Black Sea Shore Research Articles

COLLECTIONS OF PROMINENT BOTANISTS IN E. E. LINDEMANN’ HERBARIUM COLLECTION (MSUD)

By making inventory of E. E. Lindemann collection there were picked up 10 herbarisators from more than 500, which contribution was more than 100 h.l. It was emphasized the role of the botanists to be connected with Novorussia university: P. S. Schesterikow, N. K. Sredinski, I. Ja. Akinfiew, and those, who worked in first and second halves of XIX cent.: Em. Lindemann, B. Schmid, M. Gandoger, T. M. Augustinovicz, J. S. Medewedew, G. Tauscher. Those investigators herbarium collections enveloped territory not only the Black Sea shore, but another parts of Earth

Electromagnetic Waves at the Black Sea Shore [Chapter News

Electromagnetic Waves at the Black Sea Shore [Chapter News

Динамика видового состава ихтиофауны прибрежных вод Черного моря в районе Cевастополя

Динамика видового состава ихтиофауны прибрежных вод Черного моря в районе Cевастополя

First record of Eurypanopeus depressus (Smith, 1869) (Brachyura, Panopeidae) from the Black Sea

Eurypanopeus depressus (Smith, 1869) was observed in Constanţa on the Romanian Black Sea shore in 2013. Herein, this species, which was previously only reported from the western Atlantic, is recorded for the first time in European waters. Some morphological details significant for the species are described, with an emphasis on the setae of the 3rd maxilliped.

Roman lamps discovered at Histria, in the Acropolis Centre‐South Sector (2013 and 2015)

Even if it represents an important ceramic category, given the quantity of material discovered during archaeological excavations, as well as the chronological information they offer, lamps have not drawn enough the attention of the specialists. The fragments presented in this paper pertain to seven types, six of which were produced in the eastern part of the Empire or were imitated in the provinces on the western Black Sea shore, while the last type is a North African production.

Canis familiaris in Olbia Pontica: Shepherds, Hunters, Pets, Pariahs

The present article explores dog breeding in one of the biggest ancient Greek states of the northern Black Sea shore, the polis of Olbia. It outlines the species composition of dog breeds kept by the Greeks: shepherds, scent hounds, greyhounds, toy dogs as well as pariah dogs. The author demonstrates that dog breeding in Olbia generally reflects all the trends common to the Greek world with some specific features, such as presence of breeds of Scythian or forest steppe origin.

Duct occurrence and characteristics for Bulgarian Black sea shore derived from ECMWF data

Non-standard propagation due to sharp gradients in tropospheric refraction is known to have significant impact on radar and communication systems working in microwave range. The formation of tropospheric ducts is the most severe deviation from the standard propagation conditions. The presented study reports results on the tropospheric ducts' occurrence and properties along the Bulgarian Black sea shore. The meteorology needed to reconstruct the refractivity profiles is derived from ECMWF current operational model, TL799L91, and refers to two-year period. Statistics of essential duct parameters for surface, surface-based and elevated ducts are reported for the summer months and overall duct statistics are given for the other seasons.

Rock magnetism of a loess-palaeosol sequence from the western Black Sea shore (Romania)

Rock magnetism of a loess-palaeosol sequence from the western Black Sea shore (Romania)

THE MUDFLOW DISTRIBUTION ON THE BLACK SEA SHORES OF THE CAUCASUS (WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF RUSSIA)

There are two stages in the investigation of the mudflows on the Black Sea shores of the Krasnodar Territory the descriptive stage (1903-1963) and special purposed investigations (1963 - present days). The long showers and abundant precipitations originating from the tornado collapsed over the land are the sources of the fluid component of the mudflows. In the four regions of the seashore the sources of solid material of the mudflows are different. Within the Novorossiysk region the mining of the cement primary products - marl plays an important role. In the Gelengic region landslides and earth falls are the main sources of solid material. In the Tuapse region the erosion in the small erosional forms makes the main contribution to mudflows. In the Large Sochi region the mudflows appear in the result of different processes due to diversity of natural conditions and ever-increasing human impact. On the whole the mudflows intensity in the Black Sea shores is much less then in the other mountain regions of the Great Caucasus due to more forestation and less relief amplitudes.

Enhancing Social Emotional Learning: Drama with Host and Refugee Children in Turkey

Close combat in other words the war which causes migration is a main problem in some Muslim countries. This study is about facilitating social emotional learning and enhancing intimate relation between host and refugee children in Sinop. Drama sessions were occurred in the most north part of Turkey in Sinop. Sinop is one of the small cities in Turkey in Black Sea shore which situated in a peninsula. There were ten drama sessions held with 50 students. The students are studying in third and fourth classes in primary school. 25 students were Turkish and 25 students were refugee children. Those refugee children are from Afghanistan, Iraq and Iran. The study conducted as a qualitative. 50 students were interviewed after ten drama sessions. Social emotional learning’s five core competences are main themes of this study. These are self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, responsible decision-making and problem solving. They are the main themes retrieving from interviews.

Arhitectura epocii Latene din Munții Șureanu (Sebeșului). O analiză metodologică / The Architecture of the Late Iron Age in the Șureanu (Sebeșului) Mountains. A Methodological Approach

Arhitectura epocii Latene din Munții Șureanu (Sebeșului). O analiză metodologică / The Architecture of the Late Iron Age in the Șureanu (Sebeșului) Mountains. A Methodological Approach

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in marine organisms from the Romanian sector of the Black Sea

The aim of this research was to study the accumulation of heavy metals (cadmium - Cd, lead - Pb, chromium - Cr, nickel - Ni, and copper - Cu) from water and sediments into living tissues of relevant marine species from different trophic levels of a food web, representative for shallow waters of the Romanian Black Sea Coast where the main anthropogenic impacts exist. The heavy metals concentrations were analysed by using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer with graphite furnace, the results being further used to calculate the bioconcentration factors for a few key taxa like green and red algae, molluscs and fishes. Seven sampling sites influenced by anthropogenic pollution sources (municipal wastewater treatment plants and diffuse sources) were considered and a total of 300 samples were analysed for the period 2011-2012, this being the first unitary study for the Romanian Black Sea marine ecosystem. In 2011 and 2012 there were no significant differences between the sampling areas considering the heavy metals concentrations in water. For the sediments significant differences were observed between sampling sites for some heavy metals, namely Pb in 2011 and Pb, Cu and Cd in 2012, the highest concentrations being registered in the southern sector of the Romanian Black Sea shore, where the anthropogenic pollution sources are represented by the harbour and wastewater treatment plants. The values of the bioaccumulation factors (BCFsed) shows that algae are good accumulators for Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr>Cd, in comparison with BCFwater where the order of heavy metal accumulation was different: Cr>Ni>Pb>Cd>Cu. Molluscs have higher bioconcentration factors for Cu and Cd for sediments and for Cu and Ni for water. Rapana venosa accumulated more Cd and Cu. For fishes, Pb, Cu and Ni had the highest values in the tissues of benthonic species Mullus barbatus. In bivalve molluscs and fishes, in the majority of cases, there were not recorded exceeding mean concentrations as compared to the maximum allowed concentrations for Cd and Pb.

Environmental Concerns in EU–Black Sea Affairs

The European Union's (EU) environmental concerns vis-à-vis the Black Sea stem from various factors such as: the quest of the EU to reaffirm itself as a global actor; the development of the legal–institutional framework that regulates the relations between the EU and its near abroad; and the enlargement process, which provided the EU with direct access to the Black Sea shores. Following an institutionalist approach, this paper analyses how the EU's concerns, strategies and institutional/policy responses to tackle environmental problems in the region have evolved over time. Drawing on the concept of ‘actorness’, it discusses to what extent the adoption of an effective EU-led approach to environmental issues may strengthen the role of the EU in the region and elsewhere.

I. DÜNYA SAVAŞI SIRASINDA RUS DONANMASININ TRABZON VE ÇEVRESİNİ BOMBALAMASI

Osmanli Devleti’nin Birinci Dunya Savasi’nda mucadele ettigi cepheler icinde, gelecege yonelik en agir ve dikkate deger gelismeler hic kuskusuz Kafkas Cephesi’nde meydana gelmistir. Savasin baslangiciyla birlikte Rus donanmasi Osmanli Devleti’nin Karadeniz’deki limanlarini ve kiyi sehirlerini bombalamaya baslamistir. Kafkas Cephesi’nin cokmesi ve ustunlugun Rus ordusuna gecmesiyle denizden ve karadan Rus ordusunun kiskacina giren Dogu Karadeniz Bolgesi, 1916-18 yillari arasinda cok dramatik olaylara sahne olmustur. Bunlardan en onemlisi bolge Muslumanlarinin bati illerine dogru baslatmis olduklari kitlesel goc olayidir. Bolgede “Muhacirlik” olarak adlandirilan bu donem halkin sosyal hafizasinda derin izler birakmis ve sozlu kulturle gunumuze kadar ulasmistir. Ocak 1916’da Lazistan Sancagi kiyilarinda baslayan Rus bombardimani ve ardindan yasanan isgal, 18 Nisan’da Trabzon Vilayeti’nin merkez sancagi olan Trabzon sehrinin isgaliyle sonuclanmistir. Bu makalede, hem soz konusu surecte yasanan askeri harekât Rus ve Turk taraflarinin kayitlariyla ele alinmis, hem de Trabzon Vilayeti kiyilarina yonelik Rus bombardimanlarinin verdigi zayiatlar degerlendirilmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Trabzon Vilayeti, Lazistan Sancagi, Rus bombardimani, Muhacirlik, Rus isgali.

Sevastopol: Crimean Citadel from Potemkin to Putin

Many saw Russia's annexation of Crimea in March 2014 as a throwback not only to the Cold War, but to earlier memories of Russian imperialist aggression. In such a heated climate, it is essential to understand not only the strategic calculations of contemporary Russia but also its historical, cultural and emotional links to a region that has, for centuries, been at the heart of Russian national identity. Mungo Melvin brings to life this longstanding relationship in a historical, literary and military journey through the birth and struggles of Sevastopol, Crimea's iconic citadel on the Black Sea shores.

First record of the tobacco flea beetle Epitrix hirtipennis Melsheimer [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae] in Russia

The invasive pest of tobacco Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer, 1847) is recorded in Russia for the first time. In April 2013 two specimens were collected in Sochi and in May one specimen was collected in Tuapse (near the Black Sea shore, in the Northern Caucasus). Epitrix hirtipennis is native to North and Central America. It was first recorded in the EPPO region in 1983 in Italy. It was subsequently recorded in the Azores (Portugal), Greece, Turkey, FYR of Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Syria. Epitrix hirtipennis is the first known alien flea beetle in Russia.

High-resolution OSL dating of the Costineşti section (Dobrogea, SE Romania) using fine and coarse quartz

Previous studies on the application of optically stimulated luminescence dating on quartz extracted from Romanian loess yielded inconsistent age estimates between different grain sizes. The present work reports a high-resolution SAR-OSL chronology for the L1 (MIS 2–4), S1 (MIS 5) and L2 (MIS 6) units of the loess-palaeosol profile from Costineşti, that contains at least five loess-palaeosol alternations and is located on the Black Sea Shore (Dobrogea, SE Romania). Analysis were performed on fine (4–11 μm) and coarse (63–90 μm) quartz grains extracted from 25 samples collected at very high resolution (10–20 cm). Luminescence investigations confirm the reliability of the SAR-OSL dating protocol previously applied to Romanian loess (preheat at 220 °C for 10 s, cutheat to 180 °C and elevated temperature OSL (ETOSL). The dose–response curve is best described by the sum of two saturating exponential functions. The results confirm the different saturation characteristics of fine and coarse grains of quartz, as reported in previous studies on loess sections in SE Romania. The equivalent doses obtained for coarse grains are higher than those obtained for fine grains, for all samples. The fine quartz OSL age estimates are significantly younger than the coarse quartz age results, as in the case of previous studies on the Mircea-Vodă and Mostiştea loess sections. Coarse quartz in samples collected from the upper part of S1 yielded ages of 94 ± 11 ka, 116 ± 11 ka and 120 ± 10 ka that do not seem to underestimate the true burial age. The same observation applies to the upper part of L2. Overall, from the luminescence results it can be concluded that the S1 palaeosol formed during the MIS 5, and the discrepancy observed on coarse and fine quartz OSL ages is a general feature of SE Romanian loess.

RETHINKING THE BLACK SEA: BETWEEN THE TRANS-ATLANTIC AND THE EURASIAN PROJECTS

The Black Sea region as a buffer between great powers and cordon sanitaire was and still is important in European history. After the 18th century, the Russian empire began a gradual but unstoppable move towards the conquest of the region, leading to a setback for Turkish influence. The Crimean War enabled Western powers to contain Russian expansion for some decades. For small and medium-sized countries like Romania, it is difficult to erase historic experiences from their collective memory. During the Cold War, the Black Sea was a virtual “Soviet lake” from a military point of view. The West controlled only the straits “owned” by Turkey following the Montreux Convention. After the implosion of the USSR, this strategic area was neglected by the Western powers and viewed by the Russian Federation as a traditional sphere of influence. Since 1991, Ukraine holds about 30% of the northern shore of the Black Sea, Georgia controls roughly 12% of the maritime littoral (including the separatist territories) while Russia owns about 13% of the Black Sea shores. Turkey and Ukraine hold the biggest share of the Black Sea shore. Generally speaking, during the two last decades, there have been two competing visions about the future: the Euro-Atlantic one, which insists on opening and internationalising the sea, and the Eurasian vision, which wants the Black Sea to remain closed and impenetrable to foreign interferences. This article deals with these issues.doi: 10.5787/41-1-1051

Environmental dose rate distribution along the Romanian Black Sea Shore

The ambient dose rate distribution, measured along the Southern sector of Romanian Black Sea shore, between Vama Veche in South and Chituc sandbank in North gave, with some notable exception, values between 34 and 54 nSv/h, lower than the 90 nSv/h, the average value for Romania. The experimental dose rates increase northward, reaching a maximum in the vicinity the Chituc sandbank, i.e. at the Vadu and Corbu beaches. According to gamma ray measurements performed in the Slanic-Prahova Low-Background Radiation Laboratory on the sand collected from the same location, the natural radionuclides have a major contribution to observes dose rate while the contribution of the anthropogenic 137Cs, 26 years after Chernobyl accident, remains almost negligible. By taking into account both activity concentrations of radionuclides and the contribution of cosmic rays, we have calculated the local values of dose rate, which showed to be, within experimental uncertainties, coincident with the experimental ones. Moreover, on Chituc sandbank, we have noticed the presence of some local maxima, two to three times higher than the average ones. Further investigations showed an increased content of natural radionuclides, most probably accumulated in the heavy minerals fraction—a common occurrence in the vicinity of Danube Delta.

Ruins of the Second World War, archeology and memory

The text refers to a neglected category of monuments from Romania, namely the Second World War blockhouses built on the Black Sea shore against a possible invasion by the Soviet Union. Starting from the premise that the archaeological vestiges constitute the “material memory” of the past (Olivier 2008), I argue that the Second World War blockhouses from Romania are ignored because of the memories they contain – memories that can not be used in “heroic” narratives about the recent past and unconfortable for the socio-political projects of the present.