Black Granules Research Articles

Influence of nitrogen forms and application rates on the phytoextraction of copper by castor bean (Ricinus communis L.).

Fertilization is an important agricultural strategy for enhancing the efficiency of phytoremediation in copper (Cu)-contaminated soils. In this study, the effects of nitrogen (N) forms, including ammonium (NH4+-N) and nitrate (NO3--N), on the growth, translocation, and accumulation of Cu in the tissues of Ricinus communis L. were investigated in pot and hydroponic experiments. The results demonstrated that higher biomass and N contents in plants were obtained when N was supplied as NO3--N rather than NH4+-N. Application of N increased the Cu content in the roots of R. communis, with a higher content after NH4+-N (53.10-64.20 mg kg-1) than NO3--N (37.62-53.75 mg kg-1) treatment. On the contrary, the levels of Cu translocation factors were much higher in NO3--fed plants (0.34-0.45) than in NH4+-fed plants (0.28-0.38). The suggested amount of N for fertilizer application is 225 kg hm-2, which resulted in the highest Cu content in R. communis and optimal plant growth. As the main Cu-binding site, root cell walls accumulated less Cu in plants treated with NH4+-N compared with NO3--N. Additionally, NH4+-N induced a higher malondialdehyde content and more severe root damage compared with NO3--N. In the leaf, a larger number of black granules, which could be protein and starch grains involved in the detoxification of Cu in R. communis, were present after NH4+-N than NO3--N treatment. These results illustrate that N forms are especially important for Cu translocation and accumulation and that immobilization and transformation of Cu in roots were improved more by NH4+-N than NO3--N. In conclusion, N fertilizers containing the appropriate forms applied at suitable rates may enhance the biomass and Cu accumulation of R. communis and thereby the remediation efficiency of Cu-contaminated soils.

Malignant Melanoma in a Female Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Melanomas are malignant neoplasms originating from melanocytes. They reported in birds. In this case, macroscopic and microscopic (the histopathologic and IHC) findings supported a final diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma in a mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos). A female mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) was observed with a mass on the ventral portion of the neck. The bird was anes- thetized with Diazepam/Ketamine. A skin incision was made on the ventral surface of the mass and blunt dissection was performed to separate the mass. The incision was sutured by a simple interrupted suture pattern. Mass was surgically excised for histopathological evaluation. Histologically, the mass was composed of nests and sheets of anaplastic, epithelioid, multinucleated and polygonal cells con- taining variable amounts of brown to black granules of melanin. The neoplasm showed immunoreactiv- ity for S-100 and Melan-A in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells. Based on the histopathological and IHC findings, this is the first report of malignant melanoma in a mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos).

Clinicopathological and ALVAL score analysis of pseudotumor-like tissue around aseptic joint arthroplasty

Objective: To analyze the clinicopathological features of pseudotumor-like tissue around aseptic joint arthroplasty and aseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesions (ALVAL) scores. The characters of wear granules were observed. Methods: Total 122 cases were retrieved from the surgical pathology files between May 2015 and August 2018 in the department of pathology in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, which included the knee joint arthroplasty (10 cases) and hip arthroplasty (112 cases). There were 62 females and 60 males. Patients' age ranged from 29 to 86 years (mean 56 years). The pseudotumor-like tissue around aseptic joint arthroplasty were stained with HE and analyzed by two ALVAL score systems. The characters of wear granules were observed by light microscope and polarized light. Results: The cohort included 62 females and 60 males. Patients' age ranged from 29 to 86 years (mean 56 years). Compbell-ALVAL system includes synovial lining,inflammatory infiltrate and tissue organization. The scores were: low (0-4): 18cases; moderate (5-8): 101 cases; high (9-10): 3 cases. Oxford-ALVAL system only evaluated the inflammatory infiltrate,and the scores were:0 grade:56 cases; 1 grade:51 cases; 2 grade: 12 cases; 3 grade:3 cases. Cases with high score in the Compbell-ALVAL system were concordant with the 3 grade of the Oxford-ALVAL system. Under light microscope,the metal particles were small black granules; the polyethylene fibers were needle-like and easily visible in polarized light. The polymethylmethacrylate showed clear spaces because of particle melting. Conclusions: The Compbell-ALVAL scoring system is based on the histologic analysis of pseudotumor-like tissue around aseptic joint arthroplasty, and the Oxford-ALVAL scoring systems is based on lymphocytic response. The wear particles could be differentiated by the features in the light microscope.

Tanshinone IIA Ameliorates Spatial Learning and Memory Deficits by Inhibiting the Activity of ERK and GSK-3β.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia which is becoming a primary problem in the present society, but it lacks effective treatment methods and means of AD. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) has been reported to have neuroprotective effects to restrain the Aβ25-35-mediated apoptosis. However, few studies try to understand how Aβ1-42 affects hyperphosphorylation of tau and how Tan IIA regulates this process at the molecular level. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups and infused through the lateral ventricle with Aβ1-42 except the control group. Then the rats were treated with Tan IIA through intragastric administration for 4 weeks. After the ability of learning and memory being measured, histomorphological examination and Western blot were used to detect the possible mechanism in the AD-associated model rats. We observed that Aβ1-42 infusion could induce spatial learning and memory deficits in rats. Simultaneously, Aβ1-42 also could reduce the neuron in cornu ammonis 1 and dentate gyrus of hippocampus, as well as increase the levels of cleaved caspase 3, hyperphosphorylated tau at the sites Ser396, Ser404, and Thr205 with enhancing staining of black granules in brain. We also found that Aβ1-42 could increase the activity of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Meanwhile, these phenomena could be ameliorated when Tan IIA was used. We concluded that Tan IIA might have neuroprotective effect and improving learning and memory ability to be a viable candidate in AD therapy with mechanisms involving the ERK and GSK-3β signal pathway.

The chemical surface evaluation of black and white porous titanium granules and different commercial dental implants with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis.

The chemical surface structure of the porous titanium grafts has not been found to study in the literature on the similarity of chemical surfaces of different commercial dental implants. The purpose of this study is to investigate the chemical composition and surface energies of white (WPTG) and black porous titanium granules (PTG) by energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDX) analysis to compare with different commercial dental implant surface. The surface chemical compositions of six commercially available dental implants with different surface structures, PTG and WPTG were examined by EDX analysis. Surface analyzes were performed on the apical, middle, and coronal parts of each implant and on the top, flank, and valley regions on each side. Surface analyzes of dental implants were evaluated at ×200 and ×2000 magnifications. The EDX evaluation of PTG grafts were evaluated at ×250, ×2000, ×5000, and ×50 000 magnifications. PTG grafts showed elements of Na (8.88 ± 9.98%), Cl (2.44 ± 1.96%), and Al (0.99 ± 0.37%) as well as Ti (90.06 ± 11.34%) molecule at ×5000 magnification. In WPTG, Ti (%34.55 ± 6.41%) and O (%65.44 ± 6.42%) molecules were detected. It has been found that PTG surface was not made of pure titanium, it has different chemical molecules at larger magnifications. Cell culture and experimental studies are needed to establish a relationship between the different commercial implants and the surface structure of the titanium granules.

Argyria secondary to ingestion of colloidal silver

Argyria is blue-grey hyperpigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes as a result of prolonged ingestion or contact with silver-containing compounds. It is often considered an entity of the past, one that has largely disappeared with the cessation of silver usage in oral medications. However, with the practice of colloidal silver ingestion in current ‘alternative health’ treatments, argyria should be considered in the differential diagnosis of blue-grey hyperpigmentation. We report a case of 68-year-old man who presented with pulmonary embolism and was noted to have an incidental blue skin discolouration. Histopathological examination of skin biopsy, which showed minute yellow black granules around pilosebaceous units and sweat ducts in the papillary dermis, verified that colloidal silver was the source of the patient’s hyperpigmentation.

Improvement of Quality Properties and Shelf Life Stability of New Formulated Muffins Based on Black Rice.

Effects of partial (50%) and total replacement of wheat flour with black rice flour on the phytochemical, physico-chemical, sensorial, and textural properties of muffins were studied. Partial or total replacement of wheat flour with black rice flour in muffins improved their nutritional and antioxidative properties with a positive effect on microbiological and color stability during the storage period in accelerated conditions. The low gluten muffins had an anthocyanin content of 27.54 ± 2.22 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G)/100 g dry weight (DW), whereas the gluten free muffins had 46.11 ± 3.91 mg C3G/100 g DW, with significant antioxidant values. Retention of 60% and 64% for anthocyanins and 72% and 80% for antioxidant activity after baking was found. The fracturability and hardness scores increased with the addition of black rice flour, whereas firmness and chewiness increased for gluten free muffins. The confocal analysis revealed a tendency of glucidic components to aggregate, with gathers of small bunches of black rice starch granules comprising anthocyanin. The results allowed designing two new value added bakery products, low and free gluten muffins, with significant high amounts of bioactive compounds, suggesting the functional potential of black rice flour.

Use of Autometallography to Localize and Semi-Quantify Silver in Cetacean Tissues.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively used in commercial products, including textiles, cosmetics, and health care items, due to their strong antimicrobial effects. They also may be released into the environment and accumulate in the ocean. Therefore, AgNPs are the major source of Ag contamination, and public awareness of the environmental toxicity of Ag is increasing. Previous studies have demonstrated the bioaccumulation (in producers) and magnification (in consumers/predators) of Ag. Cetaceans, as the apex predators of ocean, may have been negatively affected by the Ag/Ag compounds. Although the concentrations of Ag/Ag compounds in cetacean tissues can be measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), the use of ICP-MS is limited by its high capital cost and the requirement for tissue storage/preparation. Therefore, an autometallography (AMG) method with an image quantitative analysis by using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue may be an adjuvant method to localize Ag distribution at the suborgan level and estimate the Ag concentration in cetacean tissues. The AMG positive signals are mainly brown to black granules of various sizes in the cytoplasm of proximal renal tubular epithelium, hepatocytes, and Kupffer cells. Occasionally, some amorphous golden yellow to brown AMG positive signals are noted in the lumen and basement membrane of some proximal renal tubules. The assay for estimating the Ag concentration is named the Cetacean Histological Ag Assay (CHAA), which is a regression model established by the data from image quantitative analysis of the AMG method and ICP-MS. The use of AMG with CHAA to localize and semi-quantify heavy metals provides a convenient methodology for spatio-temporal and cross-species studies.

Spectrum of Clinical, Neuroimaging, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Features of Adult Neurocutaneous Melanocytosis

Background: Neurocutaneous melanocytosis (NCM) is a poorly understood disease due to its rarity. This study aimed to summarize the characteristics of adult NCM and improve the awareness of this disease. Methods: The clinical data of 13 adult patients with NCM were retrospectively reviewed, including neuroimages, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and histological features. Results: There were 9 males and 4 females. The mean age at symptom onset was 36.5 years. The initial symptoms included intracranial hypertension in 8 patients and seizure in 4 patients. Ten patients had large and/or multiple congenital melanocytic nevi. MRI revealed hydrocephalus and diffuse thickening of the leptomeninges with T1 shortening in all patients. Post-contrast T1-weighted images showed diffuse linear enhancement of the leptomeninges. Lumbar punctures showed increased open pressure, and elevated protein levels and decreased glucose concentrations in CSF. Cells with intracytoplasmic coarse black granules were found in the CSF and were positive for S100, HMB45, and vimentin. Histopathology of the cutaneous lesions and meninges showed melanocytes but no evidence of malignant melanoma. Conclusion: Adult NCM patients present a diversity of clinical manifestations. Brain MRI showing diffuse thickening of the leptomeninges with T1 shortening is useful in diagnosing NCM. Heterocellular melanin may be of great value for early diagnosis of NCM in challenging cases.

Eumycetoma on histopathology presenting at unusual site: A rare entity.

Mycetoma, an uncommon chronic infection of skin and subcutaneous tissues commonly seen in tropical and subtropical countries. It is caused by true mycetes named eumycetoma and filamentous bacteria belonging to group actinomycetes. The incidence is more common in agricultural workers walking in bare foot. Foot is most commonly affected. Other less commonly affected sites includes hand, knee, chest and head and neck region. Both forms of mycetoma present as a progressive, subcutaneous multiple nodular swelling with discharging sinuses containing black colour granules. The treatment of these two etiologies is entirely different, a definite diagnosis after histopathological examination is mandatory. We here by present a case of eumycetoma affecting knee joint.

Impact of miR-302b on Calcium-phosphorus Metabolism and Vascular Calcification of Rats with Chronic Renal Failure by Regulating BMP-2/Runx2/Osterix Signaling Pathway

To investigate how miR-302b affect the calcium-phosphorus metabolism and vascular calcification (VC) of rats with chronic renal failure (CRF) via the regulation of bone morphogentic proteins 2/Runt-related transcription factor 3/Osterix (BMP-2/Runx2/Osterix) signaling pathway. SD rats were selected to establish CRF rat models and assigned into Sham, CRF, CRF+ miR-302b, and CRF+miR-NC groups. The biochemical indexes of rats were detected at 8th and 12th week. Besides, HE staining and Von Kossa staining were performed to monitor renal structural changes and VC respectively; and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting to evaluate the expressions of miR-302b and BMP-2/Runx2/Osterix signaling pathway separately. HE and Von Kossa staining showed evident vascular calcification in rats from CRF and CRF+miR-NC groups with a large number of black granules deposited in renal artery compared with Sham group, but was improved in rats in the CRF+miR-302b group compared to those in the CRF group. Besides, rats in the CRF group had elevated levels of Scr, BUN, P, Cys C, and PTH, as well as the mRNA and protein expression of BMP-2, Runx2, and Osterix, and reduced serum Ca and miR-302b levels in a time-dependent manner (all p <0.05), which was in a completely opposite tendency in the CRF+miR-302b group (all p <0.05). miR-302b may improve calcium-phosphorus metabolism, and inhibit VC to alleviate the condition of CRF rats possibly associated with the BMP-2/Runx2/Osterix pathway, opening a new idea for CRF therapy.

Biopolymer assisted synthesis of silica-carbon composite by spray drying.

Spray drying had been used to synthesize silica-carbon black nanocomposite micrometric granules with a uniform distribution of the two components. This was achieved by hindering the preferential diffusion of hydrophobic carbon and hydrophilic silica particles in the water droplets during evaporative assembly by introducing gum arabic as a stabilizing agent and network former. Both positive and negatively charged silica nanoparticles were used to check the stability of the sol and its effect on the morphology of the spray dried granules. X-ray and neutron scattering, complemented with electron microscopy, were used to investigate the correlation and distribution of the nanoparticles within the granules. Porous silica granules, having surface area of 157 m2/g, were obtained after removal of carbon black by calcination. An environment-friendly solar absorbing coating had been prepared using as synthesized granules.

Optimal formulation of a product containing black wheat granules

ABSTRACTThis study describes the development process of a healthy nutritional product containing black wheat granules (BWGP), which was based on Xinjiang characteristics of miscellaneous grains and nuts. BWGP was designed and developed as a local characteristic of nutritious food, which is produced from wheat, black sesame seeds, flour, corn flour, chickpeas, walnuts, peanuts, melon seeds, red dates, and brown sugar. The product was then underwent sterilization process followed by the inflated or vacuum quantitative packing as an instant ready-to-eat food. The best formula (%) was determined as follows: black wheat 30, corn flour 20, flour 15, chickpeas 15, black beans 2, peanuts 3, melon seeds 3, walnut 3, black sesame seeds 4, red date powder 15, sugar powder 15, maltodextrin 15, and sunflower oil 20. BWGP has several advantages, which include: a regional characteristic, simple production methods, and rich flavors. Overall, our study focused on the nutritional, flavor, and compositional effects and how a food product can be made healthier, more sustainable or more acceptable to the consumer.

The zoogeography of extant rhabdopleurid hemichordates (Pterobranchia : Graptolithina), with a new species from the Mediterranean Sea

The early origin and evolutionary radiation of graptolites (Hemichordata:Pterobranchia) is a story told almost entirely in the fossil record, but for four extant species of the genus Rhabdopleura Allman, 1869. Here we report the discovery of a fifth species, Rhabdopleura recondita, sp. nov., at a depth range of 2–70m from the Adriatic and Ionian Seas, always associated with bryozoans in coralligenous habitats. This is the first pterobranch record in Italian waters, and the second in the Mediterranean Sea. The new species is characterised by: (1) tubaria with smooth creeping tubes adherent to the inside of empty bryozoan zooecia; (2) erect outer tubes with a graptolite, fusellar-like organisation; and (3) zooids that extend from a black stolon, which is free from the creeping tube. Each of the paired feeding arms has two rows of tentacles that do not extend to the arm tip. The distal ends of the arms, the collar and the cephalic shield are replete with black granules. Phylogenetic analyses of individual and concatenated gene sequences of mitochondrial 16S rDNA and nuclear 18S rDNA support the validity of R. recondita as a new species. Finally, we discuss the global biogeographic and habitat distributions of the extant Rhabdopleura representatives. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:82C6A51E-F8F4-44AF-AD8F-16873BE80D03

First Report of Didymella Leaf blight on Cornus officinalis caused by Didymella glomerata in China

Cornus officinalis (Chinese cornel dogwood) is a traditional valuable Chinese medicinal plant. In May 2011, a leaf blight was found on C. officinalis in the Taiping township (33o37´48˝N, 111o43´39˝E) of Xixia county, Nanyang city, China. The disease occurred mainly in the summer season especially following rainy days, with foliar disease incidence of 52 to 86% (n=300). Initially, water-soaked lesions were seen at the leaf tip (occasionally leaf base) of affected plants. The lesions developed from the leaf tips towards the leaf base, and turned brown as the tissues dried-up. The diseased tissues were taupe with multiple tiny black granules (pycnidia) under high humidity conditions. Diseased tissue pieces sampled from lesion borders were surfaced sterilized in 75% ethanol for 10 s, followed by 3 min in 0.1% HgCl2, rinsing 3 times with sterile water, and plating on potato-dextrose-agar (PDA). Didymella sp. cultures were predominantly isolated from the surface-disinfected lesions. Two strains (A13 and H-1) we...

INTRAORAL GRAPHITE PIGMENTATION

Graphite pencils may cause traumatic injury and foreign body reaction, especially during early childhood, but in the mouth this alteration is rare. Oral pigmentation may be physiologic or pathologic in nature. It may represent a localized anomaly of limited significance or the presentation of potentially life-threatening multisystem disease. However, biopsy is mandatory to rule out malignancy. A 7-year-old healthy female patient was referred from the pediatric clinic because of her mother's concern about a blue lesion on the palate. Intraoral examination showed an asymptomatic, firm, well defined, scalloped, blue-black macule measuring 5 mm × 5 mm. There was no associated inflammation and the lesion failed to respond to the blanching test. Periapical radiograph of the anterior maxillary region did not show any pathologic changes. Differential diagnoses of foreign body pigmentation, melanocytic nevi, and malignant melanoma were considered. A biopsy was raised, revealing solid black granules.

Microplastic pollution in deposited urban dust, Tehran metropolis, Iran.

Environmental pollutants such as microplastics have become a major concern over the last few decades. We investigated the presence, characteristics, and potential health risks of microplastic dust ingestion. The plastic load of 88 to 605 microplastics per 30g dry dust with a dominance of black and yellow granule microplastics ranging in size from 250 to 500μm was determined in 10 street dust samples using a binocular microscope. Fluorescence microscopy was found to be ineffective for detecting and counting plastic debris. Scanning electron microscopy, however, was useful for accurate detection of microplastic particles of different sizes, colors, and shapes (e.g., fiber, spherule, hexagonal, irregular polyhedron). Trace amounts of Al, Na, Ca, Mg, and Si, detected using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, revealed additives of plastic polymers or adsorbed debris on microplastic surfaces. As a first step to estimate the adverse health effects of microplastics in street dust, the frequency of microplastic ingestion per day/year via ingestion of street dust was calculated. Considering exposure during outdoor activities and workspaces with high abundant microplastics as acute exposure, a mean of 3223 and 1063 microplastic particles per year is ingested by children and adults, respectively. Consequently, street dust is a potentially important source of microplastic contamination in the urban environment and control measures are required.

ADSORPTION OF IONS OF NICKEL (II) FROM WATER SOLUTIONS WITH CARBON ADSORBENTS

For citation:Dudarev V.I., Irinchinova N.V., Filatova E.G. Adsorption of ions of nickel (II) from water solutions with carbon adsorbents. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 1. P. 75-80.Adsorption methods of cleaning remains beyond comparison for deep extraction of heavy metal ions from dilute solutions. Their practical application allows achieving the high efficiency of wastewater treatment with minimal impact on the environment. It is known that nickel is one of carcinogenic elements. Thus, free nickel ions (II) are twice toxic than complex compounds. The maximum content of nickel ion (II) at the production of spent electroplating solutions is 50 mg/l, in washing waters – from 2 to 5 mg/l. In this paper we studied the adsorption capacity of carbon adsorbents IPI-T, synthesized from waste phenol-formaldehyde resin with respect to the nickel ions (II). Carbon аdsorbents IPI-T are black granules of irregular shape with an average particle size from 2 to 5 mm, and a surface area of 480 m2/g. Adsorption equilibrium time in static conditions corresponding to the constancy of the concentration of heavy metal ions in solution was four hours. A study of the adsorption capacity of carbon adsorbents IPI-T was performed at pH of 9.5. The adsorption process accompanied by the slight decrease in pH. Isotherms were build according to the results of research of adsorption at different temperatures. The shape of the isotherms obtained corresponds to poly-molecular adsorption. The resulting isotherms were processed using adsorption models of BET and Dubinin-Radushkevich. It was shown that the adsorption process model is best described by BET. Model Dubinin-Radushkevich was used to calculate the free energy of adsorption. The value of the free energy of adsorption indicates that the binding of nickel ion (II) has a physical nature. It was found that with the temperature increasing the adsorption capacity of carbon adsorbents IPI-T decreases. The dynamic activity of the adsorbent was characterized by the time of beginning of pass of the adsorbate till «breakthrough». Maximum protective effect of the adsorbent was 5 hours, and it was recovered 150 mg of nickel ions (II). The effectiveness of wastewater treatment of galvanic production from heavy metal ions was not less than 98%.

Study on the production of IgG derived from vaginal epithelial cells and the effect of anti-Candida albicans

Objective: To investigate the function of IgG secreted by vaginal epithelial cells in natural resistance to vulvovaginal candidiasis. Methods: (1)Immunohistochemical method was used to determine the expression of IgG secreted by normal vaginal epithelial cells VK2/E6E7.(2)Samples were divided into three groups by different proportions of VK2/E6E7 cells to Candida albicans ,including Candida albicans: VK2/E6E7 cells were 1∶10, 1∶1[yeast+ cells(1∶10)group and yeast+ cells(1∶1)group]and VK2/E6E7 cells as blank control group. The growth status of 3 groups were observed under inverted microscope after 24 hours. ELISA method was used to detect the production of IgG in 3 groups after 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours. Results: (1)Immunohistochemical method showed normal vaginal epithelial cells were polygonal with pale blue nucleus and cytoplasm were distributed by brown granules, which indicated that IgG were strongly positive. While negative control group just had light blue nuclei.(2)Inverted microscope observation represented that control group had a clear outline, strong refraction and large nuclei with cobblestone-like appearance. After yeast+cells(1∶10)group co-cultured for 24 hours, Candida albicans begin to sprout and transformed to hyphae. VK2/E6E7 cells and Candida albicans were close to each other with vacuoles and small black granules in the cytoplasm. The morphology of cells were complete. Yeast+ cells(1∶1)group showed obvious invasion effect of Candida albicans to VK2/E6E7 cells with vigorous growth of hyphae, the decreased number and incomplete morphology of cells. Moreover, the connection of cells were loose. ELISA assay showed that there were statistically significant difference of IgG secretions between the 3 groups after 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours(P<0.05). After stimulation of Candida albicans, secretion of IgG was significantly lower than that in the control group. The statistical difference of IgG secretions between yeast+ cells(1∶10)group and yeast+ cells(1∶1)group after 3, 6, 12, 24 hours were dramatic(P<0.05). The peak of IgG production showed when the ratio of Candida albicans and VK2/E6E7 was 1∶1 after 24 hours co-cultured(1.61±0.05)μg/ml. Conclusions: Candida albicans has a significant invasion role on epithelial cells. With increasing concentrations of Candida albicans, the invasion effect will be enhenced. While, after the vaginal epithelial cells co-cultured with Candida albicans, the secretion of IgG decreased significantly.

Effects and mechanism black granule capsules on growth of transplanted H22 mouse hepatocarcinoma cells

Objective To study the effect of black granule capsules(BGCs) on growth of transplanted mouse hepatocarcinoma cells, cell proliferation cycle and apoptosis. Methods KM mouse were subcutaneously inoculated with Hepatocarcinoma cells (H22) and randomly divided into the model control group, the positive control group, the low, medium and high does of BGC group after 24h. The positive control group received intraperitoneal injection with 30 mg/kg cyclophosphamide. Mice of BGC groups were intragastricaly with different dosage of BGC (400, 800, 1 600 mg/kg). The model control group received intragastricaly with normal saline. The drugs were administrated once a day for seven days. The tumor inhibition rate was calculated at 24 h after the last administration. Flow cytometry was used to detect changes of cell cycle and apoptosis in harvested H22 tumor cells. Results The group of high does showed significant inhibitory effect on the growth of transplanted H22 tumor cells withthe inhibitory rate 38.78% (male) and 43.57% (female). Compared with model control group, groups of different dosages decreased time of G0-G1 phase (58.06%±9.65%, 55.10%±5.89%, 61.36%±15.95% vs. 74.47%±2.63%), increased tiem of Sphase (33.96%±11.90%, 32.67%±4.04%, 33.89%±9.82% vs. 14.37%±4.92%), and increased the apoptosis rate (31.12%±1.85%, 31.89%±2.16%, 40.64%±0.55% vs.21.75%±2.64%). Conclusion BGC has antitumor effect on mouse hepatocarcinoma H22 tumor cells, and its mechanism was to regulate cell proliferation cycle and induce the apoptosis. Key words: Black granule capsules; Cell proliferation; Apoptosis; Mice