Blasting Vibration Monitoring Research Articles

GNSS blasting vibration monitoring and feature recognition method

Aiming at the problems of the current blasting vibration monitoring, such as unstable low-frequency performance, vulnerability to environmental interference, complex operation, and easily damaged, a new blasting vibration monitoring and feature recognition method of complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and multiscale permutation entropy (MPE) and singular spectrum analysis (SSA) is proposed based on global navigation satellite system (GNSS). Initially, a new method of GNSS blasting vibration monitoring is proposed according to the blasting environment and blasting characteristics, it can provide a new reference for GNSS technology to be used in blasting vibration monitoring. Then, signal simulation proved that the proposed feature recognition method can effectively remove the low-frequency and high-frequency background noise as well as trend items of blasting vibration signals and accurately extract the dominant frequency of vibration compared with the traditional processing methods. Finally, the proposed method is demonstrated by factory open blasting and tunnel excavation blasting compared with the monitoring results of the conventional blasting recorder, it can accurately recognize the characteristics of blasting initiation time, particle peak velocity (PPV), initiation period, and dominant frequency of vibration. The RMSE of PPVs is 0.086, and other errors are within 5%, which is highly consistent with the monitoring results of blasting recorder. The GNSS blasting vibration monitoring and feature recognition method can improve the low-frequency stability, field adaptability, simple operation, and information richness of blasting monitoring, which can provide a new approach for blasting monitoring; it can also be an important supplement to existing blasting monitoring methods.

Vibration effect and ocean environmental impact of blasting excavation in a subsea tunnel

Drill-blast method is one of the important methods in the current subsea tunnel excavation construction. Controlling the vibration effect during blasting construction and its impact on the marine environment has been a key topic in the construction of subsea tunnels. This paper takes the Xiamen subsea tunnel excavation and blasting project as the background, combines blast vibration monitoring in the tunnel and underwater sound pressure testing in seawater, analyzes the attenuation law of subsea tunnel blast vibration propagation along the rockmass, studies of the characteristics of shock waves formed in water following the propagation of blast stress waves to seawater. Based on the dynamic finite element numerical calculation, the impact of blasting vibration effect of mainline tunnel on the adjacent built service tunnel structure and the characteristics of shock wave pressure distribution in water excited by blasting vibration are analyzed. Considering the influence of the burial depth of tunnel blasting source, a mathematical prediction model of the attenuation law of underwater sound pressure in water caused by subsea tunnel blasting is established. Based on the pressure control standard of marine organism safety, the control range of marine organism safety under the influence of subsea tunnel blasting is proposed.

Effects of Blasting Vibrations on an Arch in the Jiaohuayu Tunnel Described by Energy Response Spectrum Analysis

The vibrations caused by tunnel blasting strongly affects the construction safety and progress of the tunnel itself. The arch vibration attenuation law, structural energy response, and safety criterion were systematically investigated using blasting vibration monitoring in the Jiaohuayu Tunnel. The peak particle velocity (PPV) at the vault was always larger than that at the arch waist and was greater than that at the sidewall, regardless of the direction. The arch waist was where the initial lining had the highest risk of damage. Existing safety criteria can be supplemented and improved using the maximum instantaneous input energy to measure the first passage damage, the hysteretic energy consumption to measure the cumulative damage, and the input-hysteretic energy criterion to judge the structural failure. The energy threshold of the first passage damage of the initial lining structure was 200 J, and the plastic cumulative damage was 3000 J of the test section. This study is important when evaluating the safety of a tunnel’s initial lining structure.

Research on the Prediction Model of Blasting Vibration Velocity in the Dahuangshan Mine

In order to improve the prediction accuracy of blast vibration velocity, the model for predicting the peak particle velocity of blast vibration using the XGBoost (Extreme Gradient Boosting) method is improved, and the EWT–XGBoost model is established to predict the peak particle velocity of blast vibration by combining it with the EWT (Empirical Wavelet Transform) method. Calculate the relative error and root mean square error between the predicted value and measured value of each test sample, and compare the prediction performance of the EWT–XGBoost model with the original model. There is a large elevation difference between each vibration measurement location of high and steep slopes, but high and steep slopes are extremely dangerous, which is not conducive to the layout of blasting vibration monitoring equipment. The vibration velocity prediction model adopts the numerical simulation method, selects the center position of the small platform as the measurement point of the peak particle velocity, and studies the variation law of the blasting vibration velocity of the high and steep slopes under the action of top blasting. The research results show that the EWT–XGBoost model has a higher accuracy than the original model in the prediction of blasting vibration velocity; the simultaneous detonation method on adjacent high and steep slopes cannot meet the relevant requirements of safety regulations, and the delayed detonation method can effectively reduce the blasting vibration of high and steep slopes. The shock absorption effect of the elevation difference within 45 m is obvious.

Blasting Vibration Monitoring and a New Vibration Reduction Measure

Vibration waves generated by blasting can cause shock to buildings. Different responses occur in different parts of the building. Therefore, a single standard is inaccurate. At the same time, methods to reduce vibration are needed. In this paper, the variation of peak particle velocity (PPV) and principal frequency was analyzed. The energy variation of blast vibration waves was analyzed by wavelet packet decomposition. A numerical model was established to verify the new vibration reduction measure. The results showed that the PPV on the walls increases with their height. The PPV and principal frequency of different structures of single-story brick-concrete buildings are different. The amplification factor of PPV does not change much when the principal frequency ratio is larger than 0.75. Measuring points at different heights have different sensitivities to blasting vibration waves of different principal frequencies. Therefore, different structures will respond differently to the same blasting operation. The PPV can be reduced by waveform interference. However, the cycle of blasting vibration waves decreases with increasing distance. Therefore, it is necessary to determine a reasonable interval to reduce the PPV. This requires further research.

Study on Three-Dimensional Dynamic Stability of Open-Pit High Slope under Blasting Vibration

AbstractThe propagation process of blasting vibration has always been a difficult problem affecting the stability of high slopes in open-pit mines. Taking the Jianshan Phosphorus Mine as the research background, combined with engineering geological investigation, field blasting test, blasting vibration monitoring, numerical simulation technology, and theoretical analysis, the three-dimensional dynamic stability of the adjacent high slope after blasting vibration was systematically studied. In our study, a small-diameter buffer shock-absorbing blasting technology near the slope was proposed, which greatly improved the production efficiency. Through regression analysis of a large amount of vibration test data, the law of blasting vibration propagation in Jianshan stope and Haifeng stope was obtained. In addition, by establishing four three-dimensional geomechanical numerical models, the slope’s own frequency, damping characteristics, and dynamic response acceleration distribution after detonation were studied, respectively. On the other hand, under the action of Ei Centro wave with 8-degree seismic intensity, the maximum total acceleration and maximum total displacement of the slope were calculated and analyzed. Both the explosion unloading of the 8-degree earthquake and the Ei Centro wave simulation results showed that the high slope near the Jianshan Phosphorus Mine was generally in a stable state. Thus, this study can provide technical support and theoretical guidance for mine blasting.

Research on the Dynamic Response of Gravity Dam under Blasting Vibration

With the continuous development of blasting technology, it has been widely used in various construction projects. While bringing convenience to construction, it also has a series of negative effects on surrounding buildings (structures), especially the negative effects of blasting vibration on buildings (structures), which has been paid close attention by scholars at home and abroad. For blasting vibration on the dynamic response of the gravity dam to produce, this article adopts the method of numerical simulation, the finite element software ANSYS is applied, the numerical calculation model of concrete gravity dam is established and the dynamic time-history analysis is calculated, in the different blasting conditions, the blasting vibration on the dynamic response of gravity dam is obtained, the calculation and analysis results as basis is supplied for the selection of the blasting vibration monitoring part of the gravity dam.

Attenuation model of tunnel blast vibration velocity based on the influence of free surface

In tunnel blasting excavation, it is important to clarify the attenuation law of blast wave propagation and predict the blast vibration velocity effectively to ensure safe tunnel construction and protection design. The effects of the free surface area its quantity on the blast vibration velocity are considered, and free surface parameters are introduced to improve the existing blast vibration velocity prediction formula. Based on the Tianhuan railway Daqianshiling tunnel project, field blast vibration monitoring tests are performed to determine changes in the peak blasting vibration velocity based on the blast distance and free surface area. LS-DYNA is used to establish tunnel blasting excavation models under three operating conditions; subsequently, the attenuation law of blast vibration velocity and changes in the vibration response spectrum are analysed. Results show that the free surface area and number of free surfaces enable the blast vibration velocity to be predicted under various operating conditions: a smaller free surface area results in a narrower frequency band range, whereas more free surfaces result in a narrower frequency band range. The improved blast vibration velocity prediction formula is validated using field and numerical test data. It is indicated that the improved formula is applicable to various tunnelling conditions.

Discussion on blasting vibration monitoring for rock damage control in rock slope excavation

Discussion on blasting vibration monitoring for rock damage control in rock slope excavation

Spatial distribution of vibration and damage of high rock slope under blast loading

The safety of the high rock slope under blasting loading is of great concern during the engineering construction. A better understanding of vibration distribution and reasonable monitoring scheme are essential to control the dynamic response induced by blasting excavation of high rock slope. Based on the excavation of WuDongde high rock slope in southwest of China, vibration amplification characteristic around the slope surface was investigated carefully with different kinds of experiment. The Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) of blasting vibration at the slope surface and flat ground was compared. Results demonstrate that the PPV at the slope surface is large than that of flat ground and the amplification effect is obvious. The partial amplification law of slope surface is revealed as the amplification factor of vibration at the outside of the berm is much larger than that of inside. The amplification effect in the vertical direction is stronger than the radial and tangential direction. Then numerical simulation was employed to investigate the vibration amplification characteristic with more working conditions. Results agree well with the experiment and reveal that the local amplification characteristic could be obviously found around the berm. The blasting energy, geometry of the bench and rock mass quality could affect the amplification effect significantly. The suggestion of blasting vibration monitoring scheme for high rock slope was proposed according to different objectives based the understanding of vibration amplification. If the aim is to evaluate the dynamic stability or get the blasting vibration attenuation law of high rock slope, monitoring points should be arranged at the inside of the berm, but while the most unfavorable response of rock mass is expected to be obtained, the out edge of the berm should be selected as the monitoring position. The study expects to provide a good reference for the blasting vibration control and measurement of high rock slope.

Blasting vibration monitoring scheme and its application

According to BET project of High-level radioactive waste geological disposal, the smooth blasting parameters and the corresponding blasting vibration monitoring scheme are designed separately. Combining with the blasting vibration monitoring scheme, the blasting vibration monitoring was carried out with the blasting test simultaneously. It was found that the maximum vibration velocity was controlled within a reasonable range. Furthermore, the vibration attenuation law was obvious after analysis, which indicated that the blasting parameters design and vibration monitoring scheme were reasonable. It illuminated that the blasting parameters designed were proved to be reasonable and desirable. Moreover, the vibration reduction measurements for this project have been put forward. This study can provide the corresponding experimental data and theoretical support for the High-level radioactive waste geological disposal. The result and the theoretical knowledge could be applied to the blasting and excavation of the deep geo-engineering and the HLW geo-disposal.

Experimental investigation on the influence of tunnel crossing blast vibration on upper gas pipeline

In order to effectively control the damage of blasting construction to the upper pipeline, it is necessary to reveal the impact of blasting vibration on the pipeline. By conducting an on-site crossing blast experiment under the pre-buried full-scale gas pipeline, the vibration distribution characteristics of pipeline and ground surface soil in the process of blast crossing the upper gas pipeline were analyzed based on field blasting vibration monitoring and dynamic strain test. Combined with the results of dynamic strain analysis of pipeline in field test, the safety control standard of peak particle velocity (PPV) of the pipeline was proposed based on the allowable strain criterion of the pipeline. Moreover, a 3D numerical model was established to analyze the response characteristics of upper buried gas pipeline subjected to blasting vibration and its reliability was verified using the field monitoring data. Considering the influence of pipeline burial depth, the numerical calculation experiments were carried out, and the dynamic response characteristics of pipelines subject to blasting vibration under different buried depth conditions in urban areas were discussed. At last, the functional relationships between the PPV of pipeline and the PPV of ground surface soil above the pipeline, the peak effective stress (PES) of the pipeline and the PPV of ground surface soil were established, and the safety control and evaluation of the pipeline considering the buried depth under the influence of blasting vibration could be realized.

An Improved Empirical Mode Decomposition Method for Vibration Signal

With the development of electronic measurement and signal processing technology, nonstationary and nonlinear signal characteristics are widely used in the fields of error diagnosis, system recognition, and biomedical instruments. Whether these features can be extracted effectively usually affects the performance of the entire system. Based on the above background, the research purpose of this paper is an improved vibration empirical mode decomposition method. This article introduces a method of blasting vibration signal processing—Differential Empirical Mode Decomposition (DEMD), combined with phosphate rock engineering blasting vibration monitoring test, and Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) to compare and analyze the frequency screening of blasting vibration signals, the aliasing distortion, and the power spectrum characteristics of the decomposed signal. The results show that compared with EMD, DEMD effectively suppresses signal aliasing and distortion, and from the characteristics of signal power spectrum changes, DEMD extracts different dominant frequency components, and the frequency screening effect of blasting vibration signals is superior to EMD. It can bring about an obvious improvement in accuracy, and the calculation time is about 4 times that of the EMD method. Based on the ground analysis of ground motion signals, this paper uses the EMD algorithm to analyze measured ground blast motion signals and study its velocity characteristics and differential time, which provides a new way of studying motion signals.

Analysis of Fractal Features of Blasting Vibration Signal Based on EEMD Decomposition

In order to study the propagation characteristics of blasting seismic waves by using the analysis and research of blasting vibration monitoring data of Urumqi subway tunnel excavation, the blasting vibration signal has been decomposed into several IMF components by EEMD decomposition and fractal theory has been used to calculate the correlation dimension in this paper. The results show that the IMF component can reveal the frequency characteristics in the blasting vibration signal clearly. As the measuring point is far away from the explosion source, the complexity of the frequency component of the vibration signal gradually decreases. The seismic wave interacts with the rock and soil medium in the propagation process, make it shown non-linear characteristics, which are not easily to be observed by conventional measure methods. This paper introduces fractal dimension to study the nonlinear characteristics of blasting vibration signals and achieves the purpose of analysing the law of blasting seismic wave propagation. This study achieves a quantitative description of the effects of site media on seismic waves, and at the same time, it lays a theoretical foundation for predicting the vibration effect analysis of seismic waves reaching the target position.

Study on Comprehensive Treatment Technology of High-speed Railway Passing Through Giant Karst Tunnel

In the mountainous areas of Southwest China, a karst landscape is well developed. There, exposed giant karst caves in the construction of high-speed railway tunnels cause great construction difficulties and safety risks for the tunnel crossing. In this paper, the study object is the project on giant karst cave of the Qianjiang–Changde railway high-mountain tunnel. After the karst cave was revealed, unmanned aerial vehicle detection, three-dimensional laser scanning, and blasting vibration monitoring were used to study the stability of the karst cave. It was found that the karst cave has a higher risk of falling rocks. On the basis of careful consideration of construction, operation safety, and economy, the “backfill cave ballast + grouting to reinforce on the upper part” scheme was determined for the treatment of the karst cave. During the process of disposal, the surface and layered settlement of backfill were monitored, in which it showed that the surface settlement control was reasonable, and the settlement mainly came from the bottom of the grouting layer, the top of non-grouting backfill, and original accumulation. To prevent the risk of falling rocks, we performed permanent safety protection of the wall and the roof for the karst cave and temporary safety protection of the mobile scaffold. Finally, the backfill treatment of the giant karst cave of high-mountain tunnel was smooth, the settlement after construction was controllable, and it met the design requirements.

Study on the blasting vibration test of an open pit mine

Blasting vibration is one of the important factors affecting the stability of open-pit slope. It is necessary to evaluate and analyze its harmful effect and the influence on slope stability. Blasting vibration monitoring is an effective technical means. Through the fitting analysis of enough data obtained from key location monitoring, the site coefficient K value and attenuation index α value of the monitoring range were regressed to obtain the blasting vibration attenuation law, which provided the test basis for reducing or controlling the harm of blasting vibration, and provided the basis for blasting design to promote mine safety in production.

Study of dynamic response of High-Rise buildings under blasting earthquake considering model simplifying

Based on the blasting engineering of the subway tunnel, the overall dynamic response of the 28-story frame-shear-wall structure is studied by field test and numerical analysis. Field test is the blasting vibration monitoring and operational mode analysis (OMA). OMA used Ibrahim Time Domain method to extract the modal frequencies, the modal damping ratio of the structure, provided the basis for further analysis of the vibration response laws. The structure is simplified into a mass-spring-damper model. Based on the modal parameters extracted from the AVT, fixed the stiffness matrix and the damping matrix of the mass-spring-damper model, and set up the dynamic differential equation. So the modal parameters and frequency-response-functions of the building bending vibration can be calculated. SIMULINK dynamic simulation model was established based on the dynamic differential equation of the mass-spring-damper model. Based on the blasting vibration velocity signal, the overall vibration response law of high-rise buildings under tunnel blasting seismic is analyzed. The following conclusions are drawn: 1. Under the blasting vibration of the subway tunnel, the vibration response velocity of high-rise buildings presents: vertical vibration is the largest, lengthways vibration velocity is the second, and transverse vibration velocity is the smallest. However, the vertical vibration velocity peak and tangential vibration velocity peak at the higher floors is not much different. 2. On the higher floors, the velocity peaks fluctuated with floor increasing, and fluctuation is interrelated with the dominant mode. The peak value of vibration velocities distribution shows this correlation; 3, To simplify the high-rise building to be the mass-spring-damper model and set up the mathematical model of dynamic reaction. Then, the Simulink simulation model was established for simulation calculation. This method can adequately predict the response of the structure under blasting vibration.

Study on the Deformation Mechanism of Soft Rock Roadway under Blasting Disturbance in Baoguo Iron Mine

In order to study the deformation mechanism of soft rock roadway in underground mines, it is necessary not only to study the influence of the dynamic disturbance caused by the cyclic mining blasting vibration on the stability of the soft rock roadway but also to study the degradation of the roadway surrounding rock itself and other factors. The paper presented a synthetic research system to investigate the factors that influence roadway rock structure deterioration in Baoguo Iron Mine. Firstly, the stability of rock mass was analyzed from the perspective of the physical and structural characteristics of the rock mass. Afterwards, according to monitoring data of mining blasting vibration, a suitable safety blasting prediction model for Baoguo Iron Mine was determined. And then, combining the results of mining blasting vibration monitoring and deformation monitoring, the effect of cyclic mining blasting on the stability of the soft rock roadway was obtained. By systematically studying the intrinsic factors of rock quality degradation and external environmental disturbances and their interactions, this paper comprehensively explores the deformation mechanism of soft rock roadway and provides the support for fundamentally solving the large deformation problems of soft rock roadway in underground mines.

Analysis on monitoring and controlling techniques about blasting vibration effect of open channel in Taishan nuclear power station

The blasting for bedrock excavation on land for open channel project has a great influence on lock gate in Taishan Nuclear Power Station, therefore, based on blasting vibration monitoring data, the attenuation law of blasting vibration signal has been studied through regression analysis of practical test data by Sadaovsk empirical formula and corresponding time-frequency characteristics was analyzed by Empirical Mode Decomposition based on Hilbert-Huang transform. As for those monitoring data, the results of blast vibration velocity for vertical direction are generally larger than horizontal radial and horizontal tangential direction in the near field of blasting source and the peak particle velocity of vertical direction is usually lower than horizontal radial and horizontal tangential direction in the far field of blasting source; at the same time, their main vibration frequency mostly vary from 10 Hz to 80 Hz which is much higher than natural frequency of lock gate and is beneficial to structural safety and stability of surrounding rock mass for reducing the probability of resonance. To ensure the safety of lock gate, it is of great significance to control maximum explosive weight per delay in advance for different distance from monitoring point to the explosion source according to Safety Regulations for Blasting (GB6722-2014), which shows the excellent effect on blasting damage control of the lock gate and surrounding rock mass. The results from the analysis can be for reference to similar blasting design and blasting construction.

Source identification of microseismic events in underground mines with interferometric imaging and cross wavelet transform

Interference based source locating is a newly developed algorithm, which could be used to locate the microseismic event source while not requiring the exact arrival time or picking up the difference of arrival time instants in measured different sensor waveforms. The cross-correlation calculation, which is a key component in the interferometric based source locating algorithm, has some defects, namely, its accuracy is sensitive to the noise effect in sensor measurements and the peak of the cross-correlation function is not obvious with strong oscillations. Therefore the method has a high possibility to output false identifications. All of those shortcomings may result in considerable source locating errors. To solve these problems, while considering the non-stationary, strong randomness and noise effect of signals in the microseismic and blasting vibration monitoring, a new microseismic event locating approach based on interferometric imaging and cross wavelet transform is proposed. The cross wavelet power function is used to replace the cross-correlation function in the traditional interferometric based approach. The effects of main factors affecting the accuracy and robustness of the proposed approach, i.e. the number of placed sensors and the error in the estimation of wave propagation velocity, are investigated. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach gives a more reliable and robust source location accuracy than the traditional approach.