Blood Glucose Index Research Articles

Association between various blood glucose variability-related indicators during early ICU admission and 28-day mortality in non-diabetic patients with sepsis

BackgroundVarious blood glucose (BG) variability-related indexes have been widely used to assess glycemic control and predict glycemic risks, but the association between BG variations and prognosis in non-diabetic patients with sepsis remains unclear.MethodsThe single-center retrospective cohort study included 7,049 non-diabetic adults with sepsis who had at least 3 records of bedside capillary point of care BG testing during the first day after ICU admission from MIMIC-IV database (2008 to 2019). Coefficient of variation and standard deviation of glucose (i.e., GluCV and GluSD), M-value, J-index, high blood glucose index (HBGI), and low blood glucose index (LBGI) were used to describe glucose variability, quality of glycemic control, and glycemic risk of patients with sepsis. The dose-response relationship between BG variability-related indexes and mortality was explored using multivariate logistic regression with restricted cubic spline (RCS) function. If the dose-response curve presented a J-shape with a specific threshold value, a linear threshold function instead of RCS would be employed.ResultsThere is a J-shaped relationship between hospital mortality risk and glucose variability-related indexes in ICU patients with sepsis. The mortality risk remained relatively stable below the threshold of these indexes. However, over the threshold, the 28-day mortality risk increased by 2.82% (95% CI: 1.80–3.85%), 1.13% (95% CI: 0.66–1.60%), 1.96% (95% CI: 0.98–2.95%), 1.37% (95% CI: 0.57–2.16%), 11.19% (95% CI: 6.56–15.98%) and 39.04% (95% CI: 29.86–48.81%) for each unit increases in GluCV, GluSD, M-value, J-index, LBGI and HBGI, respectively. The effects of LBGI and HBGI on 7-day and 14-day mortality were more pronounced.ConclusionsHigh levels of GluCV, GluSD, M-value, J-index, HBGI, and LBGI on the first day of ICU admission were important risk markers of hospital mortality among non-diabetic patients with sepsis.

A data-driven machine learning algorithm to predict the effectiveness of inulin intervention against type II diabetes.

The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased in recent years. Alongside traditional pharmacological treatments, nutritional therapy has emerged as a crucial aspect of T2DM management. Inulin, a fructan-type soluble fiber that promotes the growth of probiotic species like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, is commonly used in nutritional interventions for T2DM. However, it remains unclear which type of T2DM patients are suitable for inulin intervention. The aim of this study was to predict the effectiveness of inulin treatment for T2DM using a machine learning model. Original data were obtained from a previous study. After screening T2DM patients, feature election was conducted using LASSO regression, and a machine learning model was developed using XGBoost. The model's performance was evaluated based on accuracy, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and further analyzed using receiver operating curves, calibration curves, and decision curves. Out of the 758 T2DM patients included, 477 had their glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels reduced to less than 6.5% after inulin intervention, resulting in an incidence rate of 62.93%. LASSO regression identified six key factors in patients prior to inulin treatment. The SHAP values for interpretation ranked the characteristic variables in descending order of importance: HbA1c, difference between fasting and 2 h-postprandial glucose levels, fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein, age, and body mass index. The XGBoost prediction model demonstrated a training set accuracy of 0.819, specificity of 0.913, positive predictive value of 0.818, and negative predictive value of 0.820. The testing set showed an accuracy of 0.709, specificity of 0.909, positive predictive value of 0.705, and negative predictive value of 0.710. The XGBoost-SHAP framework for predicting the impact of inulin intervention in T2DM treatment proves to be effective. It allows for the comparison of prediction effect based on different features of an individual, assessment of prediction abilities for different individuals given their features, and establishes a connection between machine learning and nutritional intervention in T2DM treatment. This offers valuable insights for researchers in this field.

Correlation of blood lipids, glucose, and inflammatory indices with the occurrence and prognosis of lesion complexity in unstable angina, a retrospective cohort study

Correlation of blood lipids, glucose, and inflammatory indices with the occurrence and prognosis of lesion complexity in unstable angina, a retrospective cohort study

Efficacy of imeglimin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A multicentre study.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of imeglimin in improving liver function and fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) complicated by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We conducted a multicentre study involving 80 patients with T2D and MASLD who were treated with or without imeglimin for 24 weeks. We assessed the changes in diabetes-related parameters, including HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, glycoalbumin and C-peptide index. Liver function was monitored using AST, ALT, γ-GTP and liver fibrosis indicators such as Fib-4 index and FibroScan-AST (FAST) score. Liver fat content and stiffness were measured using controlled attenuation parameter and vibration-controlled transient elastography, which were measured using FibroScan. Compared with the control group, imeglimin treatment led to a significant reduction in HbA1c levels, fasting blood glucose and liver-related parameters, including AST, ALT and γ-GTP. Additionally, the Fib-4 index and FAST score, which reflect liver fibrosis and inflammation, were significantly lower in the imeglimin group. Liver fat content and stiffness remained unchanged during the study period. Imeglimin efficaciously improved liver inflammation and fibrosis in patients with T2D and MASLD, with no significant changes in liver fat content or stiffness. These findings suggest that imeglimin is a promising therapeutic drug for the management of MASLD in the context of T2D, warranting further research on its long-term efficacy and mechanisms of action.

Association of Blood Glucose Data With Physiological and Nutritional Data From Dietary Surveys and Wearable Devices: Database Analysis

Background Wearable devices can simultaneously collect data on multiple items in real time and are used for disease detection, prediction, diagnosis, and treatment decision-making. Several factors, such as diet and exercise, influence blood glucose levels; however, the relationship between blood glucose and these factors has yet to be evaluated in real practice. Objective This study aims to investigate the association of blood glucose data with various physiological index and nutritional values using wearable devices and dietary survey data from PhysioNet, a public database. Methods Three analytical methods were used. First, the correlation of each physiological index was calculated and examined to determine whether their mean values or SDs affected the mean value or SD of blood glucose. To investigate the impact of each physiological indicator on blood glucose before and after the time of collection of blood glucose data, lag data were collected, and the correlation coefficient between blood glucose and each physiological indicator was calculated for each physiological index. Second, to examine the relationship between postprandial blood glucose rise and fall and physiological and dietary nutritional assessment indices, multiple regression analysis was performed on the relationship between the slope before and after the peak in postprandial glucose over time and physiological and dietary nutritional indices. Finally, as a supplementary analysis to the multiple regression analysis, a 1-way ANOVA was performed to compare the relationship between the upward and downward slopes of blood glucose and the groups above and below the median for each indicator. Results The analysis revealed several indicators of interest: First, the correlation analysis of blood glucose and physiological indices indicated meaningful relationships: acceleration SD (r=–0.190 for lag data at –15-minute values), heart rate SD (r=–0.121 for lag data at –15-minute values), skin temperature SD (r=–0.121), and electrodermal activity SD (r=–0.237) for lag data at –15-minute values. Second, in multiple regression analysis, physiological indices (temperature mean: t=2.52, P=.01; acceleration SD: t=–2.06, P=.04; heart rate_30 SD: t=–2.12, P=.04; electrodermal activity_90 SD: t=1.97, P=.049) and nutritional indices (mean carbohydrate: t=6.53, P<.001; mean dietary fiber: t=–2.51, P=.01; mean sugar: t=–3.72, P<.001) were significant predictors. Finally, the results of the 1-way ANOVA corroborated the findings from the multiple regression analysis. Conclusions Similar results were obtained from the 3 analyses, consistent with previous findings, and the relationship between blood glucose, diet, and physiological indices in the real world was examined. Data sharing facilitates the accessibility of wearable data and enables statistical analyses from various angles. This type of research is expected to be more common in the future.

CSF Prognostic Index in Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infection

Considering the consequences of shunt infection, the importance of early diagnosis and effective treatment becomes clear. However, there is no clear parameter to predict the management of shunt infection. Since we thought that an index including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocyte, glucose, and protein levels may affect treatment guidance, we aimed to investigate its effect on prognosis using the index we defined as CSF prognostic index. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection patients' age, gender, etiology of hydrocephalus, serum glucose, leukocytes, white blood cell, CRP, CSF leukocyte, glucose, and leukoglycemic index (LGI) at admission were included. A new index was defined to include leukocyte, glucose, and protein values in CSF and investigate their effect on prognosis. CSF prognostic index = CSF leukocyte x CSF protein / CSF glucose. The study included 46 patients under 18 years of age with shunt infection. There was no correlation between serum glucose, CRP, leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, serum LGI, CSF LGI and treatment duration. A positive correlation was found between CSF prognostic index and treatment duration, which was statistically significant (p = 0.011). The CSF prognostic index is an index that can be easily evaluated with CSF findings at the time of presentation and can predict both the duration of treatment and the need for intrathecal treatment. Considering the use of broader spectrum antibiotherapies initially in patients with a high CSF prognostic index will avoid possible complications, provide less psychosocial impact on the patient and his/her relatives, and reduce the cost of treatment.

Protective Role of Jimson Weed in Mitigating Dyslipidemia, Cardiovascular, and Renal Dysfunction in Diabetic Rat Models: In Vivo and in Silico Evidence

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by irregular carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. DM patients are at a high risk of developing dyslipidemia and cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. This study evaluated the impact of Jimson weed on blood glucose, lipid profile, and renal indices using rat models. Methodology The rats were divided into six classes, with rats in each class receiving alloxan intraperitoneally orally twice daily for 14 days. The rats were assigned into six classes (A-F), (n = 6). Rats in classes A-E were intraperitoneally injected with 2 g of alloxan dissolved in 20 mL of distilled water (100 mg/kg body weight). Rats in class F received neither alloxan nor any form of treatment. Rats in classes A, B, and C were given 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of Jimson weed leaf extract, while rats in class D received 5 mg/kg body weight of Glibenclamide. Rats in class E were given normal saline (0.1 mL) only. Blood glucose levels were measured using a Glucometer, and lipid profile and renal markers were assayed using approved procedures. Docking analysis targeted key proteins with potential roles in lipid dysregulation and renal dysfunction associated with diabetes. Results The study found that diabetes in the rats led to abnormalities in lipid profiles, electrolytes, urea, and creatinine serum levels. In diabetic control rats, the level of total cholesterol increased by over 216.67%, while the concentrations of triacyglycerol and low density lipoprotein also showed a similar trend. Notably, there was a reciprocal impact on the high-density lipoprotein, which decreased by a similar magnitude in diabetic controls compared to normal control rats. In the other calculated indices; atherogenic and coronary risk indices, Cl-, urea, and creatinine levels were elevated, and a decreased cardio-protective index, Na+, and K + . Jimson weed ethanol extract alleviated these impacts. The study also investigated compounds’ molecular properties and docking results targeting key proteins in lipid metabolic pathways and immune response. The compounds showed promising binding affinities to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), 3-hydroxyl-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoAR), and melanoma 2 (AIM2) proteins. Conclusion Jimson weed offers a promising option for treating T2DM, cardiovascular, and renal complications, as it exhibits hypolipidemic, cardioprotective, and renal protective properties, overcoming limitations in traditional medicines.

The Effect of Durio Zibethinus L. Seed Extract on Fasting Blood Glucose and Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome Model Rats

Metabolic syndrome is known as insulin resistance syndrome, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Management of metabolic syndrome involves several combinations, including lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions. Durian seeds are one source of antioxidants that have the potential to improve blood glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. This study aims to analyze the effect of durian seed extract on changes in fasting blood glucose levels and insulin resistance. The extraction process utilized the maceration method with a 70% ethanol solution. This study consisted of 30 rats divided into six treatment groups: KN (normal group), K- (negative control), K+ (positive control metformin 9 mg/kgBW), P1, P2, and P3, which were given durian seed extract at doses of 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW, and 300 mg/kgBW, respectively. Metabolic syndrome rats were induced with a high-fat, high-fructose diet for 14 days, then induced with streptozocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA). Fasting blood glucose levels were determined using the GOD-PAP method. The HOMA-IR index was used to measure insulin resistance. The data results were evaluated using a paired T-test and one-way ANOVA. The analysis showed a significant variance in fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR index following a 21-day treatment (p<0.05). The highest decrease was found in the 300 mg/kgBW dose group with fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR index of 90.00 ± 2.70 mg/dl and 3.55 ± 0.11. The P2 and P3 treatments did not show different results with metformin treatment (p>0.05). The findings of this study suggest that consumption of durian seed extract for 21 days can effectively improve the condition of mice with metabolic syndrome. In addition, the drug metformin has the same effect as the intervention of durian seed extract doses of 200 and 300 mg/kgBW.

Effects of probiotic and yeast extract supplement on liver functionality index and metabolic parameters in transition period of dairy cattle

This research sought to evaluate the potential effects of probiotics and yeast cell wall (YCW) supplements on the liver functionality index (LFI) and metabolic parameters of dairy cattle throughout the transitional period. A cohort of forty dry cows was randomly divided into four groups, namely the probiotic group (Pr) receiving a basal diet combined with a blend of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus lechiniformis, Streptococcus Thermophilis, and Enterococcus faecium; the YCW group receiving a basal diet enriched with Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the probiotic and yeast cell wall extract group (P & Y) receiving a basal diet supplemented with a mixture of probiotic and yeast cell wall extract; and the control group adhering to the basal diet. The intervention was initiated 21 days before calving and persisted until 28 days post-calving, except for the control group. The study entailed the collection of blood samples at four sampling times, encompassing 21 days preceding calving, seven days before calving, seven days post-calving, and four weeks post-calving. Multiple biochemical parameters were assessed, including urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin (TB), albumin, total protein (TP), globulin, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and liver functionality index. The results showed that the Pr group exhibited reduced average levels of GGT and glucose compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Similarly, the P & Y group demonstrated lower average BUN, TB, and cholesterol levels than the control (P < 0.05). Notably, the LFI exhibited a discernible trend towards elevation in the Pr group compared to the control group (P = 0.007) and the P & Y group (P = 0.007). In essence, supplementation of YCW and probiotics is associated with advantageous effects on metabolic parameters and liver function.

Effects of insulin glargine U300 versus insulin degludec U100 on glycemic variability, hypoglycemia, and diet evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

The impacts of insulin degludec U100 (Deg-100) and insulin glargine U300 (Gla-300) on glycemic variability (GV) in patients with type 1 diabetes, as well as the impact of major nutrient components on GV in these patients, remain unclear. This was an observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study. Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients treated with either Deg-100 or Gla-300 as basal insulin were enrolled. After the participants underwent continuous glucose monitoring, GV indices and major nutrient components were analyzed. Forty patients with type 1 diabetes were enrolled, and 20 participants used Deg-100, and 20 used Gla-300. There was no significant difference in major nutrient components between the two groups. Better GV indices of standard deviation, coefficient of variation, mean amplitude of glycemic excursion, AUCn, M-value, CONGA1, CONGA2, and CONGA4 were noted in the Gla-300 group versus Deg-100 group. Compared with patients who received once-daily injection in the morning (QD), Deg-100 administration once daily at bedtime (HS) yielded a higher low blood glucose index during both day and nocturnal periods, indicating a higher risk of hypoglycemic events. By contrast, there were significantly lower levels of CONGA1, CONGA2, and CONGA4 during insulin Gla-300 QD administration than during HS administration, indicating a lower GV of a short interval. In this real-world study involving type 1 diabetes patients, Gla-300 appears to offer more stable glucose variability than Deg-100. Administering once-daily injections could lower the risk of hypoglycemia in the Deg-100 group and minimize GV in the Gla-300 group compared to bedtime injections.

The effect of green tea on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis.

To systematically evaluate the effect of green tea on patients with type 2 diabetes. A computer search Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and other Chinese and English databases were conducted for randomized controlled trials of green tea in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. The duration of these trials spanned from the establishment of the database to January 10, 2024. The obtained data were subjected to meta-analysis using Stata15.1 software. A total of 15 articles were included, encompassing 722 patients. The meta-analysis results showed that compared to the control group, green tea intervention significantly improved the improvement of fasting blood glucose (SMD = -0.41, 95% CI: -0.67 to -0.19, P = .001), glycated hemoglobin (SMD = -0.68, 95% CI: -1.15 to 0.21, P = .004) and insulin resistance index (SMD = -0.70, 95% CI: -1.18 to -0.22, P = .005) in the experimental group compared to the control group. The differences were statistically significant (P < .05). Green tea significantly improves fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Neurometabolic Profile in Obese Patients: A Cerebral Multi-Voxel Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.

Background and Objectives: Obesity-related chronic inflammation may lead to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. This study aimed to evaluate the neurometabolic profile of obese patients using cerebral multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (mvMRS) and assess correlations between brain metabolites and obesity markers, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, body fat percentage, and indicators of metabolic syndrome (e.g., triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR)). Materials and Methods: This prospective study involved 100 participants, stratified into two groups: 50 obese individuals (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 50 controls (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2). Anthropometric measurements, body fat percentage, and biochemical markers were evaluated. All subjects underwent long- and short-echo mvMRS analysis of the frontal and parietal supracallosal subcortical and deep white matter, as well as the cingulate gyrus, analyzing NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, and mI/Cr ratios, along with absolute concentrations of NAA and Cho. Results: Obese participants exhibited significantly decreased NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios in the deep white matter of the right cerebral hemisphere (p < 0.001), while absolute concentrations of NAA and Cho did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05). NAA levels showed negative correlations with more reliable obesity parameters (waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio) but not with BMI, particularly in the deep frontal white matter and dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus of the left cerebral hemisphere. Notably, insulin demonstrated a significant negative impact on NAA (ρ = -0.409 and ρ = -0.410; p < 0.01) and Cho levels (ρ = -0.403 and ρ = -0.392; p < 0.01) at these locations in obese individuals. Conclusions: Central obesity and hyperinsulinemia negatively affect specific brain regions associated with cognitive and emotional processing, while BMI is not a reliable parameter for assessing brain metabolism.

Comparative Study on the Hypoglycemic Effects of Different Parts of Musa balbisiana.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that can cause elevated blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin secretion or resistance. Different parts of Musa balbisiana have been used widely in traditional medicine to treat many disorders. The present study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic ability of the corm, pseudostem, inflorescence, fruit, peel, and seed of M. balbisiana via invitro experiments by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes as well as invivo models on diabetic alloxan-induced mice. The results show that all investigated parts have performed potential inhibition on two investigated digestive enzymes. Seed poses the highest capacity among surveyed parts on α-amylase (IC50:f μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50: 21.63 μg/mL) as well as effectively lowers the blood glucose index (IG) in alloxan-induced mice. In addition, fruit, corm, and inflorescence are considered essential parts that have high hypoglycemic effects via invivo experiments. These findings indicate that all M. balbisiana parts are possibly a potential source for hypoglycemic agents; further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the safety of human beings before applying them in functional food and pharmaceutical industries.

The Impact of the Triglyceride-Glucose Index on the Development of Depression in Patients with Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease.

Depression is common among patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and is a prevalent mental health issue, particularly among those with cardiovascular diseases. Depression is commonly associated with elevated blood glucose and lipid levels. The triglyceride-glucose index is a novel indicator reflecting insulin resistance, which has been proven in numerous studies to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. Study on the impact of the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) on the development of depression in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD). Using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), 197 CHD patients were classified into a non-depressed group (n = 44, PHQ-9 < 5) and a depressed group (n = 153, PHQ-9 ≥ 5). Fasting blood glucose (GLU), HDL, total cholesterol (TC), LDL, triglycerides (TG), and TyG index were compared between groups. Depression risk factors were identified via logistic regression, and the predictive value of TyG index was evaluated using ROC analysis. In depressed patients, TyG index, TG, TC, LDL, and GLU were significantly higher, while HDL was lower than in the non-depressed group (p < 0.05). Logistic regression identified TyG index, LDL, GLU, TG, TC, HDL, female sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, and older age as independent risk factors for depression in CHD patients (p < 0.05). ROC analysis showed the TyG index had an AUC of 0.76 (95% CI 0.687-0.829, p < 0.001) for predicting depression, with a cutoff of 1.613, sensitivity of 45.1%, and specificity of 97.7%. Endpoint events were more frequent in the depression group (χ² = 8.015, p = 0.005). The TyG index is an independent risk factor for depression in patients with CHD, indicating a significant predictive value. Depressed patients have a higher rate of readmission, and managing depression effectively contributes to better prognosis.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA AND METABOLIC SYNDROME

Introduction: Factors that may increase the risk of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), and one theory suggests a possible connection between metabolic syndrome and the development of BPH. This study aims to investigate the potential relationship between metabolic syndrome and the development of BPH. Methods: This study analyzed medical records from Saiful Anwar Hospital in Malang from 2015 to 2020, using a case-control research design. It applied Chi-Square and Logistic Regression methods for data analysis. Results: The study, based on data from 90 patients, found that the highest number of BPH cases (75.56%) occurred in those with hypertension. Factors like body mass index and blood pressure were significantly associated with BPH (p-values = 0.046; OR = 2.473). Logistic regression confirmed the impact of fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, and body mass index categories on BPH. Conclusion: This research illustrates that there is an association between type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obesity with the occurrence of BPH. However, there is no statistically significant relationship between the components of metabolic syndrome and the occurrence of BPH.

The relationship between daily blood glucose fluctuation and readmission in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Abstract Background Although the comprehensive diagnos and treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS) has been greatly improved,the morbidity and mortality are still high. Previous literature has reported that about 70-75% of patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome have abnormal blood glucose metabolism1,and there existed gender differences. At present, most research results showed that elevated blood glucose is related to the prognosis of ACS. However, further intervention studies indicated that simply strengthen the reducement of blood glucose did not improve prognosis of these patients2. Glucose fluctuations, another dimension of blood glucose, reflect acute changes in blood glucose. However, there are few studies on the effect of blood glucose fluctuation on the prognosis of patients with ACS. Purpose This study aimed to explore the relationship between seven daily fluctuations of blood glucose and readmission in ACS patients. Methods In this study, a total of 664 patients admitted to our University from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 were included and their blood glucose was monitored seven times a day during their hospitalization. The coefficient of variation of blood glucose (CV) was calculated from the results of seven daily blood glucose monitoring to represent the daily fluctuation of blood glucose. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine whether CV was an independent risk factor for re-hospitalization. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of CV for outcome events. Finally, we performed a subgroup analysis based on gender and diabetes status to assess the association between CV and readmission in each subgroup. Results After a median follow-up of 21 months, the rate of readmission was 38.4%. Unstable angina pectoris (71.4%) and heart failure (16.4%) were the most common reasons for readmission. Patients with greater CV levels typically exhibited lower fasting blood glucose, higher post breakfast blood glucose, and higher admission blood glucose.The readmission rate increased with the increasing blood glucose variability after the cox regression analysis. Moreover, independent of glycated hemoglobin,CV could predict the risk of readmission in patients with ACS.When using 26.66% as the cutoff point of CV, the study population was divided into two groups and showed a significant differentiation for rehospitalization.In subgroup analysis, there was no significant association between seven daily blood glucose fluctuations and readmission in female and non-diabetes mellitus patients with acute coronary syndrome. Conclusions Besides some normal blood glucose index,seven daily fluctuations of blood glucose was associated with readmission in ACS patients. ACS patients who were male and combined with diabetes were more likely to be readmitted if their CV levels were greater.

Renal protective effect of Isaria felina mycelium powder on diet and STZ-induced diabetes mice and the identification of major chemical constituents

Type 2 diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases mainly characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Diabetic kidney disease is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes.The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of Isaria felina mycelium powder (IFMP) on diet and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model. And we analyze the main chemical constituents of Isaria felina mycelium powder.The main chemical constituents of the alcohol-soluble IFMP were prepared and identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The fasting blood glucose and renal index of the mouse model was determined. Serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were detected. The levels of CD2AP and nephrin proteins in the kidney were detected by ELISA kits.A total of 32 compounds were identified, including nucleosides (16 types), amino acids (13 types), sterols (one type) and glycosides (two types). The experimental results showed that compared with the diabetes model group, IFMP reduced fasting blood glucose, food intake and water intake. Biochemical analysis indicated that IFMP reduced the serum levels of TG, TC, BUN and Scr, and increased the levels of CD2AP and nephrin proteins in the kidneys.Therefore, IFMP has the potential to treat diabetes and prevent kidney damage induced by hyperglycemia.

Potential Impacts of Dried Green Coleus forskolin Leaves on Thermo-tolerance Parameters, Blood and Plasma Profiles in Anesthetized Mice

Background: Transient negative side effects of hypothermia, hyperglycemiaand bradycardia due to general anesthesia using diazepam and xylazine drugs has been reported in mice. Methods: Twenty albino male mice of 31.52±0.25 g body weight were classified into two groups; control group (G1) fed basal control diet versus C. forskolin group fed basal control diet containing C. forskolin leaves (G2; 1.5%) for four weeks. The mice were general anesthetized using xylazine and diazepam (XD) drugs (13.3 mg/kg BW diazepam and 26.6 mg/kg BW xylazine). Changes of rectal temperature (°C), glucose (mg/dl), pulse rate (pulse/min.) and partial pressure of oxygen (SPO2) were recorded at 0.0, 0.5h, 1.0h, 2.0h, 3.0h, 5.0h and 7.0h over general anesthesia. In addition, blood samples were collected and were subjected to blood and plasma analyses. Result: The results indicated that dietary C. forskolin caused significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in glucose values in addition to significant increase (P less than 0.05) in rectal temperature, pulse rate and SPO2 during the period hypothermia, hyperglycemiaand bradycardia over general anesthesia. In addition, values of blood (RBCs, WBCs, PCV and Hb) and plasma parameters (TP, BUN, creatinine, AST and ALT, LDH) were normal due to C. forskolin supplementation compared to control diet. It could be concluded that 1.5% C. forskolin supplementation modulates thermo-tolerance responses, blood glucose indices, blood and plasma metabolites over general anesthesia.

Unveiling the link between ACR TI-RADS grading and Bethesda score of thyroid nodules in diabetic patients: A comprehensive analysis.

This study aimed to explores the factors influencing thyroid nodules (TNs) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and evaluates the consistency between different American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) grades and Bethesda scores. Total of 642 T2DM patients were divided into TN group (245) and control group (397) based on the presence or absence of TNs. TN patients were further categorized into ACR TI-RADS classification (TR) 1 to 4 and TR5 subgroups. Diabetes-related clinical and biochemical parameters were collected, and differences were analyzed using univariate analysis. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to pinpoint independent influencing factors for TN occurrence and different TN classifications. Consequently, age, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose level (FBGL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), diabetic progression, and family history of TNs emerged as independent risk factors for TN development in T2DM patients. Additionally, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), nodule diameter, and family history of TNs were identified as independent risk factors for TR5 TN development in T2DM patients. All TR1 to 2 nodules had a Bethesda score of 2 and all showed benign pathological findings. In 97.10% of cases (67/69), nodules classified as TR3 exhibited a Bethesda score of 2, with all pathological results indicating benign findings, aligning with the Bethesda score. In addition, the concordance between TR4 nodules and Bethesda score was only 78.57% (88/112). In conclusion, TNs and their malignancy in T2DM patients are significantly linked to blood glucose and lipid metabolism indexes. TR3 classification in T2DM patients poses a low malignancy risk, suggesting caution when conducting fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) testing.

Can a mobile application improve glucose-related and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus? A randomized controlled trial using the mySugr® app.

Mobile applications (apps) have proven to be highly effective tools to empower patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and enable them to achieve better self-care, quality of life (QOL), and glycemic control. The aim of the study is to examine whether mySugr®, an app for diabetes management, together with teleconsultations, can have a positive impact on these factors and, thereby, replace current clinical care. This study concerns an exploratory randomized clinical trial of 12 months' duration. People with T1DM using multiple daily injections were randomized to usual care (bolus calculator, five face-to-face visits) or intervention (mySugr® app, three face-to-face visits, and two teleconsultations). The main outcome was increase in empowerment assessed with the Diabetes Empowerment Scale Short Form questionnaire (DES-SF-S). Secondary outcomes were change in additional glucose-related (blood glucose monitoring, mean blood glucose, standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CV), and high and low blood glucose index) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) (self-management, QOL, and distress). A total of 25 out of 28 participants completed the study (52% men, age 44.52 years, diabetes duration 21.28 years). At 12 months, no significant differences were identified in the change of DES-SF-S and additional PROMs between arms. Similarly, no differences were observed in glucose-related outcomes except for the change in CV at 9 (control - 1.87 ± 4.98 vs. intervention 5.89 ± 11.33, p = 0.008) and 12 months (control - 2.33 ± 3.54 vs. intervention 5.12 ± 11.32, p = 0.018). Adherence to and satisfaction with the app were high. Patients with diabetes using the mySugr® app and teleconsultation achieved similar results to those following usual care in empowerment, other PROMs, and most glucose-related outcomes, thus supporting its use in combination with face-to-face visits. The RCT was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03819335, first registration 28/01/2019).