Black Hair Research Articles

REPRESENTASI SENSUALITAS PEREMPUAN DALAM IKLAN ZILINGO (STUDI SEMIOTIKA DENGAN CHARLES SANDERS PIERCE)

Between mass media and women likened two sides of coin that can’t be separated. Advertising describes women as a weak creature. The role of women that always describe in ads always describing domestic roles. Women also exploited by sensuality that they have like their body as a mean of attracting in mass media industry. This research is researching Zilingo version Classy or Glossy. the representation of women on this ad represented in the form dancing women, flirting with ex her boyfriend, by being exploited with their body. The technique that used ini ad by using jingle or interesting slogans. The research wants to know how Zilingo represented women’s sensuality by selecting sign like picture or other signs. The approach used in this research is semiotic theory from Charles Sanders Pierce known as a theory triangle meaning in analyzing the sign. The object of this research consisting of word, picture in Zilingo ad. The result shows sensual women, according to Zilingo, describe having slim stature, black hair, beautiful face and break the traditional style of women. Beside that, Zilingo ad also have a message as a picture frame and social frame. In a picture frame, women try to attract alluring. And in social image, women being active againstthe traditional concept of women. Of course, it is suitable with the main purpose of ad is to persuade consument in order to use their product, service in a form of creative advertising strategy.

Decentering the Patent: Opportunities to Reframe American Innovation Rhetorics

ABSTRACT Rhetoricians have long critiqued gendered (Gurak; Koerber) and racial (Banks; Haas) biases in rhetorics of science and technology. However, we have yet to fully consider how the patent, as a genre, perpetuates these biases both in the constraints it places on contemporary definitions of invention and innovation and in how it distorts historical narratives about who invented in the past. Delineating the patent’s limitations as an index of inventive activity, this article advocates for more expansive understandings of invention. It argues that American patents have, since the nineteenth century, affirmed a dominant “rhetoric of innovation” that has since functioned as much as a marker of privilege as it has an index of inventiveness. Using the example of early twentieth-century Black hair culture, this article suggests other ways of recovering historical inventiveness among groups of Americans possessing their own, alternative “rhetorics of innovation” that reflect their culturally situated strategies for empowerment.

Patient-Reported Burden of Severe Alopecia Areata: First Results from the Multinational Alopecia Areata Unmet Need Survey.

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by hair loss that has significant psychosocial implications. This study aims to describe the patient-reported burden of severe AA, coping mechanism and information needs using data from the multinational AA Patient Satisfaction and Unmet Need Survey. Participants with current or previous ≥50% scalp hair loss (n = 747) were recruited from 11 countries and completed a web-based survey that assessed demographics, clinical characteristics, disease burden and psychosocial impact. Data were stratified according to sex, current age, disease duration and current severity of scalp hair loss. The mean (SD) age of participants was 43.8 (7.1) years, 55.3% were women, and 63.5% reported AA symptoms within 6 months of diagnosis. Most participants had black or brown hair (88.4%), reported a disease duration of 2 years or more (75.6%) and had current scalp hair loss of ≥50% (87.4%). Severe hair loss also extended to eyebrow (46.9%), eyelash (48.7), beard (61.5%) and body hair (73.2%). Participants commonly reported comorbidities such as anxiety (26.1%), depression (18.1%) and sleep problems (28.1%). The Dermatology Life Quality Index revealed a severe impact on quality of life; 86.2% of participants scored >10. Mental health/mood was significantly affected; 55.8% of participants reported a substantial impact. Long-term effects included decreased self-esteem (32.9%), poor mental health (28.1%) and challenges in day-to-day activities (27.2%). Information needs were centered around treatment expectations, mental health, and available treatment options. More severe symptoms and a greater daily impact were reported by women and those with a longer disease duration. The study emphasizes the substantial burden, including impaired quality of life and psychological well-being, of severe AA on the lives of surveyed participants. The findings highlight the importance of comprehensive disease management strategies that address both physical and psychosocial aspects of AA.

High-frequency surface-micromachined optical ultrasound transducer array for 3D micro photoacoustic computed tomography.

This Letter reports a new, to the best of our knowledge, high-frequency surface-micromachined optical ultrasound transducer (HF-SMOUT) array for micro photoacoustic computed tomography (µPACT). An 11 × 11 mm2 2D array of 220 × 220 elements (35 µm in diameter) is designed, fabricated, and characterized. The optical resonance wavelength (ORW) of ≥90% of the elements falls within a 6-nm range. The acoustic center frequency and bandwidth of the elements are ∼14 MHz and ∼18 MHz (129%), respectively. The noise equivalent pressure (NEP) is 161 Pa (or 18 m P a/H z) within a measurement bandwidth of 5-75 MHz. The standard deviation of the ORW drift is 0.45 nm and 0.93 nm within 25°C-55°C, respectively, and during a seven-day continuous water immersion. PACT experiments are conducted to evaluate the imaging performances of the HF-SMOUT array. The spatial resolution is estimated as 90 µm (axial) and 250-750 µm (lateral) within a 10 × 10 mm2 field of view (FoV) and the imaging depth of 16 mm. A 3D PA image of a knotted black hair target is also successfully acquired. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using the HF-SMOUT array for µPACT applications.

Dupliumab therapy for alopecia areata: a case series and review of the literature

Background A growing body of research supports the important role of the TH2 axis in alopecia areata (AA). Dupilumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against IL-4Rα that downregulates TH2 response. Although efficacy has been shown in clinical trials, real-world data on the use of dupilumab in AA patients is limited. Objectives To report on a case series of 10 patients with AA who were treated with dupilumab and provide real-world evidence regarding its efficacy in treating severe AA. Methods In this retrospective single-center study, all AA patients treated with dupilumab treatment were included between May 2022 and October 2023. Clinical outcome measures (Severity of Alopecia Tool, SALT) and adverse events (AEs) were analyzed. In addition, a literature review was conducted to summarize the efficacy of AA with dupilumab and the characteristics of patients previously reported in the literature. Results We identified 10 patients with AA who were or are being treated with dupilumab, with a median (range) treatment duration of 8 (3-15) months. Of these, four patients have high serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels (≥200IU/ml). The mean (IQR) pretreatment SALT score was 79% (52-100). Seven of 10 patients achieved at least 50% re-growth. Of those who improved, the mean (IQR) percentage change in SALT score at 3 months and the end of follow-up was 57% (29%-89%) and 95% (68-100), respectively. Notably, seven patients (70%) had white hair regrowth, with the white hair slowly decreasing over time and the proportion of pigmented black hair increasing. Dupilumab was well tolerated by all patients. No adverse events were reported. Conclusions Overall, our research supports dupilumab as another candidate that possesses potential benefits for AA. High levels of IgE may be not prerequisites for dupilumab’s successful treatment response.

THE EFFECT OF USING SULFUR SOAP ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HANDLING DEMODICOSIS CASES IN KINTAMANI CROSS-BREED DOG

Demodecosis is a skin disease caused by Demodex spp. mites that can cause itching and trigger the scratching reflex. The purpose of writing this case report article is to determine the cause of the skin disease that occurred in the case dog and the effectiveness of the sulfur soap treatment performed. A male Peranakan kintamani dog named Siba, 5 months old, weighing 7 kg, and having black hair color had skin problems since 1 month before. The dog's appetite was good, defecation and urination were normal. The dog was fed rice mixed with chicken. The case dog was kept loose and sometimes tied around the house. The results of the physical examination showed skin lesions in the form of erythema, crusts, alopecia, and hyperkeratosis on the face, neck, front legs, hind legs, abdomen, around the anus and swollen interdigit. A deep skin scrapping examination found Demodex spp. Routine hematology examination showed the case dog was anemic. The dog was diagnosed with demodecosis. Treatment was ivermectin, antihistamine (diphenhydramine), vitamin B complex, and sulfur soap. Evaluation after 14 days showed changes in the lesions and reduced pruritus. It is recommended to implement good husbandry management and maintain the dog's immunity to avoid recurrent infections.

Management of Indralupta (Alopecia areata) by Jaluka Avacharana and Shamana Aoushadhi: A Case Report

Background: Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder that can lead to unpredictable hair loss. Alopecia areata is a common autoimmune disorder that often results in unpredictable hair loss. In most cases, hair falls out in small patches around the size of a quarter. There may be only a few patches, but alopecia areata can affect wider areas of the scalp. In Ayurveda texts, a similar condition is mentioned in Kshudrarogas known as Indralupta. Aims: This study sets out to evaluate the effectiveness of Shamana Aoushadhi and Jalaukavacharana in curing Alopecia areata. Materials and Methods: It is a single-case study of a 24-year-old female patient with a complaint of asymptomatic loss of hair at a single site over the scalp with itching and dandruff for 1.5 years. This case of Alopecia areata (Indralupta) was successfully treated with seven sittings of Jalaukavacharana (leech therapy) and Ayurveda medication. Result: The patch was immensely filled with lustrous black hairs at the end of the follow-up period. Conclusion: Thus, it can be said that Jaloukavacharana and Shamana Aushadh, two Ayurvedic treatments, offer a favorable outcome for Indralupta patients.

Reconnection of cysteine in reduced hair with alkylene dimaleates via thiol-Michael click chemistry.

Conventional hair permanent waving (PW) and permanent straightening processes typically involve two steps: reduction, for breaking -S-S- bond in cystine into cysteine and oxidation for -S-S- bond reconnection. However, it is known that the hair incurs damage during the oxidation step. In this work, we proposed a novel strategy to reconnect reduced disulfide bonds in hair via the thiol-Michael click reaction, by using a symmetric Michael reagent. Virgin black Chinese hair was reduced using 8% wt thioglycolic acid and employed as model hair containing a high content of broken disulfide bonds. The reduced hair was treated with 1,4-n-butylene dimaleate. Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to verify the chemical changes occurred in untreated and treated hair fibre. Single-fibre mechanical properties and thermal properties of the hair were evaluated using tensile testing and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The 1,4-n-butylene dimaleate could reconnect free thiol groups generated by disulfide bond reduction via thiol-Michael click reaction and significantly improve the mechanical strength of hair compared to that of the reduced hair. Secondary conformational resolution analysis of FT-IR results revealed that the content of α-helix structure could be restored after treatment with 1,4-n-butylene dimaleate. The intermolecular forces established by the newly generated C-S bonds compensate the broken disulfide bonds and enhance the fracture strength of the hair compared to that of reduced hair. Michael reagents of similar structure also showed similar performance in restoring the mechanical properties of reduced hair. Our data suggest that 1,4-n-butylene dimaleate can restore the mechanical properties of reduced hair by reconnecting reduced disulfide bonds and restoring the secondary conformation of hair keratin.

Diagnosis and medical treatment of otitis externa in a ragdoll cat: A case report

Otitis is a disease that is often found due to the cat's ears being unclean and causing earwax to build up along with fluid. Otitis is caused by inflammation of the epithelium of the ear canal and also surrounding structures such as the external auditory meatus and pinna. A 3-month-old Ragdoll cat, male, with white and black hair on the ears, was examined with complaints of head tilting and frequent head shaking, pus in the ears, and inflammation. Clinical examination revealed erythema. The ear wax swab examination results showed an Otodectes cynotis mite infection. The results of the bacterial culture examination showed the presence of Klebsiella sp bacterial infection. The animal was diagnosed with otitis externa. Treatment for otitis externa is given by Dexamethasone, Erlamycetin® (Chloramphenicol 1%), Ivermectin, and lidocaine. The accumulated earwax is also cleaned using a cotton bud and saline. Five days after therapy the cat showed recovery.

Computational reparations as generative justice: Decolonial transitions to unalienated circular value flow

The Latin roots of the word reparations are “re” (again) plus “parere” which means “to give birth to, bring into being, produce”. Together they mean “to make generative once again”. In this sense, the extraction processes that cause labor injustice, ecological devastation, and social degradation cannot be repaired by simply transferring money. Reparations need to take on the full sense of “restorative”: the transition to a decolonial system that can support value generators in the control of their own systems of production, protect the value they create from extraction, and circulate value in unalienated forms that benefit the human and non-human communities that produced that value. With funding from the National Science Foundation, we have developed a research framework for this process that starts with “artisanal labor”: employee-owned business and worker collectives that have people doing what they love, despite low incomes. Focusing primarily on Detroit's Black-owned urban farms, artisanal textile businesses, Black hair salons, worker collectives, and other community-based production, with additional connections to Indigenous and other communities, we have introduced digital fabrication technologies, sensors, artificial intelligence, server-side apps and other computational support for a transition to unalienated circular value flow. We will report on our investigations with the challenges at multiple scales. At each level, we show how computational supports can act as restorative mechanisms for lost circular value flows, and thus address both past and ongoing disenfranchisement.

Polarization properties and Umov effect of human hair

This study delves into the polarization properties of various hair colors using several techniques, including polarization ray tracing, full Stokes, and Mueller matrix imaging. Our analysis involved studying hair in both indoor and outdoor settings under varying lighting conditions. Our results demonstrate a strong correlation between hair color and the degree of linear polarization. Specifically, light-colored hair, such as white and blond, exhibits high albedo and low DoLP. In contrast, dark hair, like black and brown hair, has low albedo and high DoLP. Our research also revealed that a single hair strand displays high diattenuation near specular reflections but high depolarization in areas with diffuse reflections. Additionally, we investigated the wavelength dependency of the polarization properties by comparing the Mueller matrix under illumination at 450 nm and 589 nm. Our investigation demonstrates the impact of hair shade and color on polarization properties and the Umov effect.

TREATMENT FOR TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL TUMOR IN FEMALE DOG WITH TUMOR EXCISION THROUGH EPISIOTOMY APPROACH

Transmission Venereal Tumor (TVT) is a malignant tumor that is contagious in dogs. Tumors are transmitted to other dogs generally through direct contact with dogs of sufferers during the mating season. A mixture of a female Rottweiler-Corgi mix breed called a 5-year-old Bocil, black and brown hair, with a body weight of 8.9 kg has a complaint of a lump in the vulva and genital swelling accompanied by the release of blood from the genitals. Routine hematology examination shows dogs experiencing thrombocytopenia. Histopathological examination of tumor tissue, indicates the presence of tumor cells in the form of lymphoblasts that experience modosis, and many hyperchromatic polymorphonuclear cells are found. Based on the history, clinical examination, and supporting examination, dogs are diagnosed with transmission venereal tumors. Surgery is carried out with the excision of the mass of the tumor through the episiotomy approach. Postoperatively given CefotaXime antibiotics at a dose of 20 mg/kg BW in IV Q12 hours for three days and analgesic dipyrone 25 mg/kg BW in IV q12 hours for 3 days, followed by giving Cefixime antibiotics 10 mg/kg BW twice four days and analgesic metamizole 25 mg/kg PO twice a day for 2 days. Dogs are given vincristine sulphate chemotherapy at a dose of 0.025 mg/kg BW intravenously every 1 time a week for three weeks in a row. On the 21st day postoperative sex size shrink and no blood is found from the vagina. Prevention of recurrent TVT in dogs needs to be minimized by performing ovariohysterectomy surgery.

Black Hair Is a Safe Sport Issue!: Black Aesthetics, Access, Inclusion, and Resistance

This paper examines the intersection of Black hair aesthetics and three dimensions of safe sport: environmental and physical safety, relational safety, and optimizing sport experiences. Black hair, a fundamental aspect of cultural identity for people of African descent, has been historically stigmatized; an issue that extends into sports yet remains unexplored. Through a predominantly Canadian perspective, we define Black hair aesthetics as encompassing various textures and styles related to real and potential risks of injury, inattention, and disregard in sport contexts. We contend that Black hair is a safe sport issue as it intertwines with risk, safety, and human rights. By exploring Black hair stylization, we uncover its political dimensions and its ability to challenge colonial norms that impact sporting access and success.

Carcinogenic Chemicals in Black Hair Products: A Product Liability Issue

Carcinogenic Chemicals in Black Hair Products: A Product Liability Issue

Application of a 24-SNP Multiplex Genotyping Assay System for Phenotypic Identification of Fujian Han Population.

This study aimed to evaluate the utility of 24 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci associated with iris color and hair color in phenotypic identification of the Han Chinese population in Fujian Province. The selected SNPs, known for their strong correlation with specific human phenotypic features, provide valuable reference data for developing a molecular phenotypic identification system. A multiplex genotyping assay system was established with primers for the 24 SNPs linked to iris color and hair color synthesized based on existing literature. In total, 235 unrelated individuals of Han Chinese ethnicity in Fujian Province were included in this study. PowerStats v12 was employed to calculate forensic parameters associated with the 24 SNP loci, including gene frequencies, genotype frequencies, minor allele frequencies, discrimination power (DP), polymorphism information content (PIC), and observed heterozygosity (Ho). Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests were conducted for each locus. The SNP genotyping results were uploaded to the HIrisPlex model (https://HIrisPlex.erasmusmc.nl/) to predict iris and hair colors, and the inferred results were compared with manually assessed images. The accuracy of pigment phenotype inference was evaluated by using ROC curves in SPSS 26.0 software. The accuracy rates of inferring brown iris and black hair phenotypes were 99.6% and 99.5%. The area under the curve (AUC) values were 0.923 and 0.980, respectively. The 24 SNP loci demonstrated high accuracy in inferring iris color and hair color; it seems to be a useful tool for forensic phenotypic identification and anthropological or evolutionary applications. Establishment of suitable pigment classification criteria and optimized prediction models is based on revealing more phenotypic genetic markers.

Para‐phenylenediamine hair dye and dry eye symptoms: A cross‐sectional study

Aims/Purpose: Para‐phenylenediamine is a common constituent in black hair dye which is well‐associated with irritant dermatitis. Ocular complications include blepharoconjunctivitis, dry eye disease and allergic eye disease (1), mostly reported in case studies. We conducted a cross‐sectional study to establish the prevalence of dry eye symptoms in black hair dye users, and its association with irritant dermatitis, sleeping position and frequency of hair dye use.Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted online among Facebook followers of an ophthalmology clinic based in Mauritius. 100 responses were gathered between November 2020 and May 2022. Participants included in the study were all users of black hair dye, over the age of 18 and of either sex. Patients with potential confounding causes of dry eye disease symptoms were not excluded from the study, but a separate analysis was conducted excluding them. Data was subsequently analysed using R statistical software.Results: Most participants were female (88%) and excluding those with confounding causes of dry eye disease, 57% of participants reported ocular symptoms, such as grittiness, blurry vision and red eyes. 34% of these patients also reported scalp dermatitis. Prevalence of ocular symptoms increased with duration of hair dye use. However, no association was found between either rates of irritant scalp dermatitis, sleeping position or frequency of hair dye use and ocular symptoms.Conclusions: We have found a high prevalence of dry eye symptoms among black hair dye users, compared to the prevalence previously described in the literature (28.2% by Golińska‐Zach et al.) (1), with a prolonged duration of hair dye use being a risk factor. Larger scale studies are needed to characterize the influence of para‐phenylenediamine hair dye on ocular surface disease, including assessment of tear film properties and meibomian gland dysfunction.Reference1. Golińska‐Zach A, Krawczyk‐Szulc P, Wiszniewska M, Nowakowska‐Świrta E, Świerczyńska‐Machura D, Tymoszuk D, et al. Sensitization to occupational allergens in hairdressing apprentices diagnosed already before entering vocational training. Med Pr [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2022 Apr 25]; 67(5): 567–75. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27819696/

Do sheep of different coat colors kept in an equatorial semi-arid environment use solar orientation behavior for thermoregulation?

Shade-seeking behavior and body posture adjustments are key thermoregulatory strategies used by free-ranging animals to minimize heat absorption. We observed these behaviors in grazing sheep, analyzing their orientation relative to solar radiation. Over seven days, we monitored six predominantly black and six white crossbred lambs. We found that shade-seeking behavior was less frequent on cloudy days (p < 0.05), with sheep spending more time grazing. Neither the black or the white sheep altered their body orientation to minimize heat absorption, regardless of sunny or rainy conditions. In conclusion, this preliminary investigation showed that body axis orientation seems not to be employed by black and white hair coat sheep as thermoregulatory strategy when exposed to solar radiation in an equatorial semi-arid environment.

Brightness and hue judgment of dyed hair color

This study aims to investigate human hair color perception through two empirical studies in the context of colored hair. The preliminary study was intended to establish a numerical representation of perceptually meaningful brightness levels. It identified that the brightness level was proportional to the power of 0.766 of L*. In the visual assessment, participants (N = 47) categorized 246 hair color samples into eight color hue groups aligned with the Munsell system. Hue judgment was conducted by visually comparing dyed hair tresses with natural black hair. Based on the L*, a*, and b* values of hair tresses and visual assessments thereof, we observed the ranges of hue categories for hair color alongside the brightness levels. Additionally, the differences between the Munsell hue names and the assessment results were compared. Predominantly influenced by the dark brown hair color, the neutral orientation was shifted to the first quadrant of the a*-b* plane. The study contributes to an understanding of human hair color perception and provides insights into color categorization and labeling, especially when the context is confined.

Assessment of morphological features of skin and hair cover of Karakul lambs (South of Kazakhstan).

The relevance of the present research is related to the great importance of Karakul sheep breeding in Kazakhstan and the insufficient investigation of morphological features of the skin and hair cover of Karakul lambs in modern literature. The purpose of the research was to explore the specific features of hair pigmentation and histological structure of the skin of Karakul lambs of different colour groups: black, sur, grey, and brown. The work involved the standard methods of assessing the pigment content in the hair of lambs and methods of histological studies. The study utilised statistical methods including the Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion, one-factor analysis of variance, Fisher's F-criterion, and the Bonferroni method, with data processed through the "PASW Statistics 17" and "Statistica 6.0" software packages. The results of the research demonstrate that the pigment content in the hair of new-born Karakul lambs depends on their colouring. Differences in pigment precipitation between different colour groups of lambs were established: pigment grains in black hairs and suras were larger, in comparison with brown and grey hairs, in which pigment was represented by the smallest grains. At the age of 19days, no significant changes in the colouring of the lambs examined were found (p > 0.05), whereas on reaching 4months of age, depigmentation (p < 0.05) was noted in all colour groups, which was slower in black lambs.

Developing the Concept of ‘Feel Ezzy Hair Oil’: Explore the Nature of Hair Oil with Respect to Personal Well-Being

Hair fall is a very common phenomenon and a matter of concern within whatever young or aged. This study is formulated a herbal hair oil and made a clinical trial over selected person under the research and development unit at Routi Herbal Limited. To see the efficacy of the experimental oil made up of Kala Jera Toil (Nigella sativa) Narkal Toil (Cocos nucifera) Amloki (Emblica officinalis) Henna ( Lawsonia alba) Durba Ghas ( Cynodon dactylon) Mathi (Trigonella foenum-graecum) in different concentration over the simple Coconut Oil (purified). Total 25 volunteers man and women were selected for 25 days and arranged in 3 groups, one for experimental oil recipient, one for control group another for the simple Coconut Oil (purified) recipient. And it is found that hair fall reduced to 76%, 72%, 67%, 59%, 32%, 0% on 15days, 30 days, 45 days, 60 days, 75 days, and 90 days by using of this experimental herbal hair oil. Aims of the study: To find out the efficacy of test herbal hair oil over simple Coconut Oil (purified)to reduce the hair falls. Discrimination toward black hair is pervasive in today’s society. Hair discrimination is negative bias manifested toward black natural or textured hair styles typically worn by persons of African descent. This commentary discusses the potential effects of hair discrimination on the health and well-being of persons of African descent. Specifically, it explores the mental and physical health implications of hair discrimination and situates it within the broader context of social determinants of health