Black Indian Research Articles

Racial/ethnic disparities in curative-intent treatment for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients among heterogeneous Black populations: US-born Black, Afro-Haitian, West Indian Black, and Hispanic Black.

Heterogeneous Black populations encounter significant obstacles in accessing cancer care, yet research on lung cancer treatment disparities remains limited. This study investigates whether the disparity in receiving curative-intent treatment (curative-intent surgery and/or stereotactic body radiation therapy [SBRT]) for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) and total Blacks extends to diverse Black populations, including US-born, Afro-Haitian, West Indian Black, and Hispanic Black individuals. This cross-sectional study included all Florida cancer registry early-stage NSCLC cases 2005-2017, linked to individual-level discharge data containing comorbidity and specific treatment details (surgery and/or SBRT). Multivariable logistic regression assessed the association between race/ethnicity and the receipt of curative-intent treatment, while accounting for sociodemographic factors (poverty, age, insurance, and smoking status) and clinical variables. Among 55,655 early-stage NSCLC patients, 71.1% received curative-intent treatment: 72.1% NHW and 59.7% Black (non-Hispanic and Hispanic)individuals. Black patients had 35% lower odds (ORadj, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.59-0.70) of receiving curative-intent treatment compared to NHW patients. ORs varied from 0.57 (95% CI, 0.59-0.70) for Hispanic Black to 0.76 (95% CI, 0.56-1.02) for West Indian Black. Remarkably, Black-White disparities persisted despite the availability of curative treatment options (SBRT) for both high Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) observed among US-born Blacks and surgery for low CCI patients among all other Black subgroups. Pronounced disparities in accessing curative-intent treatments for early-stage NSCLC were evident across all Black subgroups, regardless of treatment availability and comorbidity profile. These findings underscore the need to address Black heterogeneity and prompt further research to rectify treatment disparities in early-stage NSCLC.

Diversity of Freshwater Turtles Melanochelys trijuga in and Around Sankarapuram Wetland Complex on Kallakurichi District, Tamil Nadu, India

India is one of the most species-rich regions of freshwater turtles in the world, also, they are being collected, for slaughter, eaten, and traded in huge numbers. The scope of this study on Melanochelys trijuga, also known as the Indian Black Turtle, focuses on collecting comprehensive information about the species in India, specifically in Tamil Nadu, with a special emphasis on Sankarapuram.The study aims to address the lack of current data about this turtle species and contribute to the understanding of its taxonomy, distribution, habitat, behavior, and conservation status. Various methods are employed in this study such as visual sighting of habitat to encounter the target animal, and, indirectly through interview-based survey information from local communities. Visual survey was conducted on 20 locations of the sankarapuram study area. On the surveyed 20 locations the tortoise was observed in five locations viz. two Coconut farm, two ordinary well which used for irrigation purpose and a lake side muddy shallow area. Totally 10 individuals were observed in this study period. We had an opportunity to examine the specimens very closely once it comes out behind the open well. The captured specimens were later examined by comparison with the standard key characteristics and manuals in order to identify the specimen and found as Melanochelys trijuga species. In this study we observed both male and female individuals. The individuals are found as adults. The characteristics and ecology information were compared with the existing data in previous record and publications and manuals. Obtained Melanochelys trijuga species was found as Nearly Threatened status in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) category.

Black Indians and Freedmen: The African Methodist Episcopal Church and Indigenous Americans, 1816–1916

Black Indians and Freedmen: The African Methodist Episcopal Church and Indigenous Americans, 1816–1916

Black Indians and Freedmen: The African Methodist Episcopal Church and Indigenous Americans, 1816–1916 by Christina Dickerson-Cousin (review)

Black Indians and Freedmen: The African Methodist Episcopal Church and Indigenous Americans, 1816–1916 by Christina Dickerson-Cousin (review)

:Black Indians and Freedmen: The African Methodist Episcopal Church and Indigenous Americans, 1816–1916

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsChristina Dickerson-Cousin, Black Indians and Freedmen: The African Methodist Episcopal Church and Indigenous Americans, 1816–1916. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2021. Pp. 252. $110.00 (cloth); $26.00 (paper).Benjamin BakerBenjamin BakerUniversity of Maryland (USA) Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of African American History Volume 108, Number 2Spring 2023 A journal of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/724068 For permission to reuse, please contact [email protected]PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Magnetic and spectral signature of anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic soils to identify pedogenetic processes in Amazonia, Brazil

The present study evaluated the contribution of Fe oxides of the clay fraction as an indicator of pedogenetic and anthropogenic processes of Indian Black Earth, Indian Brown Earth and non-anthropogenic soils in the Southern region of Amazonia, Brazil. The A and B horizons of six soil profiles, identified as Indian Black Earth (IBE), Indian Brown Earth (BE), and non-anthropogenic soils (NAS), were studied. Hematite (Hm) and goethite (Gt), both antiferromagnetic oxides, were identified by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The Kubelka-Munk function was used to determine their proportions. The presence of minerals magnetite (Mt) and maghemite (Mh) was inferred by mass-specific magnetic susceptibility measurements at low (χlf) and high frequency (χhf) in air-dried fine earth (ADFE) and in clay fraction. Higher χlf values (6–9 × 10−6 m3 kg– 1) in the ADFE for the surface of IBE indicated formation of Mt. and Mh associated with its pedogenesis, and differentiate it from BE (0.49–4 × 10−6 m3 kg−1) and NAS (0.27–1.39 × 10−6 m3 kg−1). The correlation of χlf with sand and clay indicates the presence of Mt. and superparamagnetic Mh. The lessivage process is the one that best clarifies χlf in the subsurface horizons of IBE. Spectral curves detect pedogenetic (melanization and xanthization) in the soil profiles of IBE, BE and NAS and anthropogenic (anthrosolization) processes in the soil profiles of IBE, BE. Melanization causes reduction in the reflectance and absence of concavity in the spectral curve of IBE, separating it from BE and NAS due to the greater spectral reflectance induced by the processes of lessivage and xanthization. Therefore, the combined information from spectral curves and χlf is useful to support the soils survey in the Amazonia.

Impact of rice husk ash and xanthan gum in road works by improving the characteristics of expansive soil (black cotton soil)– an inclusive study

The soils of Indian Black Cotton are well-known examples of Expansive soils, which display significant swelling and shrinkage in response to changes in moisture content. The distressing cyclical swelling and shrinking of soils under moisture fluctuations lead to serious failures. Stabilization of soil can be used to improve it in order to get around this. An agricultural industrial waste called rice husk ash is created when rice husk, a byproduct of paddy milling, is burned. In delta regions, it is widely distributed. It is a pozzolanic material that is widely distributed in India and has potential use in a number of geotechnical areas. In this stabilisation process, black cotton soil is mixed with RHA-lime and various percentages of cementitious material, particularly lime. Tests such as plasticity, compaction, swell, and CBR were also conducted with different water contents of OMCs (such as OMC + 2% water content and OMC + 5% water content). From the test findings, it can be concluded that adding lime reduces flexibility and increases strength. With the addition of RHA and lime, expansive soil gets higher CBR values at varied water contents more than 50% for dosages of 10% lime + 20% RHA and 10% lime + 30% RHA. The expansive soil becomes non-plastic, non-swelling, and has increased strengths, making it suitable for use as a building material for roads.

Abundance and diversity of herpetofauna population of Korapuzha Estuary, India: A transitioning shoreline ecosystem

A comprehensive assessment of the Korapuzha Estuary's herpetofauna species diversity was done from September 2018 to September 2019. Amphibians and reptiles were spotted along a terrestrial stretch using active searching; call survey; road-kill analysis and direct observation (opportunistic spotting). The findings reveal 16 species of reptiles from 11 families and 1 amphibian. The Indian Skipper Frog is the sole amphibian that has been identified. 4 species of the order Testudines and 12 species of the order Squamata were identified among all the reptiles. The Common Indian Monitor, garden lizard, Indian Cobra, Oriental Ratsnake, and Indian Black Turtle, were the most frequently seen reptiles. The banded Krait (Bungarus fasciatus) was recorded for the first time in Kerala's marshes. Pelochelys cantorii (Cantor's Giant Softshell), a species of reptile fauna, is listed on IUCN redlist as a critically endangered species. The frequency of herpetofauna is significantly limited owing to the region's close vicinity to the ocean, which prevents taxa from dispersing despite the fact that these organisms are difficult to locate due to their paradoxical activities.

Afro-Catholic Festivals in the Americas: Performance, Representation, and the Making of Black Atlantic Tradition

Afro-Catholic Festivals in the Americas: Performance, Representation, and the Making of Black Atlantic Tradition

Body Weight Prediction using Recursive Partitioning and Regression Trees (RPART) Model in Indian Black Bengal Goat Breed: A Machine Learning Approach

Background: Live body weight (BW) of livestock animals is truly mirror image of all activities of genetics, nutrition, production, reproduction and health status. Thus, the knowledge of calculating BW is of great importance to the producer and critical for goat farming and business. However, there is an unavailability of suitable scales, leading to inaccuracies in decision-making. The present work aimed to predict the live BW of Indian Black Bengal goat using certain morphometric data. Methods: The live BW and eight body measurement data from 1427 disease free, non-pregnant goats aged 25.87±10.47 months with 2.78±1.21 number of parity were collected. The data were first subjected to stepwise regression analysis to achieve the best-fitted model for BW prediction by comparing coefficient of determination (R2) and determining the combination of body dimensions that explained variation in the dependent variable. Further, Recursive Partitioning and Regression Trees (RPART) model, a machine learning tool was deployed to predict BW using certain body measurements. Result: The results of stepwise regression model clearly indicated that heart girth (HG) and punch girth (PG) measurements influenced live BW mostly, but the predictive capabilities (Low R2) of this statistical model were low. The stepwise regression model could not satisfactorily predict BW due to the problem of multicollinearity. Out of eight independent variables, the most important variables emerged from RPART were only HG and PG based on the largest reduction in overall sums of squares error. RPART generated a decision tree with minimal expected error to precisely predict live BW. Hence, RPART model was found to provide better predictive result than stepwise regression model in accurately predicting BW from body measurement variables in Black Bengal goats.

Black Indians and Freedmen: The African Methodist Episcopal Church and Indigenous Americans, 1816–1916 by Christina Dickerson-Cousin

Black Indians and Freedmen: The African Methodist Episcopal Church and Indigenous Americans, 1816–1916 by Christina Dickerson-Cousin

Assessment of Indian black berry biodiesel characterisation and its suitability for the diesel engine applications with oxygenated fuel additives

The current study explores the novel biodiesel prepared from Indian blackberry seed oil by transesterification and characterisation for IBBME20 (20% Indian Black Berry Methyl Ester and 80% biodiesel). Further studies compiled on adding 5% and 10% of diethyl ether (DEE) and di-n-butyl ether (DBE) to IBBME 20 on a volume basis. Characterisation of test fuels with oxygenated additives revealed enhanced fuel properties. The results show a 5.4% increase in BTE for the 10% addition of DBE to the IBBME20 blend. Also, the engine tailpipe emissions, such as HC, CO and smoke opacity, are reduced significantly by 17.5%, 44.59% and 21.11% %, respectively, at full load for the IBBME 20 DBE 10 when contrasted with diesel. Furthermore, the NOX emissions are reduced by 3.42% and 2.1% for the IBBME 20 DBE 10 blend and IBBME 20 DEE 10 blend, respectively compared to the IBBME 20.

Effect of Local Coarse Aggregate Type on Concrete Mechanical Properties in Bangladesh

Different types of natural coarse aggregate are available in the local market of Bangladesh, which are primarily imported from several regions of the neighboring country, India. This paper aims to find the best locally available natural coarse aggregate for concrete preparation in terms of mechanical strength. It also reports on the results of an experiment investigation that looked at the effects of six different types of natural coarse aggregate, namely Burimari, Bhurungamari, Bholaganj, Tamabil, Jaflong and Dinajpur Hili (Indian Black Stone), available in the local market of Bangladesh on the mechanical properties of concrete. Concrete cylindrical specimens of 100mm diameter were prepared by each type of natural coarse aggregate keeping other ingredients constant. Concrete mix ratio and water/cement ratio adopted for the study were 1:1.5:3 and 0.48, respectively. The Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were investigated at 7, 14 and 28 days of curing age. The obtained results showed Dinajpur Hili (Indian Black Stone) is most suitable for concreting having distinguished variation in compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity compared to other types of natural coarse aggregates used in the research.

Design, methods, and baseline characteristics of the Brain Injury Education, Training, and Therapy to Enhance Recovery (BETTER) feasibility study: a transitional care intervention for younger adult patients with traumatic brain injury and caregivers

Objectives We developed a patient- and family-centered traumatic brain injury (TBI) transitional care intervention, called BETTER (Brain Injury Education, Training, and Therapy to Enhance Recovery), to improve quality of life (via SF-36) of younger TBI patients of different racial groups discharged home from acute hospital care and caregivers. We describe our design, methods, and baseline characteristics for our feasibility study. Methods We co-developed BETTER with input from key stakeholders (TBI patients and caregivers, healthcare providers, and interdisciplinary research team members). BETTER is guided by the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory, our team’s prior research, as well as literature used to support, educate, and train patients and families recovering from TBI and other conditions. The intervention is delivered by trained clinical interventionists (transitional care managers), beginning 24–72 h pre-discharge to 16 weeks post-discharge. BETTER offers tailored transitional care support to patient/family dyads, including assessing needs; establishing goals; coordinating post-hospital care, services, and resources; and providing patient/family education and training on brain injury coping skills. The majority of the intervention is delivered remotely via phone and remote video conferencing platform (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04584554). Results We enrolled 15 dyads (N = 31, 15 patients, 16 caregivers) in this single arm, single center feasibility study. Most patients were men (n = 11, 73.33%), had a mean age of 39.07 (SD: 15.15), and were Black (n = 9, 60%), White (n = 5, 33.3%), or American Indian (n = 1, 0.66%). Injury severities were mild (n = 6, 40%), moderate (n = 4, 26.6%) or severe (n = 5, 33.33%). Most patients were insured (n = 10; 66.7%), had a high school education (n = 6; 40%); and earned $30,000 or less per year (n = 11; 73.3%). Most caregivers were married (n = 9, 56.25%) women (n = 14, 87.5%) with a mean age of 43.38 (SD: 10.45) and were Black (n = 8, 50%), White (n = 7, 43.75%), or American Indian (n = 1, 0.62%). Most caregivers identified as the spouse (n = 7; 43.75%) or parent (n = 6; 37.5%) of the patient. Conclusions BETTER is among the first TBI transitional care intervention to address needs/preferences for younger TBI patients of different racial groups after discharge home from acute hospital care and families. Findings can be used to inform future work.

Reptilian assemblages in the wetlands of Amboli hill complex, northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India during the monsoon season

We studied the reptilian diversity in and around five man-made wetlands in Amboli hill complex of the northern Western Ghats, in the monsoon seasons from 2011 to 2015. During the study we recorded 37 reptile species: 26 snakes, 10 lizards, and one turtle. Several endemic, range-restricted and newly-described species were recorded. We recorded the Indian Black Turtle Melanochelys trijuga, which is under ‘Near Threatened’ category of IUCN Red List 2020. We observed the greatest species richness at Gavase and Dhangarmola wetlands, followed by Khanapur, Yarandol, and Ningudage.

White Ecclesiology: The Identity of the Church in the Statements on Racism by United States Catholic Bishops

The latest United States Conference of Catholic Bishops’ document on racism, Open Wide Our Hearts, prompted numerous criticisms. This article argues that US Catholic bishops’ statements on racism from 1958 to 2018 all too often present an image of the church in which Black, Latinx, Asian, and American Indian identities are spatially and socially the exterior, thereby constructing a white ecclesiology.

Enhancing the Engineering Properties of Indian Black Cotton Soil with Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Ash – A Review

The present study is the review of work carried out by various researchers on the improvement of engineering properties of expansive soils namely Indian Black Cotton Soil (BCS), after the addition of MSWI ash to the soil in varying proportions. The findings of study indicate that the optimum content of MSWI ash to be added to expansive soils for improvement in strength characteristics varies between 10% and 30% with best results at 25% of MSWI ash proportion. This content of MSWI ash increases the UCS of expansive black cotton soil from 28.8 kPa to 53.4 kPa and an increase in CBR value from 3.38% to 9.38%. The review suggests the use of MSWI ash in India keeping in view the enormous increase in volumes of municipal solid waste (MSW) due to fast urbanization in the country. The extensive use of such green technology will go a long way in reducing requirement of civil construction materials thereby lowering greenhouse emissions. Simultaneously, cost effectiveness in improvement of weak soils to be used in Highway subgrade civil engineering applications using MSWI ash will result is sustainable construction practices.

Pedotransfer functions to estimate some soil properties in Indian Black Earth, south of Amazonas State.

Agriculture needs methodologies that assist in the determination of soil attributes and variability mapping attributes with greater levels of detail. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate magnetic susceptibility as auxiliary variable for estimating soil attributes in areas of Indian Black Earths in the south of Amazonas State. Three Indian Black Earth areas are located in the municipalities of Apuí and Manicoré - Amazonas, under uses with coffee, cocoa and pasture. The soils were collected at the crossing points in the depth of 0.00 - 0.20 m, making a total of 88 sampling points/area, and totaling 264 samples. The points were georeferenced for geostatistical modeling. After that, physical and chemical analyzes were performed to obtain the values ​​of soil and magnetic susceptibility attributes. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, linear regression and geostatistical analyzes were applied for Pedotransfer Function modeling and the spatial variability of the analyzed attributes. Magnetic susceptibility showed a high degree of spatial dependence in the study areas, high range values, correlating with most of the assessed attributes, mainly physical, indicating potential in the prediction of the attributes in these environments. Pedotransfer functions vary among IBE's sites in attribute prediction, ensuring moderate estimates for predicting soil attributes in IBE's areas.

Polluted Landfill adaptation into agricultural soil: heavy metal phytoremediation with Indian Black Mustard (Brassica Nigra) and Dolomitic Lime Fertilizer.

Bio-medical and electronic waste accumulation from industry and anthropogenic sources is deposited at landfill sites over the years, possessing waste degradation into heavy metal deposition in soil such as Cd, Ni, Pb, which is detrimental to the developing embryo development and affects respiratory function. The hyper-accumulator herb, such as Indian mustard ( Brassica Nigra), which was able to absorb heavy metals from the soil and water and wipe out soil after a period of time and disposed of it. Dolomitic Lime Fertilizer is a Inorganic compound derived from mixture of calcium carbonate (caco3) and magnesium carbonate (mgco3) are used for the sustained agriculture. The Extraction of heavy metals along with Dolomitic lime helps to increase the nitrogen fixation rate in soil and reduce the acidity nature of the soil also acts as a soil conditioners. They provide eco-friendly, cheap and renewable resource for the subsequent years. Phytoremediation of contaminated sites is requires low cost and more renewable compared to remediation strategies that involve removing polluted soil constituents.

Abstract PO-171: Unique stroke disparity and cancer risk in Asian Americans

Abstract Background: Stroke is the fifth-leading cause of death in the US. Previous studies have found that the prevalence of precancerous lesions in patients with ischemic stroke is higher than that in the general population. Studies show that Asian-Americans are more likely to experience a severe ischemic stroke in comparison with other racial groups. Although predisposing risk factors for stroke and stroke epidemiology have been studied extensively, racial-ethnic disparities in stroke incidence and prevalence are well documented but less understood. Methods: This study uses a sample of 18889 adults who self-reported suffering stroke in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS-2018), which includes five racial and ethnic groups (White, Black, American Indian, Hispanic, and Asian American populations). Factors associated with stroke are used in data analysis. Results: Compared with other racial groups (White/Black/American Indian/Hispanic) in the United States, Asians are at an elevated risk of suffering a stroke. Asians reported a significantly higher rate of stroke in younger age group: in groups aged 18-34, Asians reported the highest rate of having stroke (15.4% vs. White, 1.9%; Black, 2.7%; American Indian, 4.7%; and Hispanic, 10.5%; p<0.001). In addition, among respondents with normal/under-weight, doing exercise, and no smoking, Asians also reported significant higher stroke rates. Specifically, among people being normal- or under-weight; 50.2% of Asians reported having stroke in comparing with White, 29.7%; American Indian, 29.5%; Hispanic, 26.3% and Black, 25.4% (p<0.001). Among people reported doing exercise, Asians (67.0%) reported the highest rate of stroke followed by Hispanic (59.5%), White (58.6%), Black (55.2%) and American Indian (53.3%) (p<0.001). Similarly, among people reported no smoking, Asians (75.6%) also reported a significant higher rate of stroke in comparing with White (66.6%), Hispanic (60.5%), Black (55.7%), and American Indian (44.8%) (p<0.001). More logistic regression results will be reported at presentation. Conclusion: Stroke incidence and prevalence are not uniform. Asian-Americans face unique disparities compared to their racial counterparts’ risk factors for stroke. Elucidating these underlying risk factors and identifying intervention strategies to address the stroke disparities experienced by Asian-Americans will improve both stroke and cancer prevention. Citation Format: Helen Y. Xia, Wenyue Lu. Unique stroke disparity and cancer risk in Asian Americans [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-171.