Blood Cell Concentration Research Articles

A Lasso Cox score consisting of CTLA4+ regulatory T cells (Treg), monocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC), and CXCR3+ CD8+ T cells: Association with adjuvant ipilimumab (ipi) survival outcomes in patients (pts) with high-risk melanoma.

e21557 Background: High-risk melanoma pts treated with ipi had a more favorable outcome than those treated with interferon-α2b (IFN) in phase III adjuvant trial E1609. We hypothesized that further profiling of circulating immune cells and cytokines would inform underlying mechanisms associated with immune response vs. resistance to CTLA4 blockade. Methods: Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to compare surface protein expression on PBMC collected at baseline, focusing on Treg, MDSC and effector T cells (N = 210 ipi, N = 119 IFN). Multiplex Luminex assays were used to test baseline serum for concentrations of candidate cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. A survival analysis tool, DRPPM-PATH-SURVEIOR, was then used to perform a univariate screening of these analytes using a Cox proportional hazards (PH) model. A median cut-point was derived for each marker, and pts were split into above or below median cohorts. The dichotomized scores were then processed through a Cox regression analysis. Features were ranked based on p-values calculated by a likelihood test for overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). A Lasso Cox regression model was further developed using Glmnet by optimizing lambda at minimum mean cross-validated error. Pts were randomly and evenly split into training and testing datasets. Results: Initial univariate Cox PH regression model screening identified 6 cellular and 2 serum protein biomarkers associated with OS and RFS. Enriched populations of CTLA4+ Treg (CD3+/CD4+/CD25hi+/CD152+) and monocytic (M)-MDSC (Lin-CD33+/HLA-DRlo+/CD14+/CD15+) were identified as being associated with poor outcome, while enriched populations of CXCR3+/CD4+ T cells, CXCR3+/CD8+ T cells, CTLA4+/INFg+/CD8+ T cells and CD39+ Treg (CD3+/CD4+/CD25hi+/CD39+) were associated with better outcome. Higher levels of CCL3 and CXCL11 chemokines in serum were associated with improved OS and RFS. To develop a prognostic model predictive of ipi treatment benefits, we focused on top ranked biomarkers and generated and tested a Lasso Cox regression model based on CTLA4+ Treg, M-MDSC and CXCR3+/CD8+ T cell populations using a training subset (N = 105 ipi pts). This model was predictive of pt OS and RFS in the testing subset (N = 105) with C-index = 0.67. To examine broader applicability of our Lasso Cox model, we analyzed an additional 119 pts treated on the IFN control arm. By incorporating treatment arm as an interaction term with our 3 biomarker Lasso Cox score, our model was determined to be predictive of risk in pts treated with ipi but not IFN. Conclusions: Our analysis confirms the predictive value of a 3 biomarker Lasso Cox score predicated on CTLA4+ Treg, M-MDSC and CXCR3+/CD8+ T cell content in patient blood at baseline as it relates to adjuvant ipi treatment outcomes.

Migration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate and di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate from transfusion medical devices in labile blood products: A comparative study.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plasticized with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used material for medical transfusion devices. Not covalently bound to PVC, DEHP can migrate into blood products during storage. Recognized as an endocrine disruptor and raising concerns about its potential carcinogenicity and reprotoxicity, DEHP is gradually being withdrawn from the medical device market. Therefore, the use of alternative plasticizers, such as diisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) and di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT), as potential candidates for the replacement of DEHP in medical transfusion devices has been investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quantity of PVC-plasticizers in the blood components according to their preparation, storage conditions and in function of the plasticizer. Whole blood was collected, and labile blood products (LBPs) were prepared by the buffy-coat method with a PVC blood bag plasticized either with DEHP, DINCH or DEHT. DINCH and DEHT equivalent concentrations were quantified in LBPs by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry or coupled with UV and compared to DEHP equivalent concentrations. The plasticizer equivalent concentration to which a patient is exposed during a transfusion depends on the preparation of LBPs as well as their storage conditions, that is, temperature and storage time. At day 1, for all LBPs, the migration of DEHP is 5.0 and 8.5 times greater than DINCH and DEHT, respectively. At the end of the 49 days storage period, the DEHP equivalent concentration in red blood cells concentrate is statistically higher when compared to DINCH and DEHT, with maximal values of 1.85, 1.13 and 0.86 μg/dm2 /mL, respectively. In addition to lower toxicity, transfused patients using PVC-DEHT or PVC-DINCH blood bags are less exposed to plasticizers than using PVC-DEHP bags with a ranging exposure reduction from 38.9% to 87.3%, due to lower leachability into blood components.

The effects of temperature and salinity on the blood chemistry and survival of juvenile Atlantic tarpon Megalops atlanticus.

Atlantic tarpon Megalops atlanticus are highly migratory sportfish that support recreational fisheries throughout their range. In US waters, juveniles can be found in coastal and estuarine habitats along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic seaboard, with temperature limiting their northern latitudinal distribution. Juveniles may overwinter in these areas during the first several years of life. Low temperatures are known to cause mortality in adults, but the challenges of temperature are less understood for juveniles. Furthermore, salinity, which can change dramatically in these habitats, may have a synergistic effect with temperature. To examine the physiological effects of temperature and salinity on juvenile tarpon, wild fish were acclimated to a range of conditions that potentially occur in the northern range of their estuarine habitats. The haematology of juvenile tarpon was examined in two salinity (≤2 and ≥30 ppt) and temperature (15 and 25°C) treatments, followed by a low-temperature tolerance test. After 2 weeks in treatment conditions, blood samples were analysed for haematocrit, pH, red blood cell concentration, haemoglobin content and plasma osmolality. Increased plasma osmolality was observed in fish at low temperature (15°C compared to 25°C) and at high salinity (≥30 ppt compared to ≤2 ppt). Blood pH was increased at 15°C compared to 25°C, with the highest pH at 15°C and low salinity. Haemoglobin, haematocrit and red blood cell concentration were higher at 25°C than 15°C, with haemoglobin lowest at 15°C and low salinity. For the low-temperature tolerance test, all fish were acclimated to 15°C for 2 weeks, then transferred to separate tanks where temperature was gradually decreased at 0.9 ± 0.1°C/h until fish lost equilibrium. Fish at low salinity lost equilibrium more rapidly (1 ppt, 12.65 ± 0.46°C) than fish at high salinity (30 ppt, 11.26 ± 0.14°C). The results indicate juvenile tarpon are susceptible to low temperature, which is exacerbated by low salinity, findings useful in the assessment of juvenile tarpon overwintering habitat.

Effects of supplementing probiotics and concentrate on intake, growth performance and blood profile of intensively kept Sahelian does fed a basal diet of Brachiaria decumbens grass

ABSTRACT The study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing probiotics and concentrates on intake and growth performance of Sahelian does fed Brachiaria decumbens grass. Twenty-four Sahelian does averaging one year and weighing 13.3 ± 1.16 kg were assigned randomly in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to four treatments in a Completely Randomized Design with 6 replicates and used to measure intake and live weight changes for 14 weeks. The factors were levels of concentrate and probiotics. Blood samples were taken for the determination of haematological and biochemical parameters. The results revealed differences (P < 0.05) in total dry matter intake, live weight changes and feed conversion ratio attributable to treatment effects. The differences observed in total dry matter intake led to improvements in average daily gain, feed conversion ratio and growth rate. All blood haematological indices with the exception of mean cell volume were impacted positively by treatment effects. White blood cell and total protein contents improved linearly with probiotics and higher level of concentrate supplementation, while total cholesterol content declined (P < 0.05). The results highlighted the positive impact of probiotics and higher level of concentrate supplementation on growth performance and blood profile of growing Sahelian does on a basal diet of Brachiaria decumbens grass.

Erythrocytes Display Metabolic Changes in High-Altitude Polycythemia.

Qile, Muge, Qiying Xu, Yi Ye, Huifang Liu, Drolma Gomchok, Juanli Liu, Tana Wuren, and Ri-Li Ge. Erythrocytes display metabolic changes in high-altitude polycythemia. High Alt Med Biol. 24:104-109, 2023. Background: Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels are increased after acute exposure to high altitude; however, whether this effect is observed in chronic high-altitude hypoxia is unknown. Methods: We studied erythrocyte S1P levels in 13 subjects with high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) and 13 control subjects and also used a mouse model of HAPC. HAPC subjects lived in Maduo (4,300 m altitude) for 10 years, whereas control subjects lived permanently in Xining (2,260 m). The mouse model of HAPC was established by stimulating an altitude of 5,000 m in a hypobaric chamber for 30 days. Hematology and S1P, CD73, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG), and reticulocyte levels were measured. Results: The hemoglobin concentration and number of red blood cells were significantly elevated in human and mouse HAPC groups. Blood S1P levels in HAPC subjects and mice were higher than those in control groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). 2,3-BPG and CD73 levels in HAPC subjects were significantly higher than those in control subjects (p < 0.05). No significant changes in reticulocyte levels were observed. Conclusions: The critical altitude-induced metabolic changes such as S1P retained high levels even after prolonged exposure, and it may inspire future research into therapeutic strategies for hypoxia-associated illnesses.

Previously Undiagnosed Anemia and Iron Deficiency Anemia among Preschool Children at Taif City

Introduction: In the Arab Gulf countries, anemia, including iron deficiency anemia )IDA(, considered one of the main public health problems. Although, the World Health Organization reported that IDA as the most common type of anemia, which made up half of all anemic cases all over the world, there were limited research performed among preschool children about anemia in Saudi Arabia. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of previously undiagnosed anemia and IDA among children between 2 to 6 years old. In this study, several risk factors that might contribute to the high prevalence of anemia were assessed. Methods: The study was carried out in Taif city during the period from January 2023 to April 2023. Blood samples were collected from 200 preschool children and analyzed for hematological parameters as well as related biochemistry tests to investigate the prevalence of previously undiagnosed anemia and IDA. Results: The majority of the study participants were Saudi 99% and aged 4 to 6 years 72.5%. Most of children participants, 92.5% had normal haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and normal levels of red blood cells (RBCs) and normal hematocrit indicating their non-anemia health status. In this study, previously undiagnosed anemia were reported within 6% of children indicated by low Hb concentration, low RBC count and abnormal low hematocrit level. Out of these undiagnosed anemic children, there were 25% diagnosed with IDA. Conclusions: Since, anemia and IDA are still a public health problem among preschool children in Saudi Arabia this study suggested that the hematological blood examination should be done to students as a requirement before school which may reveal the presence of previously undiagnosed anemia and might associated with low mantle and functional performance among children. Moreover, further studies are recommended at all regions of the Kingdome to investigate the underlying related risk factors, which will provide more insight ....

Elucidating the effects of acute and chronic exposure to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) innate immunity

Aquatic herbicides, such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) formulations, are commonly used for invasive species management throughout the United States. Ecologically relevant concentrations of 2,4-D can impair essential behaviors, reduce survival, and act as an endocrine disruptor; however, there is limited knowledge of its effects on the health of non-target organisms. Here, we investigate the acute and chronic exposure impacts of 2,4-D on adult male and female fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) innate immune function. We exposed both adult male and female fathead minnows to three different ecologically relevant concentrations of 2,4-D (0.00, 0.40, and 4.00 mg/L) and took blood samples at three acute time points (6, 24, and 96 h) and one chronic time point (30 days). We found that male fatheads had higher total white blood cell concentrations when exposed to 2,4-D at the acute time points. For the females, only proportions of specific cell types were altered when exposed to 2,4-D at the acute time points. However, we did not observe any significant impacts of chronic exposure to 2,4-D on any innate immune responses for either males or females. Overall, this study is the first step in answering an important question for game fisheries and management agencies while providing insight to future studies that investigate the impacts of herbicide exposure to freshwater fish health and immunity.

Age, dose, and binding to TfR on blood cells influence brain delivery of a TfR-transported antibody

BackgroundTransferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) mediated brain delivery of antibodies could become important for increasing the efficacy of emerging immunotherapies in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, age, dose, binding to TfR1 on blood cells, and pathology could influence the TfR1-mediated transcytosis of TfR1-binders across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The aim of the study was, therefore, to investigate the impact of these factors on the brain delivery of a bispecific TfR1-transported Aβ-antibody, mAb3D6-scFv8D3, in comparison with the conventional antibody mAb3D6.MethodsYoung (3–5 months) and aged (17–20 months) WT and tg-ArcSwe mice (AD model) were injected with 125I-labeled mAb3D6-scFv8D3 or mAb3D6. Three different doses were used in the study, 0.05 mg/kg (low dose), 1 mg/kg (high dose), and 10 mg/kg (therapeutic dose), with equimolar doses for mAb3D6. The dose-corrected antibody concentrations in whole blood, blood cells, plasma, spleen, and brain were evaluated at 2 h post-administration. Furthermore, isolated brains were studied by autoradiography, nuclear track emulsion, and capillary depletion to investigate the intrabrain distribution of the antibodies, while binding to blood cells was studied in vitro using blood isolated from young and aged mice.ResultsThe aged WT and tg-ArcSwe mice showed significantly lower brain concentrations of TfR-binding [125I]mAb3D6-scFv8D3 and higher concentrations in the blood cell fraction compared to young mice. For [125I]mAb3D6, no significant differences in blood or brain delivery were observed between young and aged mice or between genotypes. A low dose of [125I]mAb3D6-scFv8D3 was associated with increased relative parenchymal delivery, as well as increased blood cell distribution. Brain concentrations and relative parenchymal distribution of [125I]mAb3D6-scFv8D6 did not differ between tg-ArcSwe and WT mice at this early time point but were considerably increased compared to those observed for [125I]mAb3D6.ConclusionAge-dependent differences in blood and brain concentrations were observed for the bispecific antibody mAb3D6-scFv8D3 but not for the conventional Aβ antibody mAb3D6, indicating an age-related effect on TfR1-mediated brain delivery. The lowest dose of [125I]mAb3D6-scFv8D3 was associated with higher relative BBB penetration but, at the same time, a higher distribution to blood cells. Overall, Aβ-pathology did not influence the early brain distribution of the bispecific antibody. In summary, age and bispecific antibody dose were important factors determining brain delivery, while genotype was not.

Hyper high haemoglobin content in red blood cells and erythropoietic transitions postnatally in infants of 22 to 26 weeks’ gestation: a prospective cohort study

ObjectiveBlood cell populations, including red blood cells (RBC) unique to the extremely preterm (EPT) infant, are potentially lost due to frequent clinical blood sampling during neonatal intensive care. Currently, neonatal...

93 Impact of Different Stressors on Physiological and Immunological Variables in Dairy Calves

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different stressors on physiological and innate immune variables in weaned dairy calves. Dairy steers [n = 40;10 ±1.8 kg body weight (BW)] were transported to the Calf Building at the USDA-ARS Livestock Issues Research Unit where they were housed in individual pens in an environmentally controlled room. Calves had ad libitum access to water and a starter ration. At arrival, calves were randomly allotted to four treatment groups (n = 10/treatment): 1) Control, 2) Transport (transported in a livestock trailer for 4 h), 3) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; administered i.v. 0.10 µg /kg BW), 4) Vaccine (administered a Mannheimia Haemolyticatoxoid vaccine; OneShot, Zoetis). One day before application of stressors, indwelling jugular vein catheters and rectal temperature (RT) recording devices were placed in all calves. Whole blood was collected at -1, -0.5, 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h relative to application of stressors for serum, plasma, and hematology. There was a treatment × time interaction (P ≤ 0.01) for all hematology parameters except for hemoglobin and platelets. Monocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil, basophil, and white blood cell concentrations and the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio were reduced (P &amp;lt; 0.02) in calves administered LPS compared with all other treatments. For calves administered the Vaccine treatment, white blood cell and neutrophil concentrations and the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio increased (P &amp;lt; 0.04) 4 h post-challenge compared with other treatments. There was a treatment × time interaction (P &amp;lt; 0.01) for the change in RT relative to baseline values. The change in RT increased following administration of LPS and peaked at approximately 3 h post-challenge before decreasing to near baseline values. In contrast, RT began to increase 3 h post-challenge in calves administered the Vaccine treatment, where the greatest RT values were observed at 6 h post-challenge. There was a treatment x time interaction (P &amp;lt; 0.01) for cortisol concentrations, where calves administered LPS produced the greatest increase in cortisol compared with all other treatments. There was a treatment x time interaction (P &amp;lt; 0.01) for tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1b (MIP-1b). Concentrations of TNF-a remained greater in LPS and Vaccine calves compared with Control and Transport calves while MIP-1b concentrations remained omcreased for calves administered LPS compared with the other treatments. Results from this study suggest that common challenges experienced by dairy calves differentially influence physiological and immunological variables in weaned dairy calves.

Identification of novel urine proteomic biomarkers for high stamina in high-altitude adaptation.

Introduction: We aimed to identify urine biomarkers for screening individuals with adaptability to high-altitude hypoxia with high stamina levels. Although most non-high-altitude natives experience rapid decline in physical ability when ascending to high altitudes, some individuals with high-altitude adaptability continue to maintain high endurance levels. Methods: We divided the study population into two groups: the LC group (low change in endurance from low to high altitude) and HC group (high change in endurance from low to high altitude). We performed blood biochemistry testing for individuals at high altitudes and sea level. We used urine peptidome profiling to compare the HH (high-altitude with high stamina) and HL (high-altitude with low stamina) groups and the LC and HC groups to identify urine biomarkers. Results: Routine blood tests revealed that the concentration of white blood cells, lymphocytes and platelets were significantly higher in the HH group than in the HL group. Urine peptidome profiling showed that the proteins ITIH1, PDCD1LG2, NME1-NME2, and CSPG4 were significantly differentially expressed between the HH and HL groups, which was tested using ELISA. Urine proteomic analysis showed that LRG1, NID1, VASN, GPX3, ACP2, and PRSS8 were urine proteomic biomarkers of high stamina during high-altitude adaptation. Conclusion: This study provides a novel approach for identifying potential biomarkers for screening individuals who can adapt to high altitudes with high stamina.

1H-NMR analysis reveals cold acclimation induces homeoviscous adaptation in membranes from liver, but not in blood cells or skeletal muscle in the freeze tolerant Cope's gray treefrog

Cope’s gray treefrog Dryophytes chrysoscelis is a seasonally freeze tolerant anuran capable of repeatedly freezing and thawing as much as two-thirds of body water by accumulating and mobilizing cryoprotectants. In cold-acclimated D. chrysoscelis, RBCs are inherently freeze tolerant in vitro, suggesting that membrane composition may contribute to cellular freeze tolerance. The objective of this study is to compare the effects of cold acclimation on lipid profiles of membranes from liver, muscle, and blood cells, to assess the role of membrane composition in cellular and organismal freeze tolerance. It is hypothesized that membrane biochemical composition is tissue-specific and is sensitive to environmental fluctuation. Membranes were prepared from liver (N=7), skeletal muscle (N=7), and blood cells (WBCs, RBCs, and platelets) (N=5) collected from wild-caught male treefrogs that were either cold-acclimated (5°C, 8 hrs daylight) or maintained in warm conditions (22°C, 12 hrs daylight). Fatty acid characterization and cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TAG) content were evaluated using 1 H-NMR spectra collected in a 400 MHz Bruker Avance spectrometer. Principal component analysis demonstrated that membrane lipid profiles were tissue-specific, but distinct warm and cold profiles were detected only in liver. Fatty acids in liver membranes did not vary with acclimation state in chain length ( P=0.46), but total unsaturation was nearly 2-fold greater in cold compared with warm frogs ( P&lt;0.05). Monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids were elevated by 1.7-fold in cold frogs ( P&lt;0.05). Of the PUFA lipid species assessed, linoleic acid (LA) was more than doubled in cold frogs ( P&lt;0.05), while other Ω-3 and Ω-6 fatty acids did not vary between groups ( P&gt;0.5). TAG, free cholesterol, and esterified cholesterol were elevated by 2.5-fold, 2-fold, and 1.4-fold, respectively, in cold frogs (P&lt;0.05), while free cholesterol did not vary between groups ( P=0.38). In membranes from muscle and blood cells, neither fatty acid characterization nor TAG and cholesterol varied between warm and cold frogs, but trends suggested that MUFA ( P=0.10) and LA ( P=0.06) content in blood cells may be elevated in warm frogs. Overall, liver membranes are remodeled during cold acclimation, supporting the hypothesis that membrane composition is adapted to maintain cell function and integrity (i.e. homeoviscous adaptation). Specifically, elevated fatty acid unsaturation and cholesterol in liver likely contribute to cellular freeze tolerance and may support the central role of liver in mobilizing metabolites and cryoprotectants during cold acclimation. However, the absence of such changes (or even changes in the opposite direction) in muscle and blood cells indicates that additional environmental cues, such as exposure to freezing conditions, may be required to induce remodeling and/or that membrane lipid composition does not contribute to freeze tolerance in some tissues. This study was supported by a UD STEM Catalyst Grant awarded to CMK and JE, a Graduate Student Summer Fellowship and Dittrich-Spotila Research Fellowship awarded to EEY, and an NSF-MRI Grant awarded to JE and CMK that was supported by the Ohio Action Fund. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Molgramostim Efficiency Trial in Acute Radiation Damage (Experimental Study)

The purpose of the study was to study the specific activity of the drug molgramostim (Neostim®) under conditions of a single general γ-irradiation. Evaluation of the anti-radiation efficacy of the conducted studies, studying the 30-day survival rate and life expectancy of irradiated (at doses of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Gy) mice, as well as the dynamics of peripheral blood, extramedlar and bone marrow hematopoiesis. It has been established that 14-fold (with an interval of 12 hours) subcutaneous administration of the drug molgramostim at a dose of 5 μg/kg to mice after irradiation at an average lethal dose (6 Gy) has a pronounced anti-radiation effect. The value of the dose change factor when the drug is administered at the optimal dose is 1.16. The use of molgramostim increases the survival rate of mice by 30%, contributes to an earlier, compared with irradiated ani-mals of the control group, restoration of the content of peripheral blood cells (by day 10, the number of leukocytes was 50% more, and the number of lymphocytes, erythrocytes and platelets – by 10% than in animals that did not receive the drug), as well as an increase in the number of endogenous CFU by 30% compared with the control and the number of bone marrow myelokaryocytes by an average of 1.2 times.

Non-invasive detection of the content of white blood cells in the blood of humans based on dynamic spectrum

Objective. Changes in white blood cell content have been shown to be useful in determining whether the body is in a healthy state. We propose an improved data processing and modeling approach, which helps to accommodate blood component content detection and improve prediction accuracy. A pproach. In this experiment, the finger-end transmission method was used for spectral measurement, and we collected a total of 440 sample data. In this paper, we first use the method of CEEMDAN combined with wavelet threshold to denoise the PPG signal, and then use the integral method to extract the spectral features, which makes up for the defects of the single-edge method using incomplete data and the deviation of the slope of the rising segment from the actual signal. We further improve the screening of samples and wavelengths, and used PLS regression modeling combine the double nonlinear correction method to build the most stable and universal model. Main results. The model has been applied to 332 subjects’ finger transmission spectral data to predict the concentration of leukocytes. The correlation coefficient of the final training set result was 0.927, and the root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.569×109 l−1, the correlation coefficient of the prediction set result is 0.817, and the RMSE is 0.826×109 l−1, which proves the practicability of the proposed method. Significance. We propose a non-invasive method for detecting leukocyte concentration in blood that can also be generalized to detect other blood components.

Expression and diagnostic significance of integrin beta-2 in synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by synovial cartilage degeneration and is the leading cause of disability and pain worldwide. This study sought to investigate the expression of integrin beta-2 (ITGB2) in synovial fluid of OA patients and its clinical significance. A total of 110 OA patients were enrolled, who were classified into grade I (N = 35), II (N = 42), and III (N = 33) according to the Kellgren-Lawrence classification, with 110 healthy subjects as controls, and their clinical data were compared. ITGB2 level was detected by RT-qPCR. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the predictive value of ITGB2 on OA occurrence. The correlation between ITGB2 and bone metabolism indexes procollagen type I N-terminal peptide (PINP), bone glaprotein (BGP), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and β-collagen I telopeptide (β-CTX) was analyzed by the Pearson method. Logistic regression model was performed to analyze the influencing factors of OA. The content of red blood cells, white blood cells, PINP, BGP, and BALP was lowered in OA patients, while β-CTX was elevated. ITGB2 was highly-expressed in OA patients, negatively-correlated with PINP, BGP, and BALP, but positively-correlated with β-CTX. ITGB2 level increased with the elevation of OA grade. The ITGB2 level >1.375 had certain diagnostic values for OA. ITGB2 level is related to OA severity and may be a biomarker for OA classification. ITGB2 was an independent risk factor for OA. High expression of ITGB2 in synovial fluid can assist OA diagnosis and may be a biomarker for OA grade.

Effect of Amomum granum paradis medium in sperm parameters activation in Vitro of infertile patients suffering from Asthenospermi

In the present investigation, 165 mock male sperm samples were examined and revived. The study used Amumum extract with three different concentrations to increase the reproductive capacity and activate sperm parameters. After using the culture medium, the concentration in the swimming technique and a concentration of 50mlg\ Lwere demonstrated, with significant increases in the percentage of motile spermatozoa, the degree of sperm activity, and the sperm motility factor, and significant decreases in the spermatozoa concentration, the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa, and the concentration of white blood cells. As a result, the results showed a significant (p &lt; 0.05) increase in the percentage of motile sperm, the degree of sperm activity, the coefficient of sperm motility, a significant decrease in the concentration of sperm, and an abnormal percentage. Sperm, after using the culture medium, and concentrated in the swimming technique, and a concentration of 50mlg\ l We conclude from the current study that Amomum granum has a clear role in stimulating sperm transactions and thus has a role in increasing the chances of successful external fertilization operations.

Two-beam phase correlation spectroscopy: a label-free holographic method to quantify particle flow in biofluids

We introduce two-beam phase correlation spectroscopy (2B-ΦCS) as a label-free technique to measure the dynamics of flowing particles; e.g., in vitro or in vivo blood flow. 2B-ΦCS combines phase imaging with correlation spectroscopy, using the intrinsic refractive index contrast of particles against the fluid background in correlation analysis. This method starts with the acquisition of a time series of phase images of flowing particles using partially coherent point-diffraction digital holographic microscopy. Then, phase fluctuations from two selected circular regions in the image series are correlated to determine the concentration and flow velocity of the particles by fitting pair correlation curves with a physical model. 2B-ΦCS is a facile procedure when using a microfluidic channel, as shown by the measurements on flowing yeast microparticles, polymethyl methacrylate microparticles, and diluted rat blood. In the latter experiment, the concentration and average diameter of rat blood cells were determined to be (4.7±1.9)×106 μL−1 and 4.6±0.4 μm, respectively. We further analyzed the flow of mainly red blood cells in the tail vessels of live zebrafish embryos. Arterial and venous flow velocities were measured as 290±110 μm s−1 and 120±50 μm s−1, respectively. We envision that our technique will find applications in imaging transparent organisms and other areas of the life sciences and biomedicine.

Rapid detection of white blood cells using hyperspectral microscopic imaging system combined with Multi-data Faster RCNN

Blood test is a basic medical test item, and the content of white blood cells (WBCs) is directly related to the evaluation of the patient's health and the judgment of serious diseases. However, both manual detection method and traditional image recognition method have the problem of insufficient efficiency and accuracy. The purpose of this study is to propose a fast and accurate WBC detection method, called hyperspectral based Multi-data Faster RCNN. For hyperspectral multi-dimensional sensing information, one-dimensional (1-D) CNN and Faster RCNN were used to model and analyze spectral and image features, respectively. And then, the Multi-data Faster RCNN was built, in which the 1-D CNN network and fusion network layer were added in Faster RCNN to realize the joint detection based on spectral and image fusion features of WBCs. The hyperspectral system coupled with Multi-data Faster RCNN can effectively improve the accuracy of WBCs’ recognition. The average precision (Ap) value and the F1 score of each classification of WBCs were above 0.9, and the mean average precision (mAP) even reached 0.962. The results showed that the Multi-data Faster RCNN integrated with hyperspectral imaging had great potential in the detection of WBCs.

Correlations between biomarkers of senescent cell accumulation at the systemic, tissue and cellular levels in elderly patients

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between established clinical systemic biomarkers of ageing and the development of age-associated diseases and senescent cell biomarkers at tissue and cellular levels.Thirty-eight patients (mean age 70 ± 4.9 years) who were assessed for traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases were included. From all patients we obtained biomaterials (peripheral blood, skin, subcutaneous fatty tissue) and isolated different cell types (peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), fibroblasts (FB) and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC)). Isolated cells were analyzed using several senescent cells biomarkers such as telomere length and telomerase activity, proliferation rate, cell cycle inhibitor expression (p16 and p21), b-galactosidase activity, gH2AX expression. CD34+ cell content in peripheral blood was determined by flow cytometry. Systemic senescent cell-associated factors (insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), osteoprogerin, ferritin, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)) in peripheral blood as well as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components in MSC and FB secretome were evaluated by ELISA. Skin and adipose tissue biopsy samples were analyzed histologically to assess senescent cell markers.A strong significant association of tissue p16 expression with age (r = 0.600, p < 0.001), pulse wave velocity (PWV) (r = 0.394, p = 0.015), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) content (r = 0.312, p = 0.006) in the systemic blood stream and p16 mRNA level in the blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) (r = 0.380, p = 0.046) were confirmed by correlation analysis. Statistically significant correlations were found with indicators of FBs and MSCs proliferation in culture and acquisition of SASP by the cells. Thus, p16 expression in tissues correlated significantly with interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.485, p < 0.05) and monocyte chemoattractant protein type 1 (MCP-1) (r = 0.372, p < 0.05) secretion by isolated cells. The results of regression analysis confirmed that, regardless of age, the expression of p16 was associated with the proliferation of isolated cells and IL-6 within SASP. Based on these findings, two models have been proposed to predict the level of p16 expression in tissues from the levels of other markers of senescent cell accumulation determined by non-invasive methods and available in clinical practice.

Urine specific gravity, pyuria, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin for identifying urinary tract infection in young children.

To determine whether urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) might be superior to pyuria for detecting urinary tract infection (UTI) regardless of urine specific gravity (SG) in young children. We conducted a retrospective analysis of children aged < 3 years who were evaluated for UTI with urinalysis, urine culture, and uNGAL measurements during a 5-year period. Sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios (LRs), predictive values (PVs), area under the curves (AUCs) of uNGAL cut-off levels, and various microscopic pyuria thresholds for detecting UTI were calculated for dilute (SG < 1.015) and concentrated urine (SG ≥ 1.015). Of 456 children included, 218 had UTI. The diagnostic value of urine white blood cell (WBC) concentration to define UTI changed with urine SG. For detecting UTI, uNGAL cut-off of 68.4 ng/mL had higher AUC values than pyuria ≥ 5 WBCs/high power field (HPF) for dilute and concentrated urine samples (both P < 0.05). Positive LR and PV and specificity of uNGAL were all greater than those of pyuria ≥ 5 WBCs/HPF regardless of urine SG, although the sensitivity of pyuria ≥ 5 WBCs/HPF was higher than that of uNGAL cut-off for dilute urine (93.8% vs. 83.5%) (P < 0.05). At uNGAL ≥ 68.4 ng/mL and ≥ 5 WBCs/HPF, posttest probabilities of UTI were 68.8% and 57.5% for dilute urine and 73.4% and 57.3% for concentrated urine, respectively. Urine SG can affect the diagnostic performance of pyuria for detecting UTI and uNGAL might be helpful for identifying UTI regardless of urine SG in young children. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.