Blood Cells Of Man Research Articles

Hypomethylation of the RUNX2 Gene Is a New Potential Biomarker of Primary Osteoporosis in Men and Women.

The search for the molecular markers of osteoporosis (OP), based on the analysis of differential deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation in bone cells and peripheral blood cells, is promising for developments in the field of the early diagnosis and targeted therapy of the disease. The Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene is one of the key genes of bone metabolism, which is of interest in the search for epigenetic signatures and aberrations associated with the risk of developing OP. Based on pyrosequencing, the analysis of the RUNX2 methylation profile from a pool of peripheral blood cells in men and women over 50 years of age of Russian ethnicity from the Volga-Ural region of Russia was carried out. The level of DNA methylation in three CpG sites of the RUNX2 gene was assessed and statistically significant hypomethylation was revealed in all three studied CpG sites in men (U = 746.5, p = 0.004; U = 784, p = 0.01; U = 788.5, p = 0.01, respectively) and in one CpG site in women (U = 537, p = 0.03) with primary OP compared with control. In the general sample, associations were preserved for the first CpG site (U = 2561, p = 0.0001766). The results were obtained for the first time and indicate the existence of potentially new epigenetic signatures of RUNX2 in individuals with OP.

Alterations in the Properties of Red Blood Cells in Men with Coronary Artery Diseases after Comprehensive Cardiac Rehabilitation.

Purpose Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CCR) is a complex program aimed at improving the health status of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), especially those who have been subjected to cardiac interventions (PCI and CABG).The aim of this study was to measure the changes in the properties of red blood cells (RBCs) in men with CAD after cardiac intervention and after participation in CCR program. Methods In this study, we have investigated the influence of the physical training-based CCR program in 12 men with CAD, after PCI or CABG. The characteristics of RBCs including the basic morphology of RBCs, the conformational state of RBC membrane protein and hemoglobin, acetylcholinesterase activity, membrane fluidity, the osmotic fragility, and thiol concentration in membrane and in hemolysate were measured. Ascorbate concentration and reduced glutathione were also determined. The analysis was performed in men, before and after participation in CCR. The properties of RBCs were observed in connection with the exercise test, and parameters were evaluated before, immediately after, and 1 hour after the exercise test. Results After CCR, a decrease in the mobility of erythrocyte membrane proteins was observed, which was accompanied by a decrease in lipid fluidity. In addition, immediately after the exercise test and 1 hour later, we measured a decrease in thiol level in hemolysate, but not in the plasma membrane. Unexpectedly, an increase in reduced glutathione concentration one hour after the exercise test after completing comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation was observed. Conclusion CCR in men with CAD after cardiac intervention is connected with decreased membrane fluidity and decreased membrane protein mobility, which indicates that reduction of oxidative changes in these components occurs.

P-178 - Oxidative stress in blood cells of men and women with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Accordingly, higher levels of oxidative stress have been detected in brain and CFL from these patients. Recent studies suggest that these pathologies show systemic disturbances. The aim of the study was to measure antioxidant enzyme activities (glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)), as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) in whole blood from individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) (10 women and 10 men in each group). The values obtained were compared to those of an age-matched control group (15 women and 15 men). MCI, AD and PK groups showed lower GPx (both genders) and GR (men only) activities compared to controls. Regarding MDA levels, only the MCI and AD groups showed higher levels compared to the control group in both men and women, suggesting that this marker can be specific for AD. The fact that MCI individuals already show higher MDA levels than controls, together with the easy obtainability of the sample type used (whole blood), suggests that this parameter can be used as a marker of prodromal AD in the clinical setting.

Influence of β-endorphin on the proliferative and phagocytic activities of peripheral blood cells of men and women from different age groups

It has been found that β-endorphin modulation of lymphocyte proliferative activity in male donors is mainly observed at a relatively young age (in groups aged 20–29 and 30–39 years), it gradually becomes lower with age, and disappears in donors at aged 50–60 years. At the same time, women have a prolonged modulating effect of peptide on proliferation. In women aged 50–59 years, the peptide has a marked promotional effect on spontaneous proliferation at concentrations of 10−7, 10−8, and 10−10 M induced by a suboptimal concentration of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) at 10−10 M, while in women aged 30–39 years, β-endorphin suppresses PHA-induced proliferative response. In men aged 20–29 years, β-endorphin stimulates the uptake capacity of neutrophils, whereas in those aged 50–59 years, this capacity is suppressed by β-endorphin. In female donors from any age groups, β-endorphin was not found to influence the activity of neurophils.

Absence of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus in blood cells of men at risk for and infected with HIV.

Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus has been detected in blood cells of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and in 3.7% of healthy controls from the same geographic region. We evaluated 996 men who were participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study for xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus sequences in blood cells by means of a real-time quantitative PCR assay. Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus was detected in none of the men on the basis of the absence of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus DNA, suggesting that infection may be population-specific.

Measurement of the immune response to an allograft: amino acid incorporation by peripheral white blood cells in man.

The uptake in vitro of 3H-thymidine and of 3H-uridine by white blood cells freshly taken from the recipients of renal transplants has been followed at regular intervals during the period of the patients' hospitalization. In addition, groups of subjects without renal failure undergoing operation and of patients on chronic dialysis have been studied. Of 33 patients undergoing rejection of their kidney, 28 showed a marked rise in the incorporation of thymidine over the period of rejection. However, a similar rise appears to accompany episodes of inter-current infection.

More on the sodium saga.

The relationship between sodium (salt) intake and blood pressure has been convincingly established by epidemiological, observational, interventional, physiological, and some genetic evidence for some time. Yet the interaction remains the subject of passionate and heated debate. Even among those who are convinced of the salt–blood pressure interaction, some advocate a population-wide attempt to reduce dietary salt intake, arguing on the basis of epidemiological and interventional evidence, and others who suggest that such interventions should be targeted toward those most likely to benefit: the “salt-sensitive” subpopulation. Studies have characterized such subgroups on the basis of higher blood pressure, increased age or African-American ethnicity.1 The issue is rendered even more compelling by the findings that salt sensitivity can be identified among “normotensive” subjects (ie, those with blood pressure <140/90) as well as those with hypertension1 and the designation of those with blood pressure levels between 120 and 139 mm Hg systolic and 80 and 89 diastolic as prehypertensive2 and at increased risk for development of fixed hypertension and for cardiovascular events compared with those with lower blood pressure.3 Observational data have provided a starting point for the quantitative considerations of dietary salt intake. The most recent (1999–2000) NHANES survey provides an estimated dietary sodium intake based on food records, excluding discretionary sodium, of 135 to 204 mmol per day for men and 100 to 135 mmol per day for women in the United States.4 Questionnaires are acknowledged to underestimate actual intake, and urinary sodium excretion has been shown to provide a more accurate index of total sodium intake because it represents ≈93% of intake at steady-state conditions.5 A recent British survey reported that urinary sodium excretion averaged 187 mmol per day for men and 139 mmol per day for women.5 This was very similar to …

Seminal White Blood Cells in Men with Urethral Tract Infection. A Monoclonal Antibody Study

Monoclonal antibodies were used to detect seminal leucocytes in 19 men with urethritis. A wide range in the number and type of leucocytes between individuals was documented (median 2.06 x 10(6)/ml, range 0.6-29.89 x 10(6)/ml); 22% of the men had less than 1 x 10(6) leucocytes/ml. The results suggest that the threshold of greater than or equal to 1 x 10(6)/ml proposed by the World Health Organisation to indicate genital tract infection is unsuitable for men with urethritis.

Effect of pulsed hydrodynamic influences on blood cells in vitro and in vivo

Impulse hydrodynamic influences (IHDI) resulted in an increase of accumulation of acridine organ, degranulation of neutrophils, decrease in adenylate cyclase and Na+, K+, Mg2(+)-dependent ATPase activities in the white blood cells of man and rat in vitro and in vivo. It was found that the cell's response to one-fold IHDI was more pronounced than to 5-fold IHDI. It was suggested that in certain conditions IHDI could lead to a decrease in reactivity of white blood cells.

Binding in vitro of pipequaline (45319 RP) onto plasma proteins and blood cells in man

Serum binding of pipequaline, a new anxiolytic drug, was studied in vitro by equilibrium dialysis. The percent binding in serum is high, 96.3%, and remains constant within the range of therapeutic concentrations. Investigations performed on isolated proteins with a wide range of concentrations showed one site with a high affinity constant (K a = 450,000 M −1) for α 1-acid glycoprotein and two sites with a lower affinity constant (K a = 58,000 M −1) for human serum albumin. Binding to lipoproteins was saturable, with an affinity constant of 22,000 ⩽ K a ⩽ 35,000 M −1. Over the range of therapeutic concentrations, the ratio of pipequaline concentrations in serum and red blood cells remained constant (14.4%) and was shown to be dependent on the free fraction of pipequaline in serum.

Sodium Pump Parameters of Red Blood Cells in Men, Women and Women Taking Oral Contraceptives

Three parameters of the sodium pump, the sodium efflux rate, the intracellular sodium content (Nai) and the number of sodium, potassium ATPase sites per red blood cell (sites/rbc) were measured simultaneously on erythrocytes from normal men and women and from women taking oral contraceptives. Significant (p less than 0.002) differences were obtained between normal men and women for sodium efflux (1.68 +/- 0.15 vs 1.52 +/- 0.12 mmoles/L rbc/hr). Among the three measured parameters, there was an inverse relationship (r = -0.74) between Nai and sites/rbc and a linear correlation (r = 0.89) between efflux per site and Nai. A positive correlation (r = 0.78) between the sites/rbc and a first-order rate constant for Na efflux/rbc suggests that one component of the rate constant is the number of sites/rbc. Values for a second-order rate constant, calculated from the assumption that efflux/rbc depends on both Nai and the number of sites/rbc, were similar for normal men and women but significantly (p less than 0.001) higher for women taking oral contraceptives.

Intracellular concentration and transmembrane fluxes of sodium and potassium in erythrocytes of normal men and women

The intracellular concentration and transmembrane fluxes of sodium and potassium were studied in the red blood cells of normal men and women in the two halves of their menstrual cycle. Compared to men, the intra-erythrocyte sodium concentration was lower in women during the second half of the menstrual cycle. These two groups were similar for Na+, K+-ATPase pump activity estimated from the ouabain-sensitive 86rubidium-uptake and for the furosemide-sensitive sodium and potassium efflux. Women in the first half of the menstrual cycle, had intra-erythrocyte sodium concentration similar to men, but their furosemide-sensitive sodium efflux was lower. A lower intra-erythrocyte sodium concentration was observed in the second half as compared to the first half of the menstrual cycle in women. No significant difference was observed in the intra-erythrocyte potassium concentration and transmembrane fluxes of potassium in men and women in either half of the menstrual cycle. Therefore one should take into account sex-related variability when studying cationic fluxes and concentrations in red blood cells of men and women.

Quantitative local x-ray spectral microanalysis of single erythrocytes

Quantitative x-ray microanalysis was used to study the content of sodium, potassium, phosphorus and chlorine in single peripheral red blood cells of man. The method for sample preparation described permits its successful use under clinical and field conditions.

Intravascular anatomy of blood cells in man--(movie).

Intravascular anatomy of blood cells in man--(movie).

Enzyme Activities in Blood Cells of Man and Dogs after Separation on a Discontinuous Percoli Gradient

From human and dog peripheral blood, thrombocytes (TRC), mononuclear cells (MNC), polymorphonuclear cells (PMNC), and red blood cells (RBC), were harvested after separation on a discontinuous Percoll gradient in a two-step centrifugation procedure, and 12 enzyme activities were determined in these highly purified cells. The enzyme activities measured are generally severalfold higher than previously reported, a fact which is attributed to the gentle and time-shortening isolation in Percoll, the cell disruption technique using detergent and the enzyme test conditions.

Evidence for in vivo compartmentation of amino acids between blood cells and plasma in man with liver disease during constant infusion of L (U- 14C) tyrosine

L (U- 14C) tyrosine tracer was infused at a constant rate for 8 hrs in a series of five patients with liver disease on two occasions, the first when diet consisted of intravenous glucose, and the second when aminoacids were added. Plateau labelling of both plasma and intracellular blood cell free tyrosine was obtained by 6 hr of each infusion. However, the intracellular specific activities were on average 50% lower ( p < 0.05) when diet was glucose alone, and 54% lower ( p < 0.01) when glucose and aminoacids were given. Change in diet did not significantly affect these differences. The results provide evidence for significant in-vivo compartmentation of aminoacids between plasma and blood cells in man with liver disease, and indicate that whole blood cannot be used in the conventional measurement of whole body protein

Regulation of haemopoiesis in altered gravity.

Summary(1) The aetiology of one of the most striking physiological changes occurring during space‐flight, the loss of red blood cells, remains unknown, and its precise time‐pattern in flight has not yet been studied.(2) It is suggested that the changes during space‐flight responsible for loss of red blood cells in man are (a) loss of plasma volume resulting from disappearance of hydrostatic pressure in the circulation during weightlessness and (b) reduced energy expended in maintenance of form, posture and locomotion resulting from elimination of the usual gravitational load on the muscles. Quadrupeds, like rats, would be expected to suffer minimal blood shifts in weightlessness and therefore have an unchanged plasma volume. However, since in weightlessness the activity‐related energy expenditure by the muscles is reduced, the accompanying reduced oxygen demand by the tissues would cause a reduction in erythropoietin levels and so in the production of red blood cells, and a progressive lowering of the total red blood cell mass toward a new steady‐state level.(3) Loss of plasma volume alone does not explain the observed loss of red blood cells in astronauts because, in the three manned Skylab missions, as the duration of the missions increased, loss of red blood cell mass decreased, whereas loss of plasma volume increased. This discrepancy is, however, well accounted for by the above hypothesis by taking into consideration the increased level of exercise of the astronauts as the duration of the mission increased.(4) Though water submersion of human subjects does mimic the effects of weightlessness, such effects were overriden in sea mammals because of adaptation to other factors associated with a life in the sea.(5) From the presented analysis of haemopoietic changes observed in spaceflight, an experiment can be designed for a future flight to uncover the causes and mechanisms of these changes and provide a basis for developing protective measures. Thus, the space environment can be used as an investigative tool to enhance the knowledge of the function of the haemopoietic system, which is a major homeostatic system of man and other vertebrates.

Preliminary evidence for the common origin of a lympho-myeloid complex in man.

In 2 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, the Philadelphia chromosome was demonstrated in peripheral blood lymphocytes. This finding points to the common origin of lymphocytes and other blood cells in man.

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:Ititravuscular Anatoruy of Blood Cells in Man. By PER‐INGVAR BRANEMARK.Sickle States: Clinicnl Features in West Africarzs. By ROGER A. LEWIS.Puathology of Sickle Cell Disease. By JOSEPH SONG. Charles C.Blood 1971. Edited by CHARLES BISHOP. Blood Information Service.Ifrternational Encyclopedia of Pharmacology and Therapeutics.

Intravascular Anatomy of Blood Cells in Man

Intravascular Anatomy of Blood Cells in Man