Blood Basophils Research Articles

Daphnetin exerts an anticancer effect by attenuating the pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Leukemia is a malignant tissue-forming disease, which induces the overproduction of large numbers of immature blood cells entering the peripheral blood. It is well documented that inflammation plays a crucial role in the expansion of leukemia. Daphnetin has confirmedanti-inflammatory effects against various diseases. In this experimental study, we evaluated the anti-leukemia and anti-inflammatory effect of daphnetin against benzene-induced leukemia in rats and exploredthe underlying mechanism. Benzene was used for inducing leukemia in experimental rats. The rats were divided into different groups and the body weight, hematological parameters, bone marrow cells, cytokines, and inflammatory mediators were estimated. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)was used for estimating the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1. Daphnetin-treated rats showed upregulationof body weight compared to other groups. Moreover, Daphnetin reduced blasts in leukemic rats. It also altered hematological parameters such as red blood cells, white blood cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, and basophils, respectively. Daphnetin-treated rats showed a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, and inflammatory mediators includingnuclear factor-κB. RT-PCR showed upregulated mRNA expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 of daphnetin-treated group rats compared to other groups. The current study showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of daphnetin against the benzene-induced leukemia via alteration of cytokines.

Clinical and hematologic presentations of adults with COVID-19 patients in Jeddah: A case control study

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The clinical features of COVID-19 were mentioned in previous studies. However, risk factors for COVID-19 are not fully recognized. The aim of this study is to characterize risk factors and clinical features of COVID-19 disease in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. MethodsA retrospective, chart-review, case-control study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and laboratory data on patients diagnosed between March 18 and May 18, 2020 were collected and analyzed. ResultsWe reviewed medical records on 297 suspected cases of COVID-19. Of these, 175 (59%) tested positive for COVID-19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and considered as cases, while 122 (41%) tested negative and considered as control. COVID-19 positive cases were more likely to be males, and non-health care providers. Hypertension (15%), diabetes (10%) and two or more concurrent comorbidities (54.4%) were more prevalent among COVID-19 patients. Patients presented with fever, cough, and loss of taste/smell were more likely to test positive for COVID-19 (P = 0.001, 0.008, 0.008; respectively). Radiological evidence of pneumonia was associated with confirmed COVID-19 disease (P = 0.001). Shortness of breath and gastrointestinal symptoms were not associated with the risk of COVID-19 at presentation. On admission, white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and platelets were significantly lower among COVID-19 patients compared with controls. Surprisingly, D-Dimer levels were lower among COVID-19 positive patients when compared with controls. ConclusionMale gender, hypertension, and diabetes are the most commonly observed risk factors associated with COVID-19 disease in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. COVID-19 patient had significantly lower lymphocyte and neutrophil counts.

IL-1β promotes immunoregulatory responses in human blood basophils.

Human basophils are essential effector cells of chronic allergic inflammation. IL-1 family cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-33 and IL-1β are elevated in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of allergic asthmatics. IL-33 is known to be a critical regulator of basophil's T2 immune responses. However, the effect of IL-1β on the function of basophils has not been well investigated. Here, we elucidate whether IL-1β regulates the function of human basophils and compared the effects of IL-1β and IL-33 on basophils of healthy and allergic subjects. We found that IL-1β activates the p38 MAPK signaling pathway and promotes IL-8 release in basophils of healthy donors, while FcεRI-mediated LCT4 and histamine secretion is not affected. Strikingly, in the presence of IL-3, IL-1β shows more potency than IL-33, as evidenced by the enhanced p38 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation, as well as the release of both IL-13 and IL-8. We found that the enhanced basophil responsiveness is achieved through IL-3-induced IL-1RI surface expression. Importantly, basophils of allergic donors release significantly higher amounts of IL-8 compared to those from healthy donors upon IL-33 and IL-1β stimulation. Consistently, we detected increased IL-1RI and decreased IL-3 receptor alpha-chain (CD123) and CCR3 expression on basophils of allergic subjects compared to healthy controls, suggesting an in vivo IL-3 priming in allergic donors. In summary, our results suggest enhanced sensitivity of basophils toward IL-33 and IL-1β in allergic subjects compared to those from healthy controls.

Response of peripheral blood basophils in subjects with chronic spontaneous urticaria during treatment with omalizumab

Treatment of patients with asthma or food allergy with omalizumab results in several consistent changes in circulating basophils. The multiple basophil phenotypes observed in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) present some unique attributes that may not respond in a similar fashion to patients with asthma or food allergy. As part of a clinical study on the therapeutic outcomes of omalizumab treatment in CSU, the basophil compartment was examined for changes in characteristics predicted by prior studies. This study sought to examine the changes in basophil function and its relationship to auto-antibodies in serum during treatment with omalizumab. At multiple time points before and during omalizumab treatment of patients with CSU, basophil surface IgE and FcεRI expression, cellular spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) expression, IgE-mediated histamine release (HR), and the presence of auto-antibodies in serum were determined. Three basophil phenotypes were enumerated in the clinical study and used to group results in this basophil study: subjects with (1) basopenia, (2) normal basophil numbers with normal IgE-mediated HR, and (3) normal basophil numbers with poor HR. Basopenia was highly associated with the presence of auto-antibodies to unoccupied FcεRI and basophil numbers did not change during treatment. Likewise, subjects who are basopenic showed no changes in SYK expression or HR during treatment. In basophils of subjects who are nonbasopenic, increases in SYK expression and HR showed the expected inverse relationship to starting SYK and HR levels. Treatment with omalizumab resulted in similar kinetics for decreases in surface FcεRI and IgE in all 3 groups. A unifying interpretation of the results revolves around the presence of auto-antibodies to FcεRI in CSU. If present, basopenia and an absence of changes in basophils during omalizumab treatment are observed. If auto-antibodies are absent, the changes in the basophil compartment are consistent with prior studies of asthma and food allergy. These group differences also are related to efficacy of the treatment for clinical outcomes, as found in the parent clinical study.

In-depth analysis of laboratory parameters reveals the interplay between sex, age, and systemic inflammation in individuals with COVID-19

BackgroundThe progression and severity of COVID-19 vary significantly in the population. While the hallmarks of SARS-CoV-2 and severe COVID-19 within routine laboratory parameters are emerging, the impact of sex and age on these profiles is still unknown. MethodsA multidimensional analysis was performed involving millions of records of laboratory parameters and diagnostic tests for 178 887 individuals from Brazil, of whom 33 266 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Analyzed data included those relating to complete blood cell count, electrolytes, metabolites, arterial blood gases, enzymes, hormones, cancer biomarkers, and others. FindingsCOVID-19 induced similar alterations in laboratory parameters in males and females. CRP and ferritin were increased, especially in older men with COVID-19, whereas abnormal liver function tests were common across several age groups, except for young women. Low peripheral blood basophils and eosinophils were more common in the elderly with COVID-19. Both male and female COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units displayed alterations in the coagulation system, and higher values for neutrophils, CRP, and lactate dehydrogenase. ConclusionsOur study uncovered the laboratory profiles of a large cohort of COVID-19 patients, which formed the basis of discrepancies influenced by aging and biological sex. These profiles directly linked COVID-19 disease presentation to an intricate interplay between sex, age, and immune activation.

Activated steady status and distinctive FcεRI-mediated responsiveness in basophils of atopic dermatitis

BackgroundAlthough basophils are considered to play an important role for maintenance of type 2 inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD), studies on basophils in AD patients are limited. Some studies have reported the activation status, including CD203c and CD63, of peripheral blood basophils in AD patients. MethodsWe examined the features of circulating basophils in AD patients, assessed cell surface marker expressions and total serum IgE, and compared basophil responsiveness to stimulation between AD patients and healthy controls (HCs). In addition, the correlations among AD severity, laboratory factors, and features of basophils were examined. Blood samples from 38 AD patients and 21 HCs were analyzed. Basophil response markers CD203c and CD63, and expression of surface-bound IgE and FcεRI on basophils were measured. CD203c and CD63 expressions induced by stimulation with anti-IgE and anti-FcεRI antibodies were measured. Clinical/laboratory factors including total serum IgE were examined for correlations with these basophil parameters. ResultsBaseline CD203c and CD63 expression on basophils were significantly higher in AD patients compared with HCs. The CD203c/CD63 response ratio to anti-FcεRI stimulation was higher than that to anti-IgE stimulation in AD patients, but not HCs. FcεRI expression on basophils was higher in AD patients than in HCs, although surface-bound IgE on basophils was equivalent. Total serum IgE had negative correlations with surface-bound IgE and CD63 responsiveness to anti-IgE stimulation. ConclusionsBasophils were spontaneously activated under steady-state conditions in AD patients and responsiveness to anti-IgE stimulation was lower than in HCs. Despite high serum IgE and high basophil FcεRI expression, surface-bound IgE on basophils remained relatively low. Basophils might be suppressed or exhausted regarding FcεRI signaling via IgE in severe AD.

Establishing Classifiers With Clinical Laboratory Indicators to Distinguish COVID-19 From Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Retrospective Cohort Study.

BackgroundThe initial symptoms of patients with COVID-19 are very much like those of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP); it is difficult to distinguish COVID-19 from CAP with clinical symptoms and imaging examination.ObjectiveThe objective of our study was to construct an effective model for the early identification of COVID-19 that would also distinguish it from CAP.MethodsThe clinical laboratory indicators (CLIs) of 61 COVID-19 patients and 60 CAP patients were analyzed retrospectively. Random combinations of various CLIs (ie, CLI combinations) were utilized to establish COVID-19 versus CAP classifiers with machine learning algorithms, including random forest classifier (RFC), logistic regression classifier, and gradient boosting classifier (GBC). The performance of the classifiers was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and recall rate in COVID-19 prediction using the test data set.ResultsThe classifiers that were constructed with three algorithms from 43 CLI combinations showed high performance (recall rate >0.9 and AUROC >0.85) in COVID-19 prediction for the test data set. Among the high-performance classifiers, several CLIs showed a high usage rate; these included procalcitonin (PCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), uric acid, albumin, albumin to globulin ratio (AGR), neutrophil count, red blood cell (RBC) count, monocyte count, basophil count, and white blood cell (WBC) count. They also had high feature importance except for basophil count. The feature combination (FC) of PCT, AGR, uric acid, WBC count, neutrophil count, basophil count, RBC count, and MCHC was the representative one among the nine FCs used to construct the classifiers with an AUROC equal to 1.0 when using the RFC or GBC algorithms. Replacing any CLI in these FCs would lead to a significant reduction in the performance of the classifiers that were built with them.ConclusionsThe classifiers constructed with only a few specific CLIs could efficiently distinguish COVID-19 from CAP, which could help clinicians perform early isolation and centralized management of COVID-19 patients.

High intake of vegetables is linked to lower white blood cell profile and the effect is mediated by the gut microbiome

BackgroundChronic inflammation, which can be modulated by diet, is linked to high white blood cell counts and correlates with higher cardiometabolic risk and risk of more severe infections, as in the case of COVID-19.MethodsHere, we assessed the association between white blood cell profile (lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes and total white blood cells) as markers of chronic inflammation, habitual diet and gut microbiome composition (determined by sequencing of the 16S RNA) in 986 healthy individuals from the PREDICT-1 nutritional intervention study. We then investigated whether the gut microbiome mediates part of the benefits of vegetable intake on lymphocyte counts.ResultsHigher levels of white blood cells, lymphocytes and basophils were all significantly correlated with lower habitual intake of vegetables, with vegetable intake explaining between 3.59 and 6.58% of variation in white blood cells after adjusting for covariates and multiple testing using false discovery rate (q < 0.1). No such association was seen with fruit intake. A mediation analysis found that 20.00% of the effect of vegetable intake on lymphocyte counts was mediated by one bacterial genus, Collinsella, known to increase with the intake of processed foods and previously associated with fatty liver disease. We further correlated white blood cells to other inflammatory markers including IL6 and GlycA, fasting and post-prandial glucose levels and found a significant relationship between inflammation and diet.ConclusionA habitual diet high in vegetables, but not fruits, is linked to a lower inflammatory profile for white blood cells, and a fifth of the effect is mediated by the genus Collinsella.Trial registrationThe ClinicalTrials.gov registration identifier is NCT03479866.

Upregulated Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 7 in Peripheral Blood Basophils of Patients With Allergic Rhinitis.

Recently, it has been reported that Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists can improve allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms by up-regulation of Th1 cytokine release and suppression of Th2 cell functions. However, little is known of the expression of TLR7 in basophils of AR. To explore the expression of TLR7 in basophils of AR, and influence of allergens on TLR7 expression. The expression levels of TLR7 in basophils of patients with AR were determined by flow cytometry, and the influence of allergens on TLR7 expression was examined by real time (q) PCR. The percentages of TLR7+CCR3+ cells (P < 0.001 and P = 0.011), TLR7+CD123+HLA-DR- cells (P = 0 .016 and P = 0.042) and TLR7+CCR3+CD123+HLA-DR- cells (P = 0.046 and P = 0.035) in blood granulocyte and mononucleated cell populations of the patients with AR were increased, respectively compared with HC subjects. TLR7 MFI on CCR3+ cells (P = 0.050 and P = 0.043), CD123+HLA-DR- cells (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002) and CCR3+CD123+HLA-DR- cells (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003) were enhanced compared with HC subjects. Allergens Der p1 and OVA provoked upregulation of TLR7 expression at both protein and mRNA levels and IL-13 production in KU812 cells. House Dust Mite extract (HDME), Artemisia sieversiana wild allergen extract (ASWE), IL-31, IL-33, IL-37, and TSLP provoked elevation of IL-6 release from KU812 cells following 2 h incubation period. The percentage of TLR7+ basophils and TLR7 expression intensity in a single basophil are both increased in the blood of patients with AR, indicating that basophils likely contribute to the pathogenesis of AR via TLR7.

The Effect of Benralizumab On Allergen-Induced Responses In Subjects With Mild Allergic Asthma

Eosinophils and basophils have been hypothesized to contribute to the allergen-induced late asthmatic response (LAR). Treatment with benralizumab, an anti-IL-5Ra, afucosylated, monoclonal antibody, results in near complete depletion of blood, sputum and tissue eosinophils and a reduction in blood basophils. We hypothesized that depletion of eosinophils and basophils with benralizumab would attenuate the allergen-induced LAR.

Correlations between disease activity, autoimmunity and biological parameters in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Background. Biomarkers of disease activity/severity and criteria of autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) are still a matter of debate. Objective. To investigate possible correlations between clinical and biological markers and their associations with: 1) disease activity, 2) resistance to H1-antihistamines, 3) autoimmunity and 4) autologous serum skin test (ASST) in patients with CSU. To also analyze biological parameter modifications in patients with CSU treated with omalizumab. Materials and methods. Disease activity, H1-antihistamines response and presence of concomitant autoimmune disease were prospectively recorded in 95 patients with CSU. For 60 of them, ASST was performed. Broad biological analysis were performed. Results. C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels were higher in H1-antihistamines unresponders (p less-than 0.0001) and in more active diseases (p = 0.033). D-dimer plasma levels were higher in H1-antihistamines unresponders (p = 0.008) and in patients with autoimmune status (concomitant autoimmune disease and/or with autoantibodies) (p = 0.016). Total immunoglobuline E (IgE) serum level was lower in patients with positive ASST. Blood basophil counts were lower in patients with CSU and especially in H1-antihistamines unresponders (p = 0.023), in patients with more active disease (p = 0.023), with positive ASST (p = 0.001), and with autoimmune status (p = 0.057). Conversely, under omalizumab, a decrease of CRP (p = 0.0038) and D-dimer serum/plasma levels (p = 0.0002) and an increase of blood basophil counts (p = 0.0023) and total IgE serum levels (p = 0.0007) were observed. Conclusions. This study brings additional evidences of interest to investigate IgE, D-dimer serum/plasma levels and basophil blood counts in patients with CSU as they could be correlated to disease activity, response to treatment and/or autoimmunity.

Therapeutic Effects of Benralizumab Assessed in Patients with Severe Eosinophilic Asthma: Real-Life Evaluation Correlated with Allergic and Non-Allergic Phenotype Expression.

BackgroundBenralizumab can be utilized as add-on biological treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma. However, so far only a few real-life studies have been published with regard to the use of this anti-IL-5 receptor humanized monoclonal antibody.ObjectiveThe primary aim of this multicenter observational investigation has been to assess the therapeutic effects of benralizumab in patients with severe uncontrolled, corticosteroid refractory eosinophilic asthma. The secondary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of benralizumab with regard to positive or negative skin prick test (SPT).MethodsClinical, functional, and laboratory parameters were evaluated in order to verify the therapeutic actions of benralizumab in atopic and non atopic subjects with difficult-to-treat eosinophilic asthma. Moreover, a comparative evaluation was carried out in relation to the presence or absence of SPT positivity.ResultsAfter 6 months of add-on biological therapy with benralizumab, our 111 patients experienced a marked improvement of their severe eosinophilic asthma, expressed by significant changes in asthma exacerbation rate, prednisone intake, daily use of short-acting β2-adrenergic agonists (SABA), asthma control test (ACT) score, asthma quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ) score (56 patients), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), blood eosinophil count, blood basophil count (59 patients), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels (39 patients). In addition, significantly more effective outcomes were detected in patients with positive SPT, when compared to subjects with negative SPT, only in regard to asthma exacerbation number, ACT score, and daily SABA utilization. No significant correlation was found between serum IgE concentrations and each of all measured parameters.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceTaken together, the results of this real-world study indicate that in both allergic and non-allergic subjects benralizumab can be used as a valuable pharmacotherapeutic option for add-on biological therapy of severe eosinophilic asthma, regardless of SPT positivity or negativity.

Вивчення сенсибілізуючої дії мийних засобів, призначених для догляду за посудом та іншими виробами для дітей

Objective: We evaluated the sensitizing effect of various detergents intended for the care of dishes and other products for children. Materials and methods: The study was carried out in guinea pigs. The sensitization of the animal’s organism was studied in the reaction of degranulation of peripheral blood basophils (after Shelley). Forthestudy, we selected 10% solutions of domestic and foreign products for washing children's dishes ("Alionka", "Karapuz", "Ushastyi Nian", "Frosch Baby") purchased in the supermarkets of Kyiv. Results: In 21 days, the performed study made it possible to establish the development of sensitization of the organism of the animals in the experimental groups exposed to the solutions of the detergents "Alionka", "Karapuz", "Ushasty Nian” for washing children's dishes, although the degree of its manifestation was different. The solution of the detergent "Ushastyi Nian" was shown to possess more pronounced sensitizing properties, as evidenced by the development of weak positive autosensitization and positive sensitization of the organism of the experimental animals. The impact of the detergents for cleaning children's products "Alionka" and "Karapuz"on the animals’ organism leads to the development of mild sensitization, and when using the solution of "Alionka" detergent, a development of the weakly expressed autosensitization of the organism is also observed in the animals. There was no increase in the degranulation of basophilic granulocytes in the presence of both tissue antigen and hapten in the group of animals where the solution of detergent "Frosh Baby" was used, which indicated the absence of auto- and sensitization of the organism of the animals of this group.

Clinical Differences between Early- and Late-Onset Asthma: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Limited information exists about the nature of late-onset asthma (LOA) without medication intervention when compared to early-onset asthma (EOA). Our goal was to understand how EOA and LOA affect clinical and pathophysiological features. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Zhongshan Hospital (Shanghai, China). EOA and LOA were based on age of diagnosis (before and after age 40 years, respectively). Clinical variables were collected with an emphasis on allergic features, analyzed, related, and compared using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test. Correlations between blood basophils and clinical data were evaluated by Spearman's rank test. Statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS v24.0. Results Of a total of 12,760 adults with cough, sputum, or chest tightness, 90 subjects with EOA (mean age ± standard deviation (SD):28.73 ± 5.89), 111 with LOA (mean age ± SD: 60.25 ± 9.85), and 106 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (mean age ± SD: 61.58 ± 10.95) were selected. FEV1/FVC (%), FEV1% predicted, and FVC% predicted were all significantly lower in LOA compared to EOA (p < 0.01). The values of post-bronchodilator FEV1 in bronchodilator reversibility testing were higher in the LOA and EOA groups compared to subjects with COPD (p < 0.01). Among allergic features, mite sensitization was most common in EOA patients, followed by LOA and COPD, whereas mold sensitization was more prevalent in LOA than EOA. Moreover, blood eosinophils were a typical feature of asthma in both EOA and LOA compared to COPD and controls (p < 0.01), and there were no differences in blood neutrophils in LOA compared to controls. Interestingly, blood basophils were increased in both EOA (p < 0.01) and LOA (p < 0.05) compared to COPD and controls. This variable correlated with eosinophils in EOA (r = 0.549, p=0.002) but not in LOA. Conclusion LOA is a distinct clinical entity from EOA. In LOA, atopy was less frequent and spirometry values were lower when compared to EOA. In EOA, blood basophils and eosinophils were significantly correlated owing to pathophysiological differences between the two forms of the disease.

Haematological and protein profile of goat rodeo in extensive productions of different regions in the province of Salta, Argentina

ABSTRACT The proposal of this study was to determine the haematological and protein parameters of goats raised extensively in three regions of different orography and climate in the province of Salta. Haematological parameters were determined: haematocrit (Hct), red blood cell (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), heamoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte (L), neutrophil (N), eosinophil (E), basophil (B) and monocyte (M), and serological parameters: proteins, albumin and A/G ratio. Blood samples were taken by the jugular puncture from 61 animals of the mountain range region, 253 from the region of the valleys and Sub-Andean Mountain and 299 from the Chaco region. In general, the values obtained are within the reference parameters of the goat species. The study of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed there was a significant effect of altitude on the following parameters: Hct, Hg, being higher in the animals from the mountain range environment. The values determined contribute to the knowledge of the reference range of haematological and protein values for goat raised in Salta, and can be used as health control.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LEUKOCYTES COUNT AND THE SEVERITY OF COVID-19 INFECTION

The aim: To find an association of COVID-19 on different types of leukocytes either count increasing or decreasing. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study conducted from October /2020 to January /2021. Eighty patients out of 170 were enrolled in this study, who were attended a private clinic for clinical investigation and a private laboratory for laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 who were divided into two groups, asymptomatic or mild (group 1), and moderate or severe (group 2). Five milliliter of blood samples were collected from patients with COVD-19 by venipuncture using a syringe for evaluation of different cells. Results: The current study revealed a significant difference in white blood cells count, neutrophils count, monocytes count, basophils count, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte to monocyte ratio between group 1 and group 2. While lymphocytes, and eosinophil showed no significant difference. Conclusion: The current study concluded that COVID-19 may affect the count of some leukocytes in patient with severe infection.

Evaluation of hematological inflammatory markers in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

This study aims to investigate whether there is a relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and inflammation, using hematologic inflammatory parameters in a large sample of children and adolescents. This retrospective study comprises 347 children and adolescents with ADHD between 6 and 17 years of age who met the inclusion criteria as well as 205 healthy children and adolescents in the control group. Serum parameters such as white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, monocyte, eosinophil and basophil counts, mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) were recorded from complete blood count tests at the time of admission, while neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and other ratios were calculated based on these counts. NLR, PLR, MPV, PDW, WBC and neutrophil counts were significantly higher in children and adolescents with ADHD than in the control group. In the ADHD group, NLR, WBC and neutrophil counts were significantly higher in girls than in boys. The results of this study support the hypothesis that inflammation plays an important role in the complex pathophysiology of ADHD. In addition, our data confirm that easily obtainable and reliable hematological parameters can be used when investigating the role of inflammation in ADHD etiology (Tab. 4, Ref. 44).

126 Effect of astaxanthin supplementation on invitro embryo development and immune response of dairy cows

Astaxanthin is a carotenoid antioxidant reported to have beneficial effects on animals, including immune response and reproductive function. This study aimed to determine the effect of daily supplementation of dairy cows with astaxanthin on leukocyte population and oocyte developmental potential in summer. Lactating Holstein cows (n=45) from a compost barn in Paraná, Brazil, received 0 (control), 0.25 (low AST), or 0.5 (high AST) mg/kg per day of astaxanthin for 75 days in the summer (January to March 2020). Groups were homogeneous according to parity, days in milk, and milk yield. Blood cell count (white blood cells, lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, basophil, and eosinophil) was performed on sodium citrate-treated blood samples collected every 14 days. Ovum pickup (OPU) was then conducted three times at a 20-day interval and oocytes underwent IVF to assess their developmental competence. Data were tested for normality of residues (Shapiro-Wilk test) and homogeneity of variances (F max test), and square root-transformed when premises for ANOVA were not met. One-way ANOVA (embryo development data; effect of astaxanthin) or two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (oocyte quality, and leukogram data; effect of astaxanthin, time, and interaction) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test were performed using GraphPad Prism vs.7.0 (GraphPad Inc.). During the experimental period, animals were exposed to an average air temperature of 29.40±0.20°C and relative humidity of 58.00±0.80%. Physiological parameters were as follows: heart rate of 53.55±0.34 beats/min, respiratory rate of 48.39±0.31 breaths/min, body surface temperature of 32.83±0.11°C, and rectal temperature of 38.77±0.02°C. A higher white blood cell count was observed for the low AST group compared with control (P=0.0203) and high AST (P=0.0107) groups after 56 days of supplementation. For lymphocyte quantification, an effect of astaxanthin (P=0.0440) and astaxanthin×time of supplementation interaction (P=0.0239) were observed. The lower dose of astaxanthin caused an increase in lymphocyte number, which could be detected after 42 days of astaxanthin supplementation (P ≤ 0.05). No significant differences were detected for other leukocyte types. No effect of astaxanthin was observed on total number of oocytes recovered per cow except for the first OPU, in which more oocytes were retrieved from cows supplemented with 0.5 mg/kg per day of astaxanthin (9.92±1.95) compared with control (3.58±0.73; P=0.0179) and low AST (4.23±1.18; P=0.0358) groups. In addition, more viable oocytes (grades 1, 2, or 3 according to cytoplasm homogeneity and cumulus cells layers) were obtained from animals supplemented with 0.5 mg/kg per day of astaxanthin (3.17±0.39) compared with control (1.67±0.31; P=0.0050) and low AST (1.56±0.26; P=0.0022) groups. Interestingly, no differences were observed for invitro developmental potential among groups. These data suggest that a low dose of astaxanthin can affect lymphocyte mobilization, whereas a higher dose is required to improve the number of morphologically viable oocytes obtained by OPU from Holstein cows during summer.

Monocytes to high-density lipoproteins ratio as an indicator of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with various conditions of the gallbladder

Introduction. The monocytes to high-density lipoproteins ratio (M/HDL) is known as an integral indicator of inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid accumulation, which allows its use in the assessment and prediction of a number of diseases. Purpose: to determine the clinical significance of M/HDL according to the literature and to establish its changes and correlations. Materials and methods. We made a literature search in the Pubmed database and domestic sources, and analyzed data of 1190 outpatients with various diagnoses and 116 inpatients with unstable angina (UA). Digital data were statistically processed with Statistica 6.0. Results and discussion. Elevated M/HDL is associated with the development of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting, hospital mortality, and all-cause mortality. M/HDL can be a criterion of inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as a predictor of the severity of coronary heart disease and the risk of cardiovascular events. According to own data, in 1190 outpatients the average level of M/HDL was 6.50 ± 0.21. The increase in the M/HDL ratio occurred in parallel with an increase in the number of blood basophils, the development of intrahepatic cholestasis, increased endogenous intoxication, decreased total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose, and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction. In patients with UA M/HDL averaged 5.41 ± 0.40. An increase in the M/HDL ratio was associated with male gender, a decrease in total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose, and lower integrative hematologic markers of immune reactivity. The M/HDL was maximal in patients with bent gallbladder body, which was accompanied by the elevated values of very low density lipoproteins cholesterol (0.80 ± 0.10 mmol/l), triglycerides (1.76 ± 0.21 mmol/l), both Castelli indices and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. An inverse correlation of M/HDL with left ventricular ejection fraction was found in patients with intact gallbladder. Conclusions. 1. M/HDL is a valuable marker of atherosclerosis and inflammation. 2. M/HDL was maximal in patients with bent gallbladder body, which was accompanied by dyslipidemia. 3. The inverse correlation of M/HDL with left ventricle ejection fraction in case of intact gallbladder and direct correlation with the aorta diameter in patients with cholecystitis confirm the association of the increase of this ratio with the unfavorable course of cardiovascular diseases. 4. In patients with UA and intact gallbladder or cholelithiasis M/HDL correlated with the nuclear index of intoxication.

Treatment with Anti-IL5 (Mepolizumab) Restores Eosinophil&amp;nbsp; Kinetics in Blood and Sputum in Patients with Eosinophilic Asthma

Background: Mepolizumab (anti-IL-5) is a successful biological for treatment of moderate-to-severe T2 eosinophil asthma. However, nothing is known regarding the effect of this treatment on the kinetics of eosinophils and basophils and their progenitors in situ. Therefore, these kinetics were determined by stable isotope labelling in blood and sputum of patients with moderate to severe eosinophilic asthma. Methods: Cellular kinetics were determined by pulse-chase labelling with 6,6- 2 H 2 -glucose of patients with moderate to severe eosinophilic asthma who were treated short term (4 days) and long term (84 days) with mepolizumab (n=10) or placebo (n=10). 2 H-enrichment in DNA of eosinophils and basophils was determined by GC-MS. Results: Treatment with mepolizumab induced a fast eosinopenia in peripheral blood associated with no effect on CD34+ eosinophil progenitors. In contrast, the loss of DNA enrichment in blood eosinophils was significantly delayed (p<0.001) in the short-term treated group compared to placebo, whereas no such effect on kinetics was measured in the long-term treated group. Loss of label in sputum eosinophils was faster in both mepolizumab treated groups. In contrast, kinetics of blood basophils was not affected by treatment with mepolizumab. Conclusions: Our data fit with the hypothesis that IL-5 increases the number of IL-5 responsive progenitors leading to reactive eosinophilia in blood and tissues without affecting differentiation of eosinophils in the bone marrow per se . The quick eosinopenia and delayed kinetics induced by short-treatment with mepolizumab imply that IL-5 controls the exchange of eosinophils to and from the tissues. Long-term treatment with mepolizumab restores the kinetics as normally found in homeostasis.