Blood Biochemical Analysis Research Articles

TLR3 Gene Polymorphism in HCV Infection in the Kazakh Population of Western Kazakhstan.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a common cause of cirrhosis worldwide, leading to significant economic and social burdens. Approximately 170 million people (3% of the population) are infected with HCV, with the risk of developing complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the United States, HCV is the main cause of liver cirrhosis, accounting for 26% of cases. Recent studies have shown an increase in the proportion of HCV-related liver cirrhosis. A total of 102 patients with chronic hepatitis C in the reactivation phase from the Atyrau and Aktobe regional hepatology centers, who had not previously received antiviral therapy, were examined. A control group, matched by gender and age, included 127 practically healthy individuals of Kazakh nationality. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination, which included a complete blood count, a biochemical blood analysis and PCR for HCV. Venous blood samples were taken from all subjects for molecular genetic analysis. Genotyping of TLR3 polymorphism (rs5743312, rs5743305, rs3775291, rs5743311, rs1879026) was performed using real-time PCR. Thes study is a case control study. In patients with cirrhosis of the liver resulting from chronic hepatitis C (HCV), the results of biochemical analysis were statistically significantly higher than in patients with HCV without liver cirrhosis: the levels of total bilirubin (p 0.017*), alkaline phosphatase (p 0.022*), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (0.041*) were elevated. The results indicated that the CC genotype of TLR3 rs1879026 was associated with the development and chronicity of HCV infection compared to practically healthy individuals (p=0.001). In the distribution of genotypes and alleles for rs5743312, rs5743305, rs3775291, and rs5743311, no significant differences were found between patients with HCV and the healthy control group. The TLR3 rs1879026 gene polymorphism plays a significant role in the predisposition to HCV infection in the Kazakh population of the Aktobe and Atyrau regions.

Multidisciplinary Management of the Patient with Knee Endoprosthetics. A Case Report

The most commonly diagnosed type of arthritis is osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint, the incidence of which constantly increases with increasing life expectancy. Theaim of this case study is the multidisciplinary management of the patient with knee endoprosthetics. The case was defined as the right knee joint's osteoarthritis operative treatmentand rehabilitation. A 64-year-old -male patient complained of right-sided stage III idiopathic gonarthrosis. The patient passed the general blood analysis, biochemical blood analysis,coagulogram, and urine analysis. The patient passed the ultrasound low limbs veins examination. The total right knee endoprosthesis with the implantation was done. The prosthesiscomponents as Journey II BCS Femoral Component Right 4, Tibial component Journey Right 4, and liner Journey II BCS XLPE Right 10 mm 3-4 were fixed to the male patient. Thepatient's rehabilitation period passed through three stages: III, idiopathic gonarthrosis with various deformities of the right lower limb; stage III, patellofemoral arthrosis, synovitis ofthe right knee joint, osteoporosis, complicated joint insufficiency, and stage III. The male patient was prescribed the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The male patientreceived the treatment with the hyaluronic acid. The male patient had no improvement results for four years, and the pharmacological treatment was unsuccessful. The prosthesiscomponents are Journey II BCS Femoral Component Right 4, Tibial component Journey Right 4, and liner Journey II BCS XLPE Right 10 mm 3-4 fixed to the male patient. Physicalrehabilitation after the total knee endoprosthetic was performed several stages after surgery. Stage one - immediately after surgery during the first 5 days. Stage two – the clinicalstage in the early recovery period. Stage three - after the hospital during the first 3 months. After 6 months, the male patient was allowed to walk without the additional support.He was restricted from lifting weights and preventing falls. A year after the operation, the right knee joint movements' amplitude was sufficient, and there was no pain syndrome.Total knee endoprosthesis leads to high patient satisfaction and provides patients with life-quality benefits, pain relief, and function. The patient's rehabilitation period, includingphysical exercises and physiotherapy, is a very important stage. Effective patient rehabilitation after knee endoprosthetics is possible using multidisciplinary management.

Evaluation of cyto-genotoxicity biomarkers, changes in histology and antioxidant defense system of Oreochromis niloticus induced by the industrial effluents

Aquatic pollution mainly by industrial effluents has been a major concern since a few decades. The current study evaluated cyto-genotoxicity of industrial effluents on Oreochromis niloticus exposed to sublethal levels by hematotoxicity, blood biochemistry analysis, micronucleus assay, antioxidants and cerebral toxicity. The significant elevation in differential leukocytes of exposed fish was indicative of infections and compromised immune system. The acute and chronic industrial effluent exposure caused significant decline in aspartame transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) and renal function enzymes. Necrosis, hyperplastic growth, hypertrophy and toxicant accumulation exhibited cerebral toxicity potential of industrial toxicants. A significant decrease in antioxidants, GSH, SOD and catalase (0.14, 0.66 and 1549 unit/mg protein) in chronic exposure group in comparison to 0.18, 2.83, 7680 and 6200.8 values of GSH, SOD, GPx and CAT, respectively. Results showed that acute and chronic industrial effluent exposure caused genotoxicity with higher frequencies of formation of micronuclei and cytokaryotic fusion.

The Protective Effect of the Asystasia chelonoides Extracts on Hypertensive Nephropathy Rats.

Hypertensive nephropathy (HN) is one kind of kidney disorders caused by long-term uncontrolled hypertension, usually resulting in severe kidney damage, including inflammation and oxidative stress, no matter in cells or tissues, from patients with nephropathy. In recent years, nephropathy accompanied by hypertension is becoming one of the main causes for kidney replacement therapy, but few effective treatments have been reported for HN treatment. Asystasia chelonoides (AC) is a kind of plant with the effects of anti-inflammation, lowering blood pressure, and anti-oxidative stress. Still, the therapeutic effect of AC in HN rats is not clear. To establish HN model by feeding high sugar and high fat diet spontaneously hypertensive rats. Blood measurement, HE staining, PAS staining and biochemical analysis and were used to assess the therapeutic effects of AC extracts and western blotting analyzed the underlying mechanisms of AC extracts treatment in the HN rat model. AC extracts could significantly lower systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MBP) in HN rats; and reduce the expression of total protein (TP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), microalbuminuria (MALB), creatinine (Cr), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations, and also could down-regulate expression of IL-6, MDA and AGEs, up-regulate the expression of SOD in HN rats; HE staining and PAS staining demonstrated that AC extracts could alleviate the histopathological changes in HN rats; western blotting demonstrated that AC extracts could up-regulate the expression of PPARγ and down-regulate the expression of TGFβ1 and NF-кB in HN rats. The finding of the article demonstrated that AC extracts had the better therapeutic effect for HN, and provided the pharmacological evidences for AC extracts treatment for HN.

A rare case of an asymptomatic ovarian cystadenoma in a Labrador retriever

In this report, a clinical case of asymptomatic ovarian cystadenoma in a six-year-old, female Labrador retriever is described. The owner reported that the dog had been presented for routine spaying two weeks earlier in another clinic. During the operation, the veterinarian discovered a unilateral mass at the tip of the left uterine horn, which he could not remove and ovariohysterectomy was not performed. The patient was then referred to the Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed the presence of a hypoechoic mass in the region of the left ovary (50.0 × 71.8 mm). Complete blood cell counts and biochemical laboratory analysis showed no abnormalities. Caudal midline celiotomy was performed and a substantially altered left ovary was observed. The right ovary and uterus had a normal size and structure. Macroscopic changes in the other abdominal organs were not found. The histopathological finding of the neoplastic formation was characteristic of an ovarian cystadenoma. At follow-up one month after surgery, the dog had fully recovered, and at re-examination six months after surgery, she appeared healthy and all clinical findings were normal.

Characteristics of patients with non-specific aortoarteritis and arterial hypertension based on retrospective analysis

The aim was to study the medical history, laboratory and instrumental data, the trends of arterial hypertension (AH), risk factors for cardiovascular events, target organ damage (TOD), and the development of cardiovascular complications in patients with NSAA (Non-Specific Aortoarteritis).Materials and Methods. The study included 33 women with confirmed NSAA who had been treated at the 5th Cardiology Department of the E.I. Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology since 2005. Complete blood count, biochemical blood analysis, urine analysis, the following instrumental examinations, such as, ECG, echocardiography, ultrasound of the brachial, femoral, aortic, and renal arteries, MRA or CT angiography with contrast, blood pressure measurement in the arms and legs were performed for all patients. Telephone interviews were conducted to assess some patient's condition over time.Results. The most common symptom (84% of patients) was AH, the average age of AH onset was 30 [19; 40] years and the AH average duration is 7,5 [2; 13] years. Nearly half of the patients (45%) had AH as the leading symptom that led them to perform the examination that helped to the diagnosis of NSAA. The average systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were 123±35 mmHg and 66±17 mmHg in the upper extremities, and 166±31 mmHg and 78±18 mmHg in the lower extremities, respectively. About half of patients (51%) had stage 3 AH, and almost all of them had type 3 according to E. Lupi-Herrera classification. The most common risk factors for cardiovascular events were dyslipidemia (82%), a family history of early cardiovascular events (51%), resting heart rate above 80 bpm (25%), and carbohydrate metabolism disorders (21%). When assessing cardiovascular risk, moderate risk of developing cardiovascular events was observed in 3 patients (10,7%), high risk in 16 patients (57,1%), and very high risk in 9 patients (32,1%). The most common TODs were nervous system damage (53%), including cerebrovascular ischemic events (14%) and left ventricular hypertrophy (42%). This group of patients was characterized by resistant hypertension, and combination with other risk factors for cardiovascular events, it leds to severe TOD and influenced survival rate. In terms of antihypertensive therapy, 61% of patients received combination therapy, with CCB, beta-blockers, and imidazoline receptor agonist being the most prescribed. Two fatal cases were identified in the long-term follow-up, and cardiovascular events, most frequently stroke, were the main complications observed. Additionally, AH progression and its uncontrolled course despite going through multiple drug therapy were characteristic.Conclusion: AH is often difficult to diagnostic in patients with NSAA, and it significantly contributes to the structure of complications and mortality in this patient cohort, progressively worsening over time. It is important to measure blood pressure in both arms and legs to detect elevated values early. The main goals of treatment are achieving NSAA remission and blood pressure control and preventing cardiovascular events.

PREDICTIVE FACTORS AND CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL FEATURES OF URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTION IN PRETERM INFANTS

PREDICTIVE FACTORS AND CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL FEATURES OF URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTION IN PRETERM INFANTS

Ultrasmall Bi/Cu Coordination Polymer Combined with Glucose Oxidase for Tumor Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy by Starvation and Photothermal Treatment.

Multi-modal combination therapy for tumor is expected to have superior therapeutic effect compared with monotherapy. In this study, a super-small bismuth/copper-gallic acid coordination polymer nanoparticle (BCN) protected by polyvinylpyrrolidone is designed, which is co-encapsulated with glucose oxidase (GOX) by phospholipid to obtain nanoprobe BCGN@L. It shows that BCN has an average size of 1.8 ± 0.7nm, and photothermal conversion of BCGN@L is 31.35% for photothermal imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT). During the treatment process of 4T1 tumor-bearing nude mice, GOX catalyzes glucose in the tumor to generate gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), which reacts with copper ions (Cu2+ ) to produce toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and new fresh oxygen (O2 ) to supply to GOX for further catalysis, preventing tumor hypoxia. These reactions increase glucose depletion for starvation therapy , decrease heat shock protein expression, and enhance tumor sensitivity to low-temperature PTT. The in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the combination of CDT with other treatments produces excellent tumor growth inhibition. Blood biochemistry and histology analysis suggests that the nanoprobe has negligible toxicity. All the positive results reveal that the nanoprobe can be a promising approach for incorporation into multi-modal anticancer therapy.

Silver Nanoparticles Decorated with Curcumin Enhance the Efficacy of Metformin in Diabetic Rats via Suppression of Hepatotoxicity.

Hepatotoxicity is one of the significant side effects of chronic diabetes mellitus (DM) besides nephrotoxicity and pancreatitis. The management of this disease is much dependent on the restoration of the liver to its maximum functionality, as it is the central metabolic organ that gets severely affected during chronic diabetes. The present study investigates if the silver nanoparticles decorated with curcumin (AgNP-Cur) can enhance the efficacy of metformin (a conventional antidiabetic drug) by countering the drug-induced hepatoxicity. Swiss albino rats were categorized into six treatment groups (n = 6): control (group I without any treatment), the remaining five groups (group II, IV, V, VI) were DM-induced by streptozocin. Group II was untreated diabetic positive control, whereas groups III was administered with AgNP-cur (5 mg/kg). Diabetic group IV treated with metformin while V and VI were treated with metformin in a combination of the two doses of NPs (5 and 10 mg/kg) according to the treatment schedule. Biochemical and histological analysis of blood and liver samples were conducted after the treatment. The groups V and VI treated with the combination exhibited remarkable improvement in fasting glucose, lipid profile (HDL and cholesterol), liver function tests (AST, ALT), toxicity markers (GGT, GST and LDH), and redox markers (GSH, MDA and CAT) in comparison to group II in most of the parameters. Histological evaluation and comet assay further consolidate these biochemical results, pleading the restoration of the cellular structure of the target tissues and their nuclear DNA. Therefore, the present study shows that the NPs can enhance the anti-diabetic action by suppression of the drug-mediated hepatoxicity via relieving from oxidative stress, toxic burden and inflammation.

Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) Extract Mediated Biochemical, Haematological and Histological Alterations in Mice

Tinospora cordifolia (TC), a medicinal plant deeply integrated into India's folklore and Ayurvedic medical tradition, has been a reliable remedy for addressing various health concerns. Despite its proven efficacy in managing diseases, it is essential to exercise prudence regarding its dosage, as excessive consumption may result in undesirable consequences. This present study seeks to ascertain if the methanolic extract of TC triggers any adverse effects on organ function, haematological parameters, or biochemical profiles. The extract was administered intra peritoneally (IP) into the Swiss albino mice at a concentration of 300mg/kg body weight and observations were taken on 7th and 14th day. In comparison to control groups, the levels of haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PVC), red blood corpuscles (RBC), red cell distribution width (RCW), and platelet count increase. However, significant decrease was also observed in the levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and lymphocytes. Blood biochemical analysis reveals a significant increase in urea but a subsequent decrease in blood sugar levels. The findings unequivocally illustrate the disruption in the seminiferous tubules of the testis, accompanied by a decrease in spermatid count. Furthermore, observable damage to kidney tissues was noted. Based on these observations, it can be inferred that, despite its multifaceted therapeutic applications, TC extract may exert toxic effects in mice.

Влияние уровня углеводов в рационах высокопродуктивных коров на молочную продуктивность

The influence of the level of readily available carbohydrates in the diets of cows of the Kholmogorsky breed on the production efficiency and qualitative characteristics of milk has been studied. A twofold increase in the sugar-protein ratio in diets at the height of lactation contributed to an increase in milk productivity by 4,6 %. There was a significant effect (P=0,95) of an increase in the level of carbohydrates on an increase in the protein content in milk by 0,14 abs. % and the content of dry skimmed milk residue by 0,128 abs. %. The dependence on the level of sugars in the diet of cows was determined, expressed in a positive correlation of the protein content in milk at the beginning and end of the experiment (r=0,54), and the content of sugars and dry skimmed milk residue (r=0,76). When cows consume an additional amount of readily available carbohydrates, the service period is reduced by 14,9 days. The biochemical analysis of blood revealed a more intensive course of metabolic processes. The level of alpha- and gamma-globulins responsible for the formation of immunity in animals of the experimental group increased by 0,74–0,79 % compared to the control group. During the experiment, there was a pronounced tendency to increase the concentration of glucose by 10,6 %, which indicates a positive energy balance in the body of experimental animals. The additional introduction of 741 g per day of readily available carbohydrates into the diet increases the biological value of milk, has a positive effect on economic indicators. The research results show the importance of balancing diets by the level of readily available carbohydrates in order to obtain high-grade dairy products.

A metabolism-based study of the mechanism of action of Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. on nephrogenic edema.

Nephrogenic edema (NE) is a type of edema with hypoproteinemia and water and sodium retention as a result of renal injury. Traditional Chinese medicine has proved that Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. has an effect on NE, but its mechanism is not clear. In this study, the main components and blood components of S. ningpoensis were identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Pathological section and blood biochemical analysis were used to estimate the therapeutic effect of S. ningpoensis on NE. Network pharmacology was used to predict the potential pathways of S. ningpoensis. The metabolomics method was used to study the changes in small-molecule metabolites in the body. The results showed that S. ningpoensis could relieve NE by regulating relative to renal function and body edema, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of energy metabolism, recovery of renal injury, and reduction in inflammation. The active component harpagoside may be one of the important compounds of S. ningpoensis in the treatment of NE. We confirmed that S. ningpoensis has a therapeutic effect on NE, which provides a solid scientific research basis for the clinical application of S. ningpoensis.

Injectable biocompatible nanocomposites of Prussian blue nanoparticles and bacterial cellulose as a safe and effective photothermal cancer therapy

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a novel cancer treatment using a photoabsorber to cause hyperthermia to kill tumors by laser irradiation. Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) are considered as next-generation photothermal agents due to the facile synthesis and excellent absorption of near-infrared light. Although PB NPs demonstrate remarkable PTT capabilities, their clinical application is limited due to their systemic toxicity. Bacterial cellulose (BC) has been applied to various bio-applications based on its unique properties and biocompatibility. Herein, we design composites with PB NPs and BC as an injectable, highly biocompatible PTT agent (IBC-PB composites). Injectable bacterial cellulose (IBC) is produced through the trituration of BC, with PB NPs synthesized on the IBC surface to prepare IBC-PB composites. IBC-PB composites show in vitro and in vivo photothermal therapeutic effects similar to those of PB NPs but with significantly greater biocompatibility. Specifically, in vitro therapeutic index of IBC-PB composites is 26.5-fold higher than that of PB NPs. Furthermore, unlike PB NPs, IBC-PB composites exhibit no overt toxicity in mice as assessed by blood biochemical analysis and histological images. Hence, it is worth pursuing further research and development of IBC-PB composites as they hold promise as safe and efficacious PTT agents for clinical application.Graphical

Association of occupational exposure to pesticides with overweight in farmers in Southern Brazil

IntroductionExposure to pesticides may be related to overweight and associated comorbidities. The aim of this work was to evaluate occupational exposure to pesticides, overweight and associated comorbidities among farmers in Southern Brazil.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included a random sample of 257 farmers, living in the municipality of Mafra and Planalto, southern Brazil. Data on pesticide use and overweight prevalence from farmers were collected using an in-person interview questionnaire, followed by blood collection and biochemical analyses.ResultsPesticide exposure was positively correlated with body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, triglycerides and glucose levels, presence of hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Besides that, the fact of being exposed to pesticides represents a decrease of no protein thiol groups. Furthermore, the main pesticides used by farmers have hepatic toxicity.ConclusionThese findings suggest that exposure to pesticides may be associated with overweight and associated comorbidities. Further studies are required to validate our findings and elucidate the specific mechanisms by which these pollutants contribute to the development of overweight.

Antibacterial and anti-corona virus (229E) activity of Nigella sativa oil combined with photodynamic therapy based on methylene blue in wound infection: in vitro and in vivo study

Microbial skin infections, antibiotic resistance, and poor wound healing are major problems, and new treatments are needed. Our study targeted solving this problem with Nigella sativa (NS) oil and photodynamic therapy based on methylene blue (MB-PDT). Antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined via agar well diffusion assay and broth microdilution, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) proved deformations in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry identified useful compounds that were suggested to be responsible for the potency of the oil. NS oil was tested as an antivirus against low pathogenic coronavirus (229E). Therapies examined, MB-PDT, NS, and MB-PDT + NS oil, to accelerate wound healing. The antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus was promising, with a MIC of 12.5% and TEM showing injured cells treated with NS oil. This oil inhibited 229E virus up to 42.85% and 32.14%. All tested therapies were successful in accelerating wound healing. The most successful was combined therapy (MB-PDT + NS oil), with a faster healing time. The combined therapy (MB-PDT + NS oil) reduced bacterial counts, which may be a key factor in accelerating wound healing. Skin wound histology was investigated; blood hematology and biochemical analysis did not change significantly after the safe combination treatment. A combination treatment could facilitate healing in a simple and inexpensive way in the future. Based on the results of the in vitro and in vivo studies, it was determined that NS oil had antibacterial and anti-corona virus activity when used in conjunction with photodynamic treatment based on methylene blue to treat wound infections.

Кристаллообразующая активность мочи и методы ее измерения.

ntroduction. Diagnosis and determination of treatment tactics in patients with urolithiasis are based on determining the causes of lithogenesis. At the moment, the standard of examination in patients at high risk of recurrence of urolithiasis is the detection of metabolic disorders based on the results of a biochemical analysis of blood and daily urine, as well as an assessment of the chemical composition of the urinary stone. The violations determined using this approach are a manifestation of the physico-chemical processes of stone formation, the assessment of which is currently practically not performed by urologists, due to the lack of simple diagnostic methods and tools. Materials and methods. The review was conducted on the basis of data published in PubMed databases (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) and Scientific Electronic Library еLibrary.ru (https://elibrary.ru/), and was limited only to articles in scientific peer-reviewed journals. The search was devoted to the study of the crystal-forming activity of urine, factors affecting the lithogenic properties of urine, as well as methods for assessing the risk of stone formation in the most common metabolic types of urolithiasis. We found 189 sources no older than 10 years (published after 2012) that were relevant to the topic of the review. Conference abstracts, short messages, duplicate publications wereexcluded from them. After that, based on the relevance of the data, reliability of sources, impact factors of journals and the sequence of presentation of the material in the manuscript, 41 articles were selected directly for citation in the review. Also, when writing the review, original articles published before 2012 were used. Results. The analyzed literature sources demonstrated a large number of methods for determining the crystallization properties of urine. However, none of them, in view of the complexity, as well as the ambiguity of the results obtained, have not been widely introduced into clinical practice. In view of this, it is required to develop a simple and informative method for diagnosing the crystal-forming properties of urine, which will increase the percentage of non-reactive urolithiasis. Conclusions. The methods available to doctors for determining the crystal-forming properties of urine are extremely laborious. The development of an easy-to-use and sufficiently accurate real-time determination of the crystallization and anti-crystallization properties of urine, will significantly improve the diagnosis, treatment and metaphylaxis of urolithiasis.

Anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant ability of HeShouWu (roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.) and its complex formula

Many studies have confirmed the effectiveness of herbal medicines or complex formulations in clinical therapy for metabolic diseases. This study investigated the effects of a HeShouWu decoction and its complex formula on blood lipids and antioxidant activity in hamsters with a high-cholesterol intake-induced hyperlipidemia model. The biological efficacy of HeShouWu and its complex formula were assessed by measuring body weight (BW), and fecal metabolites, conducting a blood biochemical analysis, and examining liver sections. Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) contents, and antioxidant activities in the liver and kidneys were measured. The results showed no inhibited growth after 10 weeks of treatment. However, significant decreases in blood and liver lipids (TC and TG) were detected in all treatment groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the antioxidant activities [glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total thiols] improved, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased significantly, which significantly reduced intracellular oxidative stress (OS). However, no significantly improved treatment effect was detected on fat accumulation in the liver sections. The added cholesterol intake in this study was continued daily by diet and stimulation, suggesting that patients should strictly consume a low-cholesterol diet in clinical therapy to minimize the load on the liver. This study demonstrated that the HeShouWu complex reduced blood and liver TC and TG levels satisfactorily. Improvements in the clinical use of the HeShouWu complex are expected to uncover safer, more effective, and economical Chinese herbal formulations for reducing blood lipids.

Study on the correlation and interaction between metals and dyslipidemia: a case-control study in Chinese community-dwelling elderly.

Previous studies on the association between metals and dyslipidemia are not completely consistent. There are few studies investigating the relationship between mixed metal exposure and dyslipidemia as well as the effects of metals on dyslipidemia in community-dwelling elderly. To evaluate the correlations and interaction effect between the urinary concentrations of metals and the risk of dyslipidemia in community-dwelling elderly. We designed a case-control study to assess the correlation between urine metals and dyslipidemia in elderly people in the Yinchuan. The urinary levels of 13 metals, including calcium, vanadium, iron, cobalt, zinc, copper, arsenic, selenium, molybdenum, cadmium, tellurium, and thallium, were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the blood biochemical analyzer was used to measure the blood lipid levels of 3384 senior individuals from four different areas of Yinchuan city. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to explore the correlation and dose-response relationship between urinary metals and the risk of dyslipidemia. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to select metals, and then weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was used to explore the weight of each metal in mixed metals. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was used to explore the interactions between metals on dyslipidemia risk. (1) After selection by LASSO regression, in the multi-metal model, compared with the lowest quartile, the adjusted ORs (95%CI) of the highest quartiles were 0.47 (0.37-0.60) for Fe, 1.43 (1.13-1.83) for Zn, 1.46 (1.11-1.92) for As, 0.59 (0.44-0.80) for Se, 1.53 (1.18-2.00) for Mo, and 1.36 (1.07-1.73) for Te. (2) In the WQS regression model, Fe and Mo accounted for the largest weight in the negative and positive effects of dyslipidemia, respectively. (3) In the BKMR model, there may be a positive interaction between Te and Se on dyslipidemia. Among the mixed metals, Fe, As, Se, Mo, and Te were associated with the prevalence of dyslipidemia, with Fe and Mo contributing the most. There may be certain interactions between Te and Se.

Effects of Rutin and Selenomethionine in Selenium-Enriched Tartary Buckwheat Roasted Grain Tea on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in db/db Mice

Rutin and selenomethionine in selenium-enriched Tartary buckwheat roasted grain tea have certain effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in type II diabetes mellitus, but the mechanism of intervention is still unclear. This study utilized selenium-enriched Tartary buckwheat tea, rutin, and selenomethionine as research materials, with db/db mice serving as the research subjects. Diabetes control (DC), positive control group (PC), rutin group (RC), selenomethionine group (SC), low dose selenium-enriched Tartary buckwheat tea group (TBG-L), medium dose group (TBG-M) and high dose group (TBG-H) were set up. The effects of selenium enriched Tartary buckwheat tea, rutin and selenomethionine on glucose and lipid metabolism in db/db mice were investigated by blood biochemical analysis, liver function and oxidative stress measurement, histopathology and glycogen determination and mRNA expression analysis. Selenium-enriched Tartary buckwheat tea and its active ingredients rutin and selenomethionine can reduce fasting blood glucose and glucose resistance in db/db mice. Dyslipidemia of db/db mice was improved to some extent. The changes of MDA, CAT, T-SOD and GSH-Px enzyme activities in liver also indicate that TBG can improve the oxidative stress of liver and exert liver protection activities. Selenium-enriched Tartary buckwheat tea, rutin and selenomethionine can mediate glycogen storage by increasing glycogen synthesis and inhibiting gluconeogenesis in the liver of diabetic db/db mice, and can effectively mediate the expression of related genes during gluconeogenesis. Among the selenium-enriched Tartary buckwheat groups, the effect of TBG-H group was the most obvious, which indirectly indicated that rutin and selenomethionine could play synergistic roles in gluconogenesis.

ЛЕЙКОЦИТАРНЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ВОСПАЛЕНИЯ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ОСТРЫМ ИНФАРКТОМ МИОКАРДА И САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ 2 ТИПА

Introduction. Acute myocardial infarction is accompanied by an intense inflammatory response. On the other hand, the severity of inflammation is a marker of the risk of poor prognosis. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is associated with the development of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Objective: To conduct a comparative analysis of leukocyte indicators of inflammation and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) with and without DM 2. Materials and methods. Inclusion criteria: men and women with STEMI with or without type 2 diabetes, age over 45 years, primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Exclusion criteria: cases of hospital mortality, acute heart failure according to Killip 3-4 at admission. The study included 30 patients with STEMI in combination with type 2 diabetes and 30 patients with STEMI without type 2 diabetes. The groups were matched by sex (15 men and 15 women in each group) and age (64.2 vs 63.8 years, p= 0.8049). In both groups, we compared leukocyte indicators of inflammation (the number of leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLO) and hsCRP before pcCI, as well as their dynamics on days 5–7 after pcCI. The study of the cellular composition of blood was performed on a hematological analyzer BC- 6800Plus, Mindray, China.HsCRP was determined by the method of biochemical analysis of blood on the analyzer BS-200, Mindray, China.Data are presented as mean (M) and standard deviation (SD).The distribution of variables was normal, therefore, to compare quantitative indicators in independent and in paired samples, Student's t-test was used, and Pearson's chi-square, 2 test was used to compare lesion locations in study groups. Results. Body mass index was higher in the STEMI group with type 2 diabetes (30.2 kg/m2 and 26.6 kg/m2, p = 0.001). Groups of patients with and without type 2 diabetes did not differ in the incidence of anterior STEMI (43.3% and 56.6%; p2 =0.302), left ventricular ejection fraction 46.4% and 47.3%, p=0.399) . In the study groups with STEMI and DM 2 and without DM 2, such indicators as leukocytes (14.66±2.07×109/l vs 10.19±1.08×109/l, p&lt;0.001) and (13, 92±1.73×109/L vs 9.81±1.77×109/L, p&lt;0.001), neutrophils (8.64±1.2×109/L vs 5.36±0.97×109 /l, p&lt;0.001) and (7.99±0.76×109/l vs 5.01±0.75×109/l, p&lt;0.001), UFO (5.34±1.34 vs 2, 92±0.81, p&lt;0.001) and (4.71±0.89 vs 2.75±0.96, p&lt;0.001) and hsCRP (27.97±6.87 mg/l vs 13.23± 3.57 mg/l, p&lt;0.001) and (29.86±5.91 mg/l vs 11.63±3.48 mg/l, p&lt;0.001) decreased statistically significantly on days 5–7 of treatment in both groups, respectively. Lymphocytes (1.68±0.33×109/L vs 1.92±0.42×109/L, p&lt;0.001) and (1.74±0.29×109/L vs 1.95±0, 45×109/l, p&lt;0.001) in dynamics significantly increased in both groups, respectively. An intergroup comparative analysis showed that the degree of change in UFO at admission (5.34±1.34 vs 4.71±0.89, p=0.038) was statistically greater in the group with STEMI and DM 2. HsCRP decreased over time to a greater extent in the group with STEMI without DM 2 (-14.74±5.33 mg/l vs -18.23±5.25 mg/l, p=0.013). Upon admission, neutrophils (8.64±1.20×109/L vs 7.99±0.76×109/L, p=0.015) and UFOs (5.34±1.34 vs 4.71±0.89 , p=0.038) was statistically higher in the STEMI group with DM 2 than in the STEMI group without DM 2, respectively. Conclusions: In both groups, all studied leukocyte indicators of inflammation, with the exception of monocytes, decreased by 5-7 days from the moment of admission. In patients with STEMI and type 2 DM, there was a significant increase in the level of neutrophils and UFO at admission and a slower dynamics of the decrease in hsCRP, compared with the group of patients with STEMI and without type 2 DM, which indicates a more pronounced inflammatory response associated with acute infarction in type 2 DM myocardium.