Antonio Buero Vallejo, author of serious and deeply moving philosophical and psychological plays, is recognized as one of the most outstanding dramatists in Spain today.x Endowed with an innate sense of theater, he is an original craftsman who utilizes fully all the resources of dramatic art. One interesting and revealing aspect of his art is his use of sound, which is an important dramatic element in all of his two-and three-act plays performed and published between 1949 and 1955 except the first, La historia de una escalera (1949). An analysis of his use of sound as music and of non-musical sound, chronologically by plays, brings to light significant changes in technique indicative of increasing maturity. Music is introduced in the most strikingly dramatic and symbolic manner in En la ardiente oscuridad (1950). Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata is played over the loudspeaker of the school for the blind from the moment when the destructive influence of the new student, Ignacio, begins to be felt. The sonata, which creates a powerful mood of melancholy and despair, is an excellent musical accompaniment for the bitterness and loneliness of Ignacio, the growing uneasiness and unhappiness of the students, who sense the breakdown of the intimate bond between them, and the weakening of their moral de acero as a result of Ignacio's attacks on their optimistic philosophy of life. In Act II Ignacio defiantly rejects Carlos' plea that he cease destroying the morale of the students. Left alone on stage, Ignacio whistles melancholically a few notes of the sonata. The choice of the music of Beethoven, the tragic grappler with fate to whom music was a vehicle of expression of emotion, and of this particular piece of music, is very effective. Throughout the sonata there is a persistent feeling of agitation, distress, and urgency, and of indefinable loneliness and anguish. Popular legend has it that the sonata was inspired in part by a blind boy. In Act III Grieg's Death of Aase, played on a silent stage while off stage Carlos is killing Ignacio, expresses with poignant intensity the deep pathos of the situation. This selection, from the Peer Gynt Suite, composed at Ibsen's request for a stage adaptation of his Peer Gynt and therefore closely attuned to its mood and thought, suggests a slight and ironical parallel between Peer and Carlos in their futile effort to defend themselves from reality and its disturbing problems. Peer's fertile poetic imagination creates the wild fantasy of himself as the driver of a chariot which