Block Cipher Technique Research Articles

Quantum Neural Network Based Distinguisher on SPECK-32/64

As IoT technology develops, many sensor devices are being used in our life. To protect such sensor data, lightweight block cipher techniques such as SPECK-32 are applied. However, attack techniques for these lightweight ciphers are also being studied. Block ciphers have differential characteristics, which are probabilistically predictable, so deep learning has been utilized to solve this problem. Since Gohr’s work at Crypto2019, many studies on deep-learning-based distinguishers have been conducted. Currently, as quantum computers are developed, quantum neural network technology is developing. Quantum neural networks can also learn and make predictions on data, just like classical neural networks. However, current quantum computers are constrained by many factors (e.g., the scale and execution time of available quantum computers), making it difficult for quantum neural networks to outperform classical neural networks. Quantum computers have higher performance and computational speed than classical computers, but this cannot be achieved in the current quantum computing environment. Nevertheless, it is very important to find areas where quantum neural networks work for technology development in the future. In this paper, we propose the first quantum neural network based distinguisher for the block cipher SPECK-32 in an NISQ. Our quantum neural distinguisher successfully operated for up to 5 rounds even under constrained conditions. As a result of our experiment, the classical neural distinguisher achieved an accuracy of 0.93, but our quantum neural distinguisher achieved an accuracy of 0.53 due to limitations in data, time, and parameters. Due to the constrained environment, it cannot exceed the performance of classical neural networks, but it can operate as a distinguisher because it has obtained an accuracy of 0.51 or higher. In addition, we performed an in-depth analysis of the quantum neural network’s various factors that affect the performance of the quantum neural distinguisher. As a result, it was confirmed that the embedding method, the number of the qubit, and quantum layers, etc., have an effect. It turns out that if a high-capacity network is needed, we have to properly tune properly to take into account the connectivity and complexity of the circuit, not just by adding quantum resources. In the future, if more quantum resources, data, and time become available, it is expected that an approach to achieve better performance can be designed by considering the various factors presented in this paper.

DieRoll: A Unique Key Generation and Encryption Technique

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) or Data Encryption Standard (DES) are standard block cipher techniques mostly used for text or numbers but not preferred for multimedia data. Many researchers presented their work for grayscale image cryptography. However, little work has been reported for RGB image cryptography. This paper presents DieRoll, an encryption technique for color images. The key generation provides a novel approach with various stages of dividing and scrambling followed by using a fair die to transpose, reintegrate and form a new key. This newly generated key is used to encrypt RGB images. The implementation and performance evaluation of DieRoll is also given. The paper compares DieRoll encryption techniques with other techniques found in the literature. Quantitative and visual evaluation is also presented to analyze the resistance against modern threats. In the end attack analysis is given to support the claims.

Secure Image Encryption Using Chaotic, Hybrid Chaotic and Block Cipher Approach.

Secure image transmission is one of the most challenging problems in the age of communication technology. Millions of people use and transfer images for either personal or commercial purposes over the internet. One way of achieving secure image transmission over the network is encryption techniques that convert the original image into a non-understandable or scrambled form, called a cipher image, so that even if the attacker gets access to the cipher they would not be able to retrieve the original image. In this study, chaos-based image encryption and block cipher techniques are implemented and analyzed for image encryption. Arnold cat map in combination with a logistic map are used as native chaotic and hybrid chaotic approaches respectively whereas advanced encryption standard (AES) is used as a block cipher approach. The chaotic and AES methods are applied to encrypt images and are subjected to measures of different performance parameters such as peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), number of pixels change rate (NPCR), unified average changing intensity (UACI), and histogram and computation time analysis to measure the strength of each algorithm. The results show that the hybrid chaotic map has better NPCR and UACI values which makes it more robust to differential attacks or chosen plain text attacks. The Arnold cat map is computationally efficient in comparison to the other two approaches. However, AES has a lower PSNR value (7.53 to 11.93) and has more variation between histograms of original and cipher images, thereby indicating that it is more resistant to statistical attacks than the other two approaches.

A lightweight block cipher technique for IoT based E-healthcare system security

A lightweight block cipher technique for IoT based E-healthcare system security

A Block Cipher Algorithm Based on Magic Square for Secure E-bank Systems

Nowadays the E-bank systems witnessed huge growth due to the huge developments in the internet and technologies. The transmitted information represents crucial information that is exposed to various kinds of attacks. This paper presents a new block cipher technique to provide security to the transmitted information between the customers and the e-bank systems. The proposed algorithm consists of 10 rounds, each round involves 5 operations. The operations involve Add round key, Sub bytes, Zigzag method, convert to vector, and Magic Square of order 11. The purpose of this algorithm is to make use of the complexity of the Magic Square algorithm, the speed of addition operation, the confusion provided by the zigzag, using these operations with Galois field 28 GF(28), and repeating these operations for several rounds to build fast high secure encryption algorithm. This algorithm is designed to provide fast with high complexity and security which is suitable to encrypt the data that is transmitted over the internet. Speed, complexity, and The National Institute of Standards and Technology Framework NIST suite tests were done. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is = ((256)32)r+1*((256)89)r+1 + (256)121. The proposed technique gives higher speed and security in the encryption and decryption phases, according to the results of the experiments. The degree of randomness has grown by 31.8 percent. Due to a decrease in the time of encrypting and decrypting, as well as the usage of the central processing unit (CPU), efficiency is improved. The encryption process throughput is enhanced by 13%, while the decryption process throughput is increased by 11.6 percent with the recommended approach.

A survey and analysis of different lightweight block cipher techniques for resource-constrained devices

A survey and analysis of different lightweight block cipher techniques for resource-constrained devices

A Survey and Analysis of Different Lightweight Block Cipher Techniques for Resource Constrained Devices

A Survey and Analysis of Different Lightweight Block Cipher Techniques for Resource Constrained Devices

Hyperledger blockchain enabled secure medical record management with deep learning-based diagnosis model

In recent times, advanced developments in healthcare sector result in the generation of massive amounts of electronic health records (EHRs). EHR system enables the data owner to control his/her data and share it with designated people. The vast volume of data in the healthcare system makes it difficult for data to ensure security and diagnostic processes. To resolve these issues, this paper develops a new hyperledger blockchain enabled secure medical data management with deep learning (DL)-based diagnosis (HBESDM-DLD) model. The presented model involves distinct stages of operations such as encryption, optimal key generation, hyperledger blockchain-based secure data management, and diagnosis. The presented model allows the user to control access to data, permit the hospital authorities to read/write data, and alert emergency contacts. For encryption, SIMON block cipher technique is applied. At the same time, to improve the efficiency of the SIMON technique, a group teaching optimization algorithm (GTOA) is applied for the optimal key generation of the SIMON technique. Moreover, the sharing of medical data takes place using multi-channel hyperledger blockchain that utilizes a blockchain for storing patient visit data and for the medical institutions to record links for the EHRs saved in external databases. Once the data are decrypted at the receiving end, finally, variational autoencoder (VAE)-based diagnostic model is applied to detect the existence of the diseases. The performance validation of the HBESDM-DLD model takes place on benchmark medical dataset and the results are inspected under various performance measures. The experimental results proves that the HBESDM-DLD methodology is superior to state-of-the-art methods.

Extensive Analysis Of Internet Of Things Based Health Care Surveillance System Using Rfid Assisted Lightweight Cryptographic Methodology

Internet of Things (IoT) plays a vital role in Smart Applications such as Smart City Maintenance and Control, Health Care, Transportation, Defense Operations and so on. Compare to all of these mentioned applications Health care is the most significant and necessary application to take care with as well as the concern regarding patients and their belongings need to be monitor the patient health related summary from the remote end without any hurdle. This is possible with the help of Internet of Things, in which it enables the bridge between client end and the server end to track the health records clearly without any delay as well as providing the proper security mechanisms to the health records preserved into the server. In this paper, a new Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) enabled Lightweight Cryptographic Method (RFIDLCM) is introduced to provide proper security mechanisms to the health records preserved into the server end. In addition, it must be kept secure against abuse as well as authentication when storing the patient's record as other devices can easily be monitored. It is quite difficult to encrypt voluminous data encryption protocols because of restricted IoT devices. For this reason, Homomorphic encryption models are recommended and in this paper, a new block cipher technique has been proposed for the safe transmission of health information from such Internet of Things devices. The proposed approach is activated with the help of Smart Helath Monitoring Device interconnected with several health related sensors such as RFID Reader, ECG Sensor, Pressure Level Estimation Sensor and Temperature Sensor. All these sensors are integrated together to provide a proper solution to the health care surveillance scheme in an intelligent manner. The resulting emulations of this paper proves the efficiency of the proposed approach in clear manner with graphical representations. The proposed approach of RFIDLCM proves its efficiency with respect to the improvements in prediction accuracy levels, security levels, time concerns and the data transportation efficiency.

Suitable encrypting algorithms in Parallel Processing for improved efficiency

Cryptographic algorithms play a vital role in providing security to the data and from malicious attacks. Now a day’s storing the data in the Cloud became essential for organizations to reduce the overhead of securing the data within the organization. “Stream ciphers” are more vulnerable to attacks when compared to “Block Ciphers”. In this article we used java platform to evaluate and compare all the block cipher techniques used for converting plain text to cipher text and we have identified the best block cipher technique which can be used in cloud.

Secure Data Encryption Based on Quantum Walks for 5G Internet of Things Scenario

Fifth generation (5G) networks are the base communication technology for connecting objects in the Internet of Things (IoT) environment. 5G is being developed to provide extremely large capacity, robust integrity, high bandwidth, and low latency. With the development and innovating new techniques for 5G-IoT, it surely will drive to new enormous security and privacy challenges. Consequently, secure techniques for data transmissions will be needed as the basis for 5G-IoT technology to address these arising challenges. Therefore, various traditional security mechanisms are provided for 5G-IoT technologies and most of them are built on mathematical foundations. With the growth of quantum technologies, traditional cryptographic techniques may be compromised due to their mathematical computation based construction. Quantum walks (QWs) is a universal quantum computational model, which possesses inherent cryptographic features that can be utilized to build efficient cryptographic mechanisms. In this paper, we use the features of quantum walk to construct a new S-box method which plays a significant role in block cipher techniques for 5G-IoT technologies. As an application of the presented S-box mechanism and controlled alternate quantum walks (CAQWs) for 5G-IoT technologies a new robust video encryption mechanism is proposed. As well as to fulfill needs of encryption for varied files in 5G-IoT, we utilize the features of quantum walk to propose a novel encryption strategy for secure transmission of sensitive files in 5G-IoT paradigm. The analyses and results of the proposed cryptosystems show that it has better security properties and efficacy in terms of cryptographic performance.

Proposed A Permutation and Substitution Methods of Serpent Block Cipher

Block cipher technique is one of cryptography techniques to encrypt data block by block. The Serpent is one of AES candidates. It encrypts a 128-bit block by using 32 rounds of a similar calculation utilizing permutations and substitutions. Since the permutations and substitutions of it are static. Then this paper proposes dynamic methods for permutation, substitution and key generation based on chaotic maps to get more security. The proposed methods are analyzed and the results showed that they were able to exceed the weakness resulting from the use of static permutations and substitutions boxes in the original algorithm and also can reduce number of rounds and time usage compared with a classical Serpent block cipher algorithm

DNA Encoding and Channel Shuffling for Secured Encryption of Audio Data

Multimedia file like audio demands special encryption technique due to its large data capacity without compromising correlation between it’s original and encrypted version (closer to zero). Most of the popular block cipher techniques work on multiple rounds whereas the proposed scheme guarantees the necessary low correlation between the original and the encrypted file without multiple rounds. The unique feature is that the consecutive blocks use different keys derived from the original one using the proposed key chaining algorithm and experimental results show that the correlation between the consecutive keys is also close to zero. The used encryption technique is based on DNA encoding with logistic chaotic map using the generated chain of keys. Furthermore, the concept of channel shuffling is introduced to make the encrypted data more secure. The experimental results confirm that the correlation between the original and ciphered block is close to zero and number of samples change rate value is close to 100. Again correlation between the two consecutive ciphered blocks is also close to zero, which conforms the acceptability of proposed scheme.

Symmetric Key Cryptography using Dynamic Key and Linear Congruential Generator (LCG)

The present work deals with a new symmetric key cryptographic method using dynamic key. The demand for adequate security to electronic data system grows high over the decades. In the present work the authors have used the Linear Congruential Generator (LCG) for generating key. This is a block cipher technique. The advantage of the present method is that for every pair of encryption & decryption operation a new dynamic key is generated thus the process is very hard to break.The cryptography no longer relies on long term shared keys which are vulnerable under cryptanalysis attacks. It is impossible to detect patterns with which to perform cryptanalysis on the dynamic key.In the present work the authors have introduced concept of dynamic key with symmetric cryptography. Dynamic key is similar to one time pad. In this paper, a dynamic key theory is described and mathematically analyzed.In the present method author proposed a cryptography system in which four rounds of encryption & decryption are performed. In each round different parts of dynamic key are applied in order to make it hard against cryptanalysis attacks.