Blood Antioxidant Capacity Research Articles

Total Anti-oxidant Capacity and Immunosuppressive Drug Blood Levels after Kidney Transplantation: A Patent Perspective

Background: It is well known that acute or chronic kidney injury could be due to free radicals and pro-oxidants. This investigation aimed to monitor tacrolimus or cyclosporine blood trough levels and anti-oxidant capacity after kidney transplantation. Methods: There was no intervention in the routine management of transplant recipients. The sample size (n=70) included healthy individuals and kidney-transplanted recipients (n=25 on tacrolimus and n=10 on cyclosporine). The study population was matched for age. The attained information was examined by using the Statistical Package (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). The significance level was considered as P ≤ 0.05. Results: In healthy individuals, the mean ± SD for the capacity of antioxidants was 91.9 ± 16.6 (u/ml), which was significantly higher when compared to the mean value of 28.5 ± 22.6 (u/ml) versus 24.7 ± 25.5 (u/ml), kidney recipients with tacrolimus versus cyclosporine (P ≤ 0.04) as immunosuppressive drugs. The mean value of tacrolimus levels was 14.6 ± 6.4 (ng/ml). The correlation between tacrolimus and cyclosporine trough levels and anti-oxidant capacity was 0.19 (P ≤ 0.14). There were no significant differences regarding age in cases and controls (P ≤ 42). Conclusion: This study showed that the capacity of anti-oxidants in kidney transplant recipients, those on tacrolimus or cyclosporine, might be lower than in healthy individuals. Subsequent investigations are recommended to delve into the therapeutic consequences of the influence of antioxidant therapies on the clinical outcomes of transplanted recipients. conclusion: Worldwide, our study is the first that showed that TAOC in kidney transplanted recipient was lower than controls

Effects of Phytochemical Antioxidants and Amino Acid Supplement (X-VIRUS) on the Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Immune Response, Blood Biochemical Parameters and Antioxidant Capacity of Broilers

Background: The poultry industry continues to grow due to the availability, affordability, and nutritional value of eggs and meat. Factors influencing this growth include genetics, feed quality, disease prevention, and the use of antibiotics. However, the search for alternatives to antibiotics has gained momentum due to concerns about antibiotic resistance and consumer demand. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of adding various doses of the commercial compound X-VIRUS solution (containing antioxidants and essential amino acids) to drinking water, with the goal of determining the optimal dose for improving broiler productivity. Methods: A total of 360 unsexed Ross 308 broilers were assigned to four treatments. Each treatment group was divided into six pens, with 15 chicks per pen. Treatments included: T1) control group (did not receive any additives), T2) 0.5 ml of X-VIRUS per liter of water, T3) 1 ml of X-VIRUS per liter of water, and T4) 1.5 ml of X-VIRUS per liter of water. Performance, carcass traits, biochemical blood variables and antioxidant capacity of broilers were assessed. Results: Administering X-VIRUS solution at a dose of 1.5 ml/l in broilers' drinking water increased body weight and weight gain compared to the lower doses. Additionally, higher X-VIRUS doses improved feed intake and feed conversion ratios. X-VIRUS solution increased significantly the relative weight of carcass, breast, and thigh in the fifth week. Higher X-VIRUS doses (1 and 1.5ml/l) led to higher antibody titers compared to lower doses. X-VIRUS solution reduced triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, glucose, ALT and MDA levels and increased HDL, total protein levels and GSH-Px activity, while albumin and globulin levels remained unchanged. Conclusions: administering a dose of 1.5ml/l of X-virus solution showed the best results in the performance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters and antioxidant capacity of broilers.

Effects of circuit weight training by intensity on stress hormones and antioxidant capacity in high-school wrestlers.

We aimed to investigate the effects of 8-week circuit weight training by intensity on blood stress hormones and antioxidant capacity in high-school wrestlers. This study involved 27 male wrestlers with >2 years of wrestling experience who were randomly assigned to either a low intensity (n=13) or a high-intensity circuit weight training group (n=14). The participants performed circuit weight training for 60 min per session, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The low- and high-intensity circuit weight training exercises were performed at 50%-60% and 70%-80% of one-repetition maximum for 10 stations, respectively, and 8-15 repeated sessions per station were performed in order. No changes were observed in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine levels between the two training groups. When compared to levels before the training, ACTH and epinephrine levels decreased, whereas cortisol levels increased. However, no difference was observed in norepinephrine levels. Further, no differences were observed in malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels between the two groups. However, MDA and GPX levels were increased from those before training. Changes in superoxide dismutase levels were observed between the two groups, but the change was significant only in the high-intensity circuit weight training group. Long-term training did not increase lipid peroxidation, but increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes that defend against oxidative stress. The antioxidant defense system in tissues can be regulated by exercise intensity as well as physical training status.

Polyunsaturated fatty acid status and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation across the lifespan: A cross-sectional study in a cohort with long-lived individuals

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are known to have a regulatory effect on oxidative and inflammatory processes. This study aimed to identify the relationship between blood PUFA status and circulatory markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in a cohort of 172 subjects. The population was divided by sex and into three age groups: adults (18–64 years old, n = 69), older adults (65–89 years old, n = 54), and long-lived individuals (LLIs, 90–111 years old, n = 49). Whole blood PUFA content was quantified using gas chromatography. Additionally, serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), paraoxonase (PON), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Our results showed that a higher omega-3 (n-3) index in adult females was a predictor of lower MDA concentrations (p = 0.038). Conversely, total n-3 PUFA and total n-6 PUFA were positively related to MDA values among older adult females and LLI men (p < 0.05), while total n-6 PUFA was inversely correlated with MDA levels in LLI females (p < 0.05). Interestingly, increased concentrations of total n-3 PUFA and n-3 index were positively correlated with higher TEAC values in LLI men (p = 0.007), while the arachidonic acid (AA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratio was inversely correlated with TEAC values among LLI females (p = 0.006). These findings suggest that cellular antioxidant capacity is inversely correlated with changes in the AA/EPA ratio in long-lived females, whereas n-3 PUFA may enhance blood antioxidant capacity in long-lived men. Overall, our study highlights the complex, sex-specific interactions between PUFA profiles and oxidative stress and inflammatory markers across different age groups.

Effects of herbal dregs supplementation of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Isatidis Radix residues improved production performance and gut microbiota abundance in late-phase laying hens.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of a mixture of Chinese medicinal residues (CMRs) consisting of Salvia miltiorrhiza residues (SMR) and Isatidis Radix residues (IRR) on productive performance, egg quality, serum lipid and hormone levels, liver and blood antioxidant capacity, oviduct inflammation levels, and gut microbiota in the late-laying stage. A total of 288 fifty-four-week-old BaShang long-tailed hens were divided into four groups. The feed trial period was 8 weeks. The control group was fed the basic diet as a CCMR group, supplemented with 3, 4, and 6% for the experimental groups LCMR, MCMR, and HCMR. The egg production rate of the MCMR group was 8.1% higher than that of the CCMR group (p < 0.05). Serum triglyceride (TG) levels of hens of the CMR-supplemented group were significantly decreased than those of the CCMR group (p < 0.05). The group supplemented with different levels of CMR had significantly higher serum HDL-C levels compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were remarkably increased for the LCMR and MCMR groups and significantly decreased for the HCMR group compared to CCMR (p < 0.05). Serum and liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities were significantly increased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased in the MCMR group compared to the CCMR group (p < 0.05). The expression levels of tubal inflammatory factor markers (IL-4, IL-1β, TNF-α) in the MCMR and HCMR groups were consistent with the pathological findings of the sections. As for cecal microbiota, supplementation with CMR affected the alpha diversity of the cecum microbiome at the genus level. The Shannon index was significantly higher in the MCMR group than in the CCMR and HCMR groups (p < 0.05). Supplementation with different levels of CMR mainly regulated the ratio of intestinal Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the abundance of phyla such as Proteobacteria. In addition, CMR supplementation at different levels in the diet enriched lipid-metabolizing bacteria, such as Bacteroides and Ruminococcus_gnavus_group. Furthermore, according to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis, the MCMR group showed an increase in the number of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria Romboutsia and fiber-degrading specialized bacteria Monoglobus. Therefore, supplementation of appropriate amounts of CMR to the diet of laying hens enhanced reproductive hormone levels, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism, alleviated the levels of oviductal inflammatory factors, and modulated the abundance structure of bacterial flora to improve the late-laying performance and egg quality. The results of the current study showed that CMR is a beneficial feed supplement for chickens when added in moderation.

Impact of dietary-nucleotides and Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derivatives on growth-performance, antioxidant-capacity, immune-response, small-intestine histomorphometry, caecal-Clostridia, and litter-hygiene of broiler-chickens treated with florfenicol

ABSTRACT Stress in poultry production is energy-demanding. Nucleotides and yeast cell-wall products are essential nutrients for broiler performance, gut function, and immune response. Antibiotics, like florfenicol, negatively affect the immune system. A total of 600 one-d-old broiler chickens (Cobb-500) were weighed and randomly allotted into four groups with three replicates each. The control group (G1) received the basal diet, G2 received a diet supplemented with a combination of nucleotides and Saccharomyces cerevisiae derivatives (250 g/Ton), G3 received the basal diet and medicated with florfenicol (25 mg/Kg body weight) in drinking water for 5 days, while G4 received a combination of nucleotides and Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derivatives (250 g/Ton) and medicated with florfenicol in drinking water. Growth performance criteria were recorded weekly. Blood, intestinal contents, small-intestine sections, and litter samples were collected to measure birds’ performance, carcass yields, leukocytic counts, antioxidant capacity, antibody titres, phagocytic index, caecal Clostridia, intestinal histomorphometry, and litter hygiene. Nucleotide-supplemented groups (G2 and G4) revealed significant (p ≤ 0.05) improvements in feed conversion, and body weight, but not for carcass yields in comparison to the control. Dietary nucleotides in G2 elevated blood total proteins, leucocytic count, antioxidant capacity, and phagocytic index, while they lowered blood lipids and litter moisture and nitrogen (p ≤ 0.05). Dietary nucleotides in G4 ameliorated the immunosuppressive effect of florfenicol (p ≤ 0.05) indicated in reducing caecal Clostridia, improving duodenal and ileal villi length, and increasing blood albumin and globulin levels, and phagocytosis%. Supplementing diets with nucleotides and yeast products has improved the immune system and provided a healthier gut for broilers.

Effects of chronic nitrite exposure on hematological parameters, oxidative stress and apoptosis in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) reared at high temperature

The effects of nitrite stress on blood biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, and apoptosis of spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) under high-temperature conditions were investigated. Fish were subjected to varying levels of nitrite concentrations for 28 days, specifically 0, 8, and 16 mg/L. Blood and gill samples were collected at the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th of the exposure for index determination, respectively. Results showed that as the concentration of nitrite increased, blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum chloride ion (Cl-) levels decreased. In addition, compared to the control group, methemoglobin (MetHb), hematocrit (HCT), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and serum potassium ion (K+) were significantly increased in the nitrite-stressed group. In terms of antioxidants, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the gill were significantly decreased with increasing nitrite concentration. Additionally, malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly increased with increasing nitrite concentration. Regarding genes related to apoptosis, as nitrite concentration increased, the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif-1α) and cytochrome C (Cyt-c) genes in the gill were significantly up-regulated on the 1st and 3rd day of exposure. The expressions of P53, Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9 genes in the gill were significantly up-regulated in stress groups at different exposure time intervals compared to the control group. In summary, nitrite caused disruption in the balance of blood ions, decreased antioxidant capacity in the gills, increased expression of genes associated with apoptosis, ultimately resulting in gill injury in the spotted seabass.

Chestnut tannin extract modulates growth performance and fatty acid composition in finishing Tan lambs by regulating blood antioxidant capacity, rumen fermentation, and biohydrogenation

Tannins as plant extracts have emerged as promising and potential alternatives for antibiotics in modern livestock cultivation systems. This study investigates the effect of dietary chestnut tannin extract (CTE) in finishing Tan lambs. Twenty-seven male Tan lambs were randomly divided into three groups: (1) control group (CON; basal diet); (2) low-dose CTE group (LCTE; basal diet + 2 g/kg CTE, dry matter [DM] basis); (3) high-dose CTE group (HCTE; basal diet + 4 g/kg CTE, DM basis). The HCTE group exhibited markedly higher average daily gain (ADG) and DM intake than CON (P < 0.01). The ruminal total volatile fatty acid concentration increased linearly with increasing CTE supplementation (P < 0.01), while the opposite trend was observed for butyrate molar proportion (P < 0.01). Upon increasing CTE dosage, plasma glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase content increased linearly (P < 0.05), whereas low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and urea nitrogen decreased linearly or quadratically (P < 0.05), respectively. A linear increase was also observed in ruminal t6 C18:1 and t9, c12 C18:2 proportions (P < 0.01), and plasma C18:2n-6 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids proportions with increased CTE supplementation (P < 0.01). In the longissimus dorsi muscle, the atherogenic index decreased linearly (P < 0.05), while c11 C18:1 and C20:5n-3 increased linearly (P < 0.05). Moreover, c9, t11 conjugated linoleic acids proportion increased in subcutaneous fat with CTE supplementation (P < 0.01). In conclusion, Dietary CTE enhances the ADG of finishing Tan lambs in a dose-dependent manner, modulates plasma metabolites and antioxidant capacity, and improves rumen fermentation and body fatty acid composition. These results provide a reference for the rational application of CTE in ruminant production.

Organic Selenium and Zinc: Their Effects in Feed on Blood Profiles and Antioxidant Capacity in Early-Lactating Dairy Cows

Organic Selenium and Zinc: Their Effects in Feed on Blood Profiles and Antioxidant Capacity in Early-Lactating Dairy Cows

Modifications of Blood Molecular Components after Treatment with Low Ozone Concentrations.

The ex vivo treatment of a limited volume of blood with gaseous oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) mixtures and its rapid reinfusion into the patient is a widespread medical procedure. O3 instantly reacts with the blood's antioxidant systems, disappearing before reinfusion, although the molecules formed act as messengers in the organism, inducing multiple antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. An appropriate dose of O3 is obviously essential to ensure both safety and therapeutic efficacy, and in recent years, the low-dose O3 concept has led to a significant reduction in the administered O3 concentrations. However, the molecular events triggered by such low concentrations in the blood still need to be fully elucidated. In this basic study, we analysed the molecular modifications induced ex vivo in sheep blood by 5 and 10 µg O3/mL O2 by means of a powerful metabolomics analysis in association with haemogas, light microscopy and bioanalytical assays. This combined approach revealed increased oxygenation and an increased antioxidant capacity in the O3-treated blood, which accorded with the literature. Moreover, original information was obtained on the impact of these low O3 concentrations on the metabolic pathways of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleotides, with the modified metabolites being mostly involved in the preservation of the oxidant-antioxidant balance and in energy production.

Consequences of dietary cinnamon and ginger oils supplementation on blood biochemical parameters, oxidative status, and tissue histomorphology of growing Japanese quails

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of various concentrations of ginger and cinnamon oils as antibiotic substitutes on some blood biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, and histopathological profile of the liver and gut of growing Japanese. A total of 900 Japanese quails were randomly allotted into 6 treatment groups. Each group had 5 replicates (30 chicks each). The first group received a basal diet and served as the control, while the second received a basal diet plus 0.5 g of colistin antibiotic/kg diet. The third and fourth groups were supplemented with 0.5 mL and 1.0 mL of ginger oil (GO)/kg diet, respectively. While the fifth and sixth groups received basal diet with 0.5 and 1.0 mL of cinnamon oil (CO)/kg diet, respectively. Results showed that adding herbal oils significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and urea levels compared to control and colistin groups. Various levels of GO and CO significantly (P < 0.05) reduced cholesterol levels compared to control birds. Compared to the control and antibiotic groups, Japanese quails supplemented with various levels of herbal oils (GO and CO) had more extraordinarily significant (P < 0.05) values for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione reductase (GSR). Regarding histopathologic examination, the jejunum displayed a nearly empty lumen, a few fusions, and mild goblet cell metaplasia. On the other hand, the duodenum looked tall and had a few fusions of villi and remnants of removal in its lumina. It could be concluded that cinnamon and GO improved birds' blood biochemical parameters, electorate oxidative stress, and enhanced intestinal and hepatic histology of the treated quails. Also, the levels of 0.5 mL CO and 0.5 mL GO may be an acceptable substitute for antibiotics (colistin) in the diets of growing Japanese quail.

Synergistic effects of Sargassum vulgare extract and lipid levels on growth performance, blood biochemical indices, immunological competence, and antioxidant capacity in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential synergistic effects of Sargassum vulgare extract (SVe) and lipid (L) on growth, feed conversion, blood biochemistry, antioxidant protection, and immunity of juvenile carp (Cyprinus carp). Test diets were formulated with three levels of SVe (0, 7.5, and 15 g/kg) and two levels of lipids (50 and 100 g/kg): the control diets without additional SVe (SVe0L50; SVe0L100), 7.5 g SVe/kg (SVe7.5L50; SVe7.5L100), and 15 g SVe/kg (SVe15L50; SVe15L100). Three replicate fish tanks were randomly assigned to six experimental groups, each receiving one of the diets for a duration of eight weeks. The results showed that 7.5–15 g SVe/kg significantly improved growth performance and feed utilization. The SVe15L100 group showed improved health indicators, including higher concentrations of hematocrit, hemoglobin, high-density lipoprotein, total protein, globulin, lysozyme, and complement. Additionally, the SVe15L100 group displayed the most robust antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by higher serum levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and lower levels of malondialdehyde. Based on results, it is recommended to enrich the diet with 15 g SVe and 100 g lipid/kg for simultaneous enhancement of antioxidant capacity and immune of juvenile common carp.

PSI-21 The Role of N-Carbamylglutamate Supplementation During Last Third of Gestation in Nutrient Restricted Twin-Bearing Ewes

Abstract Nutrient restriction in sheep during pregnancy normally occurs in Patagonia with negative effects on ewe body condition (BCS) and reproductive performance. N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), an analogue of N-acetylglutamate, is postulated to improve urea recycling, nitrogen utilization and antioxidant capacity in ruminants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral NCG supplementation in naturally nutrient restricted grazing twin-bearing ewes, on maternal body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS), serum biochemical indexes and antioxidant capacity in mid-late gestation. Ten twin-bearing ewes were orally dosed once-daily with 60 mg/kg BW NCG in a water carrier from 100 to 140 days of gestation (dg) and were compared with unsupplemented controls (CON; n = 8). Maternal BW, and BCS were recorded every 10 days, from 100 to 140 dg. Blood samples were collected at the same time points to evaluate plasma metabolites (NEFA, urea, total protein, albumin, globulin, Ca, P, Mg, Cholesterol, ASAT, CK, GGT, GLDH, total bilirubin and triglycerides), antioxidant status [malondialdehyde (MDA)], and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Ewes were managed as a single mob in a paddock with natural pasture (3.3% CP, 1.9 Mcal/kg ME), supplemented with alfalfa hay (600 g· ewe-1· /day-1; 13% CP and ME 2.2 Mcal/kg ME) from 130 dg, with a stocking rate of 0.9 ewes per hectare and a dry matter availability of 525 kg per hectare, representative of Patagonian prairie conditions. The effect of treatment on ewe BW, BCS and plasma metabolites were analyzed using REML analysis in R using lme4 R package with time (dg) and treatment (and their interaction) as fixed effects and animal as the random effect. Ewe BW increased (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and BCS decreased (P = 0.005) with advancing gestation, but there was no effect of treatment. There was a tendency for a treatment effect (P = 0.07) on plasma urea with ~10% less concentrations in NCG than CON ewes at 130 dg (P = 0.08) and 140 dg (P = 0.04). There was a treatment by time interaction for total bilirubin (P = 0.005), phosphorus (P = 0.02), and a similar trend for albumin (P = 0.09). Ewes supplemented with NCG had~10% lower concentrations of bilirubin at 100 (P = 0.01) and 120 dg (P = 0.04), less concentrations of phosphorus (P = 0.003) and albumin (P = 0.02) at 140 dg compared with CON ewes. No other effects of treatment on blood metabolites or antioxidant status or capacity were observed. Collectively these results suggest that supplementation of nutritionally restricted ewes with 60 mg/kg BW from 100 to 140 dg did not influence BW or LWT but may have some effects on liver function, protein metabolism, urea recycling, feed intake and/or feed efficiency which warrant further investigation.*Funded by FONDECYT Project N°1221042; AgResearch Strategic Science Investment Fund.

PSI-2 Evaluation of Sorghum Pericarp Varieties on Blood Parameters and Antioxidant Capacity in Healthy Adult Dogs

Abstract Ingredients that provide health benefits are popular in the pet food industry. Sorghum contains polyphenols which are found in the pericarp. These polyphenols may provide health benefits due to their antioxidant properties, which increase the benefit of sorghum in pet food. Few pet food studies have evaluated the antioxidant capacity of sorghum differing in pericarp color. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sorghum varieties on blood parameters and antioxidant capacity in dogs. Nutritionally complete experimental diets were extruded with a 50% inclusion of either rice, white sorghum A, burgundy sorghum, or white sorghum B. Twelve dogs were fed dietary treatments in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design consisting of 14-day periods. Three milliliters of blood were taken from each dog prior to starting the trial for baseline antioxidant capacity. At the end of each period, 3 mL of blood were taken from each dog and stored at -80°C until further analysis. Blood samples were analyzed for complete blood count (CBC), chemistry profiles (Kansas State University Veterinary Diagnostics Lab, Manhattan, KS), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) was measured by kit in blood plasma. Data were analyzed using a mixed model with statistical analysis software (SAS version 9.4, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) with treatment and period as fixed effects and dog as a random effect. Red blood cell distribution width was greatest in dogs fed white sorghum A at 12.9% and least in dogs fed white sorghum B at 12.7% (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The anion gap was highest for dogs fed the rice treatment at 24.6 mmol/L and lowest for dogs fed white sorghum A at 22.8 mmol/L (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Cholesterol was greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in dogs fed the rice treatment at 246.0 mg/dL compared with the three sorghum varieties (average, 225 mg/dL). Despite the few differences in blood parameters, all were within normal ranges for healthy dogs. There was no difference in plasma ORAC between treatments (P &amp;gt; 0.05). In conclusion, sorghum resulted in normal blood profiles and did not alter plasma antioxidant capacity compared with the rice control when fed to dogs. If antioxidant potential is desired, a concentrated pericarp (bran) extract may be necessary.

In vitro effects of low-intensity infrared laser irradiation on oxidative stress biomarkers in blood samples from diabetes mellitus patients

PurposeThe biological effects of low-intensity laser irradiation on oxidative damage and free radical-induced processes in the blood of patients with diabetes mellitus have not been studied yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time- and dose-dependent effects of low-intensity infrared (IR) irradiation on biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, oxidative modification of proteins (aldehydic and ketonic derivatives), and total antioxidant capacity in blood of healthy individuals and patients with diabetes mellitus in vitro. MethodsBlood samples were collected from the diabetes patients and healthy individuals and exposed to low-intensity infrared irradiation in vitro. The samples were exposed to 1-, 5-, and 9-min IR laser pulses with the wavelength of 0.89 nm at different pulse repetition frequencies (0; 50; 150; 600; 1500 Hz) and moderate radiation power (0; 50; 100 mW). The biomarkers of oxidative stress, i.e. 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), aldehydic and ketonic derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), were measured and analyzed in the samples of the exposed whole blood. ResultsCompared with the blood from the healthy controls, the lipid peroxidation analysis revealed 7 combinations of irradiation impact in the blood from the diabetes patients resulting in a decrease in lipid peroxidation processes, especially after the 9-min exposure. The analysis of oxidatively modified proteins demonstrated that laser light is mainly involved in the prevention of protein oxidation at moderate radiation power (50 and 100 mW), different pulse repetition frequencies (0; 50; 150; 600; 1500 Hz), the 9-min exposure and resulting in a decrease in lipid peroxidation processes. The analysis of the total antioxidant capacity revealed a predominantly positive effect of the low-intensity infrared irradiation. ConclusionsThese findings suggest potential involvement of blood dysfunction in the pathologic process of diabetes and provide insight into potential therapeutic targets of low-intensity IR laser irradiation for diabetes patients.

Effects of Dietary Bioactive Lipid Compounds of Acacia nilotica Bark on Productive Performance, Antioxidant Status, and Antimicrobial Activities of Growing Rabbits under Hot Climatic Conditions.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dietary Acacia nilotica bark bioactive lipid compounds (ANBBLCs) as novel feed additives on the growth performance, carcass criteria, antioxidants, and antimicrobial activities of growing male rabbits. A total of 100 California male weanling rabbits aged 35 days were divided into four nutritional treatments, each of which contained ANBBLCs at concentrations of 0 (control group), 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg diet (n = 25 per treatment, each replication consisting of one animal). The average body weight of the animals was 613 ± 14 g. The experiments lasted for 56 days. Dietary ANBBLC levels linearly improved (p < 0.05) the body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of rabbits. Furthermore, with increasing concentrations of ANBBLCs, the total antioxidant capacity of blood and liver tissue was linearly (p < 0.05) enhanced. Lactobacillus increased and Staphylococcus decreased (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control group when ANBBLC levels were added to the diets of rabbits. Rabbit diets supplemented with ANBBLCs increased dressing percentages and decreased abdominal fat. This study shows that ANBBLCs can be used as a feed additive to enhance the growth performance, carcass criteria, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of growing rabbits.

Chamomile and Urtica dioica extracts improve immunological and histological alterations associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome in DHEA -induced mice

BackgroundOne of the novel mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is low-grade chronic inflammation. Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and Nettle (Urtica dioica), with phytoestrogenic and antioxidant properties, are traditionally used to treat gynecological diseases. This study investigated the immune-modulating effects of these two plants.MethodsFollowing the induction of PCOS by subcutaneous injection (SC) of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in BALB / C mice. Mice were treated in five groups: Sham, PCOS, PCOS + Chamomile, PCOS + Nettle, and PCOS + Chamomile and Nettle for 21 days. Ovarian morphology, blood antioxidant capacity, the abundance of Treg cells, and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß), cyclooxygenase-2 genes (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured.ResultsFolliculogenesis, Cystic follicles, and corpus luteum improved in the treatment groups (P < 0. 05). Treg cells in the DHEA group were significantly reduced compared to the Sham group (P < 0. 01). However, this decrease was not corrected in treatment groups (P > 0. 05). Total serum antioxidant capacity was significantly increased in the treatment group of Nettle and Chamomile + Nettle (P < 0. 05). The expression of MMP9 and TGFβ genes in the PCOS group was significantly higher than the Sham group (P < 0. 05), which the expression of MMP9 was corrected by treatment with Chamomile + Nettle extract (P < 0. 05).ConclusionChamomile and Nettle extract may be an effective supplement in improving the histological and immunological changes of PCOS. However, more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness in humans.

The Association of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior with Maternal and Cord Blood Anti-Oxidative Capacity and HDL Functionality: Findings of DALI Study.

Obesity is one of the most common health issues in pregnancy with short and long-term consequences for both mother and her offspring. Promoting moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and decreasing sedentary time (ST) could have a positive impact on weight and obesity management, and therefore adiposity-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherogenesis. However, the effects of MVPA and ST on anti-oxidative and anti-atherogenic markers in pregnancy have not been studied to date. This study aimed to assess the association of longitudinally and objectively measured MVPA and ST in 122 overweight/obese women (BMI ≥ 29 kg/m2) with maternal and cord blood markers of oxidative stress measured by advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), anti-oxidative capacity, as well as high-density lipoproteins (HDL) related paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity and cholesterol efflux. Linear regression models showed no associations of MVPA and ST with outcomes in maternal blood. In contrast, MVPA at <20 weeks and 24-28 weeks of gestation were positively associated with anti-oxidative capacity, as well as PON-1 activity of HDL in cord blood. MVPA at 35-37 weeks correlated with higher AOPP, as well as higher anti-oxidative capacity. ST <20 weeks was also positively associated with inhibition of oxidation in cord blood. We speculate that increasing MVPA of overweight/obese women during pregnancy attenuates the oxidative stress state in the new-born.

Hypoglycemic Effect of the N-Butanol Fraction of Torreya grandis Leaves on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rats through the Amelioration of Oxidative Stress and Enhancement of β-Cell Function.

Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, T2DM, metformin, high-dose BFTL (800 mg/kg), middle-dose BFTL (400 mg/kg), and low-dose BFTL (200 mg/kg). After 4 weeks of BFTL treatment, the correlations of serum indicators with protein expression in tissue were determined, and pathological changes in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas were analyzed. Compared with the results in the T2DM group, serum fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, malondialdehyde, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), whereas superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the high-, middle-, and low-dose BFTL groups. The treatment also improved oral glucose tolerance. In addition, the pathological changes of the liver, kidney, and pancreas were improved by BFTL treatment. Cytochrome and caspase-3 expression in pancreatic was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) by BFTL treatment, whereas the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Discussion and Conclusion. BFTL exerted significant hypoglycemic effect on T2DM model rats, and its mechanism involved the suppression of blood glucose levels and oxidative stress by improving the metabolism of blood lipids and antioxidant capacity, boosting β-cell function, and inhibiting β-cell apoptosis.

Dietary Effects of Chromium Picolinate and Chromium Nanoparticles in Wistar Rats Fed with a High-Fat, Low-Fiber Diet: The Role of Fat Normalization

We aimed to evaluate how feeding a high-fat-low-fiber (F) diet to rats and dietary intervention with the implementation of a standard-fat-and-fiber (S) diet affects the response of the cardiovascular system to chromium (III) picolinate (Cr-Pic) and, alternatively, chromium nanoparticles (Cr-NPs). Young male Wistar Han rats (n/group = 12) from either the fatty group (18 weeks on F diet) or the intervention group (9 weeks on F diet + 9 weeks on S diet) received a pharmacologically relevant dose of 0.3 mg Cr/kg body weight in the form of Cr-Pic or Cr-NPs for 9 weeks. Our study on rats confirmed the pro-inflammatory effect of an F diet administered for 18 weeks. In the intervention group, both Cr-Pic and Cr-NPs decreased heart glutathione ratio (GSH+GSSG), enhanced participation of nitric oxide (NO) derived from inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in vascular relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh), increased the vasodilator net effect of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostanoids, and increased the production of superoxide anion (O2.-) in aortic rings. Meanwhile, in the fatty group, there was increased heart superoxide dismutase (SOD), decreased heart catalase (CAT), and reduced sensitivity in pre-incubated aortic rings to endogenous prostacyclin (PGI2). The factors that significantly differentiated Cr-NPs from Cr-Pic were (i) decreased blood antioxidant capacity of water-soluble compounds (0.75-fold, p = 0.0205), (ii) increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production (1.59-fold, p = 0.0332), and (iii) modified vasodilator response due to PGI2 synthesis inhibition (in the intervention group) vs. modified ACh-induced vasodilator response due to (iv) COX inhibition and v) PGI2 synthesis inhibition with thromboxane receptor blockage after 18 weeks on F diet (in the fatty group). Our results show that supplementation with Cr-Pic rather than with Cr-NPs is more beneficial in rats who regularly consumed an F diet (e.g., for 18 weeks). On the contrary, in the intervention group (9 weeks on F diet + 9 weeks of dietary fat normalization (the S diet)), Cr-Pic and Cr-NPs could function as pro-oxidant agents, initiating free-radical reactions that led to oxidative stress.