Black Locust Seedlings Research Articles

The Influence of Minimal Cultivation Techniques on Growth Rate of Robinia pseudacacia L. Seedlings

The seed provenance, the type of substrate and its properties, as well as the watering regime in the first years after sowing are among the most important characteristics affecting the production of containerized seedlings. The objective of this study was to analyse the growth of black locust (Robinia pseudacacia L.) seedlings on different types of substrate (six mineral and two organic) with different textures and pHs under three different regimes of available water content (no-limiting, medium drought, severe drought) over a period of five months (May–October 2023), using seeds from three sources located in the southeast, south, and west of Romania. The highest seedling emergence rate (73.7%) was obtained for the medium seeds with 18.492 g weight (1000 seed weighs) (Bucharest provenance). Direct sowing in the field and containerized seedlings both showed a trend of growing in height during unlimited water and of growing in diameter during low watering. The lowest survival rate of seedlings (86.7%) occurred in the mineral substrate in the case of rendzina with additional sand (pH 8.70), and for the organic substrate, the lowest survival rate (87.0%) occurred for the peat MKS 3 substrate (pH 4.54).

Elevated CO2 stimulated glomalin accumulation in soils of black locust seedlings colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under cadmium exposure by 13C isotopic tracer technique

Elevated CO2 stimulated glomalin accumulation in soils of black locust seedlings colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under cadmium exposure by 13C isotopic tracer technique

Effects of elevated CO2 on phenolics in black locust seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under cadmium pollution by 13C isotopic tracer technique

Effects of elevated CO2 on phenolics in black locust seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under cadmium pollution by 13C isotopic tracer technique

Historical overview of the Deliblato sands afforestation

Deliblato Sands is one of the largest sandy areas in Europe. Given that developing of vegetation on the sand is a slow process, followed by human activities that devastate the plant cover (grazing, deforestation), the free-moving sand on Deliblato Sands exited until the 18th century. Unbound sand hindered the development of agriculture in the entire southern Banat region, so it was necessary to start a more intensive process of restraining sand masses. The afforestation of this area began in 1818 and is still ongoing. In the process of afforestation, nine periods can be recognized that differ in relation to afforestation/reforestation techniques, the choice of species or the organizational structure of the forestry units (and countries) of the area of Deliblato Sands belonged throughout history.The most significant results in the binding of free moving sand were achieved by the application of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) seedlings with juniper scrub (Juniperus communis L.) laid down on open sandy areas and sowing different species of grass between the rows of seedlings. This technique has been applied since the IV afforestation period (1878-1898). The largest areas were afforested in the V period (1898-1918), when parts of Deliblato Sands were formally protected for the first time in history as areas of importance for the preservation of biodiversity. The species most used in afforestation are black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), Scots pine and black pine (Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold), poplars (Populus sp.), and some shrubby (e.g. Juniperus virginiana L.) and herbaceous species (e. g. Ammophilla arenaria (L.) Link, Festuca vaginata Willd., Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst., Carex arenaria L.). Today, Robinia pseudoacacia L. is most common tree species on Deliblato Sands and it occupies almost a third of the entire area.

Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on low molecular weight soluble compounds in the rhizosphere soil of black locust seedlings grown in cadmium-contaminated soils under elevated CO2 scenarios

Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on low molecular weight soluble compounds in the rhizosphere soil of black locust seedlings grown in cadmium-contaminated soils under elevated CO2 scenarios

Nitrogen and light regulate symbiotic nitrogen fixation by a temperate forest tree.

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) is a critical mechanism of ecosystem recovery, and in forests of the eastern United States, the most common tree species that supports SNF is black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). Despite its prevalence, black locust's fixation strategy-whether it maintains fixation at a constant rate (obligate fixation) or reduces its fixation rate (facultative fixation)-is unknown. Here, we examined how nitrogen and light control SNF by black locust, by growing seedlings under two nitrogen levels and across four levels of light. Seedlings were harvested after 12weeks to determine biomass changes, nodule activity, and photosynthetic rates. Black locust seedlings increased biomass growth with increasing light, but only in the absence of nitrogen addition, while seedling root:shoot (biomass) modestly declined with increasing light regardless of nitrogen level. We found that black locust behaved like a facultative fixer, and regulated fixation by excising or maintaining nodules, and by controlling nodule biomass and activity. Specifically, nitrogen addition reduced seedling investment in nodule biomass (g g-1) by 63%, and reduced seedling allocation to nitrogen fixation (µmol C2H4 g-1h-1) by 66%. In contrast, light affected nitrogen fixation through two indirect pathways. First, light increased plant growth, and hence nitrogen demands, which caused an increase in nitrogen fixation proportional to biomass. Second, light increasd photosynthetic activity, which was positively associated with nodule activity, but only in the absence of nitrogen addition. Our findings for how black locust regulates SNF can improve predictions of ecosystem SNF under the changing environmental conditions.

Regulation of the growth of sprouting roots of black locust seedlings using root barrier panels

How can we regulate an invasive alien species of high commercial value? Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) has a unique capacity for seed dispersal and high germination. Field surveys indicate that black locust increases its growing area with sprouting roots and the elongation of horizontal roots at a soil depth of 10 cm. Therefore, a method to regulate the development of horizontal roots could be effective in slowing the invasiveness of black locust. In this study, root barrier panels were tested to inhibit the growth of horizontal roots. Since it is labor intensive to observe the growth of roots in the field, it was investigated in a nursery setting. The decrease in secondary flush, an increase in yellowed leaflets, and the height in the seedlings were measured. Installing root barrier panels to a depth of 30 cm effectively inhibit the growth of horizontal roots of young black locust.

Provenance-specific photosynthetic and physiological sensitivity of Robinia pseudoacacia L.-rhizobia association to low phosphorus availability

In terrestrial ecosystems, the mechanisms that allow plants to adapted to low P availability are largely not understood, particularly for woody legume woody. Here, we investigated the responses of rhizobia inoculation and low phosphorus (P) availability on black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) from different geographic origins of China. For this purpose, black locust seedlings from two provenances with distinct climatic and soil background, i.e., the Gansu Province (GS) of Northwest China and the Dongbei region (DB) of Northeast China, were exposed to sufficient (0.5 mM) and low P availability (0.5 µM) with and without rhizobia inoculation in a greenhouse for two months. The rhizobia strain used for inoculation was obtained from a black locust forest stand of 50-years-old in the Shandong Province of East China. CO2 and H2O gas exchange parameters as well as foliar physiological traits were measured. Our results indicated significantly different provenance-specific responses to inoculation and low P availability. Compared to sufficient P supply, inoculated DB Robinia showed a 57.6% decrease in whole plant biomass and a 49.2% decrease in the number of nodules at low P supply. However, low P availability had no effects on biomass accumulation of GS Robinia and increased its nodule formation by 240%. Still, gas exchange parameters and foliar physiological traits of GS Robinia plants were more responsive to low P supply than in DB plants. When inoculated with rhizobia at low P treatment, Robinia plants seem to use P preferentially for nodule production, thus weakening photosynthesis (86%) and reducing total biomass (58%) compared to non-inoculated plants. From these results it is concluded that GS Robinia may constitute a feasible candidate provenance for future afforestation programs of vulnerable terrestrial ecosystems. However, long-term systemic studies are needed in future to elucidate the physiological mechanisms of its adaption to low P availability.

Effects of Biochar-Based Fertilizers on Energy Characteristics and Growth of Black Locust Seedlings

To understand ecological and energy problems in the karst area of Guizhou, China, the effects of using biochar-based fertilizers on the energy characteristics of different species of black locust were studied. To determine the most suitable species and the best rational application method of biochar, an outdoor pot experiment was performed using three species of black locust (White-flowered locust (W), Hong-sen locust (S), and Large-leaf fast-growing locust (L)). There were six treatments: control (CK), MF, RH2MF, RH4MF, W2MF, and W4MF (M—compost; F—NPK fertilizer; RH—rice husk biochar; and W—wood biochar), where the numbers represented the mass ratio of biochar to soil. Biochar-based fertilizers had significant effects on the total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total potassium (TK), branch gross calorific values (GCV), and ash removal calorific values (AFCV) of seedlings. RH4MF had the best overall values. Different species had significant effects in all indicators (except for TN); the effect on S was better than that of W and L. Principal component analysis showed that RH4MF-S had the highest comprehensive scores. In summary, Hong-sen locust (S) was a high-quality energy species and RH4MF may be used as fertilization for energy forest development. This study provides a reference for future long-term energy forest research in this area.

Elevated atmospheric CO2 generally improved soluble sugars content in the rhizosphere soil of black locust seedlings under cadmium exposure

Elevated atmospheric CO2 generally improved soluble sugars content in the rhizosphere soil of black locust seedlings under cadmium exposure

Потенціал вирощування робінії звичайної (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) на порушених землях Східної Німеччини

Проаналізовано результати модельних проектів із розведення швидкозростаючих порід дерев для виробництва відновлюваної сировини в короткому циклі у лісових насадженнях та на рекультивованих після добування бурого вугілля землях Східної Німеччини. Особливу увагу звернено на робінію звичайну, оскільки її рекомендують вирощувати на малопродуктивних і порушених землях, а не за рахунок площі корінних листяних насаджень. На дев'яти дослідних територіях Бранденбурга (Східна Німеччина) проводять випробування нових концепцій культивування робінії звичайної для енергетичного використання деревини. Розробляють шляхи мобілізації раніше невикористаних, але стабільно доступних запасів деревини робінії відповідно до "Національного плану дій щодо біомаси для Німеччини" (2009). Перевагу надають економічно обґрунтованому поводженню з наявними лісовими культурами робінії на малопродуктивних і рекультивованих землях. Встановлено придатність робінії звичайної для вирощування з метою енергетичного використання на малопродуктивних землях із невеликою кількістю опадів. Оцінено потенціал біомаси робінії звичайної у Бранденбурзі, який можна мобілізувати вирощуванням робінії в короткому плантаційному циклі. Інтенсивність росту робінії звичайної була високою вже в перший рік вирощування. Дослідження підтверджують важливість властивостей ґрунту, зокрема води, доступної рослинам, аерації ґрунту та глибини кореневмісного шару для продуктивного росту й розвитку саджанців робінії звичайної. Висока інтенсивність коренепаросткового відтворення робінії є сприятливою для її вирощування з енергетичною метою. Застосування відповідної технології лісозаготівлі для невеликих площ та невеликий річний приріст за діаметром основи робінієвого пагона (на висоті зрізання приблизно 5 см) ускладнюють технологічний процес. Для його оптимізації потрібні короткі транспортні маршрути до споживача та можливості сушіння деревини. Висока щільність деревини робінії зумовлює високу теплоту згоряння її тріски. Робінія звичайна на малопродуктивних землях в умовах низької кількості опадів має високий приріст біомаси у перші п'ять років.

Verifying the Utility of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) in the Reclamation of a Lignite Combustion Waste Disposal Site in Central European Conditions

N-fixing tree species, such as black locust, have achieved very promising results in the reclamation of technosols, especially those at combustion waste disposal sites, which have extremely poor nutrients and adverse physicochemical parameters. This paper presents an assessment of the survival rates, growth parameters, and quality and vitality of and nutrient supply (NPK) to black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) specimens that were experimentally planted on a lignite combustion waste disposal site. The black locust seedlings were introduced directly into the combustion waste using two variants of NPK (7% N, 5.5% P2O5, and 9% K2O) fertilisation, at doses of 250 and 500 kg ha−1, and in control plots with no mineral fertilisation. No significant impacts of the applied mineral fertilisation were found on the soil properties, growth parameters, or nutrient supplies to the trees. Black locust introduced to the landfill after three years of revegetation was characterised by a very high survival rate of 95%–100%, as well as good growth parameters (height and diameter at the root collar). Nutrient supply was determined on the basis of the chemical composition of the leaves, which indicated an adequate supply of nitrogen, similar to levels found under natural conditions. In the case of K and P, the supply levels were lower than optimal when compared with data from the literature. However, at this initial stage of tree development on the combustion waste disposal site, nutrient supply is similar on all variants and is not a critical factor for successful black locust introduction. We suggest using growth parameters, survival, and vitality of trees as decisive factors for the reclamation of combustion waste landfill sites strategy. All these factors confirmed the usefulness of black locust to the reclamation of combustion waste disposal sites.

Rhizoglomus intraradices Improves Plant Growth, Root Morphology and Phytohormone Balance of Robinia pseudoacacia in Arsenic-Contaminated Soils

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to improve the resistance of host plants against various heavy metal stresses. However, the arsenic (As) resistance mechanism of AMF-inoculated woody legumes remains unclear. In this study, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) seedlings were cultivated in potted soils inoculated with or without AMF Rhizoglomus intraradices under three different levels of As stress (0, 100, and 200 mg As kg–1 soil) over 4 months. The objective of this paper was to investigate the effects of AMF on plant growth, root morphology, and the content and ratio of endogenous phytohormones and soil glomalin under As stress condition. As stress toxicity suppressed the AM spore germination and colonization, plant growth, and the content of soil glomalin and changed the morphological characteristics of the roots and the balance of endogenous hormone levels in plants. However, R. intraradices inoculation improved the shoot and root dry weights, total root length, root surface area, root volume, and the number of root forks and tips across all As treatments. R. intraradices inoculation obviously decreased the percentage of root length in the 0- to 0.2-mm diameter class and increased those in the 0.5- to 1.0-mm and >1.0-mm diameter classes; the percentages in the 0.2- to 0.5-mm diameter class were less affected by R. intraradices inoculation. The concentrations of the easily extractable glomalin-related (EE-GRSP) and total glomalin-related soil protein (T-GRSP) were higher in the of R. intraradices-inoculated seedlings than those in the non-inoculated seedlings. Furthermore, R. intraradices inoculation increased the concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA), but decreased the concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA) and zeatin riboside (ZR). The phytohormone ratios of IAA/ABA, GA/ABA, ZR/ABA, and (IAA + GA + ZR)/IAA in the R. intraradices-inoculated seedlings were lower than those in the non-inoculated seedlings. These results indicated that R. intraradices alleviated As toxicity in R. pseudoacacia seedlings by improving their plant growth, altering root morphology, regulating the concentrations and ratios of phytohormones, and increasing the concentration of soil glomalin. The results suggested that AMF-inoculated R. pseudoacacia seedlings would be a critical factor in successful vegetation restoration and soil development in As-contaminated soils.

A consecutive 4-year elevated air temperature shaped soil bacterial community structure and metabolic functional groups in the rhizosphere of black locust seedlings exposed to lead pollution

Global warming may influence the bioavailability and mobility of heavy metals by stimulating or inhibiting plant growth, thereby influencing rhizosphere soil chemistry and microbial characteristics. Black locust has been widely planted in China as a promising species for afforestation programs, farmland shelterbelt projects, and soil restoration in mined areas because of its rapid growth and adaptability to environmental stressors. Here, we examined soil bacterial community structure and predicted bacterial metabolic function in the rhizosphere of black locust exposed to elevated temperature (+1.99 °C) and Pb for 4 years. Elevated temperature significantly (p < 0.05) reduced total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and total sulfur (TS) contents in above-ground parts but increased TC and TN contents in roots and seedling height under Pb exposure. Elevated temperature significantly (p < 0.05) increased Pb availability and raised pH, TC, TN, TS and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) contents, and the C:H ratio in rhizosphere soils under Pb exposure. The interactive effects between Pb and temperature on pH, TC, TH, TS, WSOC, and the C:H ratio were significant (p < 0.05). Elevated temperature significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the diversity and the richness of bacterial community, altered genus-level bacterial community composition, and improved (p < 0.05) the relative abundances of some bacteria involving in terpenoids and polyketides and xenobiotics biodegradation metabolism under Pb exposure. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that pH, WSOC, C:N ratio, and soluble Pb were significant (p < 0.05) factors on the relative abundance of bacterial genera, such as Ochrobactrum and Sphingomnas. Overall, long-term elevated temperature resulted in changes in rhizosphere soil characteristics and Pb availability, thus affecting the bacterial community structure and metabolic functional groups. The conclusion helps us understand the response mechanism of soil bacteria in the rhizosphere to heavy metals under global warming scenarios.

Funneliformis mosseae Enhances Root Development and Pb Phytostabilization in Robinia pseudoacacia in Pb-Contaminated Soil.

It is possible that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play a pivotal role in root development and Pb phytostabilization in plants grown in Pb-contaminated soil. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted over 4 months to evaluate the effects of Funneliformis mosseae strain BGCXJ01A on root characteristics of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) seedlings in Pb-contaminated soil. Four Pb treatments (0, 90, 900, and 3,000 mg kg–1) were applied to soil in the presence and absence of F. mosseae. Inoculation with F. mosseae prominently improved root length, surface area, volume, and tip number in the plants across all Pb treatments. The F. mosseae inoculation also increased root diameter and fork number, especially under high Pb treatments. The presence of F. mosseae significantly increased the root activity and root tolerance index. However, there was little difference in specific root length between inoculated and non-inoculated plants. The biomass of roots, stems, and leaves all increased following inoculation with F. mosseae. Inoculated plants had greater accumulation and translocation capacities for Pb in the roots and stems, but lower capacities were found in the leaves when compared with those in non-inoculated plants. These results highlight that F. mosseae can alleviate the toxic effects of Pb on root development and can immobilize Pb in the roots and stems of R. pseudoacacia grown in Pb-contaminated soil. This study provides a model system for phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soil via reciprocal symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and woody legumes.

Exogenous 24-Epibrassinolide Alleviates Effects of Salt Stress on Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis in Robinia pseudoacacia L. Seedlings

The brassinosteroids (BRs) constitute a recently defined class of plant hormone that can enhance the resistance of plants to multiple stresses. However, the effects of BRs on salt-stressed woody plants, notably on photosynthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure, have received little attention. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) seeds and seedlings were pretreated with 1.04 µmol L− 1 24-epibrassinolide (24-epiBL) by soaking and root dipping, respectively, and grown under non-saline or saline conditions (0, 100, 200 mmol L− 1 NaCl). Salinity stress decreased photosynthesis, chlorophyll concentration, transpiration, and stomatal conductance but also decreased the water-use efficiency, while chlorophyll fluorescence indicated a decrease in photochemical quenching and in maximum potential quantum efficiency. Indicators of oxidative stress (for example, H2O2 and antioxidant enzymes), membrane leakage, and amounts of Na+ ions in leaves and chloroplasts were increased and, at the highest stress, chloroplast ultrastructure was severely disrupted. Exogenous 24-epiBL improved membrane stability and reduced foliar Na+ levels, while substantially alleviating stress-induced changes in photosynthetic gas exchange. Improvements in chlorophyll content and indicators of oxidative stress were not as large but were still highly significant. Thylakoid membrane structure was protected. Both methods of applying 24-epiBL were effective, but root-dipped seedlings performed marginally better. The results suggest that treatment of black locust seedlings with 24-epiBL prior to planting may improve performance and aid establishment on salt-affected soils.

Enhanced phytoremdiation of Robinia pseudoacacia in heavy metal-contaminated soils with rhizobia and the associated bacterial community structure and function

Heavy metals can cause serious contamination of soils, especially in mining regions. A detailed understanding of the effects of heavy metals on plants and root-associated microbial communities could help to improve phytoremediation systems. In this study, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) seedlings with or without rhizobial inoculation were planted in soils contaminated with different levels of heavy metals. Bacterial communities in rhizosphere and bulk soil samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform and shotgun metagenome sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq platform. Soil bacterial communities varied significantly depending on the level of soil contamination, and planting also had some influence. Although inoculation of Mesorhizobium loti HZ76 (a natural microsymbiont of R. pseudoacacia) was a relatively minor factor, it did influence the soil bacterial community. Under the selective pressure, plant growth promotion-related biomarkers in the rhizosphere increased after inoculation compared with non-inoculated controls, especially those associated with Mesorhizobium, Variovorax, Streptomyces, and Rhodococcus genera. Genes encoding ATP-binding cassette transporters were up-regulated in the rhizosphere after inoculation compared with genes related to sulfur/nitrogen metabolism. These results provide insight into soil bacterial communities and their functions in the R. pseudoacacia rhizosphere in response to rhizobial inoculation and heavy metal contamination. This knowledge may prove useful for improving phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils.

施用生物炭基肥对喀斯特石灰土磷元素特性的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 施用生物炭基肥对喀斯特石灰土磷元素特性的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201706161097 作者: 作者单位: 南京林业大学,南京林业大学,南京林业大学,南京林业大学,南京林业大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划重点专项（2016YFC0502605）；国家林业局"948"项目（2014-4-24）；“十二五”国家科技支撑计划（2015BAD07B0404）；江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目（PAPD） Effects of biochar-based fertilizer on phosphorus content of karst calcareous soil Author: Affiliation: Nanjing Forestry University,,,,Nanjing Forestry University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以贵州省喀斯特山地石灰土为研究对象，采用盆栽试验方法，研究施用生物炭（稻壳炭）、猪粪堆肥和NPK肥3种肥料制成的生物炭基肥，测定土壤中不同形态磷含量、碱性磷酸酶活性及刺槐幼苗生物量。试验共设10个处理，分别为CK、M、F、MF、RH1MF、RH2MF、RH4MF、RH8MF、RH4M、RH4F（其中CK代表对照，M代表堆肥，F代表化肥，RH代表稻壳炭，数字代表生物炭按炭土质量比计算在生物炭基肥中的配比）。结果表明，施用生物炭基肥可显著提高喀斯特石灰土中总磷、有效磷、有机磷、微生物量磷含量及刺槐幼苗生物量，生物炭高施用量下处理（RH8MF）的效果更好，且4种不同形态的磷含量相互之间呈极显著正相关（P < 0.01）；生物炭中等用量配比下生物炭基肥处理（RH2MF、RH4MF）的土壤碱性磷酸酶活性最高，分别比CK提高82.7%、63.4%。综上所述，施用生物炭基肥，尤其在生物炭较高施用量下，可以显著改善喀斯特石灰土中磷素含量，可改善石灰土中磷素含量较低状况，提高喀斯特山地人工幼林地生态恢复的成效。 Abstract:This study conducted a pot experiment using karst calcareous soil from Guizhou province, focusing on the effects of biochar-based fertilizer (made from rice-husk-derived biochar, pig manure compost, and NPK fertilizer) on the contents of various types of soil phosphorus, soil alkaline phosphatase activity, and biomass of black locust seedlings. Ten treatments were set up:CK, M, F, MF, RH1MF, RH2MF, RH4MF, RH8MF, RH4M,and RH4F (CK is control, M is compost, F is NPK fertilizer, RH is rice-husk-derived biochar and the number is the amount of biochar in the treatment based on the ratio of biochar to soil). Our results showed that the application of biochar-based fertilizer could significantly increase the contents of soil total phosphorus, available phosphorus, organic phosphorus, microbial biomass phosphorus, and seedling biomass, with the strongest effects with the highest biochar application rate (RH8MF). The above 4 different types of phosphorus showed highly significant positive correlations (P < 0.01) with each other. The soil alkaline phosphatase activity was highest with the treatments with the medium biochar application rates (RH2MF and RH4MF), at 82.7% and 63.4% higher than CK respectively. In conclusion, biochar-based fertilizer application, especially at higher biochar addition rates, significantly increased phosphorus content of karst calcareous soil and improved the low-content status, so as to improve the effects of ecological restoration of young artificial woodlands in karst areas. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Subcellular Compartmentalization and Chemical Forms of Lead Participate in Lead Tolerance of Robinia pseudoacacia L. with Funneliformis mosseae.

The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on the subcellular compartmentalization and chemical forms of lead (Pb) in Pb tolerance plants was assessed in a pot experiment in greenhouse conditions. We measured root colonization, plant growth, photosynthesis, subcellular compartmentalization and chemical forms of Pb in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) seedlings inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae isolate (BGC XJ01A) under a range of Pb treatments (0, 90, 900, and 3000 mg Pb kg-1 soil). The majority of Pb was retained in the roots of R. pseudoacacia under Pb stress, with a significantly higher retention in the inoculated seedlings. F. mosseae inoculation significantly increased the proportion of Pb in the cell wall and soluble fractions and decreased the proportion of Pb in the organelle fraction of roots, stems, and leaves, with the largest proportion of Pb segregated in the cell wall fraction. F. mosseae inoculation increased the proportion of inactive Pb (especially pectate- and protein-integrated Pb and Pb phosphate) and reduced the proportion of water-soluble Pb in the roots, stems, and leaves. The subcellular compartmentalization of Pb in different chemical forms was highly correlated with improved plant biomass, height, and photosynthesis in the inoculated seedlings. This study indicates that F. mosseae could improve Pb tolerance in R. pseudoacacia seedlings growing in Pb polluted soils.

The effects of lead stress on photosynthetic function and chloroplast ultrastructure of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings.

In this experiment, the effects of different lead (Pb) concentrations (0, 200, 600, 1000, 1400mgkg-1) on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings were examined. As Pb concentration increased, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance (g s), and mesophyll intercellular carbon dioxide concentration were gradually reduced. Maximal photochemical efficiency, photochemical quenching, and quantum yield also decreased. However, the initial fluorescence and nonphotochemical quenching gradually increased. Chloroplasts swelled owing to local plasmolysis and lost most of their starch content, and their thylakoid lamellae gradually became disordered and loosely packed. When the chloroplast envelope was lost under high Pb stress (≥1000mgkg-1), lipid globules were released into the surrounding mesophyll cell. Multiple regression analysis showed that g s and inactivity of the PSII reaction center had the greatest effect on photosynthetic function, whereas inhibition of electron transport had minimal effects on black locust seedlings under Pb stress.