Blood Biochemical Markers Research Articles

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Bacillus subtilis natto on Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Immune Response, and Intestinal Microorganisms of Red Sea Bream, Pagrus major

This study investigated the influence of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis natto (BSN) on various physiological parameters in red sea bream (Pagrus major). Key areas of focus included growth performance, enzymatic activity related to digestion, blood biochemical markers, immune function, and intestinal microorganisms. Fish were fed diets containing the following five levels of BSN: 0 (BN0), 1 × 107 (BN1), 1 × 108 (BN2), 1 × 109 (BN3), and 1 × 1010 (BN4) CFU kg−1 for 56 days. Fish in the BN3 and BN4 groups exhibited significantly enhanced growth performance compared to the BN0 group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the activities of amylase and protease were markedly higher in the BN3 and BN4 groups (p < 0.05), while lipase activity was significantly elevated in fish fed the BN3 diet (p < 0.05). Plasma total protein levels also showed a significant increase in the BN3 group (p < 0.05). Hematocrit values were significantly improved in the BN2, BN3, and BN4 groups (p < 0.05). The intestinal microbiota of the BN4 group revealed a significant increase in the populations of B. subtilis and Lactobacillus, along with a notable decrease in Escherichia coli, compared to all other groups (p < 0.05). The observed improvements in specific growth rate and the upregulation of growth-related gene expression further highlight the potential of BSN to enhance the growth performance of red sea bream. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with BSN at 1 × 109 and 1 × 1010 CFU kg−1 shows promise in improving the growth, health, and immune response of red sea bream.

Effects of Formaldehyde-Treated Feed on Rumen Metabolism and Blood Biochemistry in Lambs: A Review

This review evaluates the impact of formaldehyde treatment on feed for lambs, focusing on its effects on rumen metabolism and blood biochemical indicators. Formaldehyde is commonly used as a feed additive to improve nutritional efficiency and preserve feed quality. This review synthesizes data from various studies to assess how formaldehyde-treated feed influences rumen fermentation parameters, including volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, rumen pH, and microbial activity. Additionally, the review examines the effects of formaldehyde treatment on key blood biochemical markers such as glucose, urea nitrogen, and liver enzymes. Studies indicate that formaldehyde treatment can enhance the stability and digestibility of feed, potentially improving nutrient utilization and overall animal performance. The preservation of protein and reduction in feed spoilage are highlighted as significant benefits, contributing to more consistent rumen function and metabolic efficiency. However, the impact on rumen microbial populations and VFA profiles shows mixed results, with some studies reporting improved microbial efficiency and others noting minimal changes. The review also discusses potential adverse effects, including alterations in blood biochemical parameters. While formaldehyde treatment generally maintains or improves key indicators like blood glucose and protein levels, excessive use may lead to concerns such as elevated urea nitrogen levels and potential liver enzyme disruptions, the review concludes that formaldehyde-treated feed can be a valuable tool in optimizing feed efficiency and lamb health, provided it is used judiciously. Future research is recommended to further elucidate the long-term effects on rumen microbiota and metabolic processes, ensuring balanced benefits without compromising animal welfare.

Bacterial Cellulose Membrane Experimentally Implanted in the Peritoneum of Wistar Rats—Inflammatory Immunoreactivity and Oxidative Stress

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has been used for various applications; however, studies investigating the immunohistochemical characteristics of the inflammatory and scarring component in BC implanted in the peritoneum in vivo have not yet been fully described. This study aimed to evaluate the systemic and organic safety of BC through oxidative stress, blood, and serum biochemical markers, as well as the late inflammatory response in rats, using histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Forty-three rats (26 males; 17 females) received BC in the peritoneal cavity (implanted group—IG), while twenty-seven rats (12 males; 15 females) served as the control (sham group—SG). Sixty days after surgery, oxidative stress in tissues, blood biochemical markers, and histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses for lymphocytes, macrophages, collagen, and vascular response around the BC were assessed. Only one oxidative stress marker, glutathione peroxidase, was elevated in the liver of IG rats. Creatine kinase MB and lactate dehydrogenase levels were significantly lower in IG animals. Histopathological analysis showed granulomatous inflammation in 93% of IG rats, with 74% of mild intensity. Immunohistochemistry revealed a significant macrophage presence (F4/80), with CD3, CD20, and F4/80 markers indicating differences favoring macrophages. In conclusion, BC implantation in the peritoneum induces a foreign body granulomatous response with prominent macrophage presence (F4/80). Type I and III collagen were observed around the membrane, and vascularization was intense 60 days post-implantation. From a biochemical and oxidative stress perspective, BC seems to be a safe material to be used in the peritoneal cavity.

Development and construction of a cataract risk prediction model based on biochemical indices: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2008

PurposeThe aim of this study is to develop and validate a novel multivariable prediction model capable of accurately estimating the probability of cataract development, utilizing parameters such as blood biochemical markers and age.DesignThis population-based cross-sectional study comprised 9,566 participants drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) across the 2005–2008 cycles.MethodsDemographic information and laboratory test results from the patients were collected and analyzed using LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression to accurately capture the influence of biochemical indicators on the outcomes. The SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) scale was employed to assess the importance of each clinical feature, excluding age. A multivariate logistic regression model was then developed and visualized as a nomogram. To assess the model’s performance, its discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, 10-fold cross-validation, Hosmer-Lemeshow calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA), respectively.ResultsLogistic regression analysis identified age, erythrocyte folate (nmol/L), blood glucose (mmol/L), and blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) as independent risk factors for cataract, and these variables were incorporated into a multivariate logistic regression-based nomogram for cataract risk prediction. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for cataract risk prediction was 0.917 (95% CI: 0.9067–0.9273) in the training cohort, and 0.9148 (95% CI: 0.8979–0.9316) in the validation cohort. The Hosmer-Lemeshow calibration curve demonstrated a good fit, indicating strong model calibration. Ten-fold cross-validation confirmed the logistic regression model’s robust predictive performance and stability during internal validation. Decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated that the nomogram prediction model provided greater clinical benefit for predicting cataract risk when the patient’s threshold probability ranged from 0.10 to 0.90.ConclusionThis study identified blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L), serum glucose (mmol/L), and erythrocyte folate (mmol/L) as significant risk factors for cataract. A risk prediction model was developed, demonstrating strong predictive accuracy and clinical utility, offering clinicians a reliable tool for early and effective diagnosis. Cataract development may be delayed by reducing levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum glucose, and erythrocyte folate through lifestyle improvements and dietary modifications.

Based on Sportomics: Comparison of Physiological Status of Collegiate Sprinters in Different Pre-Competition Preparation Periods.

This study aimed to assess the impact of pre-competition training by comparing the differences of collegiate sprinters in physiological state between strengthening and tapering training period by sportomics and combining their sport performance. Fifteen collegiate sprinters were investigated or tested on their body composition, dietary habits, energy expenditure, sleep efficiency, heart rate and respiratory rate during training, blood (blood cells, biochemical and immune markers) and urine (urinalysis), gut microbiome distribution, microbiome and blood metabolites, and their functions during the strengthening (Group A) and tapering training period (Group B) prior to competing in the national competitions. We found that 26.67% of sprinters achieved personal bests (PB) after the competition. The limb skeletal muscle mass and lymphocyte ratio of male sprinters in Group B were lower than those in Group A, and the serum creatine kinase (CK) level was higher than Group A (p < 0.05). The levels of serum CK, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and urine-specific gravity (SG) of the two groups were higher than the upper limit of the reference value. The detection rates of urine white blood cell (WBC) and protein in Group B were higher than those in Group A. The gut microbiome health index (GMHI) of Group A was higher than that of Group B, and the microbial dysbiosis index was lower than that of Group B. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) in Group A was higher than that in Group B. There were 65 differential metabolites in the A/B group, and the enriched pathway was mainly the NF-kappa B signaling pathway (up); B/T cell receptor signaling pathway (up); Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation (up); phenylalanine metabolism (up); and growth hormone synthesis, secretion, and action (up). There were significant differences in blood metabolites between the A and B groups, with a total of 89 differential metabolites, and the enriched pathway was mainly the NF-kappa B signaling pathway (up), T cell receptor signaling pathway (up), Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation (up), and glycerophospholipid metabolism (down). In conclusion, the imbalance of the gut microbiome and inflammation and immune-related metabolites of collegiate sprinters during the pre-competition tapering training period may be the cause of their limited sports performance.

Dietary Chlorella vulgaris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae enhanced the growth performance, blood biomarkers, and antioxidative capacity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Chlorella vulgaris (CV) has been investigated in aquaculture and shown as a potential functional feed additive. Therefore, this study tested the effects of dietary CV and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) on the growth performance, blood biomarkers, and antioxidative capacity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were allocated in four groups in triplicates, where each glass aquaria was stocked with 15 fish with 4.25±0.11 g/fish. Fish offered four test diets for 84 days: control (free from CV or/and SC), CV-supplemented diet (5 %), SC-supplemented diet (0.05 %; (10 × 109 CFU/g), and a mixture of CV and SC-supplemented diet (5 % CV+ 0.05 % SC), respectively. The results indicated that fish-fed CV or SC revealed enhanced growth performance (final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate) and protein efficiency ratio, while the feed conversion ratio was reduced compared to the control. Fish-fed dietary SC or CV and SC mixture revealed higher villi length than the control. Besides, villi width and muscular thickness enhanced significantly in carps-fed CV and SC compared to the control. Fish-fed dietary CV and/or SC revealed lower moisture content and higher crude protein and total lipids than the control. The results indicated that fish-fed CV or SC revealed higher serum total protein than the control. On the other hand, the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were markedly reduced in carps-fed dietary CV and/or SC compared to the control. The results indicated that fish-fed CV and/or SC revealed higher lysozyme activity, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase than the control. The superoxide dismutase of fish-fed CV or SC is higher than that of the control or CV and SC mixture. Additionally, the malondialdehyde levels (MDA) were markedly reduced in carp-fed dietary CV and/or SC compared to the control group. In conclusion, dietary C. vulgaris and/or S. cerevisiae can enhance growth performance and feed utilization in common carp. Besides, the biochemical blood markers and activated antioxidative capacity indicated that common carp fed C. vulgaris and/or S. cerevisiae revealed stable health status.

The Impact of Cardiovascular Disease Gene Polymorphism and Interaction with Homocysteine on Deep Vein Thrombosis.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) affects vascular health and can even threaten life; however, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and DVT share common risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, aging, etc. We aimed to investigate the loci of published CVD susceptibility genes and their association with environmental factors that might be related to DVT. Genotyping by Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP), collection of lifestyle information, and determination of blood biochemical markers were performed in 165 DVT cases and 164 controls. The impact of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and additional potential variables on DVT morbidity was evaluated using unconditional logistic regression (ULR). To explore the high-order interactions related to genetics and the body's internal environment exposure that affect DVT, ULR, crossover analysis, and multifactor dimensionality reduction/generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR/GMDR) were employed. Sensitivity analyses were performed using the EpiR package. The polymorphisms of FGB rs1800790 and PLAT rs2020918 were significantly associated with DVT. The optimum GMDR interaction model for gene-gene (G × G) consisted of THBD rs1042579, PLAT rs2020918, and PON1 rs662. The PLAT rs2020918 and MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphisms together eliminated the maximum entropy by the MDR method. The optimum GMDR interaction model for gene-environment (G × E) consisted of MTHFR rs1801133, FGB rs1800790, PLAT rs2020918, PON1 rs662, and total homocysteine (tHcy). Those with high tHcy levels and three risk genotypes significantly increased the DVT risk. In conclusion, certain CVD-related SNPs and their interactions with tHcy may contribute to DVT. These have implications for investigating DVT etiology and developing preventive treatment plans.

Multi-level Analysis of HbA1c in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Diabetic Patients.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D), a multifaceted metabolic disorder, may cause health tribulations and changes in biochemical blood markers. Other research has examined the relationships between several biomarkers and the risk of T2D. Few studies have examined the relationships between these biomarkers and potential changes to the network of biomarkers associated with diabetes. Glycated hemoglobin, or HbA1c, is used to evaluate and track the blood glucose history throughout the previous two to three months of testing. The ability to reflect the cumulative glycemic history of the previous two to three months makes HbA1c an essential biomarker of long-term glycemic control. HbA1c offers a trustworthy indicator of chronic hyperglycemia and strongly correlates with the likelihood of long-term consequences from diabetes. Additionally, elevated HbA1c has been recognized as a stand-alone risk factor for patients with and without diabetes developing coronary heart disease and stroke. One HbA1c test offers a wealth of information that makes it a reliable biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes. A clinical examination may be required to establish the connection between diabetes, prediabetes, biochemical blood indicators, age, and body mass index (BMI). We observed that diabetes, BMI, age, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, and HDL were all linked using multivariate analysis.

Effectiveness of seven oral traditional Chinese medicines against mild or moderate COVID-19: An updated systematic review and network meta-analysis

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. As a highly infectious epidemic, SARS-CoV-2 rapidly evolves. Presently, COVID-19 coexists with humans, mainly with mild or moderate disease. The latest Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 (trial version of the 10th Edition) recommend several oral traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) for treatment. This study aims to evaluate the evidence-based benefits of these TCMs as adjunctive therapies to conventional western medicine (CWM) for patients with mild or moderate COVID-19. MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, utilizing the PRISMA checklist. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, and Wan-Fang databases to retrieve randomized controlled trials and retrospective cohort studies of TCM in combination with CWM on the treatment of mild or moderate COVID-19 that were published as of December 25, 2023. A network meta-analysis using the frequency model was employed to evaluate the benefits of different interventions. ResultsA total of 30 eligible studies, enrolling 4144 participants, utilized 7 marketed oral TCMs in China. Compared with CWM alone, the integration of TCMs with CWM can significantly reduce severe conversion rate. This combined approach also enhances the clinical effective rate, shortens the negative conversion time of nucleic acid, and improves both symptoms and blood biochemical markers in patients. The network meta-analysis provided preliminary evidence of the superiority of specific TCMs for various outcomes: Qingfei Paidu for raising the CT improvement rate and clinical effective rate, and shortening the negative conversion time of nucleic acid; Huashi Baidu for reducing severe conversion and improving cough; Xuanfei Baidu for improving fatigue; Jinhua Qinggan for improving fever; Lianhua Qingwen for shortening the recovery time of fatigue and cough; and Shufeng Jiedu for shortening the recovery time of fever. ConclusionsTCM in combination with CWM may be beneficial for patients with mild or moderate COVID-19. Each TCM may have distinct benefits in COVID-19.

Influences of Bacillus pumilus SA388 as an environmentally friendly antibiotic alternative on growth performance, blood biochemistry, immunology, cecal microbiota, and meat quality in broiler chickens

The widespread use of antibiotics causes the development of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, which have a severe impact on poultry productivity and human health. As a result, research is continuing to develop safe natural antibiotic alternatives. In the current study, Bacillus pumilus SA388 was isolated from the chicken feces and confirmed to be a probiotic. The selected strain was tested for its antimutagenic and antioxidant capabilities before being employed as a probiotic food supplement and antibiotic alternative. The effect of B. pumilus SA388 impact on broiler chickens' growth performance, gut microbiome, blood biochemical markers, immunological response, and meat quality was also studied. B. pumilus SA388 showed significant bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Klebsiella pneumonia. A total of 200 chickens were used in the present study, divided equally among four experimental groups (ten birds per group with 5 replicates): group 1 (control, G1) received a basal diet without B. pumilus SA388, group 2 (G2) received a basal diet supplemented with 0.4 mg/kg of B. pumilus SA388, group 3 (G3) received a basal diet supplemented with 0.8 mg/kg of B. pumilus SA388, and group 4 (G4) received a basal diet supplemented with 1.6 mg/kg of B. pumilus SA388. Over 35 d, the B. pumilus SA388-supplemented groups outperformed the G1 in terms of body weight gain, performance index, and feed conversion ratio, with a preference for the G4 treatment. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing B. pumilus SA388 dosages compared to the control G1 group. Dietary supplementation of B. pumilus SA388 at 1.6 mg/kg (G4) significantly (P < 0.05) resulted in improved lipid profile, immunological response, thyroid function, and gut microbiota compared to the control group (G1). Compared to the broilers in the control treatment (G1), the addition of B. pumilus SA388 to broilers in G4 significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced juiciness, tenderness, aroma, and taste. Adding B. pumilus SA388 to chicken feed at different doses significantly (P < 0.05) decreased average feed intake while increasing economic and relative efficiency measures. In conclusion, B. pumilus SA388 has been proven to be an effective antibiotic and nutritional supplement.

Aloysia citrodora extract as a chemopreventive agent against HPV16-induced lesions: findings from K14-HPV16 mice

Aim: Aloysia citrodora has a long history of traditional use in treating various ailments. This study evaluated the in vivo chemopreventive efficacy and systemic toxicity of an extract of A. citrodora in a transgenic mouse model of HPV16 (human papillomavirus type 16)-induced cancer. Methods: The experiment involved six groups (n = 5): group 1 (G1, wild-type (WT), water), group 2 (G2, HPV, water), group 3 (G3, WT, 0.013 g/mL), group 4 (G4, HPV, 0.006 g/mL), group 5 (G5, HPV, 0.008 g/mL), and group 6 (G6, HPV, 0.013 g/mL). Throughout the assay, humane endpoints, body weight, food, and water consumption were recorded weekly. The internal organs and skin of the mice were collected for analysis after they were sacrificed. Toxicological parameters that were studied included hematological and biochemical blood markers, splenic and hepatic histology, and hepatic oxidative stress. Results: A. citrodora extract seems to reduce the incidence of dysplastic and in situ carcinoma skin lesions induced by HPV16 in this model, suggesting that dietary supplementation with concentrations of 0.008 g/mL and 0.013 g/mL may have beneficial chemopreventive effects. Conclusions: The extract did not induce any concentration-dependent toxicological effects on any of the parameters included in the study, indicating a favorable toxicological profile under these experimental conditions.

Assessing causal associations of blood counts and biochemical indicators with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a Mendelian randomization study and results from national health and nutrition examination survey 2003-2018.

Blood counts and biochemical markers are among the most common tests performed in hospitals and most readily accepted by patients, and are widely regarded as reliable biomarkers in the literature. The aim of this study was to assess the causal relationship between blood counts, biochemical indicators and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to assess the causal relationship between blood counts and biochemical indicators with PAH. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) for blood counts and biochemical indicators were obtained from the UK Biobank (UKBB), while the GWAS for PAH were sourced from the FinnGen Biobank. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the primary analysis method, supplemented by three sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the results. And we conducted an observational study using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2018 to verify the relationship. The MR analysis primarily using the IVW method revealed genetic variants of platelet count (OR=2.51, 95% CI 1.56-4.22, P<0.001), platelet crit(OR=1.87, 95% CI1.17-7.65, P=0.022), direct bilirubin (DBIL)(OR=1.71, 95%CI 1.18-2.47,P=0.004), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)(OR=0.51, 95% CI 0.27-0.96, P=0.038), Lipoprotein A (Lp(a))(OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.45-0.98, P=0.037) and total bilirubin (TBIL)(OR=0.51, 95% CI 0.27-0.96, P=0.038) were significantly associated with PAH. In NHANES, multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between platelet count and volume and the risk of PAH, and a significant negative correlation between total bilirubin and PAH. Our study reveals a causal relationship between blood counts, biochemical indicators and pulmonary arterial hypertension. These findings offer novel insights into the etiology and pathological mechanisms of PAH, and emphasizes the important value of these markers as potential targets for the prevention and treatment of PAH.

Comparative Studies on the Efficacy and Safety of Ainuovirine-Based Versus Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in the Management of Persons Living with HIV: A Real-World Study in Guizhou, China.

In China, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are integral to the antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen for persons living with HIV (PWH), comprising over 80% of such treatments. To broaden treatment options and improve therapeutic effectiveness, Ainuovirine (ANV), a new NNRTI, was authorized for ART in 2021. Nevertheless, the clinical efficacy of ANV and its impact on blood biochemical markers remain somewhat underexplored. This study seeks to evaluate ANV's clinical performance in ART and its influence on relevant treatment parameters. A retrospective analysis was performed on 208 patients treated with an ANV-based regimen from July 2021 to July 2023, monitoring indicator changes from baseline to week 24. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants achieving HIV-1 RNA levels of less than 50 copies/mL by week 24. Secondary endpoints involved assessing variations in CD4+ T cell counts and blood biochemical markers from baseline. These outcomes were also compared with data from 241 patients treated with an Efavirenz (EFV)-based regimen in the same time frame. The findings suggest that the ANV-based regimen is as effective as the EFV-based regimen in viral suppression (p > .05) and offers superior improvements in lipid profiles, liver function, and immune system indicators, alongside fewer adverse reactions. These results affirm ANV's efficacy and safety as an antiretroviral therapy option, offering Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome patients a wider array of treatment possibilities and the potential for better treatment outcomes.

Impact of thermal manipulation during embryogenesis on thermotolerance and semen quality of Mandarah roosters exposed to heat stress.

The management of incubation conditions impacts embryonic development, hatchability, and post-hatch performance. This study aimed to examine the effects of thermal manipulation (TM) during embryonic development on roosters' thermotolerance, antioxidant activity, immunity, and semen quality under heat-stress conditions. 1200 fertile eggs were distributed evenly between two groups, each containing three replicates (200 eggs/replicate). The first group (G1) was held in the commercial setter with a consistent temperature of 37.5°C and 55% relative humidity (RH) through the 18-day incubation period, acting as a control, while the second group (G2) experienced these conditions until only the 11th day. The eggs were incubated at 39.5°C with 60% RH for 4 h each day from the 12th to the 18th day. From the 19th to 22nd incubation days, both groups maintained a consistent temperature of 37.2°C with a RH of 70%. Two hundred hatched male chicks per treatment group were moved into a closed-system house. All roosters were exposed to a 6-h daily heat challenge with a temperature of 35°C and a humidity of 70% between their 36th and 40th weeks of age. Roosters of G2 exposed to thermal challenge showed improvements (p ≤ 0.05) in multiple blood biochemical, antioxidant, and immunity markers, including total protein, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, corticosterone, testosterone, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, and immunoglobulin A levels. Improved semen quality characteristics, including ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, motility, livability, and quality factor, as well as enhanced thermoregulation in post-hatch cocks, were also achieved (p ≤ 0.05). To boost antioxidant activity, immunity, thermotolerance, and semen parameters in roosters under heat-stress conditions, TM application during egg incubation, specifically at 12-18 days, is recommended.

P-Coumaric acid pronounced protective effect against potassium bromate-induced hepatic damage in Swiss albino mice.

Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is a common dietary additive, pharmaceutical ingredient, and significant by-product of water disinfection. p-coumaric acid (PCA) is a naturally occurring nutritional polyphenolic molecule with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The goal of the current investigation was to examine the protective effects of p-coumaric acid against the liver damage caused by KBrO3. The five groups of animals-control, KBrO3 (100 mg/kg bw), treatment with KBrO3 along with Silymarin (100 mg/kg bw), KBrO3, followed by PCA (100 mg/bw, and 200 mg/kg bw) were randomly assigned to the animals. Mice were slaughtered, and blood and liver tissues were taken for assessment of the serum biochemical analysis for markers of liver function (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and protein), lipid markers and antioxidant markers (TBARS), glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px], glutathione (GSH), and markers of hepatic oxidative stress (CAT), (SOD), as well as histological H&E stain, immunohistochemical stain iNOS, and COX-2 as markers of inflammatory cytokines. PCA protects against acute liver failure by preventing the augmentation of blood biochemical markers and lipid profiles. In mice liver tissues, KBrO3 increases lipid indicators and depletes antioxidants, leading to an increase in JNK, ERK, and p38 phosphorylation. Additionally, PCA inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced the histological alterations in KBrO3-induced hepatotoxicity. Notably, PCA effectively mitigated KBrO3-induced hepatic damage by obstructing the TNF-α/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory process signaling system. Additionally, in KBrO3-induced mice, PCA increased the intensities of hepatic glutathione (GSH), SOD, GSH-Px, catalase, and GSH activities. Collectively, we demonstrate the molecular evidence that PCA eliminated cellular inflammatory conditions, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and the TNF-α/NF-κB signaling process, thereby preventing KBrO3-induced hepatocyte damage.

T7 peptide-mediated co-delivery platform overcoming multidrug-resistant breast cancer: In vitro and in vivo evaluation

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpressed mutidrug resistance (MDR) is currently a key factor limiting the effectiveness of breast cancer chemotherapy. Systemic administration based on P-gp-associated mechanism leads to severe toxic side effects. Here, we designed a T7 peptide-modified mixed liposome (T7-MLP@DTX/SchB) that, by active targeting co-delivering chemotherapeutic agents and P-gp inhibitors, harnessed synergistic effects to improve the treatment of MDR breast cancer. This study established drug-resistant cell models and animal models. Subsequently, comprehensive evaluations involving cell uptake, cell apoptosis, cellular toxicity assays, in vivo tumor-targeting capability, and anti-tumor activity assays were conducted to assess the drug resistance reversal effects of T7-MLP@DTX/SchB. Additionally, a systematic assessment of the biosafety profile of T7-MLP@DTX/SchB was executed, including blood profiles, biochemical markers, and histopathological examination. It was found that this co-delivery strategy successfully exerted the synergistic effects, since there was a significant tumor growth inhibitory effect on multidrug-resistant breast cancer. Targeted modification with T7 peptide enhanced the therapeutic efficacy remarkably, while vastly ameliorating the biocompatibility compared to free drugs. The intriguing results supported the promising potential use of T7-MLP@DTX/SchB in overcoming MDR breast cancer treatment.

The cardiovascular toxicity of polystyrene microplastics in rats: based on untargeted metabolomics analysis.

Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) exhibit multi-target, multi-dimensional, chronic, and low toxicity to the cardiovascular system. They enter the bloodstream through the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system, altering blood parameters and conditions, inducing thrombotic diseases, and damaging myocardial tissue through the promotion of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in myocardial cells. However, many of the links and mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, 48 wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to different concentrations of PS-MPs: control group (0mg/kg/d), low dose group (0.5mg/kg/d), middle dose group (5mg/kg/d) and high dose group (50mg/kg/d), with 12 rats in each group. After 90 consecutive days of intragastric administration of PS-MPs, biochemical markers in myocardium, aorta and blood were detected, and HE staining was performed to observe the toxic effects of PS-mps on cardiovascular system. Furthermore, non-targeted metabolomics methods were used to analyze the effect of PS-MPs exposure on the metabolism of cardiovascular system in rats, and to explore its potential molecular mechanism. The results revealed no pathological changes in the heart and aorta following PS-MPs exposure. However, the myocardial enzyme levels in the high dose PS-MPs group of rats showed a significant increase. Moreover, exposure to polystyrene microplastics caused a disorder in lipid metabolism in rats, and led to an increase in indicators of inflammation and oxidative stress in myocardial and aortic tissues, but resulted in a decrease in the level of IL-6. Untargeted metabolomics results showed that metabolites with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, including equol and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, were significantly upregulated. These results suggest that long-term exposure to high concentrations of PS-MPs may lead to abnormal lipid metabolism and cardiovascular system damage. The mechanism may be related to oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Exogenous antioxidants and changes in own metabolites may have a protective effect on the injury. Therefore, understanding the toxicological mechanism of PS-MPs not only helps to elucidate its pathogenesis, but also provides new ideas for the treatment of chronic diseases.

Determination of reference ranges of blood biochemical markers for track and field athletes considering specialization and preparation period

Determination of reference ranges of blood biochemical markers for track and field athletes considering specialization and preparation period

Amide proton transfer weighted contrast has diagnostic capacity in detecting diabetic foot: an MRI-based case-control study.

To evaluate the role of foot muscle amide proton transfer weighted (APTw) contrast and tissue rest perfusion in quantifying diabetic foot (DF) infection and its correlation with blood parameters. With approval from an ethical review board, this study included 40 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with DF and 31 DM patients without DF or other lower extremity arterial disease. All subjects underwent MRI, which included foot sagittal APTw and coronal arterial spin labeling (ASL) imaging. The normalized MTRasym (3.5 ppm) and the ratio of blood flow (rBF) in rest status of the affected side lesions to the non-affected contralateral side were determined. The inter-group differences of these variables were evaluated. Furthermore, the association between normalized MTRasym (3.5 ppm), rBF, and blood parameters [fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin content, C-reactive protein, neutrophil percentage, and white blood cell count] was explored. Using an ROC curve, the diagnostic capacity of normalized MTRasym (3.5 ppm), BF, and blood biochemical markers in differentiating with or without DF in DM was assessed. In the DF group, MTRasym (3.5 ppm) and BF in lesion and normalized MTRasym (3.5 ppm) were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, correlations were identified between normalized MTRasym (3.5 ppm) and blood parameters, such as C-reactive protein, glycosylated hemoglobin content, FBG, neutrophil ratio, and white blood cell (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, association between BF in lesion and blood parameters, such as C-reactive protein, neutrophil percentage, and FBG (p < 0.01). AUC of normalized MTRasym (3.5 ppm) in identifying with/without DF in patients with DM is 0.986 (95% CI, 0.918-1.00) with the sensitivity of 97.22% and the specificity of 100%. Normalized MTRasym (3.5 ppm) and the BF in lesion may be treated as a safer and more convenient new indicator to evaluate the tissue infection without using a contrast agent, which may be useful in monitoring and preoperatively assessing DF patients with renal insufficiency.

Performance of ATT and UDFF in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver: An animal experiment

ObjectiveTo establish a Bama minipigs model with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) induced by a high-fat diet and investigate the application of attenuation coefficient (ATT) and ultrasound-derived fat fraction (UDFF) in the diagnosis of NAFL. MethodsSix-month-old male Bama minipigs were randomly divided into normal control and high-fat groups (n = 3 pigs per group), and fed with a control diet and high-fat diet for 32 weeks. Weight and body length were measured every four weeks, followed by quantitative ultrasound imaging (ATT and UDFF), blood biochemical markers, and liver biopsies on the same day. Using the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Activity Score (NAS) as a reference, we analyzed the correlation between ATT, UDFF, and their score results. ResultsCompared with the normal control group, the body weight, body mass index (BMI), and serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the High-fat group were significantly different at Week 12 (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the ATT value was significantly correlated with NAS score (r = 0.76, P < 0.001), and the UDFF value was significantly correlated with NAS score (r = 0.80, P < 0.001). The optimal cut-off value of ATT and UDFF were 0.59 dB/cm/MHz and 5.5%, respectively. These values are optimal for diagnosis of NAFL in Bama minipig model. ConclusionATT and UDFF have a high correlation with steatosis, and can be used as a non-invasive method for early screening of hepatic steatosis, which can dynamically monitor the change of disease course.