Blockchain-based Voting System Research Articles

Online Voting System using Blockchain Technology

Voting stands as a cornerstone of democracy in any nation, empowering citizens to select future leaders and express their views within their communities. It fosters an understanding of civic duty and citizenship significance. Online voting systems, digital platforms designed to conduct elections securely, streamline the voting process by eliminating traditional paper ballots and in-person gatherings. These systems safeguard the integrity of each vote by preventing multiple submissions. Contrasting paper-based methods, electronic voting, or e-voting, offers inherent advantages such as heightened efficiency and reduced errors. Such systems promote broader participation by enabling individuals to vote from any location with internet access. Blockchain technology, an emerging decentralized innovation with robust cryptographic underpinnings, holds promise for enhancing various industries. Integrating e-voting with blockchain could address existing e-voting concerns. Here, we propose a blockchain-based voting system to curb fraud and enhance the simplicity, security, and efficiency of the voting process. Keywords: Blockchain, Ethereum, Smart-contracts, Online-voting, Privacy, Trust, Security

Decentralized Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain

Electronic voting, or e-voting, offers fundamental advantages over paper-based systems, including increased efficiency and reduced errors. The electronic voting system aims to boost user participation by enabling individuals to cast their votes from any location using any device with an internet connection. Blockchain, an emerging decentralized technology with robust cryptographic foundations, holds the potential to enhance various industries. Integrating blockchain technology into e-voting systems could address current concerns and challenges, providing a promising solution for improvement. This paper proposes a blockchain-based voting system designed to mitigate voting fraud, simplify the voting process, and ensure security and efficiency through face recognition. The lack of adequate transparency in many voting systems presents a significant challenge to building trust among voters, making it difficult for the government to secure their confidence. The failure of traditional and current digital voting systems lies in their susceptibility to exploitation. To address this, the paper suggests a framework employing effective hashing techniques to ensure data security. The concept of block creation and sealing is introduced, emphasizing the implementation of hashing algorithms. The proposed framework discusses the effectiveness of the polling process, detailing the implementation of an adjustable blockchain method involving utility establishment, contract formation, block creation and sealing, data accumulation, and results declaration. This approach ensures a dynamic and flexible application of blockchain technology. Key Words: Blockchain, E-Voting, Smart Contract, Face Regconition.

Ballot and Beyond: Exploring Blockchain Voting

Abstract: The conventional voting system faces widespread distrust, necessitating a shift towards democratic voting in nations. The suggested platform offers a framework that can be used to perform blockchain-based digital voting without the need for actual polling places. Our suggested design makes use of adaptable consensus algorithms to enable a scalable blockchain. The voting process can be made more secure by the voting system’s application of the Chain Security Algorithm. In the process of carrying out a transaction in the chain, smart contracts offer a safe connection between the user and the network. It has also been argued how secure the voting mechanism based on blockchain is. Furthermore, elaborated are the methods for preventing 51 percent attack on the blockchain and encrypting transactions using cryptographic hashes. Additionally, using Blockchain, the procedure for conducting blockchain transactions during the voting process has been developed. Ultimately, the suggested system’s performance review demonstrates that a sizable population can use the system. In conclusion the proposed blockchainbased voting system aims to build trust between government and voters, make the voting process transparent and trustworthy, and improve the level of the electoral system’s reliability, traceability, and trust.

Survey on Decentralized Democracy: Blockchain Voting System

Voting is a fundamental pillar of democracy, but traditional voting systems face numerous challenges, including concerns related to security, transparency, and accessibility. In recent years, blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution to revolutionize the voting process. By leveraging the inherent characteristics of blockchain technology, a blockchain-based voting system can enhance the integrity and trustworthiness of the voting process. Blockchain-based voting systems offer several key features and benefits. One of the main advantages is the security and immutability of voter data, which makes it virtually impossible to tamper with or manipulate. Each vote is recorded as a transaction on the blockchain, creating a transparent and auditable ledger that can be accessed by all stakeholders. This eliminates the need for intermediaries such as government agencies or third-party voting providers, reducing the risk of interference and tampering. Another advantage of blockchain-based voting systems is increased accessibility. Remote and mobile voting can help improve voter turnout and participation, especially for individuals who may have difficulty accessing traditional polling stations. Moreover, blockchain technology can maintain the anonymity of voters while ensuring the verifiability of their choices, which guarantees the privacy of their decisions. Despite these benefits, challenges persist, including concerns about identity verification and cybersecurity. Addressing these issues is crucial for the widespread adoption of blockchain-based voting systems. In conclusion, a blockchain-based voting system has the potential to transform the way elections are conducted by providing a secure, efficient, and transparent platform that empowers citizens and strengthens the democratic process. As the technology continues to evolve, it is essential to address its limitations while harnessing its advantages to build a more robust and inclusive electoral system. Keywords: Blockchain, voting, election, decentralized, secure, transparency, immutability, privacy.

E-VOTING SYSTEM USING ETHEREUM BLOCKCHAIN

Ethereum introduced decentralized applications (DApps) to leverage blockchain's potential, distinct from the cryptocurrency buzz dominating discussions. Ethereum offers a robust platform for DApp development, utilizing the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). With increasing smart contract integration, Ethereum's ecosystem strengthens, as these self-executing contracts govern transactions while ensuring consensus among all participants. In democratic societies, the demand for a transparent and secure electronic voting platform is high. Ethereum, with its expansive network, is an ideal choice for such projects. Our implementation focuses on a decentralized, blockchain-based voting system. Multiple nodes collectively store voting data, ensuring redundancy. In case of node issues, users can access their data from operational nodes, enhancing system reliability. This contrasts with traditional centralized servers, prone to hacking or failures that compromise data accessibility and integrity. Blockchain's immutable data storage prevents tampering, as nodes independently verify each block using cryptographic hash codes. Unauthorized changes trigger immediate alerts, enhancing security and trust in the voting system.

SECURE ONLINE VOTING BASED ON BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY

This paper is based on electronic voting machines, which are often used in elections and offer the ability to execute the process safely using blockchain technology. The prime aim of this system is to ensure security, integrity as well as transparency. One of the main considerations in the electronic voting site that offers a blockchain-based voting system to address a number of shortcomings of the current voting methods is voter privacy. The portal also offers a simple, dependable, rapid, and economical e-voting solution. Key Words: Blockchain technology, EVM’s, authentication, validation, security, decentralized voting.

A Blockchain Based Portal for Online E-Voting

In place of traditional electoral systems, the implementation of e-voting systems is widely adopted which still has major problems in the results. Online voting is an alternative to the old paper voting system and today's popular Electronic Vote Machine (EVM). E-voting systems are very susceptible to manipulation issues, such as alteration of election results by hacking or by the manufacturer of the voting system. To solve this problem, we use distributed ledger technology to create a voting application that is accessible to everyone and everywhere. Blockchain, which is the technology behind the first Bitcoin cryptocurrency, has attracted a lot of attention globally in recent years. This paper proposes a blockchain-based voting system that removes some limitations of existing voting systems. The application is based on the Ethereum blockchain which makes the entire system secure and immutable in nature. The presented implementation is suitable for small-scale elections such as inside corporate homes, meeting rooms, and more.

Implementation and Early Adoption of an Ethereum-Based Electronic Voting System for the Prevention of Fraudulent Voting

Today’s online voting systems pose security concerns and cannot be used for public elections, while offline voting costs significantly more. As a result, a decentralized electronic voting system is emerging, backed by blockchain technology. With blockchain technology applied to online voting, the system can guarantee transparency and confidentiality because individual voter information and aggregate information are stored in a distributed fashion. Due to its decentralized nature, a blockchain-based voting system is more secure than the existing central server-based online voting system. In this study, an Ethereum-based electronic voting system was developed. This system resolves the issue of fraudulent voting by enhancing the safety and reliability of the electronic voting system.

A Proposed Blockchain-Based Voting System with User Authentication through Biometrics

Transparency and security in an electoral process are fundamental to the legitimacy of the results and the confidence of voters. Thus, it is necessary to assess opportunities to improve traditional voting systems. Among the main problems is the lack of transparency, due to the impossibility of a voter checking their vote and the lack of access to the source from which the results are obtained. Another problem is mobility, due to the impossibility of performing remote voting, as traditional voting systems continue to require the physical presence of the voter in an electoral zone. Thus, the objective of this work is to propose a voting system that is functional, transparent, safe, and accessible to everyone. Voters can vote through a mobile application with biometric authentication using fingerprint and password access. In our proposal, votes are registered in an Ethereum Blockchain through a Smart Contract, allowing the voter to check their vote. The results are expected to collaborate with the evolution of studies necessary to improve traditional voting systems, especially in fundamental aspects such as security, transparency, and mobility.

Blockchain based voting system for Jordan parliament elections

Covid-19 pandemic has stressed more than any-time before the necessity for conducting election processes in an electronic manner, where voters can cast their votes remotely with complete security, privacy, and trust. The different voting schema in different countries makes it very difficult to utilize a one fits all system. This paper presents a blockchain based voting system (BBVS) applied to the Parliamentary elections system in the country of Jordan. The proposed system is a private and centralized blockchain implemented in a simulated environment. The proposed BBVS system implements a hierarchical voting process, where a voter casts votes at two levels, one for a group, and the second for distinct members within the group. This paper provides a novel blockchain based e-Voting system, which proves to be transparent and yet secure. This paper utilizes synthetic voter benchmarks to measure the performance, accuracy and integrity of the election process. This research introduced and implemented new algorithms and methods to maintain acceptable performance both at the time of creating the blockchain(s) for voters and candidates as well as at the time of casting votes by voters.

A Blockchain-Based Voting System for E-Elections in Totalitarian States

A Blockchain-Based Voting System for E-Elections in Totalitarian States

Blockchain Based Voting System

The Voting/Electoral system is that the backbone of Each and Every Country and Organization. The main goal of voting (in a scenario where the citizens have a right to vote) is to come up with their leader of their choice. At Present there are various voting is conducted in various methods such as Ballot Voting, E-Voting also known as Electronic Voting System, Missed Call Voting. Various problems are during Election Period as some of them include ridging votes/fake votes during election, insecure or inaccessible polling stations, inadequate materials and also inexperienced personnel.To overcome this problems we have used Blockchain Technology to make Unique ID’s for each vote.In this paper, we have tried to sort out issues faced by various voting systems.And make Voting more Secure by using various authentications.

AMVchain: authority management mechanism on blockchain-based voting systems.

As blockchain technology booms, modern electronic voting system leverages blockchain as underlying storage model to make the voting process more transparent, and guarantee immutability of data. However, the transparent characteristic may disclose sensitive information of candidate for all system users have the same right to their information. Besides that, the pseudo-anonymity of blockchain will lead to the disclosure of voters’ privacy and the third-parties such as registration institutions involved in voting process also have possibility of tampering data. To overcome these difficulties, we apply authority management mechanism into blockchain-based voting systems. In this paper, we put forward AMVchain, a fully decentralized and efficient blockchain-based voting system. AMVchain has a three-layer access control architecture, and on each layer, smart contracts are responsible for validation and granting permissions. Linkable ring signature is adopted in the process of voting to protect ballot-privacy. AMVchain also makes a tradeoff between efficiency and concurrency by introducing proxy nodes. The experiments results show that our system meets the basic requirements under the high concurrent users circumstance.

A Blockchain-Based Voting System for E-Elections in Totalitarian States

The purpose of the present research was to introduce a blockchain-based voting system so that any state, including totalitarian states, can show interest in using it. In this method, a hybrid voting system with two centralized and distributed systems was used. Its centralized system is one of the most common voter identification and polling models, and its distributed system, which is designed with Ethereum public blockchain, is voting for voters. Totalitarian states are not interested in announcing the results online. Also, the lack of trust in E-voting systems by both states and voters has led to E-voting in important political elections in most states as support for manual or paper voting. Based on the results of field research with this voting system, it was possible to create a 7 min break between the end of the voting process and the announcement of the results for political considerations. This break can be increased by agreement. The results of the votes cannot be manipulated in any way. Survey results should also be communicated to voters before the voting process. This voting system can improve the level of democracy and maximum participation. It is hoped that the spread of distributed technologies, especially the blockchain, will pave the way for the spread of justice and democracy around the world.

An Electronic Voting System adopting Blockchain: Interpretation, Characteristics and Investigation

This article offers an E-voting (Electronic Voting) approach that ensures security, privacy, and transparency. We have decided to use the blockchain system. Blockchain technology lowers the cost of centralized Clouds, Datacenters, and Networking Equipment, decreases the need for middlemen, and provides data privacy and transparency; all of which are critical for a fair election.An Architecture and Algorithm are suggested for the blockchain-based voting system. An internet of things (IoT) based system is designed to exchange data from the electronic voting machine and the nodes. Furthermore, we introduced its features, and we concluded with some future investigations.

Efficient, Coercion-free and Universally Verifiable Blockchain-based Voting

Most electronic voting systems today satisfy the basic requirements of privacy, unreusability, eligibility and fairness in a natural and rather straightforward way. However, receipt-freeness, incoercibility and universal verifiability are much harder to implement and in many cases they require a large amount of computation and communication overhead. In this work, we propose a blockchain-based voting system which achieves all the properties expected from secure elections without requiring too much from the voter. Coercion resistance and receipt-freeness are ensured by means of a randomizer token – a tamper-resistance source of randomness which acts as a black box in constructing the ballot for the user. Universal verifiability is ensured by the append-only structure of the blockchain, thus minimizing the trust placed in election authorities. Additionally, tallying the votes has linear overhead, hence our system is scalable and practical for large scale elections.

Blockchain Isn’t Always the Solution (or Why Tokenizing Equity Securities Is Not the Answer to the Proxy Voting Problem)

The U.S. proxy voting process is widely viewed as inefficient, opaque, and frequently inaccurate. The conventional wisdom is that voting inaccuracy has arisen largely as a result of decisions made in the 1960s to transition to a system of share immobilization pursuant to which most shares are held in “street name” by securities intermediaries as a fungible mass of shares that is not directly traceable to any individual. In particular, although the street name system facilitates securities trading, holding shares in fungible bulk makes it difficult, if not impossible, for street name investors to confirm that their shares are voted in accordance with their wishes since there is purportedly no way to provide end-to-end voting confirmations. Consequently, a number of academics and practitioners, including several SEC commissioners, have expressed an interest in exploring whether blockchain technology could provide end-to-end vote confirmations by enabling market participants to trace share ownership to the ultimate beneficial owner, and bypass the layers of intermediaries. But while blockchain technology may work in certain cases, it probably will not be the panacea that its proponents expect. Reliance on blockchain technology presumes that the aforementioned problems are primarily a function of existing technology. But several securities industry pilot projects have demonstrated that end-to-end vote confirmations are already possible under the existing proxy voting system, and in any event, the Depository Trust Corporation’s (“DTC”) Direct Registration System (“DRS”) Service has enabled investors to avoid holding their securities in street name since 1996. In addition, while blockchain technology could facilitate end-to-end voting, investors would have to hold custody of their own tokens and, for a number or reasons, many investors will not. More to the point, blockchains use public key cryptography, and the loss of private keys associated with a particular token would result in the loss of that token. Due to the complexities of safeguarding private keys, and the severe consequences for failing to do so, many token holders have relied on centralized exchanges or third-party custodians to hold their tokens and, absent a dramatic improvement in private key management technology, there is little reason to think that this trend will change. While this would seem to contradict one of the primary rationales for adopting blockchain technology – eliminating intermediaries – the logic is clear; after all, ask yourself if you have ever used the login reset function on a financial website because you have forgotten your username or password, and if the answer is “yes,” the rationale for delegating key management to third parties becomes completely understandable. There may be other problems with migrating the existing trading and clearance system to a blockchain. In particular, putting equity securities on a blockchain may increase the risk of a cyber attack on a holder of those securities. That’s because trades involving equity securities on a blockchain are cleared and settled nearly instantaneously, and the asset used in clearing and settling any such a trade is likely to be another blockchain token that is either a bearer instrument or easily converted into another token that is a bearer instrument. The proceeds of such an attack can, therefore, be easily laundered. Securities holders might avoid the problem by not disclosing that they own securities tokens, but most state laws require issuers to maintain records on the identity and holdings of their security holders and to give that information to security holders under certain circumstances. Federal securities laws also require security holders that meet certain ownership criteria to file beneficial ownership reports under Sections 13 and 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). Finally, if equity securities are converted into tokens, there will presumably be an incentive to implement some form of blockchain voting. Yet a number of researchers have pointed out that using blockchains may exacerbate the problems inherent in internet voting. Moreover, unless the voting procedures are carefully thought out and implemented, migrating to a blockchain-based voting system could also facilitate vote buying.