoeosinophils in the leukogram, which protect the body from adverse environmental factors. The content of such formed elements as erythrocytes is at the lower limits of the physiological norm. The concentration of hemoglobin in them is also low. The introduction of the drug "Selplex" into the diet contributes to an increase in such humoral non-specific protective factors as lysozyme and bactericidal activity of the blood serum of chickens. At the second stage of research, selenium-containing preparations "E-selenium" and "LovitVA + SE" were used for broiler chickens. The use of the drug "E-selenium" contributes to an increase in the content of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood of chickens, the content of erythrocytes, in comparison with the control group, increases. Additional use of the drug "LovitVA + SE" leads to an increase in the level of erythrocytes in the blood of broiler chickens, hemoglobin, and also contributes to an increase in the concentration of total protein, albumin, vitamin E and carotene in the blood serum.

К пониманию действия пробиотических препаратов на рост и гематологические параметры крови цыплят-бройлеров

К пониманию действия пробиотических препаратов на рост и гематологические параметры крови цыплят-бройлеров

WPŁYW DODATKU CHELATÓW CU I ZN NA ZAWARTOS´ C TYCH PIERWIASTKÓW W KRWI KURCZ ˛AT ´ BROJLERÓW ORAZ NA ICH MAS ˛E CIAŁA I KONWERSJ ˛E PASZY

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Cu and Zn chelates on the levels of these microelements in the blood of broiler chickens in successive weeks of rearing. The re-search material was Ross 308 broiler chickens. The study was carried out in two buildings with 30,000 chickens in each. From each building, 50 chickens were randomly selected to form the experimental and control groups. Blood for analysis was collected from the wing vein every 7 days, from the first day of fattening to day 42. In the experimental group the microelements zinc and copper contained in the feed were in organic form. The effect of the feed additive containing selected microelements in organic form on broiler chickens was assessed from weeks 1 to 6 of fattening. During the experiment the average body weight gains were monitored. Mortality was monitored, and feed consumption per kg weight gain was estimated. To conclude, the addition of organic Cu and Zn chelates to the diet of broiler chickens affected their average body weight gain, increasing body weight at the start and end of the fattening period (fifth and sixth weeks of age) while increasing feed conversion.

The effect of the causative agent of listeriosis on the body of broiler chickens under experimental conditions

Ross Cobb 500 chickens (40) were divided into four groups of 10 animals. On the 15th day of life, Chickens from experimental groups were orally infected with a daily culture at a dose of 0.5 Mac Farland-1 ml (1.5×108 CFU/cm3) L. innocua, L. ivanovii, L. monocytogenes). One group was a control group. At the time of slaughter, on the 38th day of the chickens' life, blood samples were taken for biochemical and hematological studies. At the end of the experiment, in the control group of chickens, all animals (10) were alive; in the L. innocua, L. ivanovii, and L. monocytogenes groups, 8, 9, and 7 birds remained, respectively. Infection of poultry with the causative agent of listeriosis did not affect the weight of experimental broiler chickens; the average weight of infected animals was almost at the same level as the control group: L. monocytogenes (2278.5 ± 169.6 g), L. ivanovii (2422.8 ± 63.4 g), L. innocua (2358.0 ± 68.9 g), control group (2320.0 ± 70.8 g). Among the biochemical indicators of the blood of broiler chickens, specific biochemical changes were found, which were characterized, first of all, by an increase in the level of creatinine and the ratio of Ca and P and a decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase. The established changes may indicate a violation of metabolic processes in bone and muscle tissue due to the action of Listeria. According to the results of hematological studies of the broilers of the control and experimental groups, it was established that heterophilia due to L. monocytogenes, eosinophilia, and lymphocytosis – due to L. ivanovii and L. innocua compared to the control.

Study the effectiveness of using a complex of disinfectants and probiotics in the presence of poultry

In the industrial production of broiler meat, optimal housing conditions are created to increase productivity and meat quality. To maintain the natural resistance of poultry, the technology of poultry must use probiotics and quality, safe disinfectants. This article deals with the discussion due to the research results on the integrated use of two probiotics and two disinfectants in raising broiler chickens. The scheme, modes, and terms of using probiotics and disinfectants for broiler chickens during their cultivation are offered. Doses and concentrations of the studied preparations are also generalized. The influence of the investigated preparations on hematological parameters, growth, and safety of poultry was analyzed. The results of the research showed that feeding with probiotics and disinfectants did not significantly influence the daily feed consumption of chickens but caused a 6.2 % increase in average daily gain and a decrease of 0.1 feed conversion rate in chickens of the experimental group. Production investigation has determined the modes of disinfection of poultry houses in the presence of broiler chickens when using a disinfectant, “Biolide”, based on hydrogen peroxide, lactic acid, and lactic acid. The bactericidal effect of disinfection of walls, floors, and feeding troughs of the premises with aerosol use of disinfectant “Biolide” and spraying of probiotic powder “Biozapin” 2 days after treatment, at the rate of 10‒30 g/m2 1 time in 2 weeks. There was an increase in the productivity of the studied poultry for feeding with probiotic feed “Biomagn” at the rate of 0.5 kg per ton of feed according to the scheme: from one day of age – seven consecutive days and 22 days of age – seven days in a row with constant water treated with disinfectant preparation “Diolide” based on chlorine dioxide, which made it possible to get quality products and cost-effective production. According to the research results, it is set that the optimal mode of aerosol disinfection of poultry houses in the presence of broiler chickens using 0.2 % disinfectant “Biolide” is 50 ml/m3 of the room at an exposure of 60 minutes. The safe and optimal concentration of the disinfectant “Diolide” during water treatment in the water supply system at a dose of 1.0 mg/l of chlorine dioxide corresponds to 0.0004 % concentration. The bactericidal effect of disinfecting the room's surface in the presence of poultry during its rearing after disinfection with the disinfectant “Biolide” and probiotic “Biozapin” was almost 100 %, which confirms its effectiveness. Under the action of the investigated preparations, a stimulating influence on the gas transport function of the blood of broiler chickens was revealed, especially in the older age of their rearing. In particular, at the age of 34 days, the concentration of hemoglobin was higher by 10.7 % (P &lt; 0.05), and the number of erythrocytes at the age of 34 and 41 days – by 41.7 (P &lt; 0.01) and 24.1 % (P &lt; 0.01), respectively. At the same time, likely changes in the number of leukocytes and the ratio of their species in the blood of chickens of the experimental group concerning the control were not detected. These data indicate that aerosol treatment of premises in the presence of chickens is non-toxic and has no negative influence on the physiological state, confirmed by investigations of morphological indicators of poultry blood.

Galacto-oligosaccharides and xylo-oligosaccharides affect meat flavor by altering the cecal microbiome, metabolome, and transcriptome of chickens

Studies have shown that prebiotics can affect meat quality; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate whether prebiotics affect the flavor of chicken meat via the gut microbiome and metabolome. The gut content was collected from chickens fed with or without prebiotics (galacto-oligosaccharides or xylo-oligosaccharides) and subjected to microbiome and metabolome analyses, whereas transcriptome sequencing was performed using chicken breast. Prebiotic supplementation yielded a slight improvement that was not statistically significant in the growth and production performance of chickens. Moreover, treatment with prebiotics promoted fat synthesis and starch hydrolysis, thus increasing meat flavor by enhancing lipase and α-amylase activity in the blood of broiler chickens. The prebiotics altered the proportions of microbiota in the gut at different levels, especially microbiota in the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, such as members of the Alistipes, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium genera. Furthermore, the prebiotics altered the content of cecal metabolites related to flavor substances, including 8 types of lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) and 4 types of amino acid. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by prebiotics were significantly involved in fatty acid accumulation processes, such as lipolysis in adipocytes and the adipocytokine signaling pathway. Changes in gut microbiota were correlated with metabolites, for example, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were positively and negatively correlated with lysoPC, respectively. Finally, DEGs interacted with cecal metabolites, especially meat-flavor-related amino acids and their derivatives. The findings of this study integrated and incorporated associations among the gut microbiota, metabolites, and transcriptome, which suggests that prebiotics affect the flavor of chicken meat.

Evaluation of therapeutic and prophylactic use of the drug anticoccidial "Сoсcimax" and feed additives "Mintov" and "NitaminOR Active" in experimental coccidiosis of chickens

The article presents the evaluation of curative and preventive efficacy of the anticoccidial drug "Coccimax" in a joint application of the feed additive "Mintov" and "NitaminOR Active", in experimental coccidiosis of chickens. For this purpose, the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of broiler chickens were analyzed. Based on the work done, it was concluded that with the development of chicken eimeriosis, there is a negative effect on the liver of birds, expressed by an increase in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase. However, the drug "Coccimax", both when mono used, and when combined with feed additives "Mintov" and "NitaminOR Active", contributes to the normalization of this indicator in comparison with the control group.

Hemoglobin Level and Total Differential Blood Leucocytes of Broiler Chicken Given Different Probiotics

The use of adding probiotics to drinking water is an alternative to reduce the accumulation of additional chemical feed residues in meat, which functions to maintain the balance of the microflora ecosystem in the digestive tract and provide enzymes that can digest crude fiber, protein, fat and detoxify toxic substances or metabolites. This study aimed to determine the hemoglobin level and total differential leukocyte blood of broiler chickens given different probiotics using 100 broiler strains of MB 202 platinum with 20 cages with a size of 80X80 cm. The research design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications consisting of 5 chickens for each replication. The results showed that blood hemoglobin levels had a significant effect (P&gt;0.05) and the administration of different probiotics into drinking water had no significant effect (P&gt;0.05) on the differential value of leukocytes (monocytes, eosinophils, heterophils, and basophils) in broiler blood, but giving different probiotics had a significant effect (P&lt;0.05) on blood lymphocyte levels in broiler chickens.

Use of Growth Promoter in Feed: Tylosin Phosphate and Oxytetracycline Di-Hydrate Show Synergistic Effect on the Haematological Parameters and Biochemical Components of Broiler Chicken Blood

Use of Growth Promoter in Feed: Tylosin Phosphate and Oxytetracycline Di-Hydrate Show Synergistic Effect on the Haematological Parameters and Biochemical Components of Broiler Chicken Blood

Effect of synbiotics administered in ovo on microvascularization and histopathological changes in pectoral muscle and the biochemical profile of broiler chicken blood

The aim of this study was to investigate whether injecting synbiotics to the egg air chamber on d 12 of embryo incubation will affect the processes of angiogenesis, and thus the share of histopathological changes in superficial pectoral muscle, as well as Ca and P in blood of 42-day-old broiler chickens. The eggs containing viable embryos were injected with 0.2 mL suspension of 1/physiological saline, 2/SYN1 composed of galactooligosaccharide (GOS) (trade name: Bi2tos®, Clasado Biosciences Ltd, UK) and L. salivarius or 3/SYN2 composed of RFO and L. plantarum. All birds were fed ad libitum the standard commercial feed mixtures: starter, grower, and finisher, with a constant access to water and feed. Injecting synbiotics in ovo on d 12 of the embryonal development significantly affected the blood supply to superficial breast muscle in broiler chickens. The highest density of capillaries in the muscle area under study and per muscle fiber were identified in the group of birds the egg air chamber of which was provided with synbiotic GOS+L. salivarius. Consequently, for the muscles of the birds injected with the same synbiotic there was found the highest share of normal fibers and least necrosis and splitting, as compared with the control. The conducted research confirms the relationship between the blood supply to the muscle and the occurrence of pathological changes. We have observed a positive effect of synbiotics on the microvascularization and the size of histopathological changes in the chicken muscle, which, from a practical perspective, can affect the health status and the meat quality. Blood biochemical analyses showed that the in ovo injection of synbiotics did not significantly affect the level of parameters, except for Ca and P. A significant increase in the concentration of these minerals in the blood of chickens injected with SYN1 could have a positive effect on the angiogenesis process.