Bleaching Process Research Articles

Extraction and Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Date Palm Fibers using Successive Chemical Treatments

The aim of present study is to extract microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from fruit bunch branches fibers of Algerian date palm trees (phoenix dactylifera L) as biofiber for reinforcing green composite and thus replace synthetic fibers in various applications. The extraction of MCC from date palm fibers passed via serial chemical treatments, including alkali, bleaching and acid hydrolysis process. Subsequently, several analyses were implemented to determine the characteristics of each sample prepared at different stages of treatment. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed the effectiveness in removing substantial amorphous components of lignin and hemicellulose from date palm fibers. Altered and irregular shaped morphology of microfibrils with slightly rougher surface was observed for microcrystalline date palm fibers (MCC-DP) through scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) presents the increasing of the crystallinity from 55% in raw date palm (R-DP) to 76.26% in MCC-DP. Also, the results of TGA and DSC indicate the MCC-DP has greater thermal stability than that of R-DP, A-DP and B-DP fibers. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using date palm waste (fruit bunch branches fibers) to extract a good reinforcing material (MCC) with high properties and low cost, which qualifies its use in composite materials. Also, it can be transformed into nano-scale for isolating nanocrystalline cellulose with the aim of using it, in the future to produce ecofriendly bionanocomposites in different fields of applications, biomedical, pharmaceutical and packaging.

Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Residual Soybean Oil from Spent Bleaching Earth

Spent bleaching earth (SBE) which is generated from bleaching process is a valuable industrial waste of edible vegetable oil production because of residual edible vegetable oil absorbed. The residual oil in spent bleaching earth can be recovered and reused for application in the industries such as the production of biodiesel and lubricant. Currently, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique is widely used because this method has a shorter extraction time and less solvent consumption when compared with traditional methods. In this study, MAE combined with solvent reflux was optimized using solvent screening experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain the highest yield of MAE extraction of residual soybean oil from spent bleaching earth. The extraction yield of residual soybean oil obtained from selected solvent were hexane-ethanol mixture (2:1 v/v, 10.19%) > hexane-ethanol mixture (1:1 v/v, 10.00%) >hexane-ethanol mixture (1:2 v/v, 9.98%) > hexane-ethanol mixture (1:3 v/v, 9.83%) > hexane-ethanol mixture (3:1 v/v, 8.59%) > hexane (8.17%) > acetone (7.73%). The regression coefficient (R-squared = 0.9852) expresses the accuracy of the regression and indicates the relationship between experimental data and predicted result, with high regression coefficient close to 1, which is remarkably desired. The experiment conditions for optimal MAE extraction of residual soybean oil from SBE were hexane-ethanol mixture (2:1 v/v), liquid to solid ratio 15.56:1 mL/g, extraction time 12.22 min, and microwave power 350 W. Under such conditions, the highest predicted value of the extraction yield of residual soybean oil was 10.43%.

Simultaneous Pretreatment Process on The Isolation of Cellulose Mycrocrystalline from Oil Palm empty Fruit Bunches

This research was aimed to evaluate the isolation of cellulose derived from empty fruit bunches (EFB), especially to increase the purity of cellulose content by subsequent pretreatment process involving delignification using NaOH followed by bleaching process using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The result showed that the cellulose content of the raw EFB content at 37.6% ± 0.3 w/w increased to 89.2% ± 0.4 w/w after the simultaneous pretreatment process. Moreover, after the simultaneous of bleaching process using H2O2, the lignin content can be reduced up to 3.1% ± 0.1 w/w which similar to cellulose standard (2.7% ± w/w). The utilization of simultaneous pretreatment process can also reduce the hemicellulose content from 23.9% ± 0.3 w/w (raw EFB) to 7.7% ± 0.2 w/w even lower than the cellulose standard (13.1% w/w). FTIR spectrum showed that the peak absorption of cellulose increased significantly upon the simultaneous process of delignification-bleaching. Morphological changes of the raw EFB compared to pre-treated EFB as a note by SEM analysis showed the significant transformation from the larger size and tightly bundles of micro-fibril cellulose into smaller size and individually separated micro-fibrils. Further through the simultaneous process exhibited yield at 80-85%, high crystallinity (70-80%), and good thermal stability in terms of Tonset at about 230-290 °C. From these results, it can be concluded that the subsequent pretreatment process involving NaOH delignification and H2O2 bleaching processes more likely offer a high selectivity of cellulose microcrystalline from lignocellulosic biomass material by simultaneous reduction of the hemicellulose and lignin content without disrupting the structure of cellulose.Keywords: bleaching; cellulose; delignified; microcrystalline cellulose; oil palm empty fruit bunches

Combined Scouring and Bleaching of Cotton/Linen Blends by a Near-Neutral Activated Peroxide System

The simultaneous scouring and bleaching of cotton/linen blends was performed in a near-neutral activated peroxide system (pH = 7.2). A response surface quadratic model (RSQM) based on the central composite design (CCD) was established to investigate and optimise the bleaching performance. Research results showed that hydrophobic impurities in the blends had little impact on the bleaching. Temperature was the most significant factor affecting the fabric’s whiteness index (WI), followed by the concentration and duration of the activator tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED). The optimised process was performed at 70 °C for 40 min, incorporating 20 mmol/l of TAED and 42 mmol/l of H2O2. Compared with the conventional process carried out at 95 °C for 60 min and adding 80 mmol/l H2O2, the activation process provided the fabric with comparable WI and wettability, a smoother and cleaner microcosmic surface, as well as the advantages of saving energy and preserving fabric. This study confirmed the feasibility of an efficient one-step process for neutral scouring and bleaching.

Effect of the bleaching and varnishing process on the flame source combustion light intensity of wood material

Bu calisma, ahsap malzemede renk acma ve vernikleme isleminin alev kaynakli yanmada isik yogunluguna etkilerini belirlemek amaciyla yapilmistir. Bu maksatla, Dogu kayini (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), saricam (Pinus sylvestris Lipsky) ve Sapsiz mese (Querqus petraea Liebl.) odunlarindan ASTM D 358 esaslarina uyularak hazirlanan orneklere sodyum hidroksit (NaOH), hidrojen peroksit (H2O2), kalsiyum hidroksit (Ca(OH)2), sodyum silikat (NaSiO3), asetik asit (CH3COOH), sodyum disulfit (Na2S2O5), oksalik asit (C2H2O4) ve potasyum permanganat (KMnO4)’in % 18’lik cozeltisi ile renk acma islemi yapildiktan sonra, ASTM D3023 esaslarina gore su bazli (Sb), sentetik (Sn), poliuretan (Pu) ve akrilik (Av) vernikler uygulanmis ve isik yogunlugu ASTM E 160–50 esaslarina gore belirlenmistir. Sonuc olarak, isik yogunlugu; ahsap turu, renk acma cozeltisi ve vernik cesidi etkilesimine gore en fazla KMnO4+Na2S2O5+H2O2 (R5) ile rengi acilmis sentetik vernikli kayinda gorulurken, en az Na2S2O5+C2H2O4 (R4) ile rengi acilmis akrilik vernikli saricamda elde edilmistir. Buna gore isik yogunlugu en az olan ornekler, yanginda dumandan bogulma riskini arttirabileceklerinden uygulama alanlarinda bu durumun dikkate alinmasi onerilebilir.

Impacts of the bleaching and varnishing process on the collapse time in combustion of oriental beech and scots pine woods

Bu çalışma, renk açma ve vernikleme işleminin bazı ağaç malzemelerde yanmada yıkılma sürelerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu maksatla; Doğu kayını (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) ve sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris Lipsky) odunlarından ASTM D 358’e göre hazırlanan örneklere Sodyum hidroksit (NaOH), Hidrojen peroksit (H2O2), Kalsiyum hidroksit (Ca(OH)2) ve Sodyum silikat (NaSiO3)’ın %18’lik çözeltisi ile renk açma işlemi yapıldıktan sonra ASTM D 3023’ e göre su bazlı (Sb), sentetik (Sn), poliüretan (Pü) ve akrilik vernikler (Av) ile kaplanmıştır. Hazırlanan örneklerin yanmada yıkılma süreleri ASTM E 160-50’ye göre belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak yıkılma süresi (sn) ağaç türü düzeyinde en yüksek Doğu kayınında (877.6 sn), en düşük sarıçamda (570 sn), vernik düzeyinde en yüksek poliüretan (776.7 sn)’de, en düşük su bazlı (563.1 sn), renk açma maddesi düzeyinde en yüksek R5 (800.3 sn)’de, en düşük R2 (645 sn)’de bulunmuştur. Yanmada yıkılma süresi, ağaç türü, vernik çeşidi ve renk açma çözeltisi etkileşimine göre en uzun süre I+R4+Sb (1260 sn)’de, en kısa süreler ise I+R3+St (630 sn) kombinasyonunda elde edilmiştir. Buna göre yangın riski söz konusu olan kullanım yerlerinde Doğu kayını odunu R4 renk açma çözeltisi + Su bazlı vernik kombinasyonu önerilebilir.

Processing impact on tocopherols and triglycerides composition of soybean oil and its deodorizer distillate evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography.

In the present study, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the separation of tocopherols and triglycerides of processed soybean oil and deodorizer distillate (DD). The results of normal and reversed-phase modes of HPLC revealed that concentrations of tocopherols and triglycerides content were decreased during the neutralization, bleaching, and deodorization processes. The loss of individual tocopherols ranged between 55.16% and 63.25%. During processing, triglycerides containing stearic-oleic-linoleic (SOL) moieties and palmitic-palmitic-linoleic (PPL) fragments showed greater reduction up to 38.14% and 37.69%, respectively. Among tocopherols and triglycerides; γ-tocopherol and oleic-oleic-oleic (OOO) were found to be in greater concentrations 5.53% and 19.78%, respectively in DD as compared to their counterparts. A maximum reduction of tocopherols was observed in the deodorization step. DD was found to be a rich source of bioactive components; therefore, it could be used for many industrial applications including pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and food industries.

Synthesis and characterization of Photochromic inkless coating based on WO3-Titania nanocomposite under sun light and solar simulation condition

A highly efficient and surfactant free hydrothermal method is adopted to synthesis tungsten trioxide (WO3) modified Titania (TiO2) composite for direct visible light photochromic applications. The physico chemical characterization of anatase phase formation confirmed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman Spectroscopy. The different weight percent amount of tungsten trioxide incorporated into TiO2 nanocomposite have been studied for coloration and bleaching property under in the presence and absence of visible light irradiation. The as prepared composite form of WO3-Titania shows efficient and stable cycle performance up to 15 cycles at various time intervals. The Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the largely consisting of square and small circular like particles formation and each square and spherical shapes. The photochromic response of the materials increases in the order of WO3/TiO2(0.5:1)> WO3/TiO2 (1:1)> >WO3/TiO2-2(1:2) and in the case of WO3/TiO2-3(1:3) and WO3/TiO2-(1:4) are consumed little more time for coloration and bleaching process. The cycle stability and color transformation have also been studied for efficient WO3/TiO2 (WT-2) sample under direct sun light and in controlled solar simulator reaction condition.

Biobleaching: An eco-friendly approach to reduce chemical consumption and pollutants generation

Abstract The pulp and paper industry is known to be a large contributor to environmental pollution due to the huge consumption of chemicals and energy. Several chemicals including H2SO4, Cl2, ClO2, NaOH, and H2O2 are used during the bleaching process. These chemicals react with lignin and carbohydrates to generate a substantial amount of pollutants in bleach effluents. Environmental pressure has compelled the pulp and paper industry to reduce pollutant generation from the bleaching section. Enzymes have emerged as simple, economical, and eco-friendly alternatives for bleaching of pulp. The pretreatment of pulp with enzymes is termed as biobleaching or pre-bleaching. Different microbial enzymes such as xylanases, pectinases, laccases, manganese peroxidases (MnP), and lignin peroxidases are used for biobleaching. Xylanases depolymerize the hemicelluloses precipitated on pulp fiber surfaces and improves the efficiency of bleaching chemicals. Xylanase treatment also increases the pulp fibrillation and reduces the beating time of the pulp. Pectinases hydrolyze pectin available in the pulp fibers and improve the papermaking process. Laccase treatment is found more effective along with mediator molecules (as a laccase-mediator system). Biobleaching of pulp results in the superior quality of pulp along with lower consumption of chlorine-based chemicals and lower generation of adsorbable organic halidesadsorbable organic halides (AOX. An enzyme pretreatment reduces the kappa number of pulp and improves ISO brightness significantly. Better physical strength properties and pulp viscosity have also been observed during biobleaching of pulp.

Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose Isolated from Conocarpus Fiber.

Conocarpus fiber is an abundantly available and sustainable cellulosic biomass. With its richness in cellulose content, it is potentially used for manufacturing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a cellulose derivative product with versatile industrial applications. In this work, different samples of bleached fiber (CPBLH), alkali-treated fiber (CPAKL), and acid-treated fiber (CPMCC) were produced from Conocarpus through integrated chemical process of bleaching, alkaline cooking, and acid hydrolysis, respectively. Characterizations of samples were carried out with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared-Ray (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). From morphology study, the bundle fiber feature of CPBLH disintegrated into micro-size fibrils of CPMCC, showing the amorphous compounds were substantially removed through chemical depolymerization. Meanwhile, the elemental analysis also proved that the traces of impurities such as cations and anions were successfully eliminated from CPMCC. The CPMCC also gave a considerably high yield of 27%, which endowed it with great sustainability in acting as alternative biomass for MCC production. Physicochemical analysis revealed the existence of crystalline cellulose domain in CPMCC had contributed it 75.7% crystallinity. In thermal analysis, CPMCC had stable decomposition behavior comparing to CPBLH and CPAKL fibers. Therefore, Conocarpus fiber could be a promising candidate for extracting MCC with excellent properties in the future.

Tray bleaching status and insights.

To provide an update on tray bleaching for various tooth discoloration conditions, including a complete examination form as well as an information and consent form. Since the bleaching process was first documented in 1989, it has become a safe, successful, and conservative treatment for consistently whitening the color of patients' natural teeth. Though initially used on a limited basis, the process has expanded to include bleaching nicotine and tetracycline stains, single dark teeth, brown spots, reducing white spots, caries control as well as color change from aging. Ten percent carbamide peroxide is the material most used in research and has shown to be the most effective with the least amount of adverse side effects, including sensitivity or gingival irritation. Bleaching overnight using a smooth nonscalloped, nonreservoir vacuum-formed tray has been shown to be the method of choice for most clinicians, leading to greater patient compliance and an overall successful treatment. When possible, conservative bleaching treatment should be considered prior to more invasive, irreversible procedures such as veneers, or crowns to meet patients' esthetic requirements. Because of its basic pH, and potential for caries inhibition, complete restorative treatment does not have to be performed prior to initiating bleaching, making it an extremely flexible treatment. With a thorough bleaching analysis, proper treatment of appropriate discolorations over an ideal timeframe, tray bleaching is a powerfully predictable tool in restorative dentistry. Tray bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide should be the first consideration for treatment of discolorations of any type, with varying times of treatment, even in the presence of mild decay.

Real-Time Monitoring of Electrochromic Memory Loss of Layered α-MoO3 Nanoplates

Combined in situ cyclic electrochemical and UV–vis spectroscopic methods were employed to monitor the memory loss of electrochromic properties of layered α-MoO3 nanoplates. The time-resolved characteristics of this in situ study allowed for the quantification of changes in charge and optical densities as a function of electrochemical potential over time. Lithium ions trapped in the crystalline lattice of α-MoO3 during the bleaching process, along with the irreversible reduction of Mo6+ to Mo5+, govern the memory loss responsible for the degradation of the electrochromic properties. These experiments demonstrated the existence of a saturation limit of the structural charge insertion that effectively contributes to the electrochromic performance of α-MoO3 nanoplates. The study improves the understanding of electrochromic memory loss and the degradation mechanism and suggests a two-step electrochemical reaction that controls the electrochromic activity of the α-MoO3 phase.

Valorization of Passion Fruit Stalk by the Preparation of Cellulose Nanofibers and Immobilization of Trypsin

Fibers from passion fruit stalks were first recovered with a pulping and bleaching process. Two mechanical treatments were further applied to the fibers, homogenization (with and without ultrasound), and blender application. The effect of those treatments on fibers was evaluated. The chemical composition of the different stages of fibers undergoing treatment were measured according to TAPPI standards and were also analyzed by SEM, FTIR, and XRD. Trypsin was immobilized by adsorption and by covalent binding. The biocatalyst support-trypsin was evaluated in terms of immobilization yield, retention, and enzymatic activity. The experimental results demonstrated that the final cellulose concentration in the fibers was 44 % higher than that in the raw stalks. The cellulose nanofibers obtained by homogenization presented a size distribution between 20–200 nm, and the application of ultrasound did not show a significant effect on size (between 50 to 300 nm). Trypsin immobilized using glycidol presented an immobilization yield of 67 % and presented higher retention and enzymatic activity (1.17±0.05 U/mg protein and 44.0±2.0 %, respectively). These results show that passion fruit stalks can be successfully used as a source of cellulose nanofibers and also can be used as carriers for the immobilization of trypsin.

Sustainable Bleaching Process of Raw Cotton by TiO2 Light-Activated Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles (NPs) of titanium dioxide (TiO2) are promising for the photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds, arising as an excellent alternative to conventional bleaching processes. Within this background, aqueous suspensions of TiO2 NPs were impregnated by the pad-dry method in raw cotton. The hydrophilic properties and whiteness index (WI) of Berger were the main parameters examined before and after the TiO2 treatment. In the absence of water, using a UV-Vis lamp, high hydrophilicity was found for raw cotton. Diversely, under UV-LED radiation, the presence of water molecules in the coated cotton was revealed to be a crucial parameter in enhancing its whiteness. A comparable WI of Berger with conventional bleaching methods was obtained using 0.5 g L-1 TiO2 suspension under UV-LED radiation, suggesting that the impregnation of TiO2 NPs can be a promising alternative for the industrial bleaching methods, as it proves to be more sustainable and with low operating costs.

Upgrading Euphorbia Antisyphilitica fiber compost: A waste material turned into nanocrystalline cellulose

The utilization of organic industrial wastes as source for production of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is very attractive and has a huge advantage in comparison with traditional sources as plants, bacterial or commercial cellulose (MCC), because it has the potential of increasing the value chain of these materials. The aim of this study is to analyze the utilization of Euphorbia Antisyphilitica bagasse, a waste of the wax industry, as source for CNC’s prepared by two different techniques, namely acid hydrolysis and TEMPO mediated oxidation. Cellulose extraction was performed by a treatment with aqueous NaOH followed by a bleaching process with NaClO. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and conductometric titration. The CNCs samples have a diameter of around 17 nm and a length between 220 and 310 nm with a degree of crystallinity above 70 % and a very different thermal behavior depending of the isolation method. On one hand charge densities are 2.135 e/nm² and 1.933 e/nm², on the other hand root-mean-square roughness is around 2.1 and 2.3 nm (films were deposited on a glass surface), depending on the isolation technique.

Effect of Mordant Bleaching on the Optical and Mechanical Properties of Black Tunisian Wool and Optimization of the Bleaching Process

ABSTRACT White wool occupies a very important place on the commercial market because it can be dyed in any color. In nature, however, wool fibers are usually found white but may be black; sometimes they are shades of white, yellow and, in some cases, brown or black, because of their natural pigment, melanin. In this study, copper sulfate and iron sulfate were used in the treatment of Tunisian wool (Black of Thibar) to evaluate their effectiveness in terms of color removal and minimal damage to wool fibers. Once the most effective mordant agent was chosen, the effects of hydrogen peroxide concentration, bleaching time, and temperature on the wool sample bleaching were studied. The results showed that iron sulfate is the most effective mordant agent in the bleaching process of pigmented wool for a good base of dyeing and finishing, since it guarantees the best optical properties with the minimum damage to the fibers. In addition, it was found that the optimal bleaching was achieved for a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 87.5 mL/L, a treatment time of about 90 min and a temperature of about 60#xB0;C.

Xylanase pretreatment of energy cane enables facile cellulose nanocrystal isolation

This study investigated the effect of xylanase-assisted alkaline pretreatment (XAP) on the extraction of cellulose nanocrystal (CNCs) from energy cane (EC). Different concentrations of xylanase were tested to estimate the optimal enzyme loading required for pretreatment. XAP reduced the bleaching step from 7 to 5 h, generating a material with 93% whiteness index and a higher crystallinity index (CrI) than the alkaline-bleached fibers. A combined pretreatment using xylanase at 200 U/g removed 59 and 35% of hemicellulose and lignin, respectively, that was present in the EC which was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy revealed the XAP material required a shorter time of acid hydrolysis (30 min) to generate CNCs with similar lengths and CrI values to those obtained using only the alkaline pretreatment. Therefore, the XAP offered an efficient and promising approach for the isolation of CNCs with less use of chemicals for the bleaching process and a shorter hydrolysis time.

Improvement in the absorbency of ozone bleached cotton fabric by the addition of surfactant

The combined effect of surfactants with ozone bleaching process on the quality of cotton fabric was examined in this paper. The concentration of surfactants was varied between 0.01- 0.5 g/l in order to evaluate its effect on CIE whiteness, absorbency and strength of cotton fabric bleached by ozone. The maximum improvement in absorbency (1.07 s) and whiteness (WCIE 66.53) was achieved in the presence of anionic surfactant (0.01 g/l) at optimized experimental conditions. The strength properties of cotton fabric bleached by ozone in the presence of surfactant were also improved. Pollution load of ozone bleaching effluent even after adding surfactant was far less than conventional bleaching effluent. Statistically it was confirmed that surfactant addition significantly improved the whiteness and absorbency of ozone bleached cotton fabric.

Treatment of textile effluent using an anaerobic reactor integrated with activated carbon and ultrafiltration unit (AN-ACF-UF process) targeting salt recovery and its reusability potential in the pad-batch process

An on-site anaerobic biological reactor integrated with activated carbon filter (ACF) and ultra-filtration (UF) unit termed as AN-ACF-UF process was used for the decolourization of textile effluent at the industrial premises. The anaerobic reactor containing a microbial consortium enriched from the industrial effluent using a patented method was fed with a mixed inlet consisting of dye and pre-treatment range (PTR) effluents in a ratio of 70:30 (v/v). The PTR effluent consists of effluent generated from desizing, bleaching, scouring, and mercerization process. The anaerobic unit was run in a continuous mode for 32 d with a hydraulic retention time of 2 d. The treated effluent from the anaerobic unit was fed into the ACF unit at 0.7 ml/min. Finally, the outlet from the ACF unit was fed into the UF unit. Daily variations were observed in the inlet effluent with chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour (hazen value) in the range of 1950–2450 mg/L, and 2500–3100 hazen, respectively. The AN-ACF-UF process was effective in decolourizing 91 ± 3 % of the colour in textile effluent mixture. Germination test with the treated effluent on Vigna radiata did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05) between control (92 ± 1 % germination) and treated effluent group (83 ± 1 % germination). The recovered salt contained high concentration of sodium salt (349.70 mg/g of salt). Integration of this process with the existing industrial ETP (Effluent treatment plant) would enable the industry to partially recover the cost of dyeing and achieve a zero liquid discharge system.

Novel Method for Fire Retardancy of Cotton Fabrics Coated by Spinach Leaf Extract Assisted by Corona Discharge Plasma

The application of material physics in the functional textile field has been widely applied, one of which is plasma technology. In this research, the fire-retardant properties have been developed in the cotton fabric textile material using spinach leaf extract and comparison of fire-retardant resin on the market using plasma technology. The flame-retardant is applied to the cotton fabric using the atmospheric-pressure plasma method with a tip-cylinder electrode. The cotton fabric used is a cotton fabric that has undergone a process of bleaching and mercerization. In this research, two types of methods have been carried out, namely the immersion method on the fire-retardant resin substance with atmospheric pressure plasma pre-treatment and the immersion method on spinach leaf extract with atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. Research shows that there is an increase in the fire-retardant properties of cotton fabrics that have been given treatment. The assessment of fire-retardant properties was tested using the standard method of fire-retardant ASTM D6413-08 vertical method. In this research, atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment with a time variation of 2 minutes and 4 minutes has been carried out. The results showed that the cotton fabric treated with the immersion method on spinach leaf extract and atmospheric pressure plasma pre-treatment had better fire-retardant properties. It has also been found that the length of time the plasma treatment will affect the fire-retardant properties of cotton fabrics.