Blank Characters Research Articles

Zaskarżalność odmowy sporządzenia odpisów lub kopii akt w postępowaniu przygotowawczym

The term "providing access to files" in the article 159 of the Polish Code of Civil Procedure has blank character, referring to the regulations stipulating the rights and obligations related to the provision of files in the preparatory proceedings. Therefore, the meaning of this term should be decoded in reference to other regulations. It was shown that terms "providing access to files", "making excerpts or copies" and "issuing certified excerpts or copies" in the article 156 § 5 constitute arguments of conjunction, as a result of which a procedural decision must be of the same type (positive or negative) and must cover all parts of the conjunction together. It was also proved that making the files available in such a way that a party could record their contents is supported by functional interpretation and guarantees under the right of defense.

Анализ регулярности матриц

The paper investigates the problem of analyzing the regularity of multidimensional matrices based on the repetition of significant (non-empty) characters in the matrix cells. Such a repetition means that when the matrix is shifted along one or more of its coordinates, some significant characters are preserved. For each shift repeated r times, the regularity number is entered as the product of rs, where s is the number of significant symbols that persist for all r repetitions of the shift. Two numerical characteristics of matrix regularity are introduced: the regularity sum and the regularity coefficient. The regularity sum is defined as the sum of the regularity numbers for all possible matrix shifts and allows you to compare the regularity of matrices of the same form, i.e. the same dimension and the same size with the same arrangement of non-empty characters. The regularity coefficient allows you to compare the regularity of arbitrary matrices and is defined as the percentage of the sum of the regularity of a matrix to the sum of the regularity of the «most regular» matrix (all significant symbols of which are the same) of the same form. Algorithms for calculating the sum and regularity coefficient of a matrix are proposed and implemented in computer programs. As an applied area, the article uses the analysis of the regular structure of the poems of the ancient Chinese «Canon of Poems» (Shih-ching). The poem is represented by a four-dimensional matrix, its coordinates are a stanza, a line in a stanza, a verse in a line, and a hieroglyph in a verse; blank characters equalize the sizes of verses, lines and stanzas. The article presents generalizing results of computer experiments with all 305 poems of Shih-ching.

Sketchy Lesbians: Carol as History and Fantasy

Rather than a forward-looking lesbian representation, Todd Haynes's Carol, an adaptation by Phyllis Nagy of Patricia Highsmith's 1952 novel, The Price of Salt, looks to images and affective investments of the past to explore lesbian representability, the historical discourses and aesthetic codes through which desire between women can be recognized. The collaboration brings together preoccupations from Haynes's oeuvre and themes from Highsmith's that question reception of the film in terms of a happy ending and future progress. Through evocative art direction, camerawork, and star performances, the film invites the viewer to share the perspective of Therese (Rooney Mara), a nearly blank character written as Highsmith's stand-in, who is subsumed by desire for Carol (Cate Blanchett), a wealthy, discontented suburban wife and mother whom she meets by chance. The lovers’ exclusivity, and even their persecution, are understood as elements of fantasy that ultimately shed light on queer history.

A Study on The Fictionalization of the Film 「April Snow」 - By extending the blank space, character and description through the array of images -

A Study on The Fictionalization of the Film 「April Snow」 - By extending the blank space, character and description through the array of images -

Lexicon and hidden Markov model-based optimisation of the recognised Sinhala script

The Brahmi descended Sinhala script is used by 75% of the 18 million population in Sri Lanka. To the best of our knowledge, none of the Brahmi descended scripts used by hundreds of millions of people in South Asia, possess commercial OCR products. In the process of implementation of an OCR system for the printed Sinhala script which is easily adoptable to similar scripts [Premaratne, L., Assabie, Y., Bigun, J., 2004. Recognition of modification-based scripts using direction tensors. In: 4th Indian Conf. on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing (ICVGIP2004), pp. 587–592]; a segmentation-free recognition method using orientation features has been proposed in [Premaratne, H.L., Bigun, J., 2004. A segmentation-free approach to recognise printed Sinhala script using linear symmetry. Pattern Recognition 37, 2081–2089]. Due to the limitations in image analysis techniques the character level accuracy of the results directly produced by the proposed character recognition algorithm saturates at 94%. The false rejections from the recognition algorithm are initially identified only as ‘missing character positions’ or ‘blank characters’. It is necessary to identify suitable substitutes for such ‘missing character positions’ and optimise the accuracy of words to an acceptable level. This paper proposes a novel method that explores the lexicon in association with the hidden Markov models to improve the rate of accuracy of the recognised script. The proposed method could easily be extended with minor changes to other modification-based scripts consisting of confusing characters. The word-level accuracy which was at 81.5% is improved to 88.5% by the proposed optimisation algorithm.

Swedish norms for completion of word stems and unique word fragments.

Swedish norms for completion of word stems and single-solution word fragments, with few or many letters specified, were obtained from Swedish students. Comparisons were made for completion rates between stems and fragments that were possible to complete with the same word. As expected, completion rates for fragments were generally superior to those of word stems since the word stems allowed alternative completions. Adding one letter to the word stems and fragments resulted in a significant increase in the probability of completion, for both stems and fragments. A stepwise regression analysis was conducted in order to partial out factors determining the completion probability for fragments. The ratio of specified letters to blank characters, and the familiarity of the solution was found to be the most important factors. Finally, the effect of number of given letters in the word stem on the number of generated words per stem was studied. The mean number of words generated per stem was found to be equal for both two- and three-letter word stems.

Blank characters in tachistoscopic recognition: space has both a symbolic and a sensory role.

Blank characters in tachistoscopic recognition: space has both a symbolic and a sensory role.