Blast System Research Articles

8565 Impact of Mild Blast Traumatic Brain Injury on Pituitary Hormone Secretion Trajectory in Male and Female Mice in Response to Restraint

Abstract Disclosure: H. Donaldson: None. T.J. Wu: None. Over 10 million people suffer from traumatic brain injury (TBI) annually. Mild blast TBI (mbTBI) account for about 80% of TBIs in service members. One third of people exposed to mbTBIs have prolonged neuroendocrine defects, particularly anterior pituitary dysfunction. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that male and female mice demonstrate different neuroendocrine defects in response to mbTBI. Specifically, male mice with mbTBI have an increase (p<0.05) in corticosterone (CORT) response at 30 min after the initiation of restraint. Conversely, female mice show attenuated (p<0.05) levels of CORT at the same timepoint after the initiation of restraint. It is not known, however, what the trajectory of anterior pituitary hormone changes is in response to mbTBI. Our project aims to characterize the temporal relationship of peripheral anterior pituitary hormones in male and female mice in response to mbTBI and restraint. Male and female mice were randomly assigned to undergo sham or mbTBI injury using the Advanced Blast System (ABS). At 1 week after mbTBI, mice within each group were randomly assigned to be killed at 0-, 5-, 10-, 20-, 30-, or 90-min after the initiation of a 20-min restraint. At the appropriate timepoint, tissue was collected after the mice were euthanized. Prolactin (PRL) and adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). were measured using commercially available ELISA. Analysis of the data show that the peak response to restraint was altered in mice exposed to the ABS. PRL increased (p<0.05) starting at 5 min in both males and females after the initiation of restraint and returned to baseline by 90 min. ACTH increased (p<0.05) starting at 10 min and 20 min after the initiation of restraint and returned to baseline by 90 min in males and females, respectively. Peak PRL was delayed in both males (20 min vs 5 min) and females (10 min vs 5 min) whereas peak ACTH advanced in both males (10 min vs 30 min) and females (20 min vs 30 min). Area under the curve analysis show that ABS decreased overall PRL in both males and females whereas ACTH was lower in males and higher in females. The results of the current study showed that mice of both sexes have different serum PRL and ACTH trajectories in response to restraint when exposed to mbTBI. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Molecular characterization of cystic echinococcosis cysts isolated from cattle in Shiraz, Iran.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), is one of the common parasitic infections of domestic animals and humans caused by the larval stages of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. This research aimed to identify of CE cysts in cattle isolates from Shiraz slaughterhouse using molecular technique. Thirty CE cysts isolates were collected and total DNA was extracted from protoscolices or the germinal layer of each cyst followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (NADH-1) mitochondrial genes (~ 450bp) and sequencing. The sequence results were compared with available reference sequences in GenBank by BLAST system. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA 5.0 software and the maximum likelihood method. The results showed that all 30 samples examined in this study were identified as E. granulosus sensu stricto (G1-G3 genotypes) with G1 dominant.

Numerical simulation of air flow and distribution in the blast system of blast furnace

A three-dimensional geometric model of the blast system of the 5500 m3 blast furnace was established in this study. The velocity distribution of the blast system was calculated by OpenFOAM, and the velocity distribution at cross sections of the round pipe and the branch pipe was analysed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) When the hot air enters the branch pipe, the air flow speed gradually increases and reaches its maximum value (approximately 266.7 m/s) at the tuyere outlet. (2) When the hot air enters the round pipe from the main pipe, there is momentum loss. When the hot air further reaches the opposite side of the junction between the round pipe and the main (Tuyere 1#), the speed of the hot air in the round pipe decreases to the minimum. (3) The maximum air flow average speed of the tuyere outlet is located at Tuyeres 20# and 21# at the junction of the main pipe and the round pipe, which can reach 264.5 m/s. The minimum air flow average velocity of the tuyere outlet is located at Tuyeres 19# and 22#, approximately 258.5 m/s.

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Numerical investigation of bus stop structures in Seoul for the reduction of fine dust entry

Fences and air curtains can effectively reduce fine dust entry into roadside bus structures, thus decreasing the exposure of passengers to particulate matter. In this study, bus stop structures that reduce the entry of fine dust formed or dispersed by vehicles was derived through simulation models. These bus stop structures consist of a fence that blocks particle entry from a relatively low position in front of the bus stop and an air blast structure that blocks particle entry from a relatively high position. Three bus stop styles were considered: a bus stop without a fence, that with a vertical flat fence, and that with a vertical curved fence toward the road. Among these styles, the curved fence model was superior to other models, and particle entry into the bus stop was estimated to be reduced by 15.5% for the curved fence model compared with the model without a fence. After the selection of the fence model, three air blast structures were considered: canopy, wall, and fence types, which blast air from the ceiling of the bus stop, toward the direction of the road from the rear wall of the bus stop, and upward from the top of the curved fence, respectively. The canopy-type air blast structure was found to be the most effective in decreasing particle entry into bus stops, with a reduction rate of 88% compared with the reference model without a fence and air blast system.

Effect of Sunset Policy, Tax Amnesty, Tax Sanctions, and Whistle-Blowing System Against Tax Obligation (An Empirical Study on A Private Vocational Yogyakarta)

This research was conducted to examine the influence of sunset police, tax amnesty, tax sanctions, and the tax blast system on tax complaints. Population checks are all taxpayers at regional offices in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The sampling method in this study is simple random sampling. The sample is 100 taxpayers with a total of 120. The number of observational data analysis methods used is multiple regression analysis. The results showed that there was no influence on the sunset policy of tax complaints with a significant 0.479 > 0.05. There is no effect of tax amnesty on tax complaints with a significant 0.357 > 0.05. Its influence on tax sanctions tax complaints with a significance of 0.023 < 0.05. Its effect on whistle-blowing tax complaints with a significance of 0.080 < 0.10. The F test simultaneously affected sunset, tax amnesty, tax sanctions, and Whistle-blowing system on tax complaints with a significant 0,000 < 0.05. The coefficient determination test shows the value of 0.158 or 15.8% the dependent variable can be explained from the independent variable and 84.2% is influenced by other variables outside the model. Keywords: Sunset Policy, Tax Amnesty, Tax Sanction, Whistle Blowing System, and Tax Compliance.

Prevalence and subtype identification of Blastocystis isolated from human in Shiraz city, southern Iran

BackgroundBlastocystis is the most common parasite in humans and animals. Molecular studies based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU-rRNA) have shown that Blastocystis isolates have 17 subtypes and nine of these subtypes have been reported in human. The objective of the present study was to identify the subtype of Blastocystis. isolated from human in Shiraz city, southern Iran. Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from March to August 2019. A total of 802 fecal samples from persons who were referred to health centers of Shiraz University of medical sciences were collected and tested by wet mount method to find Blastocystis. Genomic DNA was extracted from the fecal samples to be positive for Blastocystis. SSU-rRNA gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. The amplicons were sequenced and compared with published sequences in GenBank using BLAST system. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the maximum likelihood method in the MEGA 5.0 software. ResultsThe microscopy method showed that 39 out of the 802 fecal samples were positive to Blastocystis. A 500 bp fragment of SSU-rRNA was amplified from isolates after the PCR. Sequence analysis identified four subtypes (STs) of Blastocystis consisted of ST1 (32.43%), ST2 (24.32%), ST3 (35.14%) and ST7 (8.11%). ConclusionsFour subtypes (STs) of Blastocystis in human was identified in our study and subtype 3 was the most prevalent subtype. The common subtype (ST3) in this study was identical to the reports from other regions of Iran. For identification of the more subtypes of Blastocystis, comprehensive molecular studies with a large number of Blastocystis isolates are suggested.

Research on new blast and fire stopping system of valve hall for UHVDC converter stations

In this paper, a new blast and fire stopping system of valve hall for UHVDC converter station is proposed. With the hydrocarbon temperature rise curve, the fire resistance test of a 1.4m×1.8m sample was carried out, a numerical model for blast resistant analysis of the firestop structure was established, and the blast resistant performances of the original firestop structure and the new structure were calculated. The results show that the new fire and blast stopping system proposed in this paper has a fire endurance time limit of more than 4 hours with the hydrocarbon heating curve. At the same time, compared with the original system, the blast resistant capability of the new firestop structure is greatly improved.

Selecting Primers for RAPD, Microsatellite and Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 for Genetic Variation Analysis of Asian Corn Borer (Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée) Population in Java, Indonesia

Primer plays an important role in studying genetic diversity of an insect species. This research was aimed to select the suitable primers to visualize the genetic diversity of Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), microsatellite, and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene (mtCO1). Twenty four RAPD primers (OPA1, OPA4, OPA7,OPA8, OPA10, OPA11, OPA12, OPA13, OPB7, OPB10, OPB11, OPB12, OPB15, OPC4, OPC5, OPC14, OPC16, OPC18, OPC20, OPD3, OPD8, OPD10, OPD13, OPD14) and five microsatellite primers (T3, T4, T5, T81, D25) resulted high polymorphic informations of the genetics of O. furnacalis in Java Indonesia. Universal primers, Lep and Heb were appropriateto do molecular identification of O. furnacalis based on BLAST system on GenBank and BOLD systems.

Hot Blast System Development: Technology, Operations, Campaign Management

The hot blast system is a key ancillary plant equipment with respect to safe and stable operations during a long blast furnace campaign. Hot blast stove designs have been optimized to such an extent that, in some cases, their lifetimes have surpassed the campaign lengths of the associated blast furnaces by a substantial margin, with the exception of the burner and a few critical areas. This article presents recent developments with respect to designing, building new and operating existing hot blast systems for a long lifetime and at optimized performance. These developments include fundamental improvements such as dome combustion designs as well as increasingly comprehensive packages for inspection, assessment, and maintenance techniques. Examples of such techniques are burner replacement with the hot blast system at operating temperature, improved double shell approaches and TOFD measurement applications.

Diversity of the gene of benzoate dioxygenase in bacterial associations isolated from long term organochlorine-contaminated soils

Background. Communities of bacteria with specific enzymes are formed in the soil with long-term organochlorine contamination.
 The aim of this study was to analyze the diversity of the benA gene encoding the -subunit of the benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase in aerobic bacterial associations isolated from the soils of the Chapayevsk-city (Samara region, Russia).
 Materials and methods. The soil samples were taken on the territory, contaminated with organochlorine compounds for a long time. As a selection factor in the enrichment cultures were used 4-chlorobenzoic acid and chlorobenzene, in the pure cultures benzoic acid. The isolation of total DNA from bacterial associations was performed using a commercial FastDNA Spin Kit for Soil kit (USA). Amplification was performed on a MyCycler instrument (USA). Determination of the nucleotide sequence was performed on an automatic sequencer Genetic Analyzer 3500XL (USA). The search and analysis for benA gene homologs was carried out using international GenBank databases and BLAST system (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).
 Results. As a result of selection, 12 associations of aerobic bacteria were obtained. Fragments of the benA gene (-subunit of benzoate dioxygenase) were obtained with the total DNA of six bacterial associations selected on chlorobenzene and with the total DNA of three bacterial associations selected on 4-chlorobenzoate. Pure cultures of aerobic bacterial strains using benzoic acid as a carbon source were isolated from benA-positive associations. It was established that the amplified fragments with the DNA of the A1, A4, A5, B1, B2, B3, B4 and B6 association strains form a single phylogenetic cluster with the -subunit gene of the benzoate dioxygenase of the Pseudomonas putida strain KT2440 (level of similarity is 9698%). The amplified fragment with the DNA of strain B5-170 (association B5) forms a cluster with the gene of the -subunit of the benzoate dioxygenase of the strain Pseudomonas sp. VLB120 (93% similarity).

Analysis of HEXB gene mutations in an infant with Sandhoff disease

To detect potential mutations of HEXB gene in an infant with Sandhoff disease (SD). Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood sample of the infant. All coding exons (exons 1 to 14) and splicing sites of the HEXB gene were subjected to PCR amplification and direct sequencing.PubMed Protein BLAST system was employed to analyze cross-species conservation of the mutant amino acid. PubMed BLAST CD-search was performed to identify functional domains destroyed by thecandidate mutations. Impact of the mutations was analyzed with software including PolyPhen-2, Mutation Taster and SIFT. Whole-exome sequencing was carried out to identify additional mutations. The infant was found to carry compound heterozygous mutations c.1652G>A(p.Cys551Tyr) and c.1389C>G (p.Tyr463*) of the HEXB gene. The c.1389C>G (p.Tyr463*) mutation may lead to destruction of two functional domains in β subunit of the Hex protein. The c.1652G>A(p.Cys551Tyr) mutation, unreported previously,was predicted to be probably damaging by Bioinformatic analysis. Compound heterozygous mutations c.1652G>A(p.Cys551Tyr) and c.1389C>G (p.Tyr463*) in the HEXB gene probably underlie the disease in this patient.

Morpho-anatomical structure and DNA barcode of Sonchus arvensis L.

Abstract. Wahyuni DK, Rahayu S, Purnama PR, Saputro TB, Suharyanto, Wijayanti N, Purnobasuki H. 2019. Morpho-anatomical structure and DNA barcode of Sonchus arvensis L. Biodiversitas 20: 2417-2426. Tempuyung or show thistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) belongs to the Asteraceae. Morpho-anatomy and DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) barcoding of the plant correlates with species identification and metabolite synthesis. This research aims to look at morpho-anatomical structures and analyze the DNA barcode of Sonchus arvensis L (tempuyung). Three samples used for morpho-anatomical analysis are leaves, stems, roots, fruit, and seeds. Anatomical samples are made using the embedding method. DNA barcode uses multiple locus from plastid genome: rbcL and matK. Morpho-anatomical structure of tempuyung showed a similar structure of Sonchus genus. The stem presents in the intercellular space, whereas the roots and leaves present in the vascular tissue and the seeds. Fruits present in each part of the body. Tissues that formed root are epidermis, cortex, endoderm, and stele. Tissues that formed stem are epidermis, cortex, and stele. Tissues that formed leaf are epidermis, cortex, phloem, and xylem. Tissues that formed the fruit and seed are paranormal and sclerenchyma tissues. Sonchus arvensis sequence for rbcL has a similar 100% maximum identity to rbcL gene of S. arvensis, Sonchus asper, and Sonchus oleraceus, whereas Sonchus arvensis matK sequence has a similar 99.31% maximum identity to other S. arvensis matK sequences in BLAST system. These findings provide morpho-anatomical features and DNA barcoding for identification of S. arvensis. from others species in the same genus. Thus also can be considered as pharmaceutical standard.

Analysis of PMM2 gene variant in an infant with congenital disorders of glycosylation type 1a

To identify potential mutation of PMM2 gene in an infant with congenital disorders of glycosylation type 1a (CDG-1a). Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood sample of the patient. All coding exons (exons 1-8) and splicing sites of the PMM2 gene were amplified with PCR. Potential variants were detected by direct sequencing of the PCR products and comparing the results against the ESP and SNP human gene databases. A protein BLAST system was employed to analyze cross-species conservation of the variants amino acid. A PubMed BLAST CD-search system was employed to identify functional domains damaged by variants of the PMM2 gene. Impact of potential variants was analyzed using software including PolyPhen-2 SIFT and Mutation Taster. Whole exome sequencing was used to identify additional variants of the PMM2 gene which may explain the condition of the patient. The child was found to carry compound heterozygous variants (c.458_462delTAAGA and c.395T>C) of the PMM2 gene, which were inherited respectively from his father and mother. The c.458_462delTAAGA has not been reported previously and may result in disruption of 10 functional domains within the PMM2 protein. The c.395T>C mutation has been recorded by a SNP database with frequency unknown. Both mutations were predicted as "probably damaging". Whole exome sequencing has identified no additional disease-causing variant which can explain the patient's condition. The patient's condition may be attributed to the compound heterozygous variants c.458_462delTAAGA and c.395T>C of the PMM2 gene. Above results has facilitated molecular diagnosis for the patient.

Numerical Analysis on Effect of Additional Gas Injection on Characteristics around Raceway in Melter Gasifier

Abstract The raceway plays an important role in the mass and heat transportation inside a melter gasifier. Considering that pure oxygen at room temperature instead of hot air is injected into the melter gasifier, a two-dimensional mathematical model at steady state is developed in the current work to describe the effect of the additional gas injection on the characteristics around the raceway in melter gasifier. The results show that a high-speed jet with a highest temperature above 3500 K could be found in front of tuyere. Furthermore, a small scale of gas flow circulation occurs in front of tuyere that results in a more serious thermal damage to tuyere. In order to decrease the gas temperature in the raceway to prevent the blowing-down caused by tuyere damage, the additional gas, including N2, natural gas (NG) and coke oven gas (COG) should be injected through the tuyere. Compared with N2, additional fuel gas injection gives full play to the high temperature reduction advantage of hydrogen. In addition, considering the insufficient hearth heat after injecting NG and the effective utilization of secondary resource, an appropriate amount of COG is recommended to be injected for optimizing blast system.

System Setup to Deliver Air Impact Forces to a Sheep Limb: Preparation for Model Development of Blast-Related Heterotopic Ossification.

BackgroundHeterotopic ossification (HO) is a significant complication for wounded warriors with traumatic limb loss. Although this pathologic condition negatively impacts the general population, ectopic bone has been observed with higher frequency for service members injured in Iraq and Afghanistan due to blast injuries. Several factors, including a traumatic insult, bioburden, tourniquet and wound vacuum usage, and bone fractures or fragments have been associated with increased HO for service members. A large combat-relevant animal model is needed to further understand ectopic bone etiology and develop new pragmatic solutions for reducing HO formation and recurrence.ObjectiveThis study outlines the optimization of a blast system that may be used to simulate combat-relevant trauma for HO and replicate percussion blast experienced in theater.MethodsWe tested the repeatability and reproducibility of an air impact device (AID) at various pressure settings and compared it with a model of blunt force trauma for HO induction. Furthermore, we assessed the ability of the higher-power air delivery system to injure host tissue, displace metal particulate, and disperse bone chips in cadaveric sheep limbs.ResultsData demonstrated that the air delivery setup generated battlefield-relevant blast forces. When the AID was charged to 40, 80, and 100 psi, the outputs were 229 (SD 13) N, 778 (SD 50) N, and 1085 (SD 114) N, respectively, compared with the blunt force model which proposed only 168 (SD 11) N. For the 100-psi AID setup, the force equaled a 5.8-kg charge weight of trinitrotoluene at a standoff distance of approximately 2.62 m, which would replicate a dismounted improvised explosive device blast in theater. Dispersion data showed that the delivery system would have the ability to cause host tissue trauma and effectively disperse metal particulate and host bone chips in local musculature compared with the standard blunt force model (13 mm vs 2 mm).ConclusionsOur data showed that a high-pressure AID was repeatable or reproducible, had the ability to function as a simulated battlefield blast that can model military HO scenarios, and will allow for factors including blast trauma to translate toward a large animal model.

Mathematical model and software for control of commissioning blast furnace

Blowing-in is a starting period of blast furnace operation after construction or major repair. The current approximation methods of blowing-in burden analysis are based on blowing-in practice of previously commissioned blast furnaces. This area is theoretically underexplored; there are no common scientifically based methods for selection of the burden composition and blast parameters. The purpose of this paper is development and scientific substantiation of the methods for selection of the burden composition and blast parameters in the blast furnace during the blowing-in period. Research methods are based on physical regularities of main processes running in the blast furnace, system analysis, and application of modern principles for development and construction of mathematical models, algorithms and software designed for automated control of complex production processes in metallurgy. As consequence of the research made by the authors the following results have been achieved: 1. A set of mathematical models for analysis of burden arrangement throughout the height of the blast furnace and for selection of optimal blast and gas dynamic parameters has been developed. 2. General principles for selection of the blowing-in burden composition and blast and gas dynamic parameters have been set up. 3. The software for the engineering and process staff of the blast furnace has been developed and introduced in the industry.

A Novel Closed-Head Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Using Focal Primary Overpressure Blast to the Cranium in Mice.

Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) from focal head impact is the most common form of TBI in humans. Animal models, however, typically use direct impact to the exposed dura or skull, or blast to the entire head. We present a detailed characterization of a novel overpressure blast system to create focal closed-head mild TBI in mice. A high-pressure air pulse limited to a 7.5 mm diameter area on the left side of the head overlying the forebrain is delivered to anesthetized mice. The mouse eyes and ears are shielded, and its head and body are cushioned to minimize movement. This approach creates mild TBI by a pressure wave that acts on the brain, with minimal accompanying head acceleration-deceleration. A single 20-psi blast yields no functional deficits or brain injury, while a single 25-40 psi blast yields only slight motor deficits and brain damage. By contrast, a single 50-60 psi blast produces significant visual, motor, and neuropsychiatric impairments and axonal damage and microglial activation in major fiber tracts, but no contusive brain injury. This model thus reproduces the widespread axonal injury and functional impairments characteristic of closed-head mild TBI, without the complications of systemic or ocular blast effects or head acceleration that typically occur in other blast or impact models of closed-skull mild TBI. Accordingly, our model provides a simple way to examine the biomechanics, pathophysiology, and functional deficits that result from TBI and can serve as a reliable platform for testing therapies that reduce brain pathology and deficits.

Clinical Significance of Bone Marrow Imaging of Appendicular Skeletons By Low-Dose Multi-Detector Computed Tomography in Patients with Bone Marrow Failure Syndrome

Background: Aplastic anemia (AA), paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are the heterogeneous group of bone marrow failure syndrome (BMFs). AS they often show profound hypocellular marrow, the diagnosis is often difficult by bone marrow and laboratory examination alone. Red to yellow marrow conversion occurs with age in the appendicular skeleton (AS), where red marrow is converted to yellow marrow until the age of early 20s. Although abnormal distribution of red marrow in appendicular skeleton were previously reported in small series of patients with MDS, leukemia and lymphoma by MRI, no further study has published so far. Here, we examined distribution of red marrow in AS by low-dose multi-detector CT (MDCT) in BMFs patients, and analyzed the relationship between the abnormal medullary pattern in AS and laboratory variables. The relationship between the MDCT pattern and subsequent development of leukemic transformation on survivals was analyzed in patients with BMFs.Patients: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 138 untreated patients (AA n=36, PNH n=5, and MDS n=97) with BMFs diagnosed in the Department of Hematology/Oncology at Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan, from July 2008 to June 2014. Follow-up MDCTs were evaluated in 28 MDS patients when they were diagnosed as overt AML (MDS/tAML). Retrospective review of clinical and laboratory features including complete blood count, % of bone marrow blast, chromosomal analysis, and International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) at diagnosis was performed. WHO classification of patients with MDS was as follows: RCUD (n=21), RARS (n=2), RCMD (n=26), RAEB (n=43), and, MDS unclassified (MDS-U) (n=5). Leukemia-free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed in 73 patients with MDS who were ≥65 years of age and ineligible for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo SCT) by the Kaplan-Meier.CT image acquisition and Image analysis: Non-enhanced CT examinations were performed from the skull to the knees by MDCT scanner (Aquilion 64, Tohshiba, Tokyo, Japan). Bony canal of humeral and femoral bone were visualized by coronal and sagittal axis image reconstruction. Medullary CT density of humerus and femurs were measured and the results were expressed as Hounsfield unit (HU). As the normal adult bone marrow was composed of rich adipocytes and called yellow marrow, it is represented by low density CT value between -30 to -100 HU. The value above -30 HU observed in long bony canals was considered as high density. Medullary pattern of AS were categorized as follows: (1) fatty pattern; showing a low signal density marrow (2) focal pattern; showing abnormally focal high density lesions (3) diffuse pattern; showing uniformly high density marrow.Results: All 36 patients with AA showed a fatty (n=13, 36.1%) or focal (n=23, 63.9%) pattern in medullary AS on MDCT, and none of them showed diffuse pattern. Five patients with PNH showed as follows: fatty/focal/diffuse, 1/3/1. Ninety-seven patients with MDS showed as follows: fatty/focal/diffuse, 24/46/27. Patients with MDS who showed diffuse pattern had a significantly low hemoglobin concentration compared to those with fatty or focal pattern (p=0.03). Among the patients with MDS, most of the patients with RCUD (n=21), RARS (n=2), RCMD (n=26), MDS-U (n=5) showed the fatty or focal pattern (fatty or focal/diffuse pattern; RCUD (18/3), RARS (2/0), RCMD (21/5), MDS-U (5/0)), but approximately half (46%) of patients with RAEB showed diffuse pattern (fatty/focal/diffuse pattern; 7/17/19). In addition, patients with transformed to MDS/tAML showed either focal (n=10, 35.7%) or diffuse (n=18, 64.3%) pattern and none of them showed fatty pattern. In 73 patients with MDS who were ≥65 years of age and ineligible for allo SCT, the group with focal or diffuse pattern had significantly shorter LFS and OS compared to the group with fatty pattern (p=0.01, p=0.05, respectively). Patients with focal pattern in AS showed longer LFS than those with diffuse pattern (p=0.05), but difference was not statistically significant in OS (p=0.22).Conclusions: This study showed that MDCT imaging of the appendicular skeletons provided important information for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with BM. In patients with MDS, focal or diffuse pattern on MDCT showed negative prognostic impact on LFS and OS, and these patterns appeared to reflect the status of disease. [Display omitted] [Display omitted] [Display omitted] DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Rhabdomyosarcoma of Soft Tissues in an Adult Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

This report describes a spontaneously arising rhabdomyosarcoma of soft tissues in a brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). The lesion was examined by means of histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cross-reactivity of the primary antibodies used in the IHC was investigated in silico using the Protein Blast system. Microscopically, the lesion appeared as a 'small round cell' undifferentiated sarcoma with rare myotube formation. IHC identified expression of sarcomeric actin and vimentin and these molecules showed the highest protein sequence identity. Lower protein sequence identity coincided with negative immunolabelling for desmin, MyoD1, myogenin and CD3. TEM revealed myofibrils, but without a defined sarcomeric architecture. The diagnosis of solid alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of soft tissues was achieved on the basis of histological and ultrastructural findings.