Bleaching Of Wool Research Articles

Some Aspects of Bleaching with Hydrogen Peroxide and with Peracetic Acid

The methods and the theory of the bleaching of some of the principal textile fibres with hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid are discussed. Observations are included on the greater ease of soil removal from bleached wool in relation to washing processes and the rôle of stabilisation in cotton‐bleaching processes. Improvements to existing bleaching methods are given, with particular reference to the use of per acids in kier bleaching, and some data are presented on the decomposition of dilute solutions of peracetic acid.

Dyes and dyeing in ancient Mesopotamia

This journal article identifies Sumer as a center for the bleaching, dyeing and weaving of wool. According to accounts clothing was brightly colored and patterned. Variegated hues were obtained by substantive, vat and mordant dyes. Black was derived directly from iron oxide or from plants such as Cassia bark used with iron sulphate. Blue likely came from Indigo prepared perhaps with lime or potash. Woad may have been used. Saffron and Tumeric provided rarer yellow dyes. Red was favored in many shades. Sumerian and Akkadian texts refer to blood red, rose color and russet. Kermes is identified as one red dye. Murex brandaris and Murex arunculus yield purple. The dyeing process as practiced by the Mesopotamians is little known. Scant information is provided by the Talmud and from comparison with Babylonian tablets on tanning. Fat, alum and gall were used as mordants for tanning and dyeing. Thread or yarn was dyed in vats. These vats and winding bobbins are described from archaeological finds in Palestine. Wooden vats were likely used in Mesopotamia.

The Bleaching of Wool with Sulphur Dioxide and with Solutions of Sulphites

The Bleaching of Wool with Sulphur Dioxide and with Solutions of Sulphites

34-The Bleaching of Wool with Sulphur Dioxide

34-The Bleaching of Wool with Sulphur Dioxide

The Conditions Governing the Bleaching of Wool with Hydrogen Peroxide

Journal of the Society of Dyers and ColouristsVolume 42, Issue 5 p. 154-157 The Conditions Governing the Bleaching of Wool with Hydrogen Peroxide S. R. Trotman, S. R. TrotmanSearch for more papers by this authorE. R. Trotman, E. R. TrotmanSearch for more papers by this author S. R. Trotman, S. R. TrotmanSearch for more papers by this authorE. R. Trotman, E. R. TrotmanSearch for more papers by this author First published: May 1926 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1926.tb01377.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume42, Issue5May 1926Pages 154-157 RelatedInformation

Development of Acid Magenta printed upon Sulphur Bleached Wool when exposed to direct sunlight

Development of Acid Magenta printed upon Sulphur Bleached Wool when exposed to direct sunlight

Wool Dyeing

THIS little book is a reprint of a series of articles contributed to the Textile Recorder. In spite of the title, the subject of dyeing is not dealt with, being reserved for parts ii. and iii., and only the operations previous to dyeing are treated of in the present volume. The divisions of this subject are: (1) The Wool Fibre; (2) Wool Scouring; (3) Wool Bleaching; (4) Water for Technical Purposes. The treatment, although not exhaustive, is fairly thorough and quite up-to-date, and no important feature of these subjects, either chemical or mechanical, is left untouched. The book can hardly be described as attractive reading for an outsider; but it will doubtless prove useful to teachers and students in technical classes, and should be helpful also to those engaged in the dyeing industry—happily a growing number—who wish to understand the principles underlying the operations they conduct, and who may be led by it to the study of some more exhaustive work.

Some account of a new volcano in the Mediterranean

The first intelligence of the breaking out of the volcano, which is the subject of the present paper, was brought to Malta, on the 16th of July last, by a merchant vessel. It was confirmed soon after by Captain Swinburne, of H. M. S. Rapid, who had succeeded in approaching very near the island. The crater of the volcano, which was in great activity, was then only a few feet above the level of the sea. Several shocks of an earthquake had been felt near the same spot about a month before the eruption. The volcano continued active till the 16th of August, and the island it was forming gradually enlarged in all its dimensions; but since that period there has been no fresh eruption. In the end of August, a survey of the island was carefully made by Captain Wodehouse, R. N. of H. M. brig Ferret; and a plan drawn by him is annexed to the present paper. The circumference of the island is about 3240 feet, and its greatest height 107 feet; the circumference of its crater is about 780 feet. The surface of the island is composed entirely of ashes and cinders, without any lava. The crater contained turbid salt water, having a temperature of 200° Fahr. and emitting a constant supply of gas. The water in the immediate neighbourhood of the island was very shallow, not exceeding three or four feet, and the crater was rapidly filling up by the falling in of its margin. The author could not learn that anything unusual had been noticed as having occurred in any of the neighbouring volcanic regions, either at the time of the eruption or immediately antecedent to it. He describes the phænomena, which fell under his own observation, on a visit which he made to the island on the 5th of August. During the most violent eruptions, a large quantity of dense white vapour, resembling snow or bleached wool, rose to a great height in the atmosphere, and assumed various extraordinary forms; this was followed by columns of perfectly black matter, rising to the height of three or four thousand feet, and spreading out very widely, even to windward. The subterranean sounds attending the eruptions were not very loud, and were much exceeded by that of the electrical explosions accompanying the lightning, which was seen to dart in various directions in the atmosphere of the eruption. To leeward of the volcano, the sea was much discoloured by the admixture of ashes and fine dust, and an abundance of light cinders were floating on its surface. Even when the author was enveloped in the dark cloud of ashes falling from the volcano, not the smallest odour of bitumen, of sulphuretted hydrogen, or of sulphureous or any other acid, was perceptible; nor was any inconvenience felt in respiration. No appearance of flame, and but little light, was exhibited during these eruptions.

VI. Experiments on the yolk of wool; with some observations on the washing and bleaching of wool

VI. <i>Experiments on the yolk of wool; with some observations on the washing and bleaching of wool</i>