Blood Low-density Lipoprotein Levels Research Articles

Anti-diabetic Activity of Spirulina and Chlorella in In vivo Experimental Rats

The effects of supplying experimental rats with unicellular green algae Chlorella and tiny filamentous cyanobacteria Spirulina, on type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were examined in the present study. Eight sets of male Sprague-Dawley albino rats, each with six individuals, were used in the investigation. Throughout the trial, Group 1 was the negative control group and was given saline regularly. Group 2 was given alloxan to induce diabetes. Spirulina was given to groups 3, 4, and 5 at dosages of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight, respectively, after diabetes induction. Similarly, groups 6, 7, and 8 received dosages of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight of Chlorella, respectively. The findings indicated that the control group had significantly higher levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), blood sugar, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and considerably lower levels of insulin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and phospholipids. However, rats given Spirulina (groups 3, 4, and 5) showed notably higher insulin, HDL, and phospholipids levels and significantly lower blood glucose, cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, and triglycerides levels. Rats fed with Chlorella (groups 6, 7, and 8) also showed increased effectiveness of feed ratios, greater final weights, and body weight growth percentages compared to the control group. The present study shows that supplementing with Spirulina and Chlorella improves insulin lipid patterns, blood sugar, and type 2 diabetes in vivo laboratory rats. According to the research, Spirulina and Chlorella may be used as functional meals to help control and cure diabetes.

Jatropha curcas L. Leaf Extract Effects on Blood Pressure and Lipid Levels in Hypertensive Rats with High-Fat Diet

Background: One of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAHD) is dyslipidaemia or high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides (TG) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Hypertension is also a cause of cardiovascular disease. One potential plant to lower LDL levels and blood pressure is Jatropha curcas, which is known to contain saponins, polyphenols, and flavonoids. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ethanol extract of Jatropha curcas leaves (EEJCL) on blood pressure, LDL levels, and HDL levels in hypertensive rats given a high-fat diet. Methods: This study is an experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design on male Wistar strain rats. Rats were divided into seven groups, namely the normal group, control group (induced with NaCl and given a high-fat diet), Captopril group, Simvastatin group, and EEJCL groups given doses of 1.8, 2.7, and 4.05 g/kg BW. The data obtained were analysed using the One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, Homogeneity of Variance, One-Way ANOVA, and Tukey Test. Results: The results showed that the administration of EEJCL could significantly lower LDL levels and blood pressure and increase HDL levels (p < 0.05) at doses of 1.8, 2.7, and 4.05 g/kg BW, and the dose of 4.05 g/KgBW was the most optimal dose. Conclusion: EEJCL has a potential for development in the treatment of hypertension and dyslipidaemia.

Apolipoprotein E Genetic Variant and Blood Lipid Responses to Plant Sterols: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of Clinical Trials.

Plant sterols/stanols are effective cholesterol-lowering agents. However, it is unclear whether the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genetic variants influence it. We investigated whether ApoE genetic variants modulate the responses of blood lipids to dietary intervention plant sterols/stanols in adults and if the intervention dose and duration, as well as the age and status of participants, influence this effect. Randomized clinical trials were identified by searching databases in the Cochrane Library. Random-effect models were used to estimate the pooled effect size of each outcome of interest total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were used to investigate the effects of potential modifiers on the outcomes of interest. Eleven articles were selected from 3,248 retrieved abstracts. Plant sterol/stanol intervention was associated with a more significant reduction in LDL levels in the E3 group [-0.251 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), -0.488 to -0.015] compared with both the E4 and E2 groups. In E4 carriers, the plant sterol/stanol intervention dose and duration resulted in a larger decrease in LDL levels (-0.088027 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.154690 to -0.021364). In conclusion, ApoE genetic variants affected the response of blood LDL levels to supplementation with plant sterols/stanols, as individuals with E3 variant showed significantly decreased LDL levels compared with the other genotypes. However, future studies recruiting participants according to their ApoE genetic variants are needed to confirm our conclusion.

Literature Review: The Role of Medium Chain-Triglyceride (MCT) in Improving Lipid Profiles in Dyslipidemia

Background: Dyslipidemia is a lipid metabolism disorder that causes changes in plasma lipoprotein function and/or levels of Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Administration of Medium Chain Triglyceride (MCT) is a non-pharmacological therapy that effectively improves lipid profiles and reduces the risk of dyslipidemia. Objectives: This study aimed to conduct a literature study regarding the role of MCTs in improving lipid profiles in dyslipidemic conditions. Discussion: MCT has a role in improving the lipid profile. One food source that contains MCT, which has a role in improving total blood cholesterol, TG, and LDL levels, is Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). About 60% of MCFA in VCO consists of 52% lauric acid and 12% myristic acid, which can benefit lipid metabolism. In addition, foods containing MCTs have a role in lowering blood cholesterol levels and reducing TG levels. Not only do they play a role in reducing total cholesterol, TG, and LDL levels, but MCTs also increase HDL concentrations. Conclusions: MCTs have a role in improving lipid profiles in dyslipidemic conditions, namely by increasing HDL levels and lowering TG, total cholesterol, and LDL levels.

Short-term effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on hyperlipidemic obese patients

Introduction Obesity has become a global epidemic and a major health problem in the twenty-first century. Studies have demonstrated that weight loss lowers increased serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and raises high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. One of the most recent procedures for managing weight loss in obese people with other options is laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on lipid profile in hyperlipidemic obese patients during the nine months of postoperative care. Methods From July 2020 to October 2021, 50 hyperlipidemic obese patients who were eligible for bariatric surgery underwent this prospective study at Main University Hospital in Alexandria, Egypt. Before and one, three, six, and nine months after the surgical intervention, measurements of body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fasting and postprandial blood sugar, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL levels were taken. Results The patients’ average age was 33.72±7.95 years. BMI, weight, blood sugar, and other measurements all significantly decreased. The mean body mass index (BMI) of the patients was 48.59±5.78 kg/m2 before surgery, however, it was reduced to 32.58±3.91 kg/m2 nine months afterwards. Studies revealed a statistically significant rise in HDL levels in the serum and a statistically significant fall in triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL levels. Results also revealed a favorable association between preoperative differences in age, BMI, and diabetes state and postoperative lipid profile alterations. Conclusion Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) decreases body mass index, improves glucose and lipid metabolism, and alters the lipid profile by significantly lowering total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol while significantly raising HDL cholesterol.

Relationship between Angiotensin II, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Arteriosclerosis Obliterans.

To investigate the relationship between angiotensin II (Ang II), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO). 60 ASO patients diagnosed and treated from October 2019 to December 2021 were selected for the observation group while 30 healthy physical examiners were for the control group. The general information (gender, age, history of smoking, diabetes, and hypertension) and arterial blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) of the two groups were collected, and parameters like disease site and duration, Fontaine stage, and ankle-brachial index (ABI) of ASO patients have been evaluated. Ang II, VEGF, uric acid (UA), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) were also detected for the two groups. The variations in UA, LDL, HDL, TG, and TC among two groups along with levels of Ang II and VEGF in ASO patients in accordance to conditions like the general situation, disease duration, disease site, Fontaine stage, and ABI risk level have been studied to establish a correlation between Ang II and VEGF and ASO. (1) The proportion of males with a history of smoking, diabetes, and hypertension was higher (P < 0.05) among ASO patients in comparison to the control group. The diastolic blood pressure, LDL, TC, Ang II, and VEGF levels were found to be higher (P < 0.05) whereas HDL was low (P < 0.01). (2) The level of Ang II in male patients with ASO was significantly higher than that in female ASO patients (P < 0.05). In ASO patients, the levels of Ang II and VEGF increased not only with age (P < 0.01) but also with progression in Fontaine stages II, III, and IV (P < 0.01). (3) Logistic regression analysis revealed Ang II and VEGF as risk factors for ASO. (4) An AUC (area under the ROC (receiver operator characteristic) curve) for Ang II and VEGF for the diagnosis of ASO was 0.764 (good) and 0.854 (very good), respectively, while their combined AUC in diagnosing ASO was 0.901 (excellent). The AUC of Ang II and VEGF together in diagnosing ASO was greater than that of Ang II and VEGF alone along with higher specificity as well (all P < 0.05). Ang II and VEGF were correlated with the occurrence and development of ASO. The AUC analysis demonstrates that Ang II and VEGF were highly discriminative of ASO.

Effect of a Wellness Programme on Aerobic Physical Exercise Adherence and Blood Lipid Profile Changes among Office Workers

Introduction. Lack of physical activity is a risk factor for dyslipidemia. Office work is a job associated with low physical activity. Wellness programmes in the workplace might increase physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness.Objective. This study aimed to determine the effect of a wellness programme on aerobic physical exercise adherence and blood lipid profile changes among government employees.Methods. This study used a randomized controlled trial design, with the intervention (wellness programme)conducted for six weeks. Thirty participants who were office workers in a government institution were allocated into two groups. The intervention group (n = 15) received health education, aerobic physical exercise (30 minutes on a treadmill, three times/week for six weeks), reminders, and a logbook. The control group (n = 15) received education only. The outcomes were adherence to the exercise programme and lipid profile levels.Result. The intervention group showed more adherence to aerobic exercise than the control group (OR 42.2, 95% CI 5.1, 346.9). The mean (SD) total cholesterol level in the intervention group was decreased by 9.9 (21.1) mg/dl, while in the control group, it was increased by −16.0 (14.5) mg/dl at the end of the study (p = 0.010). The mean (SD) of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the intervention group was also decreased by 0.9 (17.2) mg/dl while in the control group, it was increased by -14.8 (11.6) mg/dl (p = 0.007). No significant mean differences were observed for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride.Conclusion. A workplace wellness programmes can enhance employees’ adherence to physical exercise and decrease their total blood cholesterol and LDL level.

Cholesterol and fat in diet disrupt bone and tooth homeostasis in mice

Dyslipidemia is a condition of high levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood, and high levels of cholesterol is associated with a variety of systemic diseases. The effects of a high-fat diet on bone have been reported, however, it is not clear which components of a high-fat diet affect bone. This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary lipids and cholesterol on bone homeostasis maintenance. Eight-week-old male mice (C57BL/6 J) were fed five types of feed with different amounts of fat (14 %, 36 %) and cholesterol (0.01 %, 1.25 %, 5 %) for 12 weeks. Blood, femur, tibia, and tooth samples were examined, and serum lipid markers and bone morphology were determined using µCT and histological analysis. Additionally, bone marrow cells were obtained and cultured, and osteoclast differentiation markers analyzed using qPCR. Mice fed a diet high in both fat (36 %) and cholesterol (1.25 %) showed increased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels in blood, and decreased bone volume fraction as compared to the standard diet group. However, bone mass was unaffected in the high fat only (36 %) and high cholesterol only (1.25 %, 5 %) groups. Mice given a high fat (36%) diet also demonstrated significantly narrowed incisor pulp. In contrast, osteoclast formation was not significantly different among the groups. These results suggest that a diet with high amounts of both fat and cholesterol induces bone loss.

The effects of liraglutide on liver enzymes and metabolic factors in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease, but no drug therapies have been approved to date. While glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues may help in the management, the existing evidence remains conflicting. This meta-analysis aims to elucidate the efficacy of liraglutide in patients with NASH. We searched 4 databases for randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of liraglutide in patients with NASH. We analysed continuous outcomes using the mean difference (MD) and relative 95% confidence interval (CI), while dichotomous outcomes were analysed using the risk ratio (RR) and relative 95% CI. Primary endpoints included alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (IU/l), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (IU/l), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (IU/l), and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (IU/l). Secondary outcomes were body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm), total cholesterol (TC) (mmol/l), triglyceride (TG) (mmoll), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (mmol/l), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (mmol/l), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (%). A total of 5 clinical trials were included. The analysis showed that liraglutide is effective in increasing HDL (MD = +0.10 (-0.18, -0.02), p = 0.02) and reducing LDL levels in blood (MD = -0.29 (-0.56, -0.02), p = 0.04). No significant difference was noted in levels of ALT (MD = 2.66 (-1.56, 6.87), p = 0.22), AST (MD = -1.99 (-5.70, 1.72), p = 0.29), GGT (MD = 5.02 (-0.86, 10.90), p = 0.09), ALP (MD = -5.16 (-11.90, 1.59), p = 0.13), TC (MD = -0.31 (-0.65, 0.03), p = 0.07), or TG (MD = -0.14 (-0.53, 0.25), p = 0.48). The HbA1c (%) level was found to be significantly reduced in the liraglutide arm (MD = -0.62 (-0.88, -0.36), p < 0.01). Liraglutide effectively improves the lipid profile in patients with NASH.

Performance, Intestinal Histomorphology, and Blood Variables of Broilers Fed Amaranth Grain in Pellet Diet

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of amaranth grain in pellet diet on performance, intestinal morphology of jejunum, and selected blood variables of broilers. A total of 400 seven-day-old Ross 308 male broilers were allocated to 4 treatments with 5 replicates of 20 birds in a completely randomized design. Experimental treatments were included 4 levels of amaranth grain (0% (control), 2%, 4%, and 6%) in the isonitrogenous and isocaloric pellet diets. During the experiment, body weight (BW) and feed intake (FI) were recorded weekly and average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), as well as European broiler index (EBI), were calculated. On day 42, blood sera and jejunal tissue samples were obtained from 6 birds per replicate to evaluate morphological variables including villus height, villus width, and crypt depth, as well as selected blood variables. Although intestinal morphology and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were not influenced by experimental treatments, birds receiving 2% amaranth grain showed higher BW, ADG, and EBI compared to the other treatments (p<0.05). Chickens fed with diets including various levels of amaranth grain showed the decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol concentrations in the blood sera and reduced relative weight of abdominal fat compared to the control (p<0.05). Dietary addition of amaranth grain up to the level of 2% could improve the performance of broiler chickens, decreased blood cholesterol and LDL levels, and relative weight of abdominal fat which may have healthful effects on the birds and broiler-meat-consumers.

Effect of Aqueous Fruit Extract of Cucumis Sativus on Some Biochemical Parameters in Streptozotocin Induced-Diabetic Rats

Diabetes mellitus is among the major global public health problems and its prevalence is currently increasing at an alarming rate. The research was carried out to evaluate the effect of aqueous fruit extract of Cucumis sativus on blood glucose, total protein, total bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), urea, creatinine levels as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and electrolytes (Na + , Cl - and HCO 3 - ) levels on normal and streptozotocin induced-diabetic rat. The aqueous fruit extract was administered orally at a dose of 400mg/kg body weight to both normal and streptozotocin induced-diabetic rat. Twenty adult male rats were divided into four groups of five rats each, two groups were made diabetic and the other two groups were non-diabetic. One of the diabetic groups were administered with the aqueous fruit extract and the second served as diabetic control. The streptozotocin was administered intraperitoneal at a dose of 55mg/kg per body weight. The administration of the aqueous fruit extract lasted for 28 days. Effect of aqueous fruit extract on blood glucose, total protein, total bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, urea, creatinine, and electrolytes (Na + , Cl - and HCO 3 - ) levels were analysed. The toxic effect of the aqueous fruit extract was determined using biochemical enzymes markers. The photochemical screening of the aqueous fruit extract showed the presences of Alkaloids, Balsam, Cyanogenic glycosides, Flavonoids, Saponins, Resins and Carbohydrate. Administration with the fruit extract showed significant (P&lt;0.05) reduction on the serum blood glucose level and other biochemical parameters analyzed. The extract possesses no toxic effect as indicated by lowered AST and ALP levels and may be used for the management of diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Cucumis sativus, Phytochemicals, Diabetic Mellitus, Liver enzymes, hypoglycemic activity. DOI: 10.7176/JNSR12-2-04 Publication date: January 31 st 2021

Effect of exercise on lipid profile in males and females with a history of obesity in their first-degree relative

Background: Parental obesity is a major determinant of lipid profile in individuals. Long-term derangement of lipid profile can lead to increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Regular exercise can help to control the lipid profile in normal range. Aims and Objective: This study aims to see the effect of moderate intensity of exercise on lipid profile in both males and females with positive family history of obesity in their first-degree relatives (mother, father, or both). Materials and Methods: A total of 79 young, apparently healthy including 51 males and 28 females volunteer were selected in the study. The first-degree relative with body mass index >25 kg/m2 was considered as positive family history of obesity. Blood samples were taken for baseline lipid profile assessment then each subject had performed 30 min of moderate intensity exercise through cycle ergometer for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks of exercise, blood sample again collected. The estimation of serum lipid profile level was done in the pathology department. Results: Statistically significant reduction was observed between pre- and post-exercise blood triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in males. No statistically significant differences were observed between pre- and post-exercise blood cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and LDL levels in males, and pre- and post-exercise blood lipid profile levels in females. History of obesity in first-degree relative does not have direct impact on lipid profile in both genders. Conclusion: Lifestyle modification including exercise protocol and dietary restrictions has shown remarkable beneficial changes in each parameter of lipid profile according to literature.

Effects of hyperlipidemia on patellar tendon stiffness: A shear wave elastography study

BackgroundRecent studies presented that increased adiposity and hyperlipidemia may cause tendon pathology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hyperlipidemia on the patellar tendon stiffness by shear wave elastography. MethodsA total of 51 participants (19 female, 32 male) were included. Participants were divided into two groups, according to their low-density lipoprotein levels, as the study group (hyperlipidemia, n = 24) and the control group (non-hyperlipidemia, n = 27). The patellar tendon and rectus femoris muscle shear wave velocities were measured by shear wave elastography. FindingsPatellar tendon shear wave velocities was 5.02 (SD: 0.78) m/s in the control group and 5.98 (SD: 1.19) m/s in the hyperlipidemia group (ES = 0.95, P = .001). There was a positive moderate statistically significant correlation between patellar tendon shear wave velocity and low-density lipoprotein (r = 0.432, p < .002). In the multiple linear regression analysis, only low-density lipoprotein was found as a significant predictor of patellar tendon shear wave velocity (CI: 0.005–0.028, P = .007). InterpretationWe evaluated the effects of hyperlipidemia and body mass index on patellar tendon mechanical properties with shear wave elastography. We found that the blood low-density lipoprotein level had an impact on patellar tendon stiffness independently of body mass index. Accordingly, it is important to evaluate individuals' low-density lipoprotein levels when examining risk factors for tendon pathology.

HUBUNGAN TEKANAN DARAH DENGAN KADAR KOLESTEROL LDL(Low Density Lipoprotein) PADA PENDERITA PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONERDI RSUP.Dr.M.DJAMIL PADANG

Coronary heart disease is a disease caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries of the heart. This happens because of its high cholesterol levels can cause atherosclerosis in blood vessels Hypercholesterolemia mainly occurs when increased production of LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein). As a result of the narrowing of blood vessels blood flow to the heart will be disrupted, causing symptoms of chest pain that is a typical symptom of coronary heart disease. Chronic atherosclerosis can cause blood flow to the heart to be disturbed, so that the left ventricle must pump stronger to produce enough force to push blood through the atherosclerotic vascular system that can lead to increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure resulting in hypertension.&#x0D; This study included descriptive analytic research using cross sectional approach, is dependent variable (incidence of coronary heart disease) and indenpendent variable (blood pressure and LDL cholesterol level) collected at the same time. The study was conducted on September 10, 2016 - April 4, 2017 at the Central Laboratory and Heart Ward RSUP.Dr. M. Djamil Padang. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, that is the technique of determining the sample with certain consideration. Of 36 samples of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) showed a correlation between systolic blood pressure with LDL cholesterol level has a value of 0.585&gt; 0.05 which states there is a moderate relationship between the two variables, and has significant significance of 0.00 &lt;0, 05 and Ha are received.&#x0D; The correlation between diastolic blood pressure and LDL levels has a value of 0,507&gt; 0,05 which states there is a moderate relationship between the two variables, and has significant value of 0.02 significance &lt;0.05 and Ha is accepted. Based on these results then there is a significant relationship between blood pressure with LDL cholesterol levels in the blood.

Expression of long-chain fatty acid receptor GPR40 is associated with cancer progression in colorectal cancer: A retrospective study.

An increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with a western style diet, particularly hyperlipidemia. The expression of G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), a membrane-bound receptor for long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), was examined in 36 cases of subserosal-invading CRC and compared with clinicopathological parameters as well as triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in the blood. All patients with CRC expressed GPR40, which was positively associated with blood TG levels (P<0.0001) but not with blood LDL levels. GPR40 expression was positively associated with nodal metastasis, distant metastasis (particularly to the liver), stage and poor prognosis. Patients with high GPR40 expression and high TG levels had comparatively worse survival outcomes compared with patients with low GPR40 expression and low TG levels. The results of the present study suggest that activation of GPR40 may be associated with the progression and prognosis of CRCs. High levels of GPR40 and/or concurrent high levels of GPR40 and TG may be a risk for CRC progression.

EFFECT OF MELATONIN ON HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES INDUCED EXPERIMENTALLY IN ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder. It is a pathological state leads to long term complications causing damage of different tissue and organs as heart and blood vessels. Hypertension is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Melatonin has extraordinary antioxidant potential and reduce the level of free radical burden on the level of both oxygen and nitrogen species. Objective: Evaluation of melatonin on hypertension and diabetes induced experimentally in adult male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Seventy adult male albino rats of local strain were divided into equal seven groups as follow: Group I: served as control group received normal saline, Group II: diabetic group, Group III: hypertensive group, Group IV: Diabetic-hypertensive group, Group V: diabetic-melatonin-treated group, Group VI: Hypertensive-melatonin-treated group and Group VII: Diabetic-hypertensive-melatonin-treated group. At the end of experimental period, blood samples were obtained for detwrmination of glycated hemoglobin, plasma glucose, serum lipid profile (total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride (TG)), serum insulin, serum urea and serum creatinine levels. Measurments of blood pressure were performed for the hypertensive rats. Also, cardiac muscles samples were obtained for histopathology study. Results: STZ led to significant increase in blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, cholesterol, TG, LDL, serum urea and serum creatinine levels associated with significant decrease in serum insulin level.Cadmium led to significant increase in total cholesterol, TG, LDL, serum urea and serum creatinine levels associated with significant increase in blood pressure. Melatonin treatment led to significant decrease of blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, TG, LDL, serum urea and serum creatinine levels associated with significant increase in serum insulin level associated with significant decrease blood pressure. Conclusion: Melatonin has a protective effect against cardiac muscle abnormalities in diabetic, diabetic-hypertensive and hypertensive rats due to its antioxidant properties.

EFFECT OF MELATONIN ON HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES INDUCED EXPERIMENTALLY IN ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder. It is a pathological state leads to long term complications causing damage of different tissue and organs as heart and blood vessels. Hypertension is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Melatonin has extraordinary antioxidant potential and reduce the level of free radical burden on the level of both oxygen and nitrogen species. Objective: Evaluation of melatonin on hypertension and diabetes induced experimentally in adult male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Seventy adult male albino rats of local strain were divided into equal seven groups as follow: Group I: served as control group received normal saline, Group II: diabetic group, Group III: hypertensive group, Group IV: Diabetic-hypertensive group, Group V: diabetic-melatonin-treated group, Group VI: Hypertensive-melatonin-treated group and Group VII: Diabetic-hypertensive-melatonin-treated group. At the end of experimental period, blood samples were obtained for detwrmination of glycated hemoglobin, plasma glucose, serum lipid profile (total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride (TG)), serum insulin, serum urea and serum creatinine levels. Measurments of blood pressure were performed for the hypertensive rats. Also, cardiac muscles samples were obtained for histopathology study. Results: STZ led to significant increase in blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, cholesterol, TG, LDL, serum urea and serum creatinine levels associated with significant decrease in serum insulin level.Cadmium led to significant increase in total cholesterol, TG, LDL, serum urea and serum creatinine levels associated with significant increase in blood pressure. Melatonin treatment led to significant decrease of blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, TG, LDL, serum urea and serum creatinine levels associated with significant increase in serum insulin level associated with significant decrease blood pressure. Conclusion: Melatonin has a protective effect against cardiac muscle abnormalities in diabetic, diabetic-hypertensive and hypertensive rats due to its antioxidant properties.

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Seed Consumption And Aerobic Training Improves Biomarkers Associated with Atherosclerosis in Women with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D).

The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of atherosclerosis plaque biomarkers to purslane seed consumption and aerobic training in women with T2D. 196 women with T2D were assigned into; (1) placebo (PL), (2) aerobic training+placebo (AT + PL), 3) purslane seeds (PS), aerobic training+purslane seeds (AT + PS). The training program and purslane seeds consumption (2.5 g lunch and 5 g dinner) were carried out for 16 weeks. The components of purslane seed were identified and quantified by GC–MS. Blood samples were withdrawn via venipuncture to examine blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), creatinine, urea, uric acid, NF-κB, GLP1, GLP1R, TIMP-1, MMP2, MMP9, CRP, CST3, and CTSS expressions. Blood glucose, LDL, cholesterol, TG, creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels in the (P), (AT), and (AT + PS) groups were significantly decreased compared to the pre-experimental levels or the placebo group, while HDL, significantly increased. Furthermore, the protein and mRNA levels of NF-κB, TIMP-1, MMP2 &9, CRP, CST3, and CTSS in the (P), (AT), (AT + PS) significantly decreased compared to pre-experimental or the placebo group, while level of GLP1 and GLP1-R increased drastically. Findings suggest that purslane seed consumption alongside exercising could improve atherosclerosis plaque biomarkers through synergistically mechanisms in T2D.

Low Density Lipoproteins Amplify Cytokine-signaling in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells

Recent studies suggest there is a high incidence of elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients and a survival benefit from cholesterol-lowering statin drugs. The mechanisms of these observations and the kinds of patients they apply to are unclear. Using an in vitro model of the pseudofollicles where CLL cells originate, LDLs were found to increase plasma membrane cholesterol, signaling molecules such as tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT3, and activated CLL cell numbers. The signaling effects of LDLs were not seen in normal lymphocytes or glycolytic lymphoma cell-lines but were restored by transduction with the nuclear receptor PPARδ, which mediates metabolic activity in CLL cells. Breakdown of LDLs in lysosomes was required for the amplification effect, which correlated with down-regulation of HMGCR expression and long lymphocyte doubling times (LDTs) of 53.6±10.4months. Cholesterol content of circulating CLL cells correlated directly with blood LDL levels in a subgroup of patients. These observations suggest LDLs may enhance proliferative responses of CLL cells to inflammatory signals. Prospective clinical trials are needed to confirm the therapeutic potential of lowering LDL concentrations in CLL, particularly in patients with indolent disease in the “watch-and-wait” phase of management.

Pengaruh penambahan kolin klorida pada pakan terhadap kadar kolesterol dan lipoprotein darah sapi perah laktasi

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of choline chloride addition in feed on cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in blood of lactating dairy cow, as indicator of lipid anabolism in the body. Eight of lactating dairy cows (61 to 91 days in milk; 2 nd lactation period and 456 ± 31 kg of BW average as equal to 99 ± 5 kg BW 0 . 75 ) were fed total mixed diet containing Napier grass and concentrate (40:60) and additive 30 g/d choline chloride 60% corn-cob as 18 g/d choline chloride (as equal to 0.02 % BW 0 . 75 ). The experiment was set as cross-over designs with two experiments and eight replications. The treatments were T 0 = 0 g/d choline chloride and T 1 = 30 g/d choline chloride, within 2 periods in which each period was 4 weeks and the data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the addition of 30 g/d choline chloride in feed did not affect (P>0,05) the cholesterol, LDL and HDL levels in blood of lactating dairy cows. The conclusion of this study was the choline chloride addition in feed did not increase cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels in blood of lactating dairy cows as the indicator of lipid anabolism. Keywords: choline chloride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, dairy cow