Blood Donation Intention Research Articles

Promoting the propensity for blood donation through the understanding of its determinants

BackgroundThe paper aims to understand the main antecedents related to the blood donation propensity related to both donors and non-donors. With our research, we will analyse the two perspectives to identify similarities and differences concentrating on the Italian context. Blood is a vital resource that strongly affects every national healthcare system’s efficacy and sustainability and the system’s ability to achieve the goal of universal coverage.MethodsThe purpose of this paper is to understand the main antecedents of citizens’ blood donation intention and the propensity to encourage communication about blood donation among both donors and non-donors. The Theory of Planned Behaviour is adopted as a theoretical lens. An empirical investigation was performed in Italy, adopting a mixed methods research design. First, a qualitative analysis was carried out through 30 in-depth interviews. Then, a survey was used to quantitatively investigate the intention to donate among both donors (N = 173) and non-donors (N = 87). A conceptual model was developed and tested through Structural Equation Modelling, developing a multi-group approach.ResultsThe present study confirms the relations proposed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour, even though some differences between the two groups are shown. The construct Information and Communication is crucial for donors, non-donors, whereas for non-donor inhibitors is vital. Service quality has an impact on the propensity to recommend and communicate the value of blood donation.ConclusionThis paper reveals the main differences between donor and non-donor perspectives. Fruitful insights for enhancing blood donation awareness are provided.

Millennials’ socio-psychology and blood donation intention developed from social media communications: A survey of university students

Less than 1% of South-Africans donate blood annually. New donors are required, especially from Millennials, who are large in numbers and influential. Being more receptive to social media communications and altruistic, millennials are the hope of safe blood supply. However, the drivers of millennials’ positive attitude and behavioural intentions (BI) towards donating blood need examination. This study used ideas from Social Cognition Theory, Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behaviour to examine how social media communications impact blood donation attitudes and behavioural intention through some socio-psychological outcomes among young adult Millennials at a university in South-Africa. Quantitative data was collected from 650 respondents. Structural equation modelling results revealed that social media communications positively impacted awareness, perception, peers, family, and behavioural intention. Motivation, awareness, peers and family positively influenced attitudes, which in turn, predicted blood donation intention. Blood donations agencies and public policy-makers should seek ways to convert Millennials’ positive attitudes and BI into actual blood donation.

Exploring predictors of Australian community members' blood donation intentions and blood donation-related behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.

With the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continuing to accelerate and blood collection agencies (BCAs) warning of shortages, it is critical to identify the current determinants of donor behavior for donors and nondonors. In May and June 2020, Australian residents who believed themselves eligible to donate blood responded to measures assessing constructs from an integrated protection motivation theory, organizational trust, and theory of planned behavior framework, with donor status also assessed. A total of 507 residents (47% male, mean age 28.69 years; 272 had donated/attempted to donate) participated. A revised structural equation model was a good fit to these data. In this model, perceived risk, severity, anxiety, and response cost associated with donating during the COVID-19 pandemic underpinned threat appraisals, while response efficacy, self-efficacy, and attitude toward donating during COVID-19 informed coping appraisals. Trust in the BCA predicted lower threat and higher coping appraisals, and higher coping appraisals predicted stronger subjective norms. Intention to donate during the COVID-19 pandemic was positively predicted by subjective norm and self-efficacy. Donation-related behavior was positively predicted by intention, with this relationship stronger for nondonors than donors. Self-efficacy and approval from others, underpinned by coping appraisals and organizational trust, play a critical role in intentions to donate. BCAs that focus on maintaining trust with (potential) donors, providing clear messaging stating the minimal threat of contracting COVID-19 from donating and the protective measures in place, and showing how donating is achievable, may help to ensure a safe and secure blood supply throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.

Emotional mechanisms and format effects of motivational questions for blood donation

In the first study, 4709 respondents (51.2% female; mean ± SD age, 38.4 ± 12.1 years) were randomly assigned to one of four motivational questions or a no-question control. In the second study, 5291 respondents (52.7% female; mean ± SD age, 37.3 ± 11.9 years) were randomly assigned to one of six motivational questions or a no-question control. In both studies, the motivational questions were followed by measures of donation intention, anticipated warm glow, and anticipated regret. In Study 1, three of the four questions were associated with higher donation intentions, with anticipated warm glow being a potential partial mediator for two of the questions. In Study 2, five of the six questions were associated with higher donation intentions, with anticipated warm glow and anticipated regret being potential partial mediators for three of the questions. These effects were largely consistent among donors and nondonors. These studies expand our understanding of the association between particular motivational questions and donation intentions and provide preliminary support for the notion that specific questions may influence donation intention by increasing anticipated positive and negative emotional reactions to the thought of giving or not giving, respectively.

Estimation of the number of blood donors during the COVID-19 incubation period across China and analysis of prevention and control measures for blood transfusion transmission.

BACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to estimate the number of blood donors during the COVID‐19 incubation period across China.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn this study, we developed a predictive model to estimate the number of blood donors during the COVID‐19 incubation period among 34 provincial regions in China. Our main assumption was that blood donors of all ages in different regions have a stable blood donation intention and the same infection risk.RESULTSFirst, we estimated the number of blood donors during the COVID‐19 incubation period in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, and China, from December 31, 2019 to March 17, 2020. Second, we compared the number of blood donors during the COVID‐19 incubation period in all provinces across China. In addition, we found that if all RBCs, plasma, and cryoprecipitation were stored in isolation until the 14th day, the potential risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission through blood transfusion was reduced by at least 65.77% after the blood donor safely passed the COVID‐19 incubation period. Moreover, if the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was carried out on all platelets, the potential risk would be reduced by 77.48%.CONCLUSIONSAlthough the risk is low, with the rapid spread of the COVID‐19 and the appearance of alarmingly high infectivity and a high fatality rate, appropriate measures should be taken by health departments to ensure the safety of clinical blood.

대학생들의 헌혈의도에 관한 집단 간 비교 분석: 성별과 헌혈경험을 중심으로

본 연구는 대학생들을 대상으로, 수정된 계획행동이론을 적용하여 헌혈에 대한 태도, 도덕적 규범, 자기효능감이 헌혈의도에 미치는 영향을 성별과 헌혈경험에 따라 집단 간 비교 분석함에 목적이 있다. 조사 대상 전체를 대상으로 한 분석 결과를 보면, 자기효능감, 도덕적 규범, 헌혈에 대한 태도 순으로 헌혈의도에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 성별에 따른 다중집단분석 결과를 보면, 집단 간 자기효능감￫헌혈의도 경로의 차이는 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났으나, 헌혈에 대한 태도￫헌혈의도, 도덕적 규범￫헌혈의도 경로의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 헌혈경험에 따른 다중집단 분석 결과를 보면, 집단 간 자기효능감 ￫헌혈의도 경로의 차이는 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났으나, 헌혈에 대한 태도￫헌혈의도, 도덕적 규범￫헌혈의도 경로의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과로 볼 때, 헌혈 교육프로그램, 헌혈 홍보프로그램을 개발함에 있어 자기효능감을 높이는 방안, 도덕적 규범 의식을 강화하는 방안, 헌혈에 대한 긍정적 태도를 갖도록 하는 방안순으로 강조하여야 할 것이다. 이를 집단으로 보면, 여성을 대상으로 해서는 남성에 비해 자기 효능감을 높이는 방안, 헌혈미경험자를 대상으로 해서는 헌혈경험자에 비해 자기효능감을 높이는 방안을 특히 강조하여야 할 것이다.

Citizenship Ceremonies as an Opportunity for Behaviour Change: A Quasi-experiment with London Councils

ABSTRACTResearch on pro-social behaviours has mainly concentrated on individually-tailored interventions, such as Get Out the Vote (GOTV) campaigns, rather than collective arenas where information and messages are experienced jointly. Citizenship ceremonies, in which new UK citizens are required to participate, provide a timely and unique opportunity to promote civil behaviours in a group context. The research for this paper, based on a quasi-experiment comparing ceremonies within London local authorities, tests whether providing volunteering opportunities and incorporating behavioural science interventions into the design of the ceremonies increase voter registration, volunteering, and blood donation intentions. Survey results show that providing volunteering opportunities generates an interest in registering to volunteer and donating blood, while the addition of behavioural interventions boosts intention to volunteer and registering to vote, with statistically significant effects of the behavioural interventions on the summed outcome measure. The research findings are a promising foundation for further tests using randomised controlled trials.

Intention to donate blood and its predictors among adults of Gondar city: Using theory of planned behavior.

Blood transfusion is a lifesaving procedure when someone encounters severe anemia, accident or injury, surgery, heavy bleeding during childbirth and cancer chemotherapy. The average blood donation rate of Africa is 4.7/1000 inhabitants and Ethiopia is among one of the countries with the lowest annual donation rate which is 0.8/1000 population. This study assessed intention to donate blood on adults of Gondar city administration using the theory of planned behavior. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. The study was conducted on two randomly selected Gondar sub-cities using systematic sampling on a sample size of 524 adults. Epi Data version 3.0 and STATA version 14 were used for entry and analysis of data respectively. Multiple linear regression was carried out to see the association between intention and sociodemographic variables, past donation experience, attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control and with 95% confidence interval and a p-value of less than 0.05 was used to detect statistical significance. A total of 515 respondents participated in the study giving a response rate of 98%. Most of the participants were females (66.4%) and the participants' age ranges from 18 to 65 years. The variance explained by the model was 49%. The mean intention to donate blood was 3.02±1.13. Direct perceived behavioural control (β = 0.14, CI (0.04, 0.23)), direct subjective norm (β = 0.11: CI (0.04, 0.17), direct attitude (β = 0.03; CI (0.01, 0.06)) and past behaviour of blood donation (β = 0.3; CI (0.07, 0.51) were significant predictor of intention. Theory of planned behavior could be successfully applied in determining adult's blood donation intention. Predictors of intention to donate blood were past experience of blood donation, direct subjective norm, direct perceived behavioural control and direct attitude. None of the external variables predict blood donation intention.

Exploring Strategic Factors for Promoting Blood Donation Campaign

Approximately 2.2 percent of the Malaysian population donates blood each year, compared to the standard expectation of 5 percent. It is a sign that this country will experience insufficient blood supply in the future. This worrying statistic has led to the exploration of blood donation decision-making conducted worldwide for the purpose to understand the factors that will help to encourage the publics to donate blood. Understanding the intention-based Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) helps the researchers to develop targeted campaigns based on specified factors from the pool survey. These TPB factors among Malaysian adults have not yet been fully investigated. Thus, the survey was administered to respondents concerning potential motivating factors based on the suggested TPB elements in their decision to donate blood. The study was conducted on Malaysian adults working in the public and private sectors. This study was to identify the correlation and regression value to identify the relationship between the factors and to infer causal relationships between the factors. The result shows that there is a significant relationship between the subjective norms with the blood donation intention. The potential discouraging factors need to be addressed to ensure future decision whether or not to donate blood might be inflected. However, this study has pointed out for further investigation on factors affecting the donor intention and decision to donate the blood among Malaysian adults.

Análise da intenção de doar sangue sob a perspectiva de doadores e não doadores: Uma comparação entre grupos

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar as principais variáveis que exercem influência na intenção de doar sangue para doadores e não doadores. A pesquisa tem abordagem quantitativa, com 641 questionários preenchidos, onde foram realizadas análises fatoriais exploratória e confirmatória, seguidas por uma Modelagem de Equações Estruturais. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de diferenciação das campanhas públicas direcionadas aos diversos segmentos de doadores e potenciais doadores. Além disso, identificou-se uma diferenciação entre a intenção de doação de sangue entre doadores e não doadores, e também uma diferenciação estatisticamente significante entre homens e mulheres. O envolvimento e o conhecimento do processo de doação de sangue são influentes no segmento dos que já doaram. Por outro lado, a influência das normas subjetivas parece ser importante para o segmento de não doadores e poderia ser melhor evidenciada nas campanhas. Esse fator aparece também, de maneira relevante, junto ao segmento masculino.

Predicting blood donation intention: the importance of fear.

Blood donor recruitment remains an important worldwide challenge due to changes in population demographics and shifts in the demand for blood. Various cognitive models help predict donation intention, although the importance of affective deterrents has become increasingly evident. This study aimed to identify fears that predict donation intention, to explore their relative importance, and to determine if self-efficacy and attitude mediate this relationship, thus providing possible targets for intervention. A total of 347 individuals (269 nondonors and 78 donors) living in Québec responded to questionnaires assessing medical fears, psychosocial factors related to donation intention including the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs, anticipated regret, and facilitating factors (i.e., time commitment and rewards). To examine the relative importance of these factors in the context of blood donation, the same questions were also asked about other medical activities that involve salient needle stimuli: flu vaccinations and dental examinations. Medical fears, especially blood-related fears, were significantly associated with donation intention. Bootstrapping tests confirmed that this relation was mediated by attitude and self-efficacy. Underlining the importance of medical fears in the blood donation context, these fears were not associated with attitudes and intentions for dental examinations or flu vaccinations. These results suggest that medical fears, especially blood-related fears, play a key role in predicting donation attitudes and intentions. Mediational pathways provide support for interventions to improve donation intentions by addressing specific fears while also improving a donor's belief in his or her ability to manage donation-related fears.

Personal traits behind the intention to Donate Blood

Understanding the impact of personal traits on prosocial behavior becomes vital for the development of effective advertising messages to the target audience. Hence, this exploratory study was developed to contribute to a better understanding of the motivations of actual and potential blood donors, by analyzing and comparing the effect of some of the most prominent personal traits for predicting or explaining prosocial behavior (blood donation). 125 participants from generation Y answered an online survey that besides asking about their blood donation intention also pertained to establish a relation with their personality traits by considering: attribution theory, self-image, social responsibility, altruism, social influence, and empathy. We also take into consideration the possible effect of framing.According to our findings, blood donors are positively influenced to donate blood by self-image and internal attribution. On the other hand, nondonors are only positively influenced by self-image.

Citizenship Ceremonies as an Opportunity for Behaviour Change: A Quasi-Experiment with London Councils

Research on pro-social and collective behaviours has tended to neglect collective occasions when citizenship is celebrated in favour of studying individual-focused interventions, such as Get Out the Vote campaigns. Citizenship ceremonies, in which new citizens are required to participate, are a timely and unique opportunity to promote civil behaviours. The research for this paper, based on a quasi-experiment comparing ceremonies in London local authorities, tested whether providing volunteering opportunities and incorporating behavioural interventions in the design of the ceremonies increased voter registration, volunteering, and blood donation intentions. The survey results show that providing volunteering opportunities increased an interest in registering to volunteer and to donate blood, while the behavioural interventions increased intention to volunteer and vote registration, with an overall significant effect of both the volunteering and behavioural interventions on summed outcomes. The research findings are a good foundation for further testing using randomized controlled trials.

Factors Affecting Blood Donation Intentions of Nursing College Students

Factors Affecting Blood Donation Intentions of Nursing College Students

Factors Leading to Health Care Exclusion Among African Refugees in Australia: The Case of Blood Donation

Developed countries that accept refugees are obligated, under the UN Convention for Refugees, to integrate refugees into host communities, with inclusion in the health system being pivotal. Integration programs can be difficult though, because many refugees’ home countries have different health systems, lower health literacy, and different expectations of health services. Country health system differences require cultural adaptation of host country services when designing targeted, inclusive health care programs. Using a sample of 317 Australian-based African refugees, the authors examine how refugees’ acculturation, perceptions of discrimination, past behavior, objective knowledge, and medical mistrust affect their health inclusion, depending on their blood donation intentions. The results indicate that perceived discrimination and objective blood donation knowledge directly affect donation intentions. Perceived discrimination mediates the relationships between acculturation and intentions and between medical mistrust and donation intentions, and objective knowledge mediates the relationship between past behavior and donation intentions. The authors offer recommendations to policy makers designing social inclusion programs and health service providers designing and delivering targeted initiatives, to better facilitate refugee participation in host country health systems.

Online responses to motivational interview questions enhance blood donation intention

A motivational interview may promote blood donor retention, but live interviews can be costly. To address this challenge, we conducted two studies to examine the impact of online delivery of motivational interview content on donation intention. In Study 1, a total of 3883 respondents (52.2% female; mean ± SD age, 35.69 ± 11.3 years) completed a donation commitment measure and were randomly assigned to one of seven motivational interview-based questions or a no-question control group. In Study 2, a total of 2246 respondents (58.4% female; mean ± SD age, 35.5 ± 11.4 years) with a moderate level of donation commitment were randomly assigned to receive zero to four motivational interview-based questions. In both studies, future donation intention was measured immediately after the intervention. The first study revealed a significant effect of interview question on donation intention among participants with moderate blood donation commitment (F(7,1299) = 3.699, p = 0.001), but not among those with low or high commitment (F(7,1233) = 1.411, p = 0.20; and F(7,1327) = 0.964, p = 0.46, respectively). Study 2 replicated the significant effect of interview questions on donation intention (F(1,2230) = 2.168, p = 0.006). Relative to the no-question control condition, follow-up analyses revealed significantly higher donation intentions with 14 of the 15 question combinations (p ≤ 0.05). These findings provide initial support that online survey questions modeled on motivational interview content may elicit personal reflections that enhance donation intention, particularly among individuals with a moderate level of donation commitment.

Understanding the underlying motives and intention among Indian blood donors towards voluntary blood donation: A cross-sectional study

ObjectivesThe present study aims to fill the gap in the literature by conducting a comprehensive research on Indian donor's intention towards voluntary blood donation in India. The study attempts to conceptualize and validate an integrative framework incorporating voluntary function inventory (VFI) in the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model with the purpose tomeasure the voluntary blood donation intention. Material and methodsStructural equation modeling (SEM) has been used to rigorously test the hypothesized interrelationships among the underlying motives influencing voluntary blood donation intention. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of respondents selected conveniently from selct locations in India. Total 450 completed questionnaires were received out of 1000 distributed. ResultsThe study develops a final conceptual framework that determines the drivers of blood donor's intention towards voluntary donation. The components of theory of planned behavior (TPB) model which include ‘attitude’, ‘subjective norms’ (SN), and ‘perceived behavioral control’ (PBC) along with modified volunteer functions namely ‘value’, ‘social’, ‘career’ and ‘enhancement’ were found significantly explaining the donation intention in the model. ConclusionThe model achieves robustness with respect to predicting Indian donor's intention towards the voluntary donation of blood. The proposed model in this study advances the theory and research on thevolunteering motives towards blood donation. The study would provide a comprehensiveunderstanding of donors’ intention to the practitioners, policy makers and Non-Government Organization (NGO), helping them to frame a calibrated strategydirected towards facilitating healthy blood donation practices.

The effects of a culturally-tailored campaign to increase blood donation knowledge, attitudes and intentions among African migrants in two Australian States: Victoria and South Australia.

Research suggests that African migrants are often positively predisposed towards blood donation, but are under-represented in participation. A culturally-tailored intervention targeting the African migrant community in Australia was developed and implemented, to enhance knowledge about blood donation, improve attitudes towards donating, increase intentions to donate blood, and increase the number of new African donors in Australia. Four weeks after a targeted campaign, a survey evaluation process commenced, administered face-to-face by bilingual interviewers from the African community in Melbourne and Adelaide, Australia (community survey). The questionnaires covered demographics, campaign awareness, blood donation knowledge and intentions, medical mistrust and perceived discrimination, and were analysed to evaluate changes in knowledge and intention. Sixty-two percent of survey participants (n = 454) reported being aware of the campaign. With increasing campaign awareness, there was a 0.28 increase in knowledge score (p = .005); previous blood donation was also associated with an increased blood donation knowledge score. Blood donation intention scores were not associated with campaign awareness (p = 0.272), but were associated with previous blood donation behaviour and a positive blood donation attitude score. More positive scores on the blood donation attitude measure were associated with increasing blood donation intentions, self-efficacy and campaign awareness (score increases of 0.27, 0.30 and 0.04, respectively, all p<0.05). Data were collected on the ethnicity of new blood donors in six blood collection centres before and after the intervention, and independent of the intervention evaluation survey. These data were also used to assess behavioural changes and the proportions of donors from different countries before and after the survey. There was no difference in the number of new African migrant donors, before and after the intervention. The culturally-relevant marketing campaign was associated with improved blood donation knowledge and attitudes, but there was no short-term change in blood donation intentions or the number of African donors.

Bien-être et implication : quel apport à la compréhension du don de sang

Le don de sang est souvent associé au bien-être dans les campagnes de communication et dans les croyances liées à cette pratique. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’examiner les relations entre le bien-être, l’implication dans la cause et le don de sang (comportements et intentions des donneurs et donneurs potentiels). À partir de la littérature et d’une étude empirique (N=407), les résultats montrent que l’implication a un effet sur les intentions de don et de bouche-à-oreille ainsi que sur le comportement de don. À l’inverse, ils remettent en cause le lien direct établi par l’EFS (Etablissement français du sang) entre le bien-être et le comportement de don (plus particulièrement la fréquence de don) et proposent de modifier les actions de prévention afin d’accroître le comportement de don de sang.

헌혈의도의 주요 설명요인들의 검증 : 헌혈 미경험자와 경험자의 비교

헌혈의도의 주요 설명요인들의 검증 : 헌혈 미경험자와 경험자의 비교