Schools For Blind Research Articles

Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment and Blindness Among Students of Blind Schools of Bihar, India

Aim: Visual impairment and blindness are serious public health issues, especially in developing countories, like India. Data on causes of childhood visual impairment and blindness in Bihar are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness in blind schools of Bihar Study design: A cross sectional study was done in seven blind schools of Bihar Methods: Seven blind schools were visited after taking permission from principal. Written informed consent from parents was taken. Detailed ocular and systemic examination was done for all 218 students. Comprehensive eye examinations were performed, including distance visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment examinations, refraction, color vision, and visual field testing. Anatomical and etiological categorization of causes of visual impairment/Blindness was done. Results: A total 218 students were examined. 90.82% of students were blind and 9.17% severely visually impaired. Major anatomical causes of visual impairment and blindness were Microphthalmos (24.31%), Anophthalmos (23.39%), Optic Atrophy (9.63%) and Corneal Scar (7.80%). Etiologically the most common cause was of unknown etiology followed by postnatal factors. Preventable or treatable causes, such as glaucoma, cataract, and refractive errors, represented 22.48% of the cases Conclusion: Blindness and Low vision due to congenital ocular conditions affecting whole globe was the most common cause, further population based studies are needed to know the exact magnitude of problem and to make strategies to decrease the incidence. There is a need to strengthen current primary preventions strategies while tertiary referral centers, Low Vision setups, awareness program regarding Low Vision, special education, rehabilitation, ocular disability benefits and many more things need to be set up in the different health zones of the state to manage childhood preventable and avoidable blindness.

Analysis of training and visualization of proposed mathematical symbols for blind students

The present life has become challenging. In this highly competitive world, it has become very difficult for normal people to compete. If normal people are to struggle in extreme, then it’s really difficult to imagine what complications the visually impaired face. The hardships and struggles faced by the visually impaired are in learning mathematics. In this study, effort is made to lessen the challenges faced by the students to learn advance level of mathematics. In this research, the focus is given to the mathematical symbols which have been categorized based on the functionality. An effort is made to present the symbol in a shape very close to the actual shape of the symbol. This will align the conceptual and advance learning without any variation for the blind students. To make this research effective, the research was implemented in two blind schools, one in Punjab and one in Chandigarh. A new framework is designed for training purposes based on the system followed in both blind schools. Training was imparted in both the schools and analysis was done on the outcome to show how much the new framework will be effective for the visually impaired students. To comprehend the effectiveness of the research, analysis was done on blind students, the teachers, and the parents.

Prevalence and Cause of Childhood Blindness: A Systematic Review

Childhood blindness is defined as a group of eye diseases occurring in childhood or early adolescence. Good parental knowledge of childhood blindness is important for early detection and management of the lifelong burden. The aim: This study aims to provide an explanation and prevent children with blindness and visual impairment Methods: By comparing itself to the standards set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. So, the experts were able to make sure that the study was as up-to-date as it was possible to be. For this search approach, publications that came out between 2013 until 2023 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed and SagePub, were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done. Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 1751 articles, whereas the results of our search on SagePub brought up 120 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2013 yielded a total 11 articles for PubMed and 8 articles for SagePub. In the end, we compiled a total of 5 papers, 4 of which came from PubMed and 1 of which came from SagePub. We included five research that met the criteria. Conclusion: The causes of childhood blindness from the available blind school studies revealed that causes of childhood blindness have mainly shifted from corneal causes to whole globe abnormalities.
 

PREVALENCE AND CAUSE OF CHILDHOOD BLINDNESS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Childhood blindness is defined as a group of eye diseases occurring in childhood or early adolescence. Good parental knowledge of childhood blindness is important for early detection and management of the lifelong burden. The aim: This study aims to provide an explanation and prevent children with blindness and visual impairment Methods: By comparing itself to the standards set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. So, the experts were able to make sure that the study was as up-to-date as it was possible to be. For this search approach, publications that came out between 2013 until 2023 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed and SagePub, were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done. Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 1751 articles, whereas the results of our search on SagePub brought up 120 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2013 yielded a total 11 articles for PubMed and 8 articles for SagePub. In the end, we compiled a total of 5 papers, 4 of which came from PubMed and 1 of which came from SagePub. We included five research that met the criteria. Conclusion: The causes of childhood blindness from the available blind school studies revealed that causes of childhood blindness have mainly shifted from corneal causes to whole globe abnormalities.

Prevalence of Ocular Syndrome in Blind Schools of Gujarat

Prevalence of Ocular Syndrome in Blind Schools of Gujarat

Developing a training program in reading and writing Braille symbols in English language for students with visual disability in low elementary grades and measuring its effectiveness

The objective of this study is to identify the impact of a training program in Reading and Writing Braille symbols in English language for students with visual disability in the elementary stage in Jordan. Participants are 60 students with visual disability, from Grades 1–6, studying at the blind school in Abdoun. Members were divided into two groups: control and experimental. In order to evaluate the efficacy of the training program, the researcher developed a scale to measure pre- and post-ability to read and write Braille symbols in English language. Means and standard deviations were calculated for both groups. Analysis was carried out using two-way analysis of variance. The results indicate statistically significant differences on reading and writing dimensions and on the total score, as well as on the post training results in favor of the experimental group indicating significant impact of the training program. The results did not show any significant differences between blind and partial visual disability in the experimental group on reading and writing scores and on the total score. Findings demonstrated the efficacy of the training program, which introduced reading and writing in a simple and interesting way according to certain levels ranging in difficulty, in addition to using different forms of reinforcement to motivate students. As for the implications for practitioners, teachers in inclusive schools of schools of visually disabled students can use the training program to teach both blind and partially sighted students reading and writing English Braille using both the hands.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ELECTRE METHOD IN DETERMINING THE DIRECTOR OF THE SUMATERA BLIND FOUNDATION

A director is a position held by someone in an agency or institution. The head of an institution engaged in special education, namely the Extraordinary School, is responsible for managing the school, so many criteria must be met and selected. Determination of the director requires a method to be more efficient, and the results are more valid. This study aims to implement the ELECTRE method to elect administrators at blind education schools at the Sumatra Blind Education Foundation. The ELECTRE method can be used when alternatives that do not fit the criteria are removed and the appropriate alternative is selected. The criteria for being a director are having ability in visual impairment, ability as a leader, psychological test results, ability to speak English and the results of interviews with HBM Germany. Implementing the ELECTRE method provides a sequence of choices for each alternative; if the number of ecl = 1 is more significant, the alternative is better. The results showed that of the four alternatives as director candidates, alternative A1 was the better choice, while alternatives A2, A3 and A4 were eliminated.

Tracing Disabled Children’s Lives in 19th-Century Scotland through Public and Institutional Records

Records of asylums, schools, and benevolent organisations that intervened in the lives of disabled children in Scotland during the long nineteenth century have survived to varying degrees in public and institutional archives. This might suggest the existence of detailed primary source material that stands in contrast to the sparse data about those disabled children who ‘escaped’ the attention of organisations that aimed to support and direct their lives. However, the records of these formal organisations are inconsistent in what they reveal about the lives of the children under their patronage. This article explores the challenges presented by the records of three organisations, namely, the Scottish National Institution for the Education of Imbecile Children in Larbert, Edinburgh’s Gayfield Square blind school, and East Park Home for Aiding Infirm Children in the Maryhill district of Glasgow. Among the deficiencies of surviving institutional records are the frequent paucity of insights into the lives of their young residents. This article will consider how some of their life journeys can nonetheless be researched by marshalling data from the likes of mandatory registration records and decennial census enumerators’ books. In addition to benefits afforded to genealogists, such records provide historians with materials from which disabled lives can be reconstructed and analysed.

Assessment of oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices among school teachers training visually impaired children

ABSTRACT Background: Visual impairment is a significant disability that affects a sizable section of the population worldwide. Children with sensory deficiencies are more likely to experience oral health neglect and challenges to receiving proper dental treatment. There is a major lack of information about the state of oral health and the treatments that are needed for this population in a growing nation like India. It is crucial to raise schoolchildren’s awareness of oral health issues. The dissemination of information on the causes and prevention of common oral disorders can be greatly aided by school instructors. A school-based program is most successful because it targets kids as they develop good health behaviors. Objective: The objectives were to determine the knowledge of school teachers training visually impaired children about the causes and prevention of dental caries and gingival diseases and to know about their interest and willingness to participate in oral health education programs. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire consisting of 12 close-ended questions on oral health knowledge and practices was formulated and distributed among 100 school teachers in a blind school in Noida, India. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using Microsoft Excel. Results: The school had limited knowledge on oral health. Out of the total number of teachers interviewed, only 50% were aware of what does gum bleeding means and only 40% were aware that the health of the mouth and dentition impact the health of the body. Conclusion: Overall, school teachers have inadequate oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. It is imperative to improve school teachers’ attitudes and understanding about oral health, including their awareness of different oral cavity issues and strategies for preventing dental disorders.

Causes of Low Vision and Blindness in Vision Rehabilitation Centres and Blind School in Urban and Rural Population of Bangalore-Karnataka.

Causes of Low Vision and Blindness in Vision Rehabilitation Centres and Blind School in Urban and Rural Population of Bangalore-Karnataka.

시각장애아의 리터러시 향상을 위한 디멘션 확장의 3D프린팅 명화감상 교구 개발 및 적용 효과

The dimension-expanded 3D printing art appreciation teaching aid developed in this study is a 3D printer that layers famous paintings that have been unable to appreciate touch due to their flat shape in the order of “background, sub-topic, and subject.” In other words, unlike the method of putting famous paintings on a single layer, it was organized to facilitate understanding of the concept of dimension by separating people, objects, and spaces for each layer. As a result of applying it to two blind schools over a total of three years from 2020 to 2022, students with starting disabilities can understand that famous paintings, which have been composed in a flat form, were produced through the principle of stacking and accumulation. This understanding of masterpiece production made it possible to have an interest in the artist and the times at the time, confirming that this parish could be used as a literacy cultivation tool for blind children to understand the world. In particular, the developed teaching aids and textbooks were evaluated to be able to meet the timeliness and necessity in the special education field as they were provided as auxiliary media for educational programs based on demand.

Assessment of Oral Hygiene Status and Prevalence of Dental Caries and Traumatic Injuries to Anterior Teeth among Visually Impaired Children in Chennai City.

To assess the oral hygiene status and prevalence of dental caries and trauma to anterior teeth among visually impaired children in Chennai city. Settings and design-a cross-sectional study was conducted in institutionalized blind schoolchildren. A total of 130 children from two blind schools were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Oral hygiene status was assessed using the oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S). Dental caries were assessed using decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) and decayed, extracted due to carries, filled teeth (deft) index for permanent and primary dentition, respectively. Trauma to anterior teeth was assessed using Ellis and Davey classification. Statistical analysis used-all the data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software 20.0. The assessment of oral hygiene status showed that 54.6% of children had good oral hygiene, 45.4% had fair oral hygiene, and none had poor oral hygiene. The prevalence of dental caries in permanent and primary dentition was found to be 40 and 63.1%, respectively. The prevalence of trauma to anterior teeth was found to be 35.4%. Primary prevention approaches should be taught to parents and school teachers for early intervention of oral health problems. Kannappan J, Srinivasan D, Chiriyankandath JL, et al. Assessment of Oral Hygiene Status and Prevalence of Dental Caries and Traumatic Injuries to Anterior Teeth among Visually Impaired Children in Chennai City. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(1):93-96.

Does Audio Drama Improve Knowledge and Practice Regarding Personal Hygiene Among Visually Impaired Children

Personal hygiene includes brushing, bathing, hand hygiene, and adequate sleep. Personal hygiene health promotion practices are frequently like general health promotion practices. Brushing, bathing, hand hygiene, and getting enough sleep are all examples of specific health promotion related to good personal hygiene. However, children who are blind or visually impaired children are more likely to contract an infection due to poor personal hygiene. The objectives were to assess the Knowledge and Practice regarding Personal hygiene among visually impaired children. To evaluate the effectiveness of Audio drama on knowledge regarding Personal hygiene. To associate the Knowledge and Practice regarding Personal hygiene with a selected demographic variable of visually impaired children. The study employed a pre-experimental research design. The research was carried out at Cuddalore's Government Blind School. Visually impaired children 30 numbers were included in the study. The sample was chosen using a simple random sampling technique. A structured interview questionnaire and checklist were used to assess the knowledge and practice of visually impaired children for data collection. The audio drama covers the introduction to personal hygiene, problems caused by poor personal hygiene practices, and proper personal hygiene practices. After seven days, a posttest was conducted. According to the findings, 21 (70%) of visually impaired children had insufficient knowledge in the pretest, but all 30 (100%) of visually impaired children had adequate knowledge in the posttest. In terms of percentage of practice, 14 (46%) of visually impaired children had fair practice in the pretest, and all 30 (100%) had good practice in the posttest. 2. The p-value was highly significant at p >0.001 level for the effectiveness of audio drama on knowledge and practice of personal hygiene between the pretest and posttest. It implied that audio drama was effective for visually impaired children. To conclude, the findings suggest that audio drama can help visually impaired children improve their knowledge and practice of personal hygiene.

What do eye care workers do when their patients go blind?

Sometimes even with the best efforts by the eye care worker (ECW), patients cannot be stopped from losing vision even in the best of centers anywhere in the world. However, in developing countries, most vision loss happens in rural and suburban areas away from where ECWs are majorly located due to poor facilities, adverse living conditions, and poverty. Once irreversible blindness happens, rehabilitation should follow. However, the numbers of those who are not referred for rehabilitation by far outstrips those who are, for various reasons. To find out why this is so, 150 ECWs with 1:2 M:F ratio were contacted through Google links sent through WhatsApp groups. Glaucoma was statistically the commonest cause of irreversible blindness (χ2 = 66.17, p-value < .0001) mostly from late presentation ( n = 146 of 150 responses, 97.7%). When patients go blind, most ( n = 132, 87.4%) of the ECW advise them to go to a blind school (81.2%). Only about a quarter of the respondents properly ensure that they go. A third admitted ( n = 78, 39%) that knowing the patients personally improved their willingness to refer. Many do not think the government is doing enough to help the blind ( n = 118, 78.7%). Even though many ECWs have given sensitization talks on blindness (124 of 164 responses), very few focus on what happens after blindness occurs (42.4% of respondents). A third of the ECW admitted to not doing enough for the blind in their practice ( n = 51, 34%). Majority have, however, heard about The Lens Eye Clinic (TLEC) rehab center, one of the foremost rehabilitation centers for the blind in Nigeria ( n = 103, 68.7%). ECW should ensure those who live in rural areas have poor socioeconomic background, less educated, female, elderly, or born blind should have regular screening and awareness programs in the areas of practice to catch the condition on time with provision made for early counseling and support services.

Case Report from Liyang China: Innovative Virtual Learning without Video Connectivity, Inspired by Blind Schools

Case Report from Liyang China: Innovative Virtual Learning without Video Connectivity, Inspired by Blind Schools

Evaluation of the etiologies and rehabilitation status of patients with blindness: A prospective observational study

ABSTRACT Objective: Preventive measures and appropriate rehabilitation are important in reducing the social burden of blindness. This study was to evaluate the etiologies, proportions, and level of rehabilitation for patients with blindness. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study with 1000 visually impaired patients was conducted. The data regarding age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), etiologies, curable or incurable blindness (IB), treatments, awareness, and state of rehabilitation were collected and reviewed. Results: The ratio of curable to IB was 0.82:1. The proportion of blindness rises after 40, even while the proportion of curable blindness (CB) increases after 60. The male–female ratios were 1.25:1 and 1:1.66 in the cases of CB and IB, respectively. On the other hand, the male–female ratio for childhood blindness was 1.66:1. Cataracts (78.22%) were the most common cause of CB, whereas diabetic retinopathy (24%), corneal opacity (17.5%), and trauma (12.4%) were causes of IB. Patients with illiteracy, low SES, and female gender were more likely to develop IB. There were low enrollment rates at the blind school and poor rehabilitation, mainly because of a lack of knowledge. Conclusion: Diabetic retinopathy, corneal opacity, and trauma are the major causes of IB. IB and poor rehabilitation were more profound in women and were associated with illiteracy, low SES, and a lack of awareness.

How Visually Challenged People Understand the Film with Audio Description

This research study focuses on how Audio description helps the visually challenged students to understand the narration of a movie, The researcher used qualitative research method to collect the data, he conducted an in-depth interview with 52 visually challenged school students who are aged between 10 to 16 years old from poonamalli blind school which is in Chennai. The researcher took convenience sampling which is a type of non probability sampling method in drawing the population. The researcher conducts screening of a episode from a Tamil web series named Suzhal the vortex with and without Audio Description.The researcher asks 25 open-ended questions and collect information from every 52 participants individually. The researcher finds that the research is successful in finding out results positively using Audio Description.

Metode Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus Tunanetra SLB A Yaketunis Yogyakarta

Children with special needs are children who have characteristics that are not the same as children in general. Students who have abnormalities in the eyes are called blind children. Abnormalities in the eyes that cannot see are caused by genetic factors and also accident factors. Blind students in learning need to use assistive devices such as regred and pen for writing Braille letters on paper. Educators in learning need to use different methods from students in general so that it is easily understood by blind children. Islamic religious education needs to be conveyed to blind students so that they have a high spiritual attitude, are able to carry out worship well and also understand the learning material properly and correctly. The learning methods delivered to blind students are lectures, audiotorials, question and answer and practice. This study aims to determine the learning methods of Islamic religious education for blind children at SLB A Yaketunis Yogyakarta. The data collection technique uses a qualitative approach. Qualitative method is a process to find and examine in the research process based on an event. In this study, it examines a variety of fairly complex descriptions and also includes reports from respondents' views directly according to the existing situation. This study uses two types of data, namely primary and secondary data. Which primary data was obtained from respondents directly at the blind inclusion school SLB A Yaketunis Yogyakarta.

Innovative Knowledge Management Tool of the Visually Impaired Students’ Mental Health Care for Teachers, Parents and Public Health Personnel

Research on innovative knowledge management tool of the visually impaired students’ mental health care for teachers, parents and public health personnel is an academic investigation for research and development purpose. Knowledge management was employed in the early stage of the investigation. The objectives of this study were comprised of 1) developing an innovation to be used by teachers, parents, and public health personnel to provide support to the visually impaired children; 2) sharing knowledge regarding mental health support of the visually impaired students to vision teachers, parents, and relevant public health personnel; and 3) outlining a number of approaches for mental health support to visually impaired children. This study began with an interview with relevant individuals to identify various issues of innovative development with knowledge management. A knowledge management team was formed with participating blind schools which aimed to measure the knowledge level of each school, to design and develop an innovation, to provide access to the knowledge and to identify methods for knowledge sharing. The innovation was adopted in five schools, where the presentation of the investigation results, and knowledge sharing forums were required. There were three main findings: 1) the innovative knowledge management tool was perceived as a handbook with both regular font and braille codes for teachers, parents, and public health personnel to assist visually impaired children with their mental health. The E1/E2 efficiency score of the handbook was 83.55/82.36 which was higher than the stated requirements; 2) Teachers, parents, and public health personnel received a statistically significant higher mean score of cognitive disabilities in mental health support of visually impaired children after the use of the handbook at the.05 level; and 3) a policy recommendation at school, Education Area Office, and Department of Mental Health served as a guideline of mental health support for children with visual impairment.

Comparing the Two Educational Systems for Visually Impaired Students in Sudan: Pros and Cons

Students with visual impairment in Sudan are usually accepted into residential segregated schools during their pre-high school years. This schooling system remains a subject of excessive debate among those interested in this field of study. This debate is part of an ongoing conversation and discussion on the merits and demerits of integrating disabled children with non-disabled peers at regular schools. This study aimed to answer three main questions pertaining to this subject. The first one tackles whether the placement of visually impaired students in specialized schools for the blind in Sudan (henceforth specialized schools) serves their education best. The second compares the advantages and disadvantages of integrating this group of students into regular schools as opposed to separating them into specialized schools. The third question is concerned with the competencies which the teachers at the Sudanese General Basic School should have in order to fulfill the requirements of the inclusive education setting. Interviews were conducted with a group of 20 participants; 10 of these were students who joined schools for the blind and regular schools in Sudan, while the remaining participants were teachers and personnel in the field of education for the visually impaired in Sudan. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview data, which revealed that students with visual impairment, teachers who work in specialized schools, and the group of special education officials who participated in this study were in favor of inclusive education at regular schools after securing the necessary educational needs for these students to access school curricula equal to their sighted peers. Many practical solutions and suggestions have been presented to enhance the education of the visually impaired in Sudan.