Blood Antioxidant System Research Articles

Blood pressure lowering effect of Ficus deltoidea var kunstleri in spontaneously hypertensive rats: possible involvement of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial function and anti-oxidant system.

This study investigated the effects of a standardised ethanol and water extract of Ficus deltoidea var. Kunstleri (FDK) on blood pressure, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), endothelial function and antioxidant system in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Seven groups of male SHR were administered orally in volumes of 0.5mL of either FDK at doses of 500, 800, 1000 and 1300mgkg- 1, or captopril at 50mgkg- 1 or losartan at 10mgkg- 1 body weight once daily for 4weeks or 0.5mL distilled water. Body weight, systolic blood pressures (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured every week. 24-hour urine samples were collected at weeks 0 and 4 for electrolyte analysis. At week 4, sera from rats in the control and 1000mgkg- 1 of FDK treated groups were analyzed for electrolytes and components of RAAS, endothelial function and anti-oxidant capacity. SBP at week 4 was significantly lower in all treatment groups, including captopril and losartan, when compared to that of the controls. Compared to the controls, ACE activity and concentrations of angiotensin I, angiotensin II and aldosterone were lower whereas concentrations of angiotensinogen and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 were higher in FDK treated rats. Concentration of eNOS and total anti-oxidant capacity were higher in FDK treated rats. Urine calcium excretion was higher in FDK treated rats. In conclusion, it appears that ethanol and water extract of FDK decreases blood pressure in SHR, which might involve mechanisms that include RAAS, anti-oxidant and endothelial system.

BMI 수준에 의한 8주간 유산소성 운동이 신체구성과 심폐계 변인 그리고 항산화 체계에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week aerobic exercise on body composition, cardiovascular and blood antioxidant systems on BMI(Body Mass Index) in male college students. Forty-one male without any medical problems were randomly assigned to aerobic exercise group. BMI was assessed before participation in aerobic exercise program. Each variables were collected to identify the body composition, cardiovascular and antioxidant systems. Results of this study was as follows; body weight was significantly increased in BMI≥25 group and decreased in BMI〈25 group. %body fat was showed significantly to different in BMI≥25 group. Diastole blood pressure and systole blood pressure was significantly showed in BMI≥25 group, respectively. maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) was showed significantly to different in BMI≥25 and BMI〈25 group. also, blood biological antioxidant potential(BAP) was showed significantly in BMI〈25 group and the derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites(d-ROM) in BMI≥25 group, respectively. In conclusion, it found that aerobic exercise was effective in improving body composition, and cardiovascular system as well as antioxidant activity, and especially effective in the reduction of reactive oxygen species.

THE STATE OF ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM OF BLOOD IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM PSYCHOSTIMULANTS AND OPIOIDS ADDICTION SYNDROME

Aim. This study was designed to perform the comparative evaluation of functioning of antioxidant system of blood in patients 137 Kubanskij nauchnyj medicinskij vestnik 2018; 25 (5) suffering from psychostimulants and opioids addiction syndrome.Materials and methods. The study was performed using biological material of 52 patients divided into 3 groups. Patients who were considered to be conditionally healthy were included in the 1st (control) group. The 2nd group was presented by the patients suffering from opioids addiction syndrome, the 3rd group included patients suffering from psychostimulants addiction syndrome. Some parameters of the thiol metabolism and general antioxidant activity were identified in the blood plasma of patients as well as the level of products of oxidative modifications of biomolecules and the activity of enzymes of antioxidant protection in the erythrocytes.Results. In the course of the performed studies it was revealed that the decreased antioxidant activity of the blood plasma by 28-40% was characteristic for the examined patients as well as the imbalance of enzymes of the antiradical protection of erythrocytes and the high intensity of oxidative modifications of biomolecules characterized by the increase in the thiobarbituric value by 2,4-3 times. The activity of superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes of patients of both test groups decreased by 35-43%, while the catalase activity increased by 15-21% in comparison with the relevant indices of the control group. The presence of such changes in the functioning of enzymes of the antioxidant protection can indirectly prove the presence of hypoxia in the examined patients. Besides, the increase in the content of easily-accessible thiol groups by 2,6-2,8 times and the decrease in the content of SH-groups difficult for access by 2,5-3,2 times was noted in patients suffering from the drug addiction. The reconstruction of the balance of various types of thiol groups can be associated with the confirmatory reconstruction of protein molecules induced by the oxidative modifications and combining of toxins.Conclusion. The study in prooxidant-antioxidant status revealed the common traits in the disease pattern in patients suffering from various types of drug addiction. The received data allow us to discuss the perspectives of the criteria search for the laboratory biochemical monitoring of the patients with drug addiction and the possibilities of the antioxidant correction of metabolic disorders as a component of the complex therapy for such patients.

Ozone Therapy in Patients with Burn Disease

Objectives. Using of systemic ozone therapy connecting with antioxidants in early period of burn disease for detoxication and metabolic disorders correction is investigated. Materials and Methods. We used active preventive metabolic detoxication in early period of burn disease (5th - 15th days after shock stage). It includes, besides complex infusion and transfusion therapy and classic pharmacological treatment, employment of antioxidants with succinic acid (reamberin, mexidol), systemic ozone therapy (intravenous injections of ozonated sodium chloride solution with ozone concentration 120 - 240 μg/mL; saturating ozone concentration in gas flow—5000 μg/L, sparging speed—2 l/min), major autohemotherapy (twice a week; ozone dose—250 - 300 μg/mL) and monitor cleansing of bowels with rectal ozone insufflations (ozone dose—1000 μg/mL). Estimation of personal oxidant dose and treatment effectiveness is carried out by biochemiluminescence control of pro- and antioxidant system state. Complex patient study also includes endotoxicosis markers (blood level of glucose, creatinine, bilirubin, urea and intermediate molecular weight peptides), proteolytic enzymes activity (tripsin, antitripsin, elastase), cardiovascular and microcirculation function examination (tetrapolar rheography, spirography, laser Doppler flowmetry) at burn disease dynamics. We formed two patients groups: first control group (20 burned patients) received a traditional therapy; second group (20 burned patients) got a described detoxication complex additional to treatment of first group. All patients had large burns (more than 20% body square). Indications for parenteral ozone therapy are signs of hypoxia (hypoxemia, elevated lactate level, depressed lactate dehydrogenase activity) and toxemia (increased blood level of glucose, creatinine, urea, intermediate molecular weight peptides, fibrine degradation products, lypoperoxidation intensification); cardiovascular dysfunction; respiratory function disorders. Results. Method of ozone dose individualization in intravenous ozone therapy and pharmacological treatment as oxidation stress correction is shown. This method is based on biochemiluminescence detection of patient blood antioxidant system reaction in ozonization in vitro. It is important that first stage of method is pro- and antioxidant potential estimation. Conclusions. It was shown that this algorithm use determines fully correction of oxygen homeostasis disorders and endotoxicosis. It optimizes results of complex treatment of burned patients.

Regulation of the oxidative processes as a possible mechanism of iron nanoparticles antitumor action.

e23160 Background: It has been shown that metal nanoparticles (NPs) can inhibit a tumor growth. Oxidative processes play important roles in tumor development and growth. The aim of this study was to determine parameters of oxidative stress in the blood of tumor-bearing animals depending on the antitumor effect of iron NPs (30-50 nm). Methods: Male rats with transplantable lymphosarcoma (LS) in the main group (n = 21) were treated with eight i.p. injections of iron NPs (total doses of 10 mg/kg bw), the control LS rats (n = 20) received saline i.p. The activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), content of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the red blood cells (RBC) and ceruloplasmin oxidase activity (CP) and MDA content in blood plasma were measured. These parameters were analyzed in rats with complete tumor regression (n = 12) after NPs treated and in cases of tumor growth (n = 9). Results: In RBC of control group the level of GSH and catalase activity were increased compared to healthy rats by 24% and 14.3% (p < 0.05), respectively. In spite of activation of the given antioxidant system components, the MDA content in RBC was increased by 45% (p < 0.01) compared to normal values. In plasma of control group we observed an increase in MDA by 167.4% (p < 0.01) and a decrease in CP by 36.8% (p < 0.001). In the main group there was a decrease in blood MDA level and the antioxidant system reorganization. The degree of changes depended on the antitumor effect of NPs: rats with tumor growth showed a tendency to the decreasing MDA in RBC and normalization of plasma MDA; MDA in rats with LS regression was similar to normal values. In the main group the CP activity did not differ from the values in healthy rats. GSH increased in animals with tumor growth by 218.6% and in the animals with the effect - by 69% compared to normal values (p < 0.01). SOD activity in the rats with LS growth increased by 42% and in the rats with LS regression it decreased by 30% (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The data suggest the relationship between antitumor effect and modulating action on oxidative processes in LS rats treated by iron NPs. Iron NPs improved efficiency of antioxidant system in blood and contributed to suppression of oxidative stress associated with tumor growth.

Сравнительная эффективность цитофлавина и его составных компонентов при окислительном стрессе в эксперименте

В экспериментальных условиях исследована возможность коррекции свободнорадикального окисления липидов мембран организма крыс введением цитофлавина. Установлено, что ежедневное ультрафиолетовое облучение в течение 3 мин способствует повышению содержания гидроперекисей липидов, диеновых конъюгатов, малонового диальдегида на фоне снижения активности основных компонентов антиоксидантной системы в крови экспериментальных животных. Введение крысам цитофлавина в дозе 100 мг/кг внутрибрюшинно ежедневно в течение 14 дней непосредственно перед облучением способствует достоверному снижению в плазме крови концентрации гидроперекисей липидов на 23 – 25 %, диеновых конъюгатов — на 23 – 25 %, малонового диальдегида — на 24 – 27 % по сравнению с показателями контрольной группы (p < 0,05). При анализе влияния цитофлавина на активность компонентов антиоксидантной системы установлено, что содержание церуло-плазмина и витамина Е в крови животных достоверно выше аналогичного показателя у крыс контрольной группы на 32 – 37 % (p < 0,05). Таким образом, использование цитофлавина в условиях окислительного стресса приводит к стабилизации процессов пероксидации на фоне повышения активности основных компонентов антиоксидантной системы в крови.

장기간 유산소성 운동과 저항성 운동이 신체구성, 항산화체계 및 혈중 대사 변인에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to examine the Effects of 8-week aerobic and resistance exercise on body composition, blood antioxidant systems, glucose, triacylglycerol(TG) levels. Twenty-four male without any medical problems were randomly assigned to either a aerobic exercise(AE) group(n=12) and resistance exercise(RE) group(n=12). Before the experiment, subjects participated in the graded exercise test or one repetition maximum test. Body composition was assessed before and after the exercise program. Blood samples were collected to identify antioxidant systems and metabolic factors. Results of this study show that in AE was effective for decreasing body weight, lean mass and RE was effective for increasing lean mass. It was also found that both AE and RE are effective in the reduction of body fat percentage and waist hip ratio(WHR). The derivatives of Reactive Oxygen Metabol ites(d-ROM) levels in AE group decreased significantly in 8-week compared with those in the 0-week. The d-ROM levels in 8-week were significantly lower in the AE group than RE group. In addition, the blood Biological Antioxidant Potential(BAP) and TG levels were significantly lower in the both groups. In conclusion, it was found that both exercises are effective in improving body composition, TG levels, as well as antioxidant activity, and that aerobic exercise was especially effective in the reduction of reactive oxygen species.

Effects of Micronutrient Supplementation on Lipid Peroxidation and Enzymatic Antioxidant System in Blood of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected Adults in Sokoto, Nigeria

Effects of Micronutrient Supplementation on Lipid Peroxidation and Enzymatic Antioxidant System in Blood of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected Adults in Sokoto, Nigeria

INDICATORS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM OF BLOOD AND ORAL FLUID IN WOMEN SUFFERING FROM PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES

Aim. Evaluation of the features of functioning of the antioxidant system of blood and oral fluid in women suffering from chronic endometritis complicated by the bilateral salpingo-oophoritis. Materials and methods. 85 women participated in the study. The first group consisted of 30 practically healthy women. The second group included 29 patients with chronic endometritis in the exacerbation phase, the third group was represented by patients with a combined course of chronic endometritis and bilateral salpingo-oophoritis in the exacerbation phase (n=26). In the erythrocyte suspension and oral fluid, the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase was assessed; in addition, the concentration of reduced glutathione was assessed in erythrocytes. Results. The obtained data reflect the development of an imbalance in the antioxidant system of blood and oral fluid that develops in patients with inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. Changes in the blood and oral fluid did not coincide completely, which was expressed by the relative insufficiency of superoxide dismutase activity in the blood (the ratio of activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase 1.3-1.8) and catalase in the oral fluid (the ratio of the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase 0.5-0.8). It is also interesting to note that the studied indicators after the therapeutic measures characterized still more significant depletion of the antioxidant system, and for the most part it was characteristic of the oral fluid (the ratio of the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase 0.05-0.1). This may be due to the intensive involvement of antioxidants in the recovery of the body. Conclusion. The results of the study suggest the prospect of additional metabolic correction of the antioxidant orientation to the standard therapy used for the treatment of pelvic inflammatory diseases. The pronounced changes in the biochemical parameters of the oral fluid make it possible to judge the possibility of using it for noninvasive laboratory evaluation of metabolic disorders in women with chronic endometritis and salpingo-oophoritis.

Dynamics of the intestinal biocenosis, indicators of the blood lipid profile, antioxidant system, and energy metabolism in the patients presenting with chronic non-calculous cholecystitis under the influence of the therapeutic physical factors in the combination with probiotics

The present study included 60 patients presenting with chronic non-calculous cholecystitis and intestinal dysbiosis. It has been demonstrated that the application of the 'Nor Narine' probiotic in the combination with 'Djermuk' hydrocarbon sodium sulfate mineral water and the pre-formed physical factors, in the first place the magnetic laser radiation, increases the effectiveness of the rehabilitative treatment of the patients. Such treatment resulted not only in the positive dynamics of the clinical picture of disease but also in the well apparent marked tendency toward normalization of the intestinal biocenosis, the lipid blood spectrum, the antioxidant system, and the energetic exchange.

Antioxidant mechanism of black garlic extract involving nuclear factor erythroid 2-like factor 2 pathway.

BACKGROUN/OBJECTIVESAlthough studies have revealed that black garlic is a potent antioxidant, its antioxidant mechanism remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine black garlic's antioxidant activities and possible antioxidant mechanisms related to nuclear factor erythroid 2-like factor 2 (Nrf2)-Keap1 complex.METHODS/MATERIALSAfter four weeks of feeding rats with a normal fat diet (NF), a high-fat diet (HF), a high-fat diet with 0.5% black garlic extract (HF+BGE 0.5), a high-fat diet with 1.0% black garlic extract (HF+BGE 1.0), or a high-fat diet with 1.5% black garlic extract (HF+BGE 1.5), plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin,homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined. As oxidative stress indices, plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF) were determined. To measure antioxidant capacities, plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and activities of antioxidant enzymes in plasma and liver were determined. The mRNA expression levels of antioxidant related proteins such as Nrf2, NAD(P)H: quinone-oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 (GSTA2) were examined.RESULTSPlasma glucose level, plasma insulin level, and HOMA-IR in black garlic supplemented groups were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those in the HF group without dose-dependent effect. Plasma TBARS concentration and TAC in the HF+BGE 1.5 group were significantly decreased compared to those of the HF group. The activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the HF+BGE 1.0 and HF+BGE 1.5 groups compared to those of the HF group. The mRNA expression levels of hepatic Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, and GSTA2 were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the HF with BGE groups compared to those in the HF group.CONCLUSIONSThe improvements of blood glucose homeostasis and antioxidant systems in rats fed with black garlic extract were related to mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 related genes.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF IMMUNE-ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF THE ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM HYPOTHYROIDISM AND COPD

Aim . To carry out a comparative study of the features and shift tendency of individual indicators of the antioxidant system in patients with hypothyroidism and COPD of various phenotypes. 79 patients suffering from COPD III and IV were examined at the age of 60 to 80 years (men and women) who were hospitalized in the pulmonology department of the Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2 in Krasnodar, along with 47 patients suffering from hypothyroidism. Materials and methods. The state of the blood antioxidant system was assessed by the activity of erythrocyte catalase and superoxide dismutase, the level of reduced thiol groups of erythrocytes, and the amperometric index of the total antioxidant activity of blood plasma. The activity of catalase was studied in the hemolysate of erythrocytes according to the method of Beers R. Results. It was established that there were significant changes in the functioning of individual links of the antioxidant protection system in patients with COPD and hypothyroidism, as well as the stress in the system in general. At the same time, enzyme activity of the antioxidant system of erythrocytes varies in multidirectional ways, whereas the indices of the cellular and extracellular non-enzyme links of the endogenous antioxidant system change in a unidirectional way towards the decrease, which may indicate a significant activation of free radical oxidation processes and partial depletion of the low-molecular antioxidant blood link. Conclusion. The revealed imbalance in the pro-/antioxidant system requires the introduction of drugs with antioxidant activity into therapeutic regimens. In patients with COPD, hypoxia and chronic inflammation may provoke oxidative stress, while in patients with hypothyroidism –decrease in the level of basal metabolism and anabolic processes in general.

OXYGEN UPTAKE OF BLOOD IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AFTER MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION

Oxidative stress, which is observed in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), is accompanied by the changes of plasma redox regulation. We aimed to investigate the dynamics of blood oxygen uptake rates in patients with CAD following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. We examined 80 CAD patients at admission to the hospital, discharge and 6 months after surgery. Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 - 8 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), Group 2 - 61 patients with old myocardial infarction (old MI), Group 3 - 11 patients with chronic CAD (CCAD). 24 healthy donors were included in the control group. We modelled the processes of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in plasma using biological oxygen monitor. The increase of indicators of blood oxygen uptake was registered in ACS and old MI patients at the day of admission, old MI patients at the day of discharge from the hospital, and CCАD patients at the day of 6 months after surgery. The increase of these indicators occurred after the depletion of blood antioxidant systems and caused by activation of lipoprotein peroxidation on the minute 30 and the decline of lipid radicals formation on the minute 40. As the plasma antioxidant status was greater, the оxidative damage of lipids started on the minute 40 of the study.

РЕДОКС-ПОТЕНЦІАЛ ТА СТАН ПЕРЕКИСНОГО ОКИСНЕННЯ ЛІПІДІВ КРОВІ КОРІВ, ЩО УТРИМУЮТЬСЯ У ЕКОЛОГІЧНО НЕСПРИЯТЛИВИХ УМОВАХ

The paper highlights the investigations into the effects of the complex of unfavorable ecological factors which appear as a result of Chernobyl-derived contamination of farm lands on the intensity of peroxide oxidation of lipids and glutathione chain of the antioxidant system of dairy cows, as well as on the changes in the redox-potential of blood. The territory that suffered from Chernobyl-derived radionuclide contamination is characterized by the unfavorable ecological situation which is connected with the increase in the radioactive load on animals, as well as with the decrease in the part of soluble (exchange) form of biogenic mineral elements of soils. The above conditions make it possible to initiate a complex of biochemical changes caused by water radiolysis, by the increase in the active forms of oxygen and by the protection of the body from the products of peroxidation which appear as a result of the effects of radiolysis products. The investigation is aimed at determining the redox-potential of venous blood and separate indices of the peroxide oxidation of lipids and the antioxidant system of blood in cows kept in the zone which was contaminated by the man-caused radio nuclides , as compared with cows kept in the zone with background values of radioactivity and ᶨ- irradiation emissive power. The investigation results make it possible to establish that in the blood of cows kept under ecologically unfavorable conditions one can observe the increase in the concentration of the products of lipid peroxide oxidation: hydroperoxide lipids and malone dialdehyde. Under the above conditions one can establish the changes in the activity of the glutathione chain of the antioxidant system: the decrease in the part of renewed glutathione and the authentic increase in the part of oxidized glutathione and the decrease in the activity of glutathione reductase as compared with cows kept under ecologically favorable conditions. It has been established that under the effects of unfavorable ecological factors one can observe the increase in the positive redox-potential of blood which testifies to the disturbances between oxidized and renewed potentials.

Влияние цитофлавина на параметры перекисного окисления липидов в плазме крови крыс в условиях холодового стресса

В экспериментальных условиях исследована возможность коррекции свободнорадикального окисления липидов мембран организма крыс введением цитофлавина. Установлено, что ежедневное холодовое воздействие в течение 3 ч способствует повышению содержания гидроперекисей липидов, диеновых конъюгатов, малонового диальдегида на фоне снижения активности основных компонентов антиоксидантной системы в крови экспериментальных животных. Введение крысам цитофлавина в дозе 100 мг/кг внутрибрюшинно ежедневно в течение 21 дня непосредственно перед охлаждением в условиях хронической холодовой нагрузки способствует достоверному снижению в плазме крови концентрации гидроперекисей липидов на 13 – 21 %, диеновых конъюгатов — на 24 – 25 %, малонового диальдегида — на 20 – 33 % по сравнению с показателями контрольной группы (p &lt; 0,05). При анализе влияния цитофлавина на активность компонентов антиоксидантной системы было установлено, что содержание церулоплазмина и витамина Е в крови животных было достоверно выше аналогичного показателя у крыс контрольной группы на 10 – 33 % (p &lt; 0,05). Таким образом, использование цитофлавина в условиях длительного воздействия холода на организм экспериментальных животных приводит к стабилизации процессов пероксидации на фоне повышения активности основных компонентов антиоксидантной системы в крови.

The features of lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system of blood under the influence of different concentrations of nitric oxide in a chronic experiment

This paper presents the results of the study of oxidative metabolism of the blood of intact animals subjected to prolonged exposure to nitric oxide at concentrations of 20, 50, and 100 ppm. The experiment was carried out with Wistar rats. NO inhalation was performed for 30 days. The state of blood oxidative metabolism was evaluated after inhalation and a 30-day-long recovery period after discontinuation of NO oxidative stress. The intensity of lipid peroxidation was studied in plasma and erythrocytes by induced biochemiluminescence and the measurement of the level of malondialdehyde. The activity of superoxide dismutase was determined in the hemolysate of erythrocytes. It was established that the optimal dose of inhaled NO is 20 ppm: a maximum increase in the total antioxidant activity after 30 days and normalization of lipid peroxidation in the blood after the completion of the recovery period were observed at this concentration. High concentrations of nitric oxide (50 and 100 ppm) initiated lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes and plasma after discontinuation of NO oxidative stress (after the completion of the recovery period) thus enhancing catalytic properties of superoxide dismutase.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ В ТКАНИНАХ ЩУРІВ ПРИ ОТРУЄННІ ВАЖКИМИ МЕТАЛАМИ

To investigate the functioning of antioxidant system in blood and liver of rats, poisoned of heavy metals (copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, cadmium sulfate and lead nitrate) on lipid peroxidation and on activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes of blood and liver of poisoned rats are shown in this article. It is shown that the introduction of heavy metals in rats leads to an increase in blood and liver TBARS-products and diene conjugates. Under the action of heavy metals decreases the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase. A reduction in the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase under the influence of high doses of heavy metals. Under the action of heavy metals reduced glutathione content in rat tissues.

Effects of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Seed Supplementation to High-Calorie Basal Diets of Quails on Egg Production, Egg Quality Traits, Hatchability and Oxidative Stress Parameters

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes to occur in egg production, egg quality traits, hatchability, and oxidative stress parameters of laying quails fed with high calorie diets and effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) seed on these changes. A total of 75 45-day-old quails including 60 females and 15 males were used in the study. The quails were divided into 5 groups with three repetitions. 4 females and 1 male were used in each repetition. The groups of the study were arranged as following; control group (C) consuming corn-soybean based basal diet, oil group (SFO) in which 5% sun flower oil was added into basal diet, oil + milk thistle group (SFO+MT) in which 5% sun flower oil + 1% milk thistle seed was added into basal diet, syrup group (CS) in which 10% corn syrup was added into basal diet, and syrup + milk thistle group (CS+MT) in which 10% corn syrup + 1% milk thistle was added into basal diet. Total egg production was found to be significantly higher in SFO and SFO+MT groups of present study (P 0.05). The differences among the groups in albumen rate, yolk rate, dried shell rate and shape index were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The best yolk colour was obtained in SFO+MT and CS groups (P 0.05), but the difference in examined fertility were statistically significant (P 0.05). MDA level of kidney significantly increased in CS group, however addition of milk thistle seed into diet was reduced MDA level of kidney in CS+MT group (P<0.01). High calorie diets caused changes in antioxidant system in blood and tissues. Consequently, high-calorie basal diets especially addition of SFO improved only egg production and fertility rate. However feeding quails with corn syrup had significantly higher lipid peroxidation in kidney. Supplementation of milk thistle seed into CS group may protect kidney against free radical damage.

Effect of iron nanoparticles on free radical oxidation process in blood of rats with Pliss lymphosarcoma

The use of metal nanoparticles (NPs) for cancer treatment requires careful examination of their biological effects. The aim of this study was to determine parameters of oxidative processes in the blood of tumor-bearing animals treated with metallic iron NPs only. The markers of antioxidant status and accumulation of lipid peroxidation products were measured in erythrocytes and blood plasma of rats with Pliss lymphosarcoma (PLS) and intact rats. PLS animals were treated eight times with iron NPs (at a dose of 1.25 mg/kg bw (main group), rats of the control group received saline (0.3 ml). In control animals, an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in red blood cells (RBC) by 45%; this was accompanied by compensatory increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase by 24% and 14.3%, respectively (p<0.05). In plasma an increase in MDA by 167.4% (p<0.01) and a decrease in oxidase activity of ceruloplasmin (CP) by 36.8% (p<0.001) were found. In the main group there was a decrease of accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in the blood. Intensity of detected changes depended on the antitumor effect: rats with growing LSP showed a tendency to the decrease in the RBC MDA level and normalization of plasma MDA; in animals with LSP regression this marker did not differ from normal values. In all animals of the main group the CP content was basically the same as in intact rats while GSH increased in the group without therapeutic effect (by 218.6%) and in the group with the effect by 69% (versus normal values; p<0.01). SOD activity in the rats with LSP growth significantly increased (by 42%), in the rats with regression decreased (by 30%) with subsequent normalization. Thus, administration of iron NPs caused activation of the antioxidant system in blood and a significant decrease in the manifestations of oxidative stress associated with tumor growth.

Antioxidant status of turkey breast meat and blood after feeding a diet enriched with histidine

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 1) spray dried blood cells rich in histidine and 2) pure histidine added to feed on the antioxidant status and concentration of carnosine related components in the blood and breast meat of female turkeys. The experiment was performed on 168 Big7 turkey females randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments: control; control with the addition of 0.18% L-histidine (His); and control with the addition of spray dried blood cells (SDBC). Birds were raised for 103 d on a floor with sawdust litter, with drinking water and feed ad libitum. The antioxidant status of blood plasma and breast muscle was analyzed by ferric reducing ability (FRAP) and by 2,2-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging ability. The activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was analyzed in the blood and breast meat, with the content of carnosine and anserine quantified by HPLC. Proximate analysis as well as amino acid profiling were carried out for the feed and breast muscles. Growth performance parameters also were calculated. Histidine supplementation of the turkey diet resulted in increased DPPH radical scavenging capacity in the breast muscles and blood, but did not result in higher histidine dipeptide concentrations. The enzymatic antioxidant system of turkey blood was affected by the diet with SDBC. In the plasma, the SDBC addition increased both SOD and GPx activity, and decreased GPx activity in the erythrocytes. Feeding turkeys with an SDBC containing diet increased BW and the content of isoleucine and valine in breast muscles.